HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1932-03-10, Page 6PAGE (i
tatromswomercarmaliMasalsisoiazawo
Timely Information for the
Busy Farmer
( Furnished by the Department of Agriculture )
�Cro�
Crop Rotation tation Bene€its
The chief advantages of crop rota-
tion consist in n4'aintaining the pro-
ductivity of the laud at a'higher lev-
el, in dista•ibuting the farm labour
more uniformly throughout the les-
son, and in controlling nvore effect-
' ively weeds, insects, mat' fungus
d eeeses. Crop rotationis the grow-
ing of different.crops upon the same
land,. in a definite, o,•der and recur-
ring succession.
For Potato Growers •
"If marketing conditions ,had been
eonsisltent with the high quality of
the 1931 potato crop, last year could
be designated as outstanding in the
history of potate growing in Ontar-
io" said C. E. Broughton, Ontario
Marketing Board,- and a, practical
grower •himself• "Actual conditions; .
•however, were anything Mut rens-
seeing," he continued, , `so there
should remain, in the minds of po-
tato glowers, just •two thoughts
namely, benefit from experience, and
intelligently plan for the 1932 crap."
On being asked for his opinion in
this ebnnectio'r Mr. Broughton on r•e-
1
plied: "Potatoes require a soil haw-
ing a high content of humus, and one
that is eieh in plant food. Acreage
should be held 'at a normal figure,
By a normal figure 1 mean that the
amount of acreage set aside for the
plowing of potatoes, should be limit-
ed by the amount of soil pre-eminenta
ly suited to producing this particular
type of crop."
Mr, Broughton ' further painted
cut the wisdom of ,using only the
best seed procurable and, for this
purpose, he suggested the use of
certified seed, exclusively. He also
advocated seed treatment as a pre-
ventative of scab, rhiznotonlia, and
black leg. Then so far as proper
cure of the, potato Mop is concerned.
the two main points are good cul-
tivation, and insuring the crop a-
gainst insects and late blight, by
efficient spraying. Finally, he sug-
gested that it is easier to peek a good
grade of potato from maximum
yields, than from minimum yields.
and most inlpnrtant, the surest way
to cut the cost 'of production is to
increase the yield per acre.
Concluding the interview, Mi•.
Boughton said. "Grading of pota-
toes. has made wonderful progress
in Ontario during the past three
years, and it is now possible to get
supplies tor .this product properly
graded and in excellent condition.
Consequently the trade has not fount'
it necessary to ,import 'potatoes to
answer their requirements for n
high -Mass product this winter."
The (Me of Fertilizers
The primary function cf a fertili-
zer ie to furnish plant food in forms
which are immediately available, ne
which may readily become so, in the
soil
One of the main factors in de-
ternrining strop yields is the amount
of plant food 'available in the soil
When this is net sufficient fo
t
good growth it must be supplement•
ed if maximum yields are to be ob-
tained.
The several factors which may pro-
foundly affect the results obtained
iron applying fertilizer Menude the
character cftits sail. il, drainage' and
methods c'f woricing the soil, and the
chrraoter of the season in respect to
rainfall, temperature, etc.
In considering the use of con'-
menial fertilizers one must keep in
mind the necessity of maintaining
nrganie natter in the soil as sup -
lied by manure. The principal vaI-
ue in the use of fertilizer is that it
'Permits a more ecotto'mical and bet-
ter disteiibutiott, of farm manure: One
is a necessary suppleuzeot to the
other, and for most soils they work
together to produce the best results.
'Alfalfa Acreage Increases
Alfalfa new stands sixth in area
among all field crops grown: in the
Pi-ovinco of Ontario .anti occupies a-
bout '350,000 acres. The
great increase in this crop during the
last twenty years has been dueto.
the development of needy strains ti
long with the outstanding merits of
Alfalfa as a forage crop. Being a
hardy deep rooted perennial legume
Alfalfa improves the texture of the
soil, adds Menus and aids in the
storing of nitrates. It begins to grow
early in .Spring, helps to control
weeds and remains green throughout
the season. The yield is greater
than from Iced Clover and. Timothy
and the hay has a much,pigher• feed-
ing value. The marked' Increase ir.
the Alfalfa acreage during reeent
•
years ;s one of the ,best reasons f
further) oxpaesien. The 'total are
devoted to hay and pasture in On
tario amounts to 'about six inillio
acres. There 'was a fine Drop o
Alfalfa seed in this Province la
year and it is now available
reasonable prices. It offers a aple
didopportunityto increase the acre-
age of this moat valuable crop.
RP
`C [E CLIgTON NEWS -RECORD
THURS., MARCH ,10, 1e32 -
:NIN
J'
INTEAI
by the foliowi rg,-figures which were
obtained over a period of eight
years. . In 1923 there was only 3,7
hens with prc'ductign from 150 'to 225
eggs in their pullet year, with an'
76.6.
avera e
g of1 In 1930, 110 hens
lead a production from 200 to 312 eggs
and an .average of 232.2 eggs. Only
those birds, which have produced
that number of 24 ounce, eggs are us-
ed for breeding, and this has reflect-
ed greatly on the quantity and qual-
Or icy toe eggs produced by the whole
a flock. The average production of
the 300 otullets 'kept, at this Station
n during the six winter months of
f 1923-24 was 32.3 eggs per pullet
st I while during the winter 1930-31, they
at.I averaged 104.7 eggs per pullet. •
n- •_
BLACK .KNOT OF PLUMS.
This disease is manifested by the
formation of gall -like swellings on
the "twigs and larger branches of
plums and cherries. The galls, which
appear first in April and ltd'ay, are
yellowish in coi6ur but later they
become dark green due to the devel-
opment of the fungus en the surface.
During the fall and winter, ]mots be-
come dark in colour and hard in tex-
ture.
Investigations of this -disease con-
ducted by the Laboratory of Plant
Pathology, Sit. Catharines, 'of the
Division of Botany, Experimental
Farms 'Branch, have shown the fol-
lcnting measures to be effective in
controlling black knot.
(1), The surgical treatment of af-
fected parts an eNestial in control.
In this type of treatment
several
features should be kept in mind: (a)
that the fungus is perennial in dis,
.eased branches. (b) that ene crop
of fungous spores (the means by
which the disease spreads) matures
when the young knots turn green in
edam; (c) that a second crop of
spores matures very early in the
spring on old black knots. There -
fere, all knots, should be pruned out
in February or March. Branches
should be cut several inches below
the visible swelling. All pruuings
should be collected and burned be-
cause it has been proved that the
spores 'ef the Tungus ripen an the
brush pile if allowed so remain there,
A. second inspection should be made
in the fall and any new knots that
have formed during the summer
sheuld be eat out.
(2) Spraying to prevent new in-
fections.
Spraying is necessary • in addition
to pruning in 'order to get 'best re-
sults. We would suggest that the
first application, consisting of lime
sulphur (1:15) ;be made in March and
April, just before the buds swell, A
Second application consisting of lime
sulphur (1:40) should be made ir
May before the young knots become
green in colour.
The cutting out tie affected' wild
cherries or plums adjacent to culti-
vated crcharcis is also an essential
control measure.
• Controlling Black Root
Boot -rot or Mack root is a fairly
cotiunost disease of strawberry plants.
Apparently Pleats of any age may be
attacked but they are most suscept-
ible at two pericds, shortly after be-
ing set out andat fruiting tome. In
some patches little or no evidence of
the disease can -be found, while in
others 50 per cent. or even 70 per
cent. of the plants are destroyed.
The principal control measures
which have been found useful are:
1: Practise a fairly long crop
rotation. Strawberries should not
follow a similar crop in less than
five years, if possible.
•
2. Avoid introducing the disease.
When setting out a patch secure
plants from a field which was free
from root -rot the previous year. Then
discard from these any plants which
have blackened roots.
3. Protect the plants during the
winter by means of a suitable mulch.
As soon as the ground becomes frozen
hard cover the rows with two or
three inches of clean straw.
Facts About Eggs
Thea tons of grain will produce 18
dozed of eggs. Seld as grain at a
price of $1 per cwt. it would be worth
$40. Sold as eggs at 25e per been
it would be oworth 3120.
An egg is 66 per cent. water, 13
per cent. protein, 10 per cent. fat
and 11 per cent, litre or ash.
In an egg 60 per cent is white, 30
per cent. yolk and 10 per cent. shell.
The best eggs 'of the year ere
those laicl in the months of April
May and June.
An egg eaten between September
and March is. worth more to the
average person in a northern clime
than rare eaten between April and
Anguli,
fine egg is aptly termed "bottled
sunshine." It is rich in proteins, vit,
amine and ntinel•nls.
Of the five vitamins the egg sup-
plies vitamin A; B, I), and E. It is
particularly rich in D., the sunshine
vitamin.
Bacon -Type Boar i'oicy
The announcement of the Bacon -
type Baan Policy introduced at Ot-
Iowa, is of special interest to farm-
ers at this time when the popular
trend in farm :operation is toward
increased production of livestock,
particularly ]togs,' Under this pol-
icy the federal Department under-
takes to purchase boars of suitable
type for breeding purposes for far -
mem' Clubs of ten or more mcntbers,
each awning a brand sow. jay ar-
rangement with provincial govern-
ments hcnuses are to be paid to clubs
en production of set'vice records, the
arnnunt being 820 in the ease of a
XXX Advanced Iteristered Roar be-
ing and d S15 where
a�C'
X I� Ap-
proved
•p-proved Boar is used. Complete in-
fcrmation as to 'how to secure the
benefit of the new policy can .'be cb-
Mined by application to your local
agricultural representative, to the
nearest federal swine inspector for.
your district„ or to the Department
at Ottawa.
BREEDING FOR EGG PRODUC-
TION AND SIZE
The selection of the breeding
stock on the biksis of production is
prcbabiy the greatest single factor in
increasing the production of the in-
dividual 'birds and, consequently, the
average of the entire ;(look.
At the Dominion Experimental
Station, T{apuskasitig, Ontario, the
exact egg production .of each indiv-
idual hen is obtained threugh the
medium of the traprrest. This, to.
gether with the individuality and
general type of the, birds is used as
the basis for utility selection. By
this method, only those birds wltith.
have pedigrees showing: high'pradtic
tion df good sized eggs and are also
of desirable type are need for breed-
ing ttiuposee. Particular attention
is given to the selection of the melee
used, and those whose sisters and
daughters prove to be high producers
'are,retaineed and used for a number
of years.
The results of this simple method
of'selectien are very well illustrated
COST OF REARING BROILERS
With the prevailing loco prices of
feeds there is the prospect of a fair
margin of profit for •market poultry
and the outlook for the spring
broiler trade appears to be premis-
ing.
All male chicks from the early
hatches that aye not intended for
breeding stock should be separated
from the pullets as seen as the sex
can be determined. If intended for
good and profiteb,e broilers they
should not be neglected. The young
male needs the same careful atten-
tion
and go dfootling
i
in its early de-
velopment as the prospective laying
pullet. Any neglect at the start will
result in a stunted and unprofitable
bird.
The yomrg male intended for mar"'
ket as
broilers require a good "s
ta
rt-
er"
feed for the first sic weeks, in-
suring a well-developed frame acid a
constitution that will stand the last
two or three weeks' necessary heavy
feeding to finish the broiler for the
top grade. Sturdy healthy males of
the heavy breeds should weigh about
tine pound each at six weeks and may
then be worked onto a developing
and finishing ration consisting, of
three. parts ground corn, twe parts
middlings, one quart ground eats
(without hulls) and ten per cent meat
scraps, plus all the OUT skimmed
milk they will drink and an abun-
dance of green feed. If available,
green alfalfa is the best.
The broilers may be crate fed for
the last week, but will "finish" well
.if confined to small grass pens. At
this stage a moist mash should be
fed twice daily. The proportion of.
ground corn in the ration s'h'ould be
gradpally increased to two-thirds of
the whole moistened mash with sour
skimmedmilk or buttermilk. No
whole grain should be fed: Five or
six pound's of grain plus milk end
green feed will produce a tworpound
broiler,
Fifty percent or ever of the early
hatches aro finales. Usually there is
good demand at afair price for the
early product if carefully. prepared.''
There is, always a, PIM ;of the late
batched. The cost of eggs and inch-
batten has been incurred in 'producing
the pullet.. Turn the surplus 'nudes'
to the best advantage.
ONTARIO
0
RB
EAS
-The Land off Legumes
(From Local Agricultural Office)
Ontario is a land of legumes. In
ne• part of the American Continent
can legumes be more successfully
g'r}owo than in this Province. Have
;',e made the greatest use of the op-
portunities provided ns for growing
these crops?
Legunnes furnish a large percen-
tage oe the protein supply in stock
feeds.
Legumes furnish •a large amount of
the nitrogen supply in soil fertiliza-
tion.
'Legumes improve the texture of
the soil and 'help to nmaice its fertil-
ity available.
The large am'o'unt of 'good hardy
Alfalfa seed available this year at a
comparatively low price will mean a
considerable increase in the already
large alfalfa acreage and an inereas-
ed quantity of alfalfa seed sown in
mixtures. The addition of alfalfa to
the legumes and grasses in the list'
and pasture mixtures will result in
two, very necessary things for the
stock man --a greater yield of hay er
pasture per acre and a better quality
of hay and pasture. Alfalfa is no'
more difficult to grow 'successfully
than many of the other leguminous
plants. General reoommen-
dations for those who will soft' Alf-
alfa for the first time this year foI-
lows:
1,ow
S seed of the Ontario Varie-
gated variety.
2. Sow 18 to 20 lbs. of seed per
acre when alfalfa is to be grown a-
lone.
3. Sow 4 to 10 lbs. of alfalfa seed
in mixtures.
4. Sow seed on reasonably well
drained land.
6. If grown 'on land for the first
time have seed inoculated with the
proper bacteria.
6. Clay loams and well drained
heavy clay soils are well adapted for
growing alfalfa. It is not possible
to grow alfalfa successfully on par-
ieeeVeeeoarefUteneaelepes.,Ifteau.atfteseeeseaa
titularly acid soils..
7.
Sow seed on a well prepared
seed bed. The smaller the seed' sown
the finer should be the ,seed bed—
.Alfalfa is a small seed:
8. Alfalfa seed can besuccessful,
ly sown ill early spring with a nurse
crop of barley or oats: or on 'winter
wheat following a late snow fall in
early spring. The tia,elting snow will
carry the ,seed' into the; ground and
usually no after cultivation is nee-
essary.
9. Alfalfa cat :.be ' successfully
sawn on laud which has ;been well
cultivated up to about July 15212, If
Sown in July it ehculd be remember -
evil that soil at this time of year usu-
ally contains a minimum of moisture
and germination will be helped if
seeding follows a shower of rain.
10. Alfalfa should not be pastured
or cut for hay the same year in which
it is seeded. It should not be pastur-
ed late in the autumn or too early in
the Spring in any year:
Ontario is admirably well suited
for growing red clover, paeticularly
of the common Red Clover type.
Experiments at the Ontario Agricul-
tural College, where different var-
ieties and strains .of red clover from
many eatnrtries of the world have
been tested, show that Ontario itself
can produce seed which is the equal
of that from any other source. Good
Ontario seed is plentiful and com-
paratively cheap this year. Hay
mixtures, (and, red clover is almost
always entirely sown in mixtures
will be improved in quality and
yields increased if a liberal amount
of red clover seed is sown.
Alsike clover and both Biennial
White ,and Biennial Yellow sweet
clever have a definite place in On -
tam. Alsike is particularly well
adapted for sowing on low land
where the, drainage is not good e-
nough to grow other leguminous
craps successfully. Alsike, being a
perennial, adds to the pasture value
of mixtures left down for a number
of years. Alsike, unless grown for j
Seed pi'oducti�o•n, is usually sown in P.' 44 l��n Sockeye for:.
mixtures, when from 2 to 4'. pounds
of seed is used per epee. 'Biennial,
White Sweet Clover and Biennial
Yellow 'Sweet Clover are well adapt-
ed for sowing on the lighter types
of soil.' Lt is wise, if at all possible,
to sow scarified see 1 of 'Sw t Cl
err as ,this treatment largely does a-
way with the danger of the Sweet
Clover volunteering in crops' which
follow. About 20 pounds of 'sw'ee't
clover should be sown per acro when
the crop isrewn alone. The method
od
'of, seeding is the same as that d'es.
Bribed for alfalfa.
Carmine New r'
Venture,
Trying a new venture last year,.
with apparently satisfactory results,:
one of the salmon canneries on the.
Fraser River in British Columbia
skinned part of the .'sockeye catch
before putting the fish .theough the
canning process and reported ob-
taining a price premium for the pro-
duct.
Selena are ordinarily' canned with,
Hoff ShIpmenits out removal of, the skins and the ad=
vantage obtained b th
n y o cannery
which has •been exerimenting with
the use of, skinned' fish is said to
lie in an added attractiveness in the
appearance of the finished pro'duot,
The skinning process, as outlined
to officers 02 the Dominion Depart-
ment of Fisheries by the manager
,of the cannery, is nos difficult or
complicated, and is estimated to cost
abi2ut three cents per fish. It is car-
ried out by hand workers with the
use of a knife • and a wooden clamp
tool, which consists of two pieces a -
Pout three -.quarters !af an inch square •
fastened together at one end by a
light metal bolt and rounded at the
other end to fit the hand. After
'a cut has been made. in the skin of
the fish, near the tail, the clamp is
attached and rolled toward the 'head.
As it is moved along, it peels toff a
strip of the skin in each operation.
After the fish has been cut into
pieces of suitable size and packed in
cans, the containers are sealed and
the cooking process is carried out in
the usual way.
Simply a point of incidental inter-
est, it may be noted that sockeye
skins weigh several ounces each,
For example, ten skins weighed this •
summer averaged a little more than
a third of a pound each.
Report of Hog Shipments for the
month ending January 31st, 1932:
Clinton—Total hogs, 508; select
bacon, 203; bacon, 249; butchers, 34;
heavies, 14; lights and: feeders, 1.
Apburn—Total hogs, 403; select
bacon, 105; bacon, 250; butchers, 36;
heavies, 9; lights and feeders, 2.
Eensall—Total hogs, 430; select
baconr, 145. bacon, 258; butchers, 25;
heavies, 6; lights end feeders, 1.
Huron Co. Loral—Total hogs,
2277; select bacon, 602; bacon, 1403;
butchers, 189; heavies, 56; lights and
feeders, 13.
Huron County Tottal hogs, 6274;
select bacon, 1666; bacon, 3862; but-
chers, 538; heavies, 132.; lights and
feeders, 36.
Ponce's Famous
Fountain
Few Canadians realize .that it was
to the British West Indies, "Canada's
neighboring winter garden and win-
ter ,playground," that the King of
Spain sent Ponce de Leon in 1512 to
search for the fabled Fountain of
Youth. It was supposed to be locat-
ed on the Island of Bimini, one of
the 3,000 coral islands which mane Whatever you buy—let the adver-
up the Bahamas group. tisements be you guide,
•
Two parsons—so the story goes—
attending a conference, had beds in
the same room. One was a young
man; the other was old. They began
their devotions simultaneously, but
the older man was off bis knees and
into bed in a twinkling. The young-
er.rnan's prayer was long. When he
rose, he felt called on to chide the
older man an for taw brevity of his
prayer. The old man's reply was
both blunt and rebuking --"I keep
prayed up, young man. I keep pray-
ed up!"
There's apnint in h
rs at
ar
t
for
those who employ advertising to sell
their goods and service. It is, Keep
continual contact, by the agency of
published advertising, with those
front whom you want business.
Many sellers lapse. into, long per-
iods of silence. Then, when business
is bad, they may burst into adver-
tising', hoping that there will be im-
mediate and earnest attention on
the part of those addressed.
Buyers are attentive and respon-
sive to , those who maintain steady
contact with them—via published ad-
vertising, To them they are friend -
1Y. When in the' market for what
the seller offers, to him they turn
easily, expectantly, confidently and
responsively.
The advertieing which costs least
-because of a minimum of buyer re-
sis4auce and a nraxim1]s11 of goodwill
and responsiveness -is that which M
published continuously, tContrariwise
the advertising which costs most is
that which •boasts into sight suddenly
and interipitently--like the fires . of
Vesuvius. It costs most because it
doesn't get the required response, in
the ate lrnib set,
' There's another little story about
prayer—a story with a ,point, A
small
boy told his
Sunday daY School
teacher that he never said his pray-
ers in the morning, but always at
fright. "And why not in the morn-
ing?" asked the teacher, "Why",
said the shall boy, "any fellow who's
any goad can look after himself in
the day tune,"
Plant' sellers are very much like
this small boy; many are worse.
Marty advertise only when darkness
begins to fall over their business,
Many don't advertise at a11.
• The right idea is, of muse, to keep
on distributing among buYers in-
formation about •one's goods and
wantsaaat all times. Thus do the
leaders.
SILENCE
SIGNIFIES
SELLER -INDIFFERENCE
BUYERS; IN GREATEST NUM-
BERS, GO WHERE THEY ARE
INVITED TO 'GO.
FolniaelesieMeaoeleotilleaseestseneleegovelbeene
F
r