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HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 1944-12-28, Page 8PAGE g E DEC. 28th, 1944 Inter -Tram Cornrnunjcatio • 1atest Electrical Feature' , A icinefaIt need fora meanie 'of ,00m•munication between trains whether moving or etaading, and be- wden tra1s arid waySiderstations is belieVecl to h4Ve 'beeri net in the train telephone system used on the • , Belvidere branch of the Pennsyl•s vania railroad. , Sirfoa• the darliest days of experi- , mentation with radio, a recent issue • of Railway Age points out the •rail- roads and manufacturers of electri- cal equipmeift have been attempting to solve The problem of providing reliable, communication on and be- tween railroad' trains and wayside etations. • This innovation is the lates't of a long lit c,f improverneats developed by the railroads in cooperation with • , various electrical manufacturers to expedite train movements and af- ford better service for the public. Discoveries and developments in the field of electronics have •been utilized by the railroads in numerous was, and constant research is un- der way to find means of further increasing the efficiency of railroad Eper a tions . Among more recent con- tributions in the field of electrical and electronic developments are cen- tralized traffic control, dragging equipment detectors, cab signals, radio -telephone tugboat dispatching, telephone announcing systems in yards and stations, yard engine tele- phone systems, rnagnaflux method • of examination of axles for cracks, Sperry apparatus - ctor detecting flaws in rails, and the like. Clean Thoroughly Behr—, Disinfecting the Barn Thorough cleaning should always precede the application of disinfec- tants in treating barns, is the rec- ommendation of veterinarians. Moistening of the litter and wood- work and then the removal of all litter is recommended. The walls and ceiling should be thoroughly brushed to remove cobwebs, old whitewash, andsany other objection- able materials. Then remove all manure and about four inches of top- soil in barns with dirt floors. Follow- ing this, clean soil should be sub- stituted for that which has been removed. Disinfectants should be applied in hot solutions, preferably with a spray pump. The force of this spray will apply the' disinfectant into all cracks and crevices. Some livestock men like to mix fresh water, slacked with lime, with the disinfectant as it helps in keeping check on the dis- infected areas. One pound of lye to 20 ,gallons of water for genehal barn disinfection is recommended. It should be re- membered,however, that caustic lye is a poison, and that the worker should avoid,breathing in or getting the fine lye dust into the eyes. Calcium Builds Teeth Ninety-nine per cent of the calcium in the body is used in building and repairing the bones and teeth. The •one per cent does special jobs in the blood and nerves for the body's health and efficiency'. Homeheakeks should include as much milk and milk products in :daily meals as wartime condithins permit, and should waste none. While milk is the number one source of calcium and no other food is nearly so rich in it, greens from the garden are a pretty. good number two sourc. Greens that yield good calcium returns include loose -leaved varieties bfgreen cabbage and green lettuce, mustard and turnip. greens, broccoli, collards and kale. Head lettuce and head cabbage have rela- tively little of thi6 mineral. Dried beans, soybeans, eggs and molasses do their part toward the calcium supply. Soldiers, Are Versed in , ManyTypes of Pamtmi wheri goldierer tritinedIat The' quar termaster painting • sehopl of the army at Camp Lee, •Va., .,return ti civilian Weer they'ewill' be equippet With "a new aptitude for • employ ment. In addition to general in struction in paintiiy, a considerabh .ernoent of signs and general paint ing was taught and practiced whin the painting. course was in progres1 CUmp Lee. A report from ffie school stated,: "They've painted thousands oi signs—street labels, traffic warning signals, regimental regulating signs , mess, platoon and other buildingla. bels, as well as hundreds of d e sk signs for use in offices and orderly reome. They've made countless bre sit military training aids in posters for visual instruction and many gen. eral morale posters. They've done everything from painting an occa- sional sign on the side of a truck in the Motor trait -ling school to re- finishieg furniture and other jobs in coordination with the, carpenters school. Countless offices in camps have been painted and decorated by trainees in painting school, and the rows of buildings used by the baking school were painted both inside and out." The army training in painting pro- gram contemplated assignment of the soldier -painters, after completion of their instruction at Camp Lee, to an army camp, post, or station in this country, or to a unit in the com- bat zone. Many painters are needed n quartermaster bases and depots in the theater of operations imme- diately beck of the front lines. Seed Flat Useful in Garden During Summer A seed flat is useful in the garderi Levitats finds. throughout the year. In hot, dry "In the nature of things, the 18th summer weather it is often very century trend toward emancipation difficult to obtain good germination resulted in a general curtailment of from seeds of lettuce, endive, kohl- self-government. Specifically, the rabi, and some others sown in the enlightened absolutism of Joseph II garden. of Austria and the motto of 'Lib - This is as difficult in rainy weath- erty, Equality, Fraternity' promul- er as in dry, when the soil is some- gated by the French Revolution pre - what heavy; because rains compact supposed a gradual renunciation by the soil over the seed, the heat the Jews of their institutions of self - bakes it, and the seed sprouts can- rule; and so it was in practice. In not emerge. the wake of actual Jewish emanci- But. a seed flat can be filled with pation in the West during the 19th sandy loam, placed in a shady spot, century, Jewish identity dwindled and easily kept moist, so that seeds down to a mere religious differen- will germinate as easily as in the tiation." spring. By allowing the plants to reach a good size in the flat, they can usually be transplanted to the garden with small loss, and your second and third crops proceed to gron on schedule. Many gardeners feel that it is easier to transplant lettuce and en- dive from a flat to the garden. row, than it is to thin out the row, when the seed is sown in the open. By sowing your flat a week or two be- fore the previous crop is exhausted Find irradiated.Yeait ' Report Trea4aant of Gas• .g, sniall'ain. 'butit:"Of irala-djaWtea-y2eeLse . JI:i• Gnainsnagoafra:;nseeTWo it rnliy be• '• Ise appears •to'speed up the, growth "of r`"' is repOrted in the Journal of the pigs 4n> winter, ,If irradiated yeast American Medical Association. The continues to give as gofitieresulte as authors say , that it was reCently if has in the limited work slorie with etateclahat penicillin, experimental - it at the University of Wisconsin, ly, is a potent agent iii as bacillus then it rriaa bearane a "must" In infections, but up to thattbne . ere winter• hog production. 'Ineone `of the experiments •for e'''' The importance of had been no studies of human cases. ample, pigs q.hat received 4 ounces the rePort is emphasized by the fact that althdugh et irradiated yeast in each toil ef• gas gangrene is a comparatively feed, and had the run of the cow rare nfecficn in civilian life, it it yard, out -distanced all others. They a. serious menace, in military opera - pounds average `daily gains of 1,51 • titans. The mortality rate in civilian pouads per head and required any cases has been estimated at 49.7 per 375 pounds of feed to prOduce ' eae 1 cent eshile. the death rete from the 100 pounds a perk: infection in the American Expedi- In the same trial, pigs getting . tionary forces in France in the last irradiated yeast as the only vitamin i• war was 48.52 per cent. supplement came in second, making Three California physicians report slightly faster and more etionernieal that, "We observed a severe gas in. gains than those whose vitamin eup- fection in a seven-year-pld girl..After plement was Cow manure only. - all routine measures, including se - The effect of irradiated yeast is rums, sulfonamides and amputation, ascribed to its vitamin' la content had failed, penicillin was provided since the type used assays $4,000,000 in sufficient quantities to treat sue - U. S. P. units of this factor to the cessfully the patient, whose Outlook pound, and since it contributes only seemed hopeless. The isolation of traces of the B vitamins when used our mountain hospital made it un - at the ,level, of only four ounces tO prepared and unequipped to furnish . un - the tonof feed. Jews Enjoyed Autonomsr From Ancient Times From very ancient times Jews in every land have enjoyed autonomy to a wider or narrower degree, says Dr. Isaac Levitats in a study pub- lished by the Columbia University Press. "Autonomy reached its height dur- ing the Middle Ages, when, M the absence of a law equalizing the citi- zens of the state, it became neces- sary to invest each group with legal corporate rights of its own," Dr. no time is lost. Griddle Cakes One of the commonest faults in griddle cake making is over -mixing. H griddle cakes or pancakes have been rather heavy ancrsoggy, stir only until the ingredients are well blended. Further mixing gives a tough cake. Griddle' cakes can be made with either sweet milk or sour milk. The sweet milk ones are usually thinner and more, moist, while• buttermilk or sour milk gives the light, fluffk, tender type gener- ally preferred. As for the baking, the griddle should be ht. Heat the griddle or heavy iron skillet slowly, so that the heat will penetrate evenly. Above all, turn the cakes only once and at the proper time in order to give them a professional look. If they are terned too soon, the batter will .spread from underneath the brown top and give , a ragged edge. If • tuned too late, the bottom will be pitted and the cakes will brown Judging ,Distance poorly. Watch for the moment when How do the eyes judge the size the cake is brown on the underside and the distance of objects? ,Chiefly and puffed and lightly set, but not by the size of the tiny Picture made pitted on top. Serve as soon as they 'on the retina of the eyes. The big- come from the griddle. When cakes ger the object, the bigger the image. are stacked, the ones op the bottetn Move the object away, and • the get steamed and soggy. retinal image is smaller. Also help- ' ful in judging size and distance is - the feeling of the ciliary muscle in Benedictine Liqueur contracting the lens, and the pres- "Benedictine," the fatuous aro- sure of the external muscles in ad- matic liqueur, takes its name from justing the eye. t B di Frozen Beans Homemakers can add a nutritious and teaditional American dish to their menus by using the new frozen baked beans. The method of cooking the beans varies slightly, of course, with the different brands. -Some of them have molasses added and others are packed hi tomato sauce. All of them have been cooked thoroughly and just need to be heated. The frozen beans may be put in a sauce pan with. two tablespoons of water and heated about 15 minutes ontopof thestove, be served in the traditional man- ner—a piping hot bean pot just out of the oven. Molasses, chili sauce, mustard, onion or a slice of bacon may be added while heating to im- prove the flavor. Don't thaw the beans before cook- ing. If they thaw don't try to re - freeze them, but use them at once. They are at their best in flavor and • texture when kept frozen right up to the cooking time. Fancy Names A recent collection of birth cer- tificates filed with the Georgia de- j partment of public health revealed such names as Sunset and Icie Riv- ers; reference to cash in such names as Good Price, Honest Price and Major Sales; geographical contribu- tions like Georgia Possum, Asia Minor, Whose Cracker, China Rice, and some twins named Utah and Arizotia Reynolds. The hope for the future was expressed in such names as Wash Saturday, Buster Good, and Be 'Careful McGee, Especially to be noted were ,Perty Smart, Love Session, Wash Fountain, Rather Bigg, Spanish Dentist, Hansome Mann, Virginia Haile and Aborn Sar- gent. Perhaps a ro an ic touch is conveyed in Late Night Mann and PIetteant Feelings. exhaustive laboratory studies. The clinical significance of our, obser- vation, however, remains important enough to justify more investigations of this treatment." The girl was found lying on the porch of her horne with a fractured • left forearm, in the middle of which was a bleeding puncture wound. She was immediately taken to the hos- pital and sulfathiazole powder was sprinkled on the wound which was sterile dressed. Four days later gas gangrene had developed to the point where amputation was necessary but there continued to be little improve- ment. On the seventh day after the accident penicillin treatment was started and exactly one month after the accident the girl was sent home. . • Plan to Deve op nlazon A8 Communication Artery • The mighty Amazon river valley, now pouring a vast wealth of rub- ber, quinine, fibers, woods, ranterals and Other tropical products into the united war (effort of the Allies, may soon play another vine" role in the development of the South American republics. Brazil,Venezuela Colombia, p Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, the six nations bordering on the huge river and its tributaries, are taking con- certed action to solve their mutual problems and convert the Amason into one of the great Pan-American arteries of the future. Use of the great inland waterway as a h'nk between South America's virtually unexplored and unknown interior and the sea, and as a means of bringing out inexhaustible natural resources, has a precedent which goes back' four centuries. More than 400 years ago, a century before the Pilgrims landed in North America and 264 years before Lewis and Clark penetrated into the Pacific Northwest, the Amazon served as the route for the first tratscontinent- al crossing of America when Fran- cisco Orellanaled h' hardy followers from this 'city to the At- lantic and thence to their native Spain. Shorter than the Mississippi -Mis- souri system or the Nile, the Ama- zon is nevertheless the greatest riv- er in the world in point of volume, and with its tributaries forms the largest river network on earth. Along its surface ocean steamers may soon beat their way 2,000 miles into the heart of the continent, bring- ing with them the products of civili- ation and carrying out the rich natural treasures of the region. oung oo s etter For Best Freezing In choosing fruits and vegetable: for freezing, pick varieties' which • give a frozen' product of high qual-• . , tty. Remember that tough mature products are not desirable. 'Meats and poultry should be young and ten- • der. Slightly immature vegetables are much better than those tvhich are old and starchy. Immediately after harvest, pre- • pare vegetables and fruits for freez- ing. If this cannot be done, store • in a refrigerator. Sort, clean and wash vegetables and fruits in cold running. water or ice water. Scald vegetables for the proper period. Make certain that the temperature of the scalding medium (boiling water or steam) is at least 210 de- grees Fahrenheit. Chill vegetables to 50 degrees Fahrenheit, using an ample supply of cold running water or water containing ice. DraM and package immediately in a moisture -vapor -proof package, taking care to fill each completely. Immediately place in the freezer or —if this is not possible—in a refrig- erator, then transfer to the freezer without allowing the product to warm up. When freezing allow am- ple space in the freezer for air cir- ciliation around each package. Store at 0 degree Fahrenheit or below. • Interceptors Aid in Conserving Waste Grease • The war with its tremendous need for grease has focused attention on the service performed by the thou- sands of grease interceptors in be- tels, restaurants, schools, hospitals, . and other establishments whete large quantities of food are served. The use of an interceptor offers the most convenient and effortless When Buying Clothes, way to save the grease which is such Buy Them Big Enough an essential raw material for the When buying clothes, buy the • big enough, It's better to buy Uses Old Engine to dress a size larger and have it a Split Wood for Seasoning terAned_to fit trimly and comfortabl Any article of clothing should With an old gasoline engine re- loose from the waist up. It shou built into a wood -splitting machine, fit comfortably, not plaster tight. a Wisconsin farmer took the back- Clothes should not pull- against the ache out of getting next winter's chest, the diaphragm, or the back. wood Supply ready for seasoning. Money spent on expertly fitted The state extension forester urged clothes is not wasted. farmers throughout Wisconsin to Drooping hem lines, sagging take a tip from the inventor who seams, pull across the middle, or solved his winter wood -splitting job hanging off shoulder seams can't by revamping an old three horse- make a well-groomed appearance. power gasoline engine into a split- What about our skirt length? ting machine. •Straight skirts should be longer be - First he removed the cylinder cause without fullness they nature head from his old engine. To form ly pull up when you sit down manufacture f o munitions antisep- m tics and surgical dressings. a Americans on an average use 56 1- pounds of grease and oil per person, 7. per year, in preparing food. An - be other 28- pounds, per person, per Id year, is used in the manufacture of soap, cosmetics, and medicines. From 10 to 15 per cent of this total finds its way into the drain lines and sewers. The use ed inter- ceptors permits the saving of virtu- ally all the grease that goes down the drain because the best of mod- ern grease interceptors are so ef- ficient that they will trap and hold about 93 per cent of the grease in the draM veater. • a wedge he welded two sheaths of then knees aren't pretty. Gored truck spring onto the end of the pis- skirts can be shorter because of the ton and bolted an extra large wheel extra fullness. on one flywheel to which he applied Good posture along with well -fitted a belt from- a one-half horsepower clothes can do a great deal to im- electric motor. The motor, the old prove our looks. engine, and a base -block 17'inches from the front bf the cylinder was securely bolted to a heavy plank, Keep Barn Dry This was mounted on a light four-, Keep the dairy barn "dry behind wheeled chassis so that it could be the eaves," suggests Prof. A. M. easily moved about the farm yard. Goodman of the New York State col - The blocks of wood are split as lege of agriculture,"in order to pro - they rest against the base block at tect the health of the animals, and one end. The wedge is forced into to prevent decay and rotting of the each block by the forward motion of barn structure itself." the piston from the power applied Every cow breathes out about five by the motor. quarts of water every 24 hours, he points out, and this water condenses on the beams, ceilings, and even on Water Buffalo the roof and in the hay overhead. The water buffalo, says the Na- Ventilation through doors and win tional Geographic society, is found dows does not carry off much of in many regions of the world, but the water or else chills the cows. only in India does it exist in the A real ventilation system is neces truly wild state. It wanders through sary for most dairy barns. the swamps and jungles at the foot Cost of new stable ceilings and of the Himalayas, in the Ganges beams, and hay lost through mold - Delta, in the Central Provinces, and ing, can be saved by a ventilation to some extent It is found in the system, says Professor Goodman ungles of western Assam. Ventilation also helps prevent rust - Domesticated, it has proved to be ing of metal roofs and of nails that a valuable "worker" in Italy, Tur- hold the roof tight. key, hi the fertile valleys of the Nile, and in the marshlands of Hun- gary and Crimea. It is practically Take Up Space indispensable hi the flooded rice Since only the seed of garden peas fields of the Orient where horses or are used, the food yield is small compared to the space they take. mules are seldom used for agricul- tural purposes. • They are a cool weather crop, Millions of these animals are kept and do best hi sections where spring in India for their milk and meat. acmes so early that there is time Although slightly bluish, the milk for them to mature before ,hot is exceptionally rich and high in but- weather arrives; or in the northern terfat, tier of states where the summers are relatively cool. 'Everywhere ' the first sowing elf Infant Mortality peas should be made early as pos Switzerland had the lowest rate of sible, having in mind that the finer infant mortality in the world in 1942, varieties, which have wrinkled seed, ccording to the Statistical Year- may decay if the soil remains cold ook of the League of Nations for and damp too long after they are 1941.42. sown. Smooth seeded peas will not decay so easily, but they are not of Switzerland's rate was 38 per 1,000 in 1942, a decrease of 3 per 1,000 as high quality as the wrinkled since 1941. Second were the Neth- rlands, with a rate of 40 per 1,000, inds. Where spring comes late, and and the 'United States, also with a summer follows quickly, only one rete of 40. Both countries showed crop of peas is likely to be success - decreases since 1941. Rates of in- ful, and for this an early dwarf vari- ety should be grown. fent mortality in other countries for he ene etine order. It was the • • Distance and size ot objects also product of a -single Benedictizie ab- a are judged' dy referr)n tooth- bey, • F m• er objects. The size uf the moon, France, and was never made at g them eca le near Le Havre, for example, seems larger when Monte Cassino, Its history is ro- ' near the horizon than when over- mantic. In 1510 a monk who dab - head because it is seen corning over bled in chemistry produced the a house or tree, and appears large refreshing cordial. The monks in reference to such familiar ob- named it after the order, "Beeedic- jects. Optical illusions arise chiefly tine, D.O.M.(Deo Optima) Maximo from guide. lines and angles that. tr!011. —to God, most good, most great). far- the eye m its Juelguients. Although a commercial product today, it‘ keeps its old name. The alcoholic content is 52 per cent. The • Manganese Steel present distillery biiildings occt1py While the effect of hydrogen !s the grounds of the old abbey of aggerated in Most steels containing tain special man an t show it. This is attributed to a dif- When crude tomato seed oil is re- . e use o capstic soda,' t ,e .lattice mantes up .ne bleached ecolorize , the oil Is metal eiyetals-, In general, Where 'entirely 'suitable for eclibleTurpOses: they have the arrangement known . In, Italy the crude oil is used for as "face centeredt" more hydrogen soap making, the press being used • is dissolved than in the alternative for stock feed or fertilizer.' Johns • "body ceeteed" lattice. In, body and Gersdoff state that such press centered lattice, the atoms are ar- cake contains 37 per cent protein. ranged in cubes, one at each corner Rebak and 'Shradee, early listed an one at the en er. The center severalMethods for teparatin the • atom of each cube forms a corner of seeds froth skind'and other residue, • adjacent cubes, and so they inter- one being by suspending the waste , lock.. The face centered arrange- in several volumes of water and age- • rnent on the other hand has an t , t ,t' ; heSkiXis, ' lighter, ave an the center of each face of the a tendency to float while the seeds viabe,, and, there is no interkicking. and cores sink. ' evident in ordinary steel, it is ex- , fecarnp. Manganese. On the 'other Hand, cer•- Sun's Rays Rays of sunshine Which reach our eyes -sing -ere in „curves, because of the refrabtaVe effect of th'e /Amos- 'Phere. Since the air becomes denser towards the earth, its refractive in- dex grows and the curvature of a ' elf 'light increases US it moves downward through the atmosphere. Curvature of light rays in the at- • mosphere sometimes makes it pos- sible to "see ardtind corners." For example, because of atmospheric re- fraction, during an 'eelipse of the moon sometimes both ,the sun and the hbriziin at the Saine:tirriel .• ealiti6ed. Moon etie' sen l'abeat fereht, arrangement of'the moleculesfined byth Dominican Republic Soil of the Dominican Republic is very fertile. Abbut One-fifth of the land is cultivated, the rest is forest- ed, chiefly with pine and mahogany. Gr6Whig and processing stager cane is the biggest industry., Cocoa is second in export value. Output has been Increased tenfold since 1900. Other important exports are coffee, leaf tobacco, corn, and molasses, Side by aide on the same acreage cacao trees grow with corn. Bana• nas, coffee trees, and guava bushes thrive on, ,the eame., ground. Rice growing for home use is fostered 1942 were Onion of South Africa, 48; United Kingdom, 52; Canada, 54; • Germany, 68; France, 70; BellitunGreatest Bard -Ore Mass 78; Argentine, 84; Italy, 108; But: Described as "the greatest known garia, 127; Portugal, 132; Cyprus, aard-ore mass, and eau to equip, 185; and Chile, 195. levelop and mine," the 'Cave Peak, '3ratil, area contains an estimated t5 billion tons of ore. suitable for Healthy South • nigh grade steel. Beginning this year There are now 3,000,000 more end continuing for three years, an- outherners living in other sections S mal production of lee million tons than there are' natives nf other eec- if ore' will be divided between the tions living in the South. This elan Inited States and Great 13ritain. gration is more likely to increase than The peak is located in the center to diminish, for the South ,is More rolific, and at the same time health- if Minas Geraes and rises 4,500 feet if the iron region of the province re vi rta,1Thstaantistthices n tria t ei ao n fial atilvthernagg.e' if. be werburden of earth, and open pit tbove sea level. The peak has no 19 the Confederacy had a birth rate 14 40, the 11 States that comptised flitting, with drilling and blasting, Nell begin near the top. Two large per cent higher than the average for :lectric shovels, powered by General, illectric drives, will load the ore p the 'nation, and in the sense year, a death rateabout4% n oWer, °t° le than the average.' Southerners live luarters of a •aule down a fairly trucks which will carry it three -' and natiltiply.. ,• rceep road to the proceesine ;Ant. Solomons' Snakes The snakes of the Solomons are few. There are burrowing blind snakes with the eyes concealed be- neath the scales. Small boas that reach a length of about three feet, with strongly prehensile tails, are remote relatives of the American boa constrictors. A green tree snake and a black and yellow tree snake are widespread in the New Guinea region. All these snakes are quite harmless. There are three kinds of land snakes that are un- doubtedly poisonous, related by their fixed fangs to the front -fanged snakes of Australia. There is no record of any human being having been bitten by these snakes, and none of them are aggressive crea- tures. In such densely forested areas as the Solomons, snakes are usually found only by accident, or perhaps in jungle -clearing opera- tions like the preparation of an air- field. The sea snakes that come ashore to lay their eggs in the rock crevices at high tide level are dead- ly poisonous, but they are never known to bite anything 'except the eels on which they prey. Even if roughly handled by fishermen, then do not bite at all. Coannon Weed, Fleabaaoi, • and along roadsides. It is widely die, e M *Ti 1 Value • s a Erigeron cananclensis, known also as fleabane, horseweed or butter - weed. is a common weed, growing abundantly in fields, waste places tributed in the Old World, in South America, Canada and the northern and central sections of the United States. The size 'of this annual dee • pends upon the kind of soil on which it sprouts; it varies from a few inches to several feet. From June to November the weed produces nu- merous heads of small, inconspicu- ous, white flowers, followed by an abundance of seed. Because of their pronounced aroma, the. plants may become very troublesome on Pp- perrnint plantations, imparting to he distilled peppermint an objection able by -odor. Certain medicine" properties which oil of erigeron is supposed to possess have led to it application in pharmaceutical prep- arations. The producing regions are located: in northern Indiana and southern Michigan, with South Bend as the principal marketing center of the oi early consumption of the oil ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 pounds. The plants are not cultivated; they invade abandoned cornfields, and grow prolifically. Harvesting takes place during the flowering period in the latter part of July. The plants are simply mowed down with a wheat binder, allowed to dry for 24 hours, loaded on wagons or trucks and hauled to the distilleries. These are the same field distills eries which process peppermint, spearmint, wormwood, or tansy. Live steam generated in a separate • steam boiler is blown through the • herb material, -and the oil is collect- ed in a Florentine flask, The charge - per still consists of about 2,500 pounds of dried plants which yield from 8 to 10 pounds of oil. Several acres are required to make up one charge of herbs. Since the plants are naturally quite dry, distillation proceeds quickly, only 40 minutes. being required to complete exhaus- tion of each batch, Fig Tree a Parasite; Grows on Other's Limbs As city dwellers fig trees serve as ornamental shade trees. Left in their wild state, they become gnarled giants. Their bases are fre- quently used by the settlers as shel- ters for their animals. Almost all these trees, especially those of the- . scrub lands, begiriD their lives as • Heavy Fleece Ewes with heavy fleece produce just as good lambs as those with light fleece, and will add about $2.70 to the grower's revenue, says J. F. Wilson, professor of animal hus- bandry on the Davis campus of the University of California. Because wool is considered of secondary im- portance in the production of fat lambs, sheepmen tend to pay no at- tention to the fleece grown by the mothers. Disproving the theory that a heavy -fleeced ewe cannot raise a heavy lamb, Professor Wilson cites experiments which showed that Rambouillet ewes with'fleece weights of 13 and 14 pounds raised just as heavy lambs as others under. the same conditions whose fleece weights were but seven or eight pounds. With wool selling at 45 cents, this added profit, which is pro- duced without any extra %cost, makes a considerable increase in the total revel -Me from a band of sheep. Farm Income parasites, says the National Geo- graphic society. A tiny seed dropped into a shel- tered arm of another tree by a bird may germinate and send down long, rope -like roots to the ground. Wrap- ping its aerial roots firmly around the trunk of the tree, this uninvited "guest" grows into a tree by snuff- ing out the life of its host. The fig tree has often been called "strangler." A Florida legend leap it that skeletons of humans caught and strangled in the death grip of the tree have been found dangteg from the root "ropes." Cooking Odors When the house reeks of unpleaer- ant cooking odors, it's usually due to overcooking or cooking at too high temperature. Strong- flavored vegetables — the onion, the turnip, and members ofr the cabbage family—give off very lin tle odor if cooked until just tender, not soft and mushy. Boiling for a half hour or so breaks down the - sulphides they contain, causing a strong flavor and odor, a dark color and loss of food value. When these vegetables are young and "new," they give off little or no odor even if cooked with very little water. When older and strong- er, odors can be avoided generally' by using a larger amount of wa- ter, leaving the lid off the kettle and cooking only long enough to mak them tender. Novel Lizards Novel to most Americans are the -soft-skinned and big -eyed geckos in', the Solomons. These are lizards, that come out at night, and they are remarkable for their loud voices, There are several kinds in the Solo- mons—small ones only two inches. long, medium sized gray ones, and a brown species with a bright yellow. line down the back, large for aL gecko, as it reaches a length of a. foot. The natives are apt to be much:, afraid of geckos, apparently on ac- count of the disagreeable feel of thee clinging pads on their feet, but alit geckos are entirely harmless. Many inhabit houses and come out at night. from the thatch, or from behind pie- ture frames (if there are picture. frames) to hunt their insect prey; on the walls and ceilings. The cash farm income from the sale of cattle, calves, hogs, sheep and lambs was $5,960,000,000 last year. This sum represented 30 per cent of the total cash farm income of $19,678,000,000 obtained from 12 ma- jor farm crops, and was an increase of $1,086,000,000, or 22 per cent over the preceding year, and $1,765,000,- 000, or 172 per cent greater than the 1935-39 five-year average, according to an analysis of department of ag- riculture figures by the American Meatinstitute.institute.department of agriculture figures, it is estimated that approx- imately 17,027,000 cattle, 10,309,000 calves, 90,031,000 hogs, and 26,4(13,- 000 sheep and lambs from about 5,000,000 farms and ranches were dressed last year, School Services Lunchroom service was expanded' in 37 per cent of 1,401 school sys- tems surveyed since 1920, of which three-fourths were city and one- fourth county; guidance service im, creased to 34 per cent; vocatioqal, education to 31 per cent; and pupil transportation to 19 per cent. Twera ty-seven per cent increased provi- sion or adult education, whila. nursery schools increased in 11.6 per cent and kindergartens in 6 per cent of the total system. Two-thirds of the schools increased emphasisa, tfilornst. aipdre,iusag i training was introduced in 71. per ;311 tyscleznaccle,pmhyastilicearfil eadtiuccsa' cent of city schools, and inb 46.6 l per cen o county systems,