HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 1944-07-06, Page 6GE
6
VIKING AIDEI
G UNDER -SEA �R
Pr'Oaring to leave on another diving control panel in the
patron of leading seaman of the gian submarine, ULA, as she
Royal Norwegian Navy is seen at the on a patrol.
THE CLl•NTOi: N'.
,RECGIRID
11
THURS.. JULY 6th, 1.944
Norwe-
sets out
:Rigid Tests for Rootrot
(Experimental Naim -News)
Possibly no field of research has
made a greater contribution to agri-
culture than variety improvement.
While many practical farmers have
tried to improve their crops through:
a careful selection of plants, the pro-
gress by this method has been liniit-
cd, says. R. J. Haslam, Dominion
Experimental Station, Harrow; Ont.
With the scientific knowledge that
specific characters are inherited, the
trained plant breeder has been able
rto widen the field of variety improve
ment to include disease resistance.
This phase 'of plant improvement
has been very important with respect
to the tobacco industry as several
desirable varieties have been develop-
ed which now grow where old varie-
ties failed.
' Any variety improvement pro-
gram, however, is not complete with-
out a systematic process of rigid
testing from the hybrid stage to the
final analyses on yield and quality.
The whole process may require
seven to ten years before a new
variety is ready for distribution.
At the Dominion Experimental
Station, Harrow, Ontario, over a
period of years, varieties of barley
have been developed through breed-
ing and selection to resist black
rootrot. This work has played a
considerable part in the development
of the tobacco industry in South-
western Ontario. In recent years the
breeding program has been •broaden-
ed to include fluecured and dark
tobacco so that in the future all
types may have some assurance of
higher resistance .particularly to
black rootrot.
THE PRESENCE
There is a House of God I know,
Beside s. busy thoroughfare;
Where weary folk may come and go,
And always find a solace there.
The Cross upon the altar gleams;
Arrayed in beauty are the flowers;
While the sublime Ascension seems
To bless and sanctify the hours.
When in humility we kneel
Majestic silence fills the place.
His Presence we can closer feel,
As quietly we know His Grace,
No 'wayward struggle, and, no strife
Here with the Cross, and altar -
flowers.
Forgotten are the cares. of life;
And lo, we feel His Hand on ours.
Aileen Ward.
V
Hybrid Corn Ensilage
(Experimental Farm News)
Corn wish is the most extengiveiy
grown ensilage crop in Canada pro-
duces a highly palatable, succulent
feed and surpasses all other forage
crops in actual yield of total diges-
tible nutrients, per acre.
I Since the introduction of hybrid
corn, its use for ,ensilage has increas-
ed each succeeding year. Better hy-
brids, when compared with open -
pollinated varieties of similar matur-
ity give an increased yield of en-
silage. On the other hand, hybrids
have gained more faveux with the
farmer due to the fact that, in gen-
eral, they possess stronger root
systems and sturdier stalks than
open -pollinated varieties whiioh en-
able them to resist lodging. This
latter character also allows them to
stand up ,better under attaeka' 0t'±.
:corn -borer. The ability' of 'hybrids to
resist lodging definitely makes for
greater ease in cutting and handling
The uniform maturity of hybrids
makes it possible tin cut them' at a
time when .practically ail the . plants.
are at the proper stage to . ensile.
However, it should ,'be remembered
that not all hybrids have the eliara-
cteristie mentioned and theyshould
be chosen on the basis; of adaptabil-
ity to specific localities with regard
to maturity, yield, and\ strength of
whelk:
Of the many differences between
hybrids and open -pollinated varieties
a few should' be carefully noted. Be-
cause of heavier 'stalks, hybrids
should' be out into shorter lengths,;
appiroxiinately 1/ to % inches, to
facilitate packing. in Mahe silo. Many
also get a false impression of matur-
ity with hybrid's. At the same stage
of maturity, the leaves and husks, of
most hybrids. Alt the same state of
maturity, the leaves and hesks, of
most hybrid's are greener than open-
pollinated varieties. For this rea-
son hybrids have been often ensiled
when they were too mature which,
insome cases, has resulted in moul-
dy ensilage. Regardless of outward
appearance, corn should be cut when
the ears are in the medium dough
stage' in order to obtain the
best product. Hybrids, when harvest-
ed at . the above mentioned stage of
maturity and given proper attention
at time of 'ensiling, will give the
maximum yield of total digestible
nutrients and good quality, ensilage.
V
West Was East
The late Rudyard Kipling was
wrong when he wrote: "East is east
and west is west and never the twain
shall meet." This is brought to
light, perhaps not for the first time,
by a current local news item. Mrs.
West, school teacher at S.S. No. 17,
Ashfield, who looked out of a school-
house window Tuesday morning to
witness an airplane spiral dizzily' to
the ground with its. two oceupants
was, before her marriage, Miss Sadie
East, of Clinton. No charge, Mr.
Ripley. — Goderich Signal Star.
V
Home From Camp
The Goderich contingent of "C" Co.
Middlesex -Huron Regiment (R), re-
turned from two week's annual camp
at Thames Valley on Sunday. They
were only twenty-three strong and
the Clinton contingent numbered but
nine. It was the smallest turnout
since the formation of the regiment.
A great deal of the training period
was spent in the operation and driv-
ing of Bren gun carriers. and target
practice at Cedar Springs. The weath-
er was splendid, with cool nights and
waren days. Lieut. Frank Walkom
was acting O.C. of "C" Co. in the ab-
sence of Lieut. R. C. Hays. Other
.officers were Lieuts. W. 'A. Suther-
land, Ken Waters 'and Charles Kemp.
— Goderich Si al Sta
gn r.
C.P.R. Gun Plan
in Foothills Aids Atlantic Convoys
Three thousand, four hundred
and thirty-eight feet above
sea level and 2,600 rail miles
from the Atlantic seaboard, the
Canadian Pacific Railway's Ogden
Shops in Calgary provides an
• outstanding example of the
switch -over of the entire C.P.R.
system from peace to war. Naval
guns made there, at one of the
approaches to the Rocky Moun-
tains, have played, and are play-
ing, their part on those other
celebrated approaches—the At-
lantic approaches to the Old
Country - over which supplies
for the fighting fronts have to
pass.
The 12 -pounder ounder gun, inset on
OP left, in this picture of men at
work finishing: gun barrels in
the great foothills work centre,
is a- sample of the type of
ordnance turned out at Ogden
Shops, which now, is preparing to
go into production on its fifth
type of naval gun mount. British,
Canadian and American sea ser-
vices all have shared in the
ordnance turned out to fight
against Hitler's underwater kill -
Ogden Shops' floor space of
235,000 square feet, full overhead
crane service and geographical
location first conyinced the De-
partment of Munitions, and . Sup-
ply and its advisers' that the
Calgary' shop was an ideal place
to turn out the naval guns and
a request was made for its use
late in the Fall of 1940. To. make
way for the navy work the shops
had first, to be cleared of the
major locomotive and mechanical
repairs it normally handled for
the C.P.R. from British Colum-
bia, Alberta and, part of Saskat
chewan, with this repairschedule
of vital, importance in itself to
war freight and passenger move-
ments. Heavy repairs now go to
Winnipeg and in some eases as
far as Angus ;Shops in Montreal
and light repairs to smaller local
repair shops.,
Britishers Thought Early
U. S. Terrifying Experiment.
The Britisi)er ^ who visited, the.
United States during 1836460 ,Believed;
the American male did little but spit{
tobacco juice an)d• race boats upon
the Mississippi,atan inhuman speed,1
adeording;to Mai, Berger in a study;'
"The British Traveler in America.";
Thousands of Britishers came toy
this country during this period in
much the ` same 'frame of ,mind as
'Americans who now visit the Soviet
Union. Nearly 250, of them published
accounts of their travels. They be-
lieved, democracy
elieved,democracy a great and per
haps terrifying experiment, and
'America the system's chief expo-
nent.
Adding<'to 'the basic alarm overt'
socio-economic differences were sur -I
;prise at the, quantity of tobacco cond
sumption and the habit many Amer
leans had of permitting' servants to
sit at table with their masters. This!
fraternizing between servant and'
master seemingly horrified the Brit=j
isher of Tory instincts hush more]
than finding slavery existing in they
southern states.
The English travelers' accounts of,
"the face of things" during the ear -
ay 19th century showed that opinion'
differed as to precisely why the
United States was prosperous. The`
liberal Britisher declared: "The
democratic system is the answer ...'
the greatest and most important,
fact of the century." The conserva-
tive replied: "They're rich because
of natural resources—they can't help
themselves."
New Discoveries Mark
Southeast as Oil Area ,
Production of oil from a two -mile -
deep well in the Florida Everglades
adds a new page to. a new chapter
of the romance of petroleum.
The new chapter concerns com-
mercial oil production in the Gulf
states east of the Mississippi river.
It began late in 1939 with the open-
ing of the first well in Mississippi,
near 'Yazoo City.
Geologists for years had been
aware that the oil-producing strata
of Arkansas and Louisiana are close-
ly resembled fn formationand age
by sections underlying Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia and Florida.
Since 1939 additional Yazoo wells
have lifted Mississippi to large-scale
production. Florida's first well now
adds reality to the scientists' vision.
of an important southeastern petro-
leum field.
Harbinger of a new kind of Flor-
ida boom, the man-made hole in the •
swamp land northwest of Miami is
the first' producing well, not in Flor-
ida alone, but anywhere within 170
miles of the nation's Atlantic coast.
Florida, by becoming the 25th oil -
well state, gives oil states a na-
tional majority,
P
Frighten Sharks
Natives who have had considera-'
ble experience with sharks do not
'recommend that the amateur swim-
mer should fight them off with!
knives. If they attack, it is best to
make as much noise as possible to
frighten them away. Noise under
water can be made by clapping to-
gether stones, metal objects, or
sticks, or even by thrashing the
legs. But unless they attack, it, is
best to remain quiet so as not to at-
tract them. Also, clothing should
cover as much of the body as possi-
ble, for they are attracted by white
flesh.
The most important thing for a
swimmer to remember about the
dreaded jellyfish, or Portuguese
Man -of -War, is that its sting is not
death -dealing, but exceedingly pain-
ful, and one may experience a feel-
ing of impending suffocation. This
knowledge is of invaluable impor-
tance in keeping the swimmer from
losing his head and being overcome
by fear,
Scabby Face.
One way to prevent "scabby face"
(infectious dermatitis), a skin fn-
fection usually beginning at the cor-
ners of the mouth and extending
slowly . over _ the face and body of
suckling pigs, is to move farrow-
ing houses from old, contaminated
lots to clean ground.
It may also be helpful to clip the
tusks of baby pigs to, prevent then,
from injuring each other, since such
wounds are often important sites of
entry for the infectious agent, says
the department of animal pathology
and hygiene, University of Illinois
college of agriculture.
If thedisease does appear, some
of the affected pigs may be saved
by, a daily treatment with 3 per cent
creosol applied with a medium -stiff
brush. However, this treatment
must start early, the department
warns. -
Tin Is, Important
In -addition to being used for tanks
and ships, tin has -vitally important
medical ,tasks to perforin, accord-
ing to government reports. It takes
100 per cent pure tin to
enclose the
small individual morphine hypoder-
mic syringe (or syrette) which the
wounded' soldier uses on the battle-
field. The emergency sulfa , oint-
ments which protect him from dead-
ly infection in the jungle are encased
in tin. That precious blood plasma•.
with which countless lives are be-
ing saved right at the front lines
is safeguarded with tin. ' Tin con-
tainers of many kinds are indispen-
sable to every branch of the armed
forces, because it isthe most per-
fect protective .covering. No other
metal or substitute will serve as,
well.
S o.American ' Governments. •
Aid Ca operative Movement
. VariouAmerican-governn'lent ,
recognizing the '.values of eo-opei;a-
tives in 'promoting national 'econo-
mies, actively aid the movement.
Colombia has a<'special; fund to help
the country's 196 co-operatives, • and
also provides them With technical
assistance. Peru has a government
agency' devoted exclusively to; 'aid-
ing co-operatives and the Peruvian
Agricultural, bank extends 5 and 10 -
year credits to members. In Huan-
cana province 20 new co-operatives
are' making a vital contribution to
the war effort by increased produc-
tion of quinine.
Venezuela has given direct aid to
nlore than 600 co-operative family
units engaged in agriculture, and
maintains ,a special school for train-
ing specialists in co-operatives. The
country boasts of six producer co-
operatives and 322 credit unions.
with over 27,446 members.
In 1941 Bolivia launched an elabo-
rate plan to promote co-operative
Production of wheat, barley, cotton
and livestock by exempting co-oper-
utivesfrom salesand business taxes;
reducingtheir national, state and
municipal taxes -to 50 per cent of
normal; reducing freight schedules
by 25 per for co-operatives and
by giving them preference in trans-
portation and preference in the dis-
tribution of rationed materials:
Ecuador likewise gives official aid
to co-operatives, and six of these
have contributed materially to the.
rehabilitation of devastated El Oro
province.
•
Many Mountain Streams
Aid Chile's Electrification
Chile's announcement of a nation-
al electrification project to be com-
pleted in 18 years., draws attention
to the country's favorable topo-
graphic situation with regard to wa-
ter power development. Many riv-
ers are born on the lofty slopes of
the Andes highlands, furrow swiftly
westward across the country to Pa-
cific outlets, form a many-runged
water ladder with its top near the
Peruvian border and its bottom
close to the Straits of Magellan.
Power from these rivers would
assure progressive industrial devel-
opment, conserve the domestic coal
reserves, and activate the country's
dormant resources,
Water, apart from its conversion
into kilowatts', has greatly influenced
Chilean life. The sea modifiesthe
extremes of climate, changes the
course of ships by the strong "set"
of the mighty Humboldt Current,
shapes plans and fortunes by its
winds and tides and fogs, is the
source of a sizable fishing and whal-
ing industry, and provides routes
for the shipment of strategic ma-
terials. It gives Chile access to for-
eign sources for needed machinery,
textiles and oil, and sustains valu-
able reastwise trade.
Oil Discoveries Drop
Behind growing concernover pos-
sible exhaustion of oil' reserves is
the steady decrease in the rate of
new oil discoveries since 1936. Last
year, and in each of five years pre-
ceding, the United States produced
roundly I,400 million barrels (42 gal-
lons each) of a total world produc-
tion of about 2,100 million barrels.
So far, revised estimates of re-
serves in known fields plus new oil
discoveries have each year exceed-
ed the national production, and have
raised known reserves to a 1943 level
of 20,000 million barrels. New dis-
coveries alone, however, have
dropped from a 2,000 -million -barrel
annual total of a decade ago to 800
million barrels in 1938, and to 260
million barrels in 1942—less than the
annual civilian consumption at the
current limited rate. Size of the av-
erage new discovery dropped from
20 million barrels in 1934, to 11 mil-
lion barrels in, 1938, and to 1.2 in
1942.
Tanks Built Like Turtle
This country's latest armored ve-
hicles are based on exhaustive
studies of the turtle. This lowly rep-
tile, provided by nature with pro-
tective armor, is said to have taught
ordnance engineers the essential les-
sons of "firestreaming." Firestream-
iing is destined to enable army tanks,.
tank destroyers and motorized artil-
lery to shed enemy projectiles as
easily as the horny shell of the tur-
tle shedp a horse's hoof. Earlier
tanks presented their upright,ar-
mored surfaces to direct impact,
Now the silhouettes are lower and
the armor slopes in such a way
that hard-hitting armor-pierchig pro-
jectiles tend to bounce from the
tank's sides like hail from a sloping
roof. The lowly turtle is now wear-
ing an army ordnance service rib-
bon.
Change Camouflage
Army and navy painters charged
with the . responsibility of maintain-
ing the equipment of the armed
forces, as inconspicuous to the en-
emy as possible have a busy time
keeping up with the changing phases
of nature, both in regard to the sea-
sons in fixed locations and in en-
countering the rapid changes in ter-,
rain which are found with amazing
rapidity in'the-world-wide transport
which is necessary in the present
war. There is no color or condition
of the earth's surface on land. or
sea, which the modern camouflage
painter may not have to do his best
to match, and then perhaps change
the color scheme the next day to
match a different. natural back-
ground.
Illinois Court 'Trying ;
New Divorce., Procedure
The dock county. (Chicago) circuit
court is using the pre-trial' confer-
ence method of settling contested
divorce cases as a step toward
clearing calendars for an, expected
postwar rush:
Primary purpose of the pre-trial
,conferences is not reconciliation but
;a settlement of financial differences
,that will permit cases to be heard
;as a` -default -when one person with-
draws to permit granting of an -un-
contested divorce.
Nearly all cases are past the rec-
onciliation stage when they ; enter
court, according to Circuit Court,
Judge Robert Jerome, Dunne, who is
using the pre-trial conference meth-
od in an effort to speed' up •action' on
acases. steadily - mounting . ,number of
The procedure is for Judge Dunne
to call both parties and, their law-
yers into his chambers 'for a dis-
cussion as soon as a case is put on
the contested calendar, according to.
information to the American Munic-
ipal.association:
After determining that reconcilia-
tion is impossible, the judge inquires
into the financial situation of the cou-
ple and generally suggests! a lump
sum payment in lieu of alimony for
the wife.
Crimea One of Historic
Travel Routes for. Armies
The northern section of the Pere-
kop isthmus of the Crimea is open ,
steppe country. In peacetime a
grain -growing land of rolling fields,
it offers no hills or forests as natural
defense lines. Farther south, how-
ever, where the bottleneck opens up
into the broad reaches of the Cri-
mea, mountains rise to guard the
entrance.
The Isthmus is one of the historic
travel routes of the world. Over it
flowed hordes of migrant settlers,
nomadic tribes, conquering armies.
The ancient Scyths, the Goths, Huns
and Tatars used it. The Greeks built
Taphros at what is now the settle-
ment of Perekop.
During the 15th century under a
Tatar Khan, a great ditch was dug
across the narrow northern stretch
of the isthmus. Later stone towers
were built by another Khan to guard
the approaches to the Crimea.
During the Russian counter-revo-
lution that followed the overthrow of
the Tsar, Perekop isthmus, like the
Siwash railway route, became a path
of retreat for White Russian forces
defeated by the Red army.
Early Explorer
Leif Ericson was born in Iceland
in the Tenth century, A son of Erik
the Red, who was a son of one of
the original settlers of Iceland and
the discoverer of Greenland, Eric-
son spent the summer of 999 in Nor-
way studying at the court of King
Olaf Tryggvason where he was con-
verted to Christianity. On commis-
sion of the king, he returned home
to Greenland and the following sum-
mer to preach the Christian faith.
En route he was blown off his
course and sighted land in a new re-
gion. Because of the grapevines he
saw he called the new country Vin-
Iand. From descriptions of the jour-
ney and observations recorded, his-
torians_believe this country to have
been New England or Nova Scotia,
and as a result Leif Ericson is con-
sidered by many to have been the
real discoverer of America. A few
years later expeditions left Green-
land% to explore the new land and
make settlements, but they were
forced to leave after three years be-
cause of attacks from what are be-
lieved now to have been Indians.
Pan Spinach
Another tasty and quick way to pre-
pare spinach is to pan it. To prepare
sufficient, for four . servings, melt
two tablespoons of fat in a heavy
flat pan, add a quart of spinach,
cover the pan tightly to keep in the
steam and cook until barely tender,
stirring occasionally. 'The vegetable
cooks in its own juices, so none of
the valuable nutrients are lost. By
using meat drippings as the fat, you
can add good flavor to the panned
greens, and at the same time save
valuable ration points. Vary the
preparation by using bits of leftover
meat, or a little chopped onion, or
slightly thickened milk or cream.
Discovered Quinine
Quinine, the most powerful ma-
laria drug known, is obtained from
the bark of the cinchona tree (pro-
nounced sinkona). The tree was
named for the Countess of Chinchon,
wife of Peru's ruler back in the 17th
century, who was saved from death.
in 1631 'by the bitter liquid which a
Jesuit priest recommended. The
priest had learned of the drug from
the native Indians of the country.
Since . that time, millions of lives
have been saved by quinine, mostly
M the tropical areas of the world,
where malaria is most prevalent.
Sea -Going Speedometer
A sea -going version of the speed-
ometer now automatically and ac-
curately records the speed, and dis-
tance traveled by our hard-hitting
battleships.
In addition to indicating the ship's
speed in knots, this robot totals in
nautical miles the distance trav-
eled by a ship from a given bear-
ing. It also aids in the measuring
of the draft and the trim of the
ship and other factors that are im-
portant for navigation and gunfire
control.
Install Mechanical Cow
On Army Transport •
' A sea' -going • mechanical . • cow,
guaranteed to produce 40 gallons of!
emulsified milk or cream in an hour,
was recently installed on an army
transport, The mechanical cow op-
erates with
p-erates"with equal efficiency fn the •
Arctic or the tropics—in high seas ,
or calm waters.
Centrifugal force, cunningly ap-
plied in the interior of the robot
cow, does the work. Into the gleam-
ing cylinder is poured sweet butter,
milk powder and water. Gauges are ; -
set and milk of any desired butter-
fat content is produced.
When everything is ready, a but-'
ton is pushed, a motor hums softly. <.
A• pressure of more than 300 pounds
to the square inch is exerted by sen
trifugal force. This breaks' up the
fat globules, emulsifies the product.
The result is pure milk of 5 per cent'
butter fat—or cream, from 30 to 35
per cent
Milk from the • mechanical cow
contains a higher per cent of butter
fat than is found in the milk of any ,
local dairy—and it's absolutely pure.
It contains the vitamins and calcium
found in raw milk. The milk can-
not sour. Products for the making
of the milk are easily stored, re-
quiring Little space.
Grandstands' Fell in -
Classic Roman Times
Such modern disasters as col
Iapsing grandstands and senatorial
investigations are not really mod-
ern. The "Annals of Tacitus" re-
late that an amphitheater at Fidena
was not laid in solid ground and
that the fastenings of the wooden
structure above were insecure, due
to some graft on the part of a con-
tractor named Atilius.
While watching a .gladiatorial
show, a vast crowd of human be-
ings, intent on the spectacle or
standing about, fell with the collaps-
ing structure and were buried in the
ruins. Fifty thousand persons were
maimed or crushed to death in the
disaster, Tacitus records, indicating
that there is nothing new in ex- ,
aggeration either.
The sequel was an investigation t
by the Roman senate, which
finally decreed that no person ,with
lest than 400,000 sesterces in good
lard cash should present a gladia-
torial exhibition and that no more
amphitheaters should be built except
on tested ground.
Reserve Tanks
Gasoline drop tanks which hold j .-
extra gasoline for fighters and
bombers on long trips and which
are dropped when empty are ren-
dered leakproof by slushing 30 gal
-
ions of a special zinc chromate •
primer paint in the interior of each
tank by means of a rotating machine
as a first step in making them leak-
proof. The surplus paint then is.
drained out and the exterior of the •
tank thoroughly cleaned with a hot
cleaning compound • before being
passed through a drying oven. Next,
without leaving a conveyor, the
tanks pass through paint spray
booths where two primer coats and
a 'camouflage coat of paint are ap-
plied to the exterior. A girl puts on,
decalcomania markings and a final
special protective coating is then
sprayed on as a finish coat before.
the tanks are sent to the shipping
room for crating and shipping.
Mark !Hanna
Marcus A. Hanna, born in 1837 at;
New Lisbon, Ohio, became one of '
the most colorful political leaders -
of his time. As chairman of the
Republican national committee in':
1896, he conducted the presidential
campaign for William McKinley,
and later for Theodore Roosevelt.
Hanna, as head of the M. A. Hanna
company, operating a steamship and
coal business out of Cleveland, Ohio,
pioneered the use of steel -hulled'
steamships on the Great Lakes. In
1897 Hanna was appointed U. S, sen-
ator to succeed John Sherman. He'
was elected in 1898, and again in,.
1904, the year of his death. Hanna
also was president of the Union Na-
tional Bank of Cleveland and the
Cleveland City Railway company.
Soften Water
If the water is hard, you'll get
more cleaning power from soap if
• you soften it with some chemical
as washing soda or trisodium phos
phate. The army's mobile field
laundries—the units that go right up
to the front lines to wash the sol-
dier's clothing—use a special soap.
that will clean clothes in any kind
of water. Of course these field laun-
dries have to use any water they
can get, so a special soap is neces-
sary. But for home use it is more•
economical to soften the water. Be
sure that the.softener is completely;
dissolved and evenly distributed:
throughout the water before clothes
are added for washing.
Bleaching Beeswax
Bleaching beeswax to white wax,
is• accomplished either by repeated
melting in water or by exposure to .
sunlight'. or by *the application of'
mild oxidizing agents. This materi-
al is pure white or slightly yellow in
color, and odorless and tasteless.
Its specific gravity is slightly higher,-
than yellow was and it is more brit-
tle than the latter. Beeswax is not
greasy when touched by the hand.
In its molten state, however, . if
dropped on paper it causes a perma-
nent•transparentspot. Commercial
grades of beeswax always contain,
small amounts of plant pollen.