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HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 1944-05-25, Page 6'NAGE a THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD. U THURS., MAY 25Th, 1944 Waste Paper is A Vital War Material — Please Save When "D" day, comes .and the land'' -•I Ing barges grate on the shores of what Hitler fondly hoped 'would some. day - be "Iiia Europe'', backing up the Allied Nations' forces will be waste'- paper. The cardboard cartons you gave>in your basement; 'those old' piles of magazines; the old ledgers and business records that are collect- ing' dust in your files, can all play an. important part. The empty cigarette box you throw in the fireplace can be transformed for ''ammunition which may open up a vital hole in the enemy line. In England, it's against the law to throw' away .a street car transfer. Easily 90 per cent of all waste paper or paperboard is salvaged there, And if Canadians would save just a frac-I tion of what they now discard, the 20,000 tons, now vitally needed for war work each month would be a ' "push over". At' least, that's how Charles La - rFerle, National Director of the Sal- vage Campaign feels about it. ' "Look," said Mr. LaFerle in a re- cent interview. "Shortage of waste paper may jeopardize our whole war effort. Mills are operating from hand to mouth. They require 20,000 tons! of waste paper every month. Sal- vage •and collection of this paper is an essential part of the war effort on the home front. "You see," he went on, "not long ago we all regarded a paper box as just a container. But it is changed now. The armed forces uses then to be thrown over -board for landing operations, floating to shore or sink- ing to the bottom to be recovered atl low tide. 'They provide protection for medical kits, blood plasma, emergency rations, gas masks and for a hundred other uses. We even have paper para- chutes to carry precious foods and supplies for isolated men and units. "When 'D' Day comes and our paratroops land on enemy soil, we've got to feed 'em, keep 'em supplied with food, ammunition, maybe even drinking water. Most of the stuff will be dropped in paper containers, with paper parachutes. "The shortage is serious, for paper has gone to war now," he said. V THE SAILOR By Audrey Alexandra Brown "Sailor, home from the sea, Where did you voyage last with your helm -a -lee And your white wake foaming free? Did you round the shining Coasts of Barbary Where grows the golden tree And the silver fountain springs im- mortally,— Sailor, home from the sea?" "Not there went we." "Sailor, home from the sea, Did you steer north where grimly, terribly, The great bergs thunder 'free In violet, emerald and, blue immen- sity; Where the red sun hangs at mid- night, where there be The solitude that freeze eternally, -- Sailor, home from the sea?" "Not there went we," We have been out on convoy; sixty - and -three Squat little stalwart, iron ships had we, Crammed with sugar .and tea. And flour and meat for hungry Chriatendie. 0' they'll sit down to supper merrily In Willesden, Harlesden, Holborn, Bermondsey, Because we're home fromthe sea!" — —V SCOUTS FEED FAMINE VICTIMS During the terrible famine in the state of Bengal in Lydia, a group of Boy Scouts from a neighbouring state ran a food kitchen, feedin;•. from 300 to 600 people daily. An 11 year old Wolf Cub took on the job of feeding the babies. V Boy Scouts and' Girl Guides of Halifax, got together in a week's drive to salvage waste paper. At the end of ahe week 70 tons had been col- lected. Half, of this amount was col- lected' in one day. Because of the absence of His Ex- cellency the Governor-General, Chief Scout for Canada, in the West, the annual meeting of the Boy Scouts Association has been postponed until Tuesday, June 13th in Ottawa. "Another, way to measure the dura• Con of Summer," avers the Port Ar- thur News -Chronicle, "is from fur- nace fire to furnace fire." On that basis, a pitiful brief Summer! Indians Developed, Sign w Language for Talking Thg greet .treeless a Anse s tri g e chin • : westward from the :Misr souri,river to the Rockies and south- ward from the Fraser river to, the Rio Grande pro\Tided a spacious stage for the development offree- arm signaling • between Indians. Tribes of many stocks roamed, the broad flat lands, waged wars; spread over new territory. A universal" means of inter -communication was needed. , For inter -tribal messages the hand served the need .better tha the tongue. Sign language enabled In- dians even at the geographic ex- tremes of the region to talk with one another. ' A Sioux and a Co- manche could discuss their affairs with the greatest of ease. Kiowas, Cheyennes and Crows were most adept,made their silent meetings occasions of grace as well as greet- ing. Signs were made with one hand or both. Originally they required close reference to the shape, habit or bur-' pose of the subject matter. In time they advanced from the picture idea to fixed symbolism. The "vocabu- lary" was enriched with local varia- tions of its basic gestures until it was equal to the making of a treaty, the recital of myths and legends, and the telling of hunting exploits and brave deeds. War Spurs So. American Drug Industry Expansion The war has led the other Ameri- cas to expand their drug and medi- cine edicine manufacturing industries. With imports from Europe and the United States reduced by the ship- ping shortage, many of these coun- tries are processing their own raw materials, to supply the needs of their own citizens. Brazil has established its own shark liver oil industry, to produce health -giving vitamins formerly ob- tained principally from cod liver oil from Norway. Bolivia and Peru have factories for making quinine to fight malaria, out of the cinchona bark native to their Andean slopes. Chile has a new plant to dry digi- talis. Nearly all the countries to the south now have some medicine factories. The first Brazilian mill to process shark livers was started by the state of Sao Paulo early in 1943. Pre- viously the oil had been extracted by fishermen using crude methods. With the new mill, quality has Im- proved rapidly. Shark livers are put in brine solution. The livers are then cut into chunks and the chunks ground into paste. This is put un- der pressure and high temperature. The oil is bottled and sent to Sao Paulo, and there filtered through wool to remove stearine, and blend- ed to maintain at least 12,000 units per gram of vitamin A. • Coat•Care If you value your coat, always unbutton it before you sit down be- cause there is a strain on the seams and buttons. And, never sit if your coat is wet. When sitting, fold your coat neatly and place on your lap. Form the habit of always hanging your coat up rather than throwing it across a chair or on the bed. A good sturdy wood hanger is recom- mended. Your closet should be not too crowded with clothes and by all means have proper ventilation. Open closet doors at night, if no other way has been provided for air and light. Your coat can be kept new and alive looking by brushing it after every wearing, but never brush coat when wet. Zip the zipper and button the buttons—for shape, you know. Always brush with the pile. A soft brush is best except for around the collar and pockets where you will need a whisk broom. Shoemakers Prosper Shoemakers in the other Ameri- cas—like those in the United States —have achieved new production rec- ords under war -time stimulus to home manufacturing and markets. The other Americas are using more of their raw materials in domestic plants. Loss of imported shoes and preoccupation of British and North American manufacturers with war orders have contributed to expan- sion of shoe production in Latin Anmerica. Some export trade has been developed, particularly by Ar- gentina and Mexico, but the bulk of the expansion in output is for do- mestic consumption. In 1942, shoe production in Latin America rose to a record total of about 73,300,000 pairs, according to figures of the United States department of com- merce. This compares with 62,500,- 000 pairs in 1941 and 58,500,000 in 1940. Sulphur Center Volcanic Mt. Etna is associated with sulphur, the fiery mineral over which Sicily had a virtual world mo- nopoly until the 20th century intro- duced American sulphur from Tex- as and Louisiana to the chemical market. Inn pre-war- years Sicily's output helped Italy hold second place in sulphur production. About 64 per cent of the Italian total,came from Sicilian- mines. A hundred mines, more or less, were Worked in the triangle of south-central Sic- ily enclosed between Porto Empedo- cle, Licata, and Enna. Brimstone blasted from subterranean galleries was refined in giant, furnaces, the sulphur being melted out and cast into solid golden blocks. Canals Used With Rai'ls a' For Transport' Supremacy; More than a century ago -on July - 4, ,1828—two men turned spadest which started a rivalry between railroads and canals. President John QuincyAdams, broke ground fore the Chesapeake and'Ohio canal, and Charles',Terrell of Carrollton began construction' of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. • The rivalry con, tinned until the outbreak of. World War I, Canal traffic reached its peak in the 1850s, declined when the rail- roads crisscrossed the country. Ca-' nal, transportation was cheap, but it was also slow, and railroads made their bid for business with the new element of speed. In 1917 pressure on rail facilities, by troops and war supplies revived canal transportation as "a natural supplement to railroads. But the. revival was short-lived. Post-war development of motor transport and the rapid extension of motor high ways diverted public interest in ca- nals. Tie current World war has given canals new life. Rail lines are jammed. Troop trains are tailed by flatcars loaded with jeeps and landing barges. Freight trains bulge with food and clothing, iron and steel and coal, materials for build- ing munitions plants and plane fac- tories, timber from forests and scrap from the four corners of the United States. Motor transportation is hampered by spotty gas short- ages. King's Fashionable Estate Made a Victory Garden King George's "Victory Garden" was harvested after a very suc- cessful season. The "garden" was on his estate at Sandringham, Norfolk, where, as all over Britain, every available acre has been converted to farmland. The golf course,• for instance, was plowed up for a large crop of oats; six acres of lawn in front of the house itself were under a crop of rye; and where brightly colored flowers once filled ornamental beds, beets and parsnips now grow. Thanks to comprehensive plan- ning, carried out with the help of the Norfolk agricultural committee, the king's estate showed heavy yields: potatoes gave up to 12 tons an acre and wheat 60 to 70 bushels an acre. Altogether, 1,433 acres were farmed, of which 977 werelunder the plow; of these 977, some 539 were added after the war started. Most impressive section of the newly plowed land was the 476 acres which have been reclaimed from the Sand- ringham marshes. Reclamation has involved extensive ditching and draining operations, but the land is now producing potatoes, peas, beans, mustard, wheat and oats. Wages Rise An impartial examination of fig- ures compiled by the bureau of la- bor statistics shows that since Au- gust, 1939, average weekly wages of workers in manufacturing estab- lishments throughout the country have gone up 82.4 per cent. Living costs in this period (August, 1939, to June, 1943) have increased less than 27 per cent. In other words, the rate of increase in wages has been three times as great as the rate of increase in the cost of living. In the past two years, average weekly earnings of manufacturing employees have increased nearly 54 per cent—from $28.08 in April, 1941, to $43.35 in June, 1943. Only about half of this gain was due to over- time payments. While average weekly earnings increased 54 per cent, hours worked per week in- creased only 11.5 per cent, the num- ber of hours for these two periods being 40.0 and 45.2 respectively. Lacks Fresh Water Enriched by the salt waters that brought commerce to her ports in earlier history, modern Sicily has been impoverished because of lack of life-giving fresh water. Winter floods and summer drouths are farming hazards. Even the largest river, the Simeto curling southeast around Mt. Etna across the Catania plain, cannot be counted on for year- round navigation. The Anapo, con- sidered remarkable because it usu- ally survives the summer with enough water for rowboats, is also an oddity for its marshes of papyrus, the grass that in Egypt gave men paper and' paper's name. Papyrus grows wild nowheile else in Europe. Sicily's yearly thirst has been blamed for the island's poverty and attendant evils, such'as brigandage and the outlaw gangs of the secret Mafia organization, as well as the heavy emigration. 't Ice Cream Ingredients Cream, milk, milk solids, sugar, and sometimes eggs, form the basis of all ice cream. Vanilla, chbco- late, berries, fruits, and nuts are added as flavors. The typical pro- portion of ingredients in the basic "mix" is about this ratio: 80 per cent cream and milk products, 15 per cent sugar, 4.5 per cent flavor, 0.5 . per cent stabilizer. A small amount of edible stabilizer is some- times included by ice cream manu- facturers to prevent the formation of gritty ice crystals. Pure food gelatin is often used for this pur- pose. The solids content of the mix ranges as follows: milk fat, 10 to 14 per cent'; milk -solids -not -fat, 10 to. 11 per cent; sugar, 12tto 15 per cent; edible stabilizer, 0.2 to 0.5 per cent. Government Units Plan ' e Postwar Reconstruction State and local governmental units are in position to move swiftly in preparing' to° meet postwar recon- struction and development problems as a result of planning legislation adopted by most ; of the 44 state legislatures meeting this year., Review of this leislation'ind indicates the great impetus the war.has given efforts of public 'officials to deter- mine what future problems are in store for them and to lay plans for solving the problems. The legislation set up new state planning commissions or revitalized existing agencies,' and charged there with -the task of preparing for the future; appropriations were granted in many instances to help the com- missions carry out their work. Local governments were given authority to set up postwar reserve funds, draw up master plans for long-term proj- ects, operate agencies for special projects, and co-operate with other communities in joint planning enter- prises. Alabama, California, Georgia, Illi- nois, .Indiana, Missouri and Utah created new postwar planning boards to take over duties and ex- pand study of future problems for- merly done by state planning com- missions. First War Food Agency Earned $60,000,000 Profit A study of the United States food administration in World War I shows that this war agency, estab- lished to aid orderly marketing of grain and flour earned a profit of $60,000,000 and employed about 11,- 000 1;000 persons to carry out its task. Principal key positions were filled by volunteer workers and at the height of its activities on July 15, 1918, only four persons were car- ried on the payroll of the food ad- ministration at a salary in excess of $5,000 annually. The food administration itself, ex- clusive of the various boards, had only 1,338 paid employees in Wash- ington and 1,583 in the field. The average Washington salary was $1,274, while field salaries averaged only $988,56. Total expenditures of the food ad- ministration amounted to $7,862,669,- 000 which included the cost of the temporary buildings erected to house its activities. Of that amount, only $3,793,000 was paid out for sal- aries to both permanent and tem- porary employees. The total volume of purchases of all supplies made by the food administration during its existence aggregated more than $7,250,000,000. Size of Vermont Crowded Sicily is about the size of Vermont but has more than ten times as many inhabitants. Two of Italy's largest cities are Sicilian. Palermo, the capital, normally with more than 400,000 people, ranks sixth on the city roster,'and Catania, with about a quarter -million, ranks 11th. The port of Messina, however, with fewer than 195,000 people, is one of Italy's most important ports because of its situation at the Sicil- ia side of the ferry link with Italy. Of all the seaside cities that sur- round the island's thinly peopled mountain core, none has had a more varied history than Syracuse. Now a port of some 50,000 inhabitants, in the days of Sicily's Grecian glory this was Europe's largest city, with more than a million inhabitants. • Volcano a Barometer An oddity is the fact that Mt. Etna, Stromboli and Vesuvius, Eu- rope's urope's most active volcanoes, lie in a direct line. No doubt this geo- logic axis was formed by some pre- historic upheaval and is responsible for the many ruinous earthquakes, tidal waves and eruptions with which southern Italy and Sicily have been visited throughout history. Mariners have used Stromboli for thousands of years as a lighthouse and barometer. By judging the "plume" above the crater, sailors predicted changes of temperature and wind. Probably for this reason the isle was regarded as the abode of Aeolus, god of the winds. It was here that Ulysses stopped and asked Aeolus to bind in a great bag all the "bad winds." Onion Harvest When three-quarters of the tops of onions have broken over, many com- mercial growers break over the rest themselves. Then as soon as the tops begin to dry, the onions are pulled and placed in windrows to cure. Later they are bagged or crated and placed near a building or at the edge of the field to finish drying; and given some protection against rain. When the onions are +sufficiently cured for storing, the tops may be removed and the onions placed in crates or in large -mesh bags which allow free circulation of air. Perishable Meats It is well to keep in mind when purchasing any of the variety meats —liver, heart, kidneys, tongue and sweetbreads—that they are very perishable. Buy just enough for the immediate day's use and keep the meat cold until you are ready to cook it. If you are so fortunate as to have a large freezing compart- ment in your refrigerator, these meats can be purchased in quantity and kept frozen for .almost a week. However, they must be used as soon as they are removed from the freez- ing compartment. SunOperates to Give Life to Dead Plants Blacked -out overseas radio and stuttering telegraph and teletype machines recently gave another demonstration of the long arm of the -sun reaching across 9p million miles of space into man's everyday , af- fairs. "Sun spots" were credited With the disturbances. Such thematic m demonstrations of the sun's power come only now and then, sometimes unseen, sometimes along with the flashing colored lights of the aurora. But day in and day out, as everyone knows but often for- gets, the stn has completely dom- inated the earth and its life'' for some hundreds of millions of years. It is the earth's lighting plant, its heating system, and its power source. It dishes up .all weather. With its gravitational pull -as real as if it depended on gigantic steel cables -the sun holds the earth cap- tive and swings it •along its oval path, clocking off the years. Most vital, and at the same tirne one of the most mysterious effects of the distant sun on the earth id the process by which sunlight is transformed into food. This is known as photosynthesis: "light -put - together." When sunlight shines on the green coloring matter in plant leaves and in the tiny floating algae of the sea it operates in some magic way to turn "dead" water and other chemical compounds into "living" food. - Since all animalslive on plants or on other plant -sustained animals, sunlight is literally manna from heaven which feeds all living things. • • Army's Smoke Generator Throws Protecting Screen The army's new smoke generator proved a lifesaver in the invasion of Sicily, according to a statement by Maj. Gen. William N. Porter, chief of the army chemical warfare serv- ice. "Smoke is our greatest protective weapon," General Porter said. "It is the greatest lifesaver of our troops and was responsible for the small number of casualties in Sicily where it was used." This is the second time that com- mendation has been given by the army to the smoke generator. When the American forces landed in North Africa; they were protected by a pall of dense white smoke that poured out of these wheeled ma- chines, completely concealing their movements, yet of no discomfort to the troops. In the early days of the war the chemical warfare service called on the national defense research com- mittee for a smoke generator. It was not long before a smoke box was developed. Then a mobile unit was built. It was the successful tests of this unit in the Schoharie valley that led the army to adopting it as an essential protective ma- chine for its troops. Crickets Peek Indoors Aa the cool nights of early Sep- tember warn him of the approach of winter, the cricket leaves the Vic- tory garden and begins to look for more protected quarters. For a while he may be satisfied with such shelter as your garden compost heap provides, but when crickets are very numerous, as they are this year, many often find their way into the house. Both the common black field crick- ets and the gray European house cricket are harmful household pests. The gray cricket is not as common as the black cricket, being limited out-of-doors to garbage dumps. They differ somewhat in their general eat- ing habits, but both will eat holes in woolens and linens as well as in starched articles. In addition, their incessant chirping at night soon be- comes a distracting nuisance. Check your cellar doors and windows for possible points of entry. ' Develop Petroleum British interests have taken ac- tive part in developments since 1859 that have brought world petro- leum production to two billion bar- rels annually. Refineries and ports have been built on the banks of the Thames and the Bristol Channel to receive crude oil from the United States, Venezuela, Trinidad, Iran, Iraq, Bahrein, Burma and the Neth- erlands Indies. Despite all these im- portations, oil production from shales has been continued and en- couraged in Scotland. When shales yielding 80 gallons of oil to the ton could be found, distillation was prof- itable. Since 1923, however, produc- tion has been continued by aid of government subsidies from shales yielding as little as 20 gallons to a ton. Fowl Paralysis Long a scourge of laying flocks and the costliest of poultry diseases, fowl paralysis is indicated by a gray eye with an irregular pupil, That is, when a bird' is affected with this form of disease, the iris or colored part of a norma] eye is gray and the pupil is irregular in outline instead of being evenly oval or well round- ed. In addition, the eye may be "fishy" or bulging. Birds showing this eye condition should be removed from the flock. Lame birds that show no foot in- juries to account for the lameness should be removed, too, as suspect- ed carriers of fowl paralysis. Dis- eased birds may lay for a while, but they eventually lose weight and go out of production. If left in the flock, they endanger other birds. Bordeaux Busy Part, French Wine Center Bordeaux, France's' fourth city, and third most important port, is best known to the outside . world as a wine center, says the National CIe- ographic society, but it is also im- portant normally, because 9f its heavy overseas commerce in various commodities' and because' of the prominent part it has played in French history. .. Thousands of American doughboys of the first World war remember Bordeaux as their landing place. At Le Verdon, a port at the Atlantic end of the Gironde estuary ,"which reaches 60 miles inland to Bordeaux,j a monument commemorates the, landing of the first American sol- dier in 1917. The monument also recalls the departure from this point' of Lafayette to help the American Colonies win their independence in, 1777. Vineyards surround Bordeaux and each large vineyard surrounds the chateau of the owner. Wine cel -i lars and "wine libraries" in some] of these chateaux were open to they public in peacetime. The flat triangle of land between, the Atlantic and the Gironde estu-i ary, the Medoc Peninsula, is the; primary wine -producing area of the Bordeaux region. Its.white and red; wines strive more' for quality than volume. Sicily Huge Fortress States Adopt Legislation For Aviation Development' Aviation ,legislation adopted by more than a dozen states this year ranged from statutes to• aid" the de-, velopmeht of airports by municipal-' ities to provisions for construction oft flight strips along the nation's high-, ways, the American Society of Plan-: ning officers reported, Amongthe states makingprovi- sions p sions for development of„ airports, by cities and counties were Minne- sota, Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma and Wisconsin. Seven states—Ne- braska, braska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ore- gon, Rhode Island, Texas and Wy- oming — authorized state co-opera- tion with the federal government in., construction and maintenance ofr flight strips along highways, with. the various state highway depart-: ments in charge. Minnesota took the lead in devel- oping a state system of municipal airports, the legislature incorporat- ing into -the state aeronautics code the comprehensive airport zoning, provisions of the model zoning act, prepared by the Civil Aeronautics. commission; setting up a public cor- poration known as the "Metropolitan Airport commission” to develop. airports for Minneapolis and St. Paul; extending provisions of the. Metropolitan Airport act, which set up the Twin Cities airport coin,. mission, to cover the development and control of municipal airports in • all parts of the state; contributing one million dollars toward munici, pal airport development. Blocking Mediterranean Sicily, poised at the toe of the Italian boot, is "the football of the, Mediterranean"—throughout history it has been kicked around by more, conquerors than most other areas of, like size. A partial list of rulers of the island includes Greek tyrants,' Roman Caesars, Byzantine emper- ors, Saracen rulers, Norman kings, and in modern times a dizzying succession of Spanish, French, Aus- trian, and British sovereigns before' Garibaldi gathered it into Italy's arms in 1860. Sicily's area of 9,926 square miles makes it the largest island in the Mediterranean; its situation has made it often the most important as well. This three -cornered moun- tainous chunk of earth, seething with volcanic unrest, almost plugs up the central bottleneck of the Mediterra- nean. Africa lies only 90 miles to the southwest across the sea's Si- cilian Narrows. Europe lies only two miles to the east across the Strait of Messina. Traffic or trag- edy originating in either half of the sea has paid toll to or taken toll of Sicily as it passed, and scarcely an event of Mediterranean history has left this hub island untouched. Ship's Bells The custom of ship's bells started, apparently, with the use of a half- hour glass. The man on watch would turn over the hour glass at the end of his first half-hour and ring the bell once. This was repeated at half-hour intervals, with an addition- al bell stroke each time, until he rang eight bells at the end of four hours, signaling the completion of his watch. It is "eight bells" usually at the end of each of the six watches— ending at 12 midnight, 4 a. m., 8 a. m., 12 noon, 4 p. m. and 8 p. m.; "one bell" indicates a half-hour lat- er, "two bells" one hour, etc. The hourglass has long since been out of date but bells still are used. To complicate things, the hours of men on watch occasionally vary. There are two "dog " watches" of two hours each between 4 and 8 p. m. and Scandinavian ships have a different breakdown of the time of the watch. Land of Farms While Sicily is a land of farms, the majority of the four million Sicilians are village, town and city dwellers. Farmers sublease small strips of land from the agents of owners, live in the nearest commu- nity, and drive to the fields in don- key carts the wheels of which fit the ruts of Roman chariots. This system of absentee ownership, by which an estimated 200 families were able to own one-sixth of the is- land's area, has created such prob- lems of poverty thats the large es- tates have been threatened with con- fiscation and redistribution to the men who work them. Early Copper King Marcus Daly (1841-1900) miner and capitalist, born in Ireland, mi- grated to this country with his par- ents at the age of 15. Starting as a pick and shovel man in western mines he soon rose to expert, dis- covered rich ore deposits in Butte, Mont., made a fortune in the Ana- conda copper mines a few miles d became the most e - away, an power- ful o w x ful political leader in the state, al- though he never sought public office for himself._ In 1872 he married Margaret Evans, established his home on one of the finest ranches in the West, and, as a hobby, raised race horses. Reflects Red Light Most green vegetation reflects in- visible infra -red light; orthodox paint does not. A military target blended into the landscape by the'. artful use of green paint would not escape detection by the infra -red aerial camera, because the painted surfaces would stand out in marked contrast to foliage, black against white in photographs • Metal -Protective Finishes Tested in New Technique. Through the use of a new testing technique which makes use of ex- tremely thin iron foil, an indication. of the value of metal -protective fm-. ishes under severe conditions fre... quently encountered in practice can• now be had in a matter of days in comparison with months for ordi•,. nary exposure tests. This new technique involves the - use of thin, uniform films of paint, applied to small sheets of iron foil• about one two -thousandths of an inch thick—approximately one-eighth the thickness of the paper on which thia. is printed. The film' of finish to be tested is about one -thousandth of an inch in thickness. To facilitate handling and obser- vation, the thin iron foil is attached - by a colorless resin to a glass micro-. scope slide—one inch by three inched —after which a thin film of the paint to be tested is brushed on the upper surface of the metal foil. These tiny test panels are then. exposed to a carefully controlled, humid atmosphere in the laboratory, which results in rapid rusting of the metal foil underneath the thin paint film in much the same way that painted structural steel would ultimately rust under actual condi- tions of service. The time that elapses before visible rust spots de- velop on the iron foil gives an indi- cation of the degree of protection, afforded by the paint being tested. Cape Cod Cape Cod, Massachusetts' skinny arm crooked out into the Atlantic ocean, was named for the fish which swarm its, surrounding waters by the English voyager, Bartholomew - Gosnold, when he arrived there in , the spring of 1602. In 1620 the - Mayflower Pilgrims sighted a fine • harbor and temporarily landed at. what now is Provincetown. This.: village, to which both Nature and man bent their best efforts to make • quaint and colorful, rests on a curi- ous sand -spit below which no bed- rock ever has been found. The 65-.. mile length of the peninsula -cape is.: sandy and barren and its inhabitants., look to the sea for their living. A sea -level canal to shorten the— trip from Boston to Long Island sound was cut through from Cape- • Cod bay to Buzzards bay in 1909. Completed in 1914, it was deepened:, and widened some 20 years later, • • • • Wool Shrinkage Since the beginning of the woolen:•, industry, traditional procedure has been to estimate wool shrinkage—in, other words, the difference between. the weight of the wool in the grease • at shearing time and the weight aft. eel -scouring to remove the grease • and foreign' matter. For many years the average esti- mated shrink of much wool has been 64 per cent. However, grower wools..; tested by one experiment station have had shrinkages ranging from ., 50 to 60' per cent. For example, the • experiment station clip has been. scoured by grade during the past two years to determine the differ- ence in shrinkage between grades. within a band. This wool has had a shrinkage rang from the low 40s to 54 per cent for all grades. Coated With Cellulose Brightly colored squares of cloth used to identify army ground equip- ment and prevent American planes from attacking their own troops.. are coated with ethyl cellulose. These patches of cloth, some of them.. only a few feet square, can be seen, two miles up by fighter planes go- ing at top speed. The army uses. •a special ethyl cellulose coating be- cause tests show it will remain fully flexible in winter cold' and not get tacky in summer heat. No other type of coating tested measured up to army requirements. The color Will not run, and it is possible to. keep the reverse side of the identi- fica.tidn cloth panel a pure white, color.