HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 1944-01-20, Page 6PACE 6
Feeding' Program for Dairy
herd Should Be Balanced
A well-balanced feeding prograna
for a dairy, herd' should comprise
about one-third hay or silage, one-
third pasture and one-third coneen-
trates,:according to some dairy spe-
cialists.
A Jersey cow weighing about 1,000
pounds will eat about 20 pounds of
dry matter in roughages daily. If
this is obtained from tender green
grass containing 85 per cent of wa-
ter, the cow would have to eat 134
pounds of grass. If gotten from
silage she would have to eat 60
pounds. daily. The sum of this is
that one pound of hay is equivalent
to three pounds of silage, and about
six pounds of green grass based on
the dry matter contained. •
Hay should be fed the year round,
specialists advise, even when cows
are on good pasture. In that case
they will not eat much hay, but ,the
moment the pasture begins to fail
they start eating more, if the hay
is before them. Experiments show
• that production of milk was Main-
tained more evenly where cows had
access to hay at all times.
Good green grass is the best and
cheapest feed for a dairy cow. But
a high producing cow cannot hold
enough grass to entirely meet her
requirements. Accordingly, it is nec-
essary to feed some dry roughage
and concentrate feeds additionally.
Since a pound of digestible nutrients
from roughages is as valuable as a
corresponding amount of concen-
trates, and usually much cheaper,
as much as possible of the feed re-
quirements should be sought from
roughages,
Budding Scientists Find
This Nutt Tough to Crack
Forty finalists in the nation-wide
Science Talent Search, all senior
high school boy and girls, recently
completed one' of the stiffest, aptitude
examinations leading psychologists
could devise.
An examination consisted of a set
of 17 separate statements about.va-
rious scientific subjects. Here; is a
sample statement—read it carefully,
then answer the questions that fol-
low it:
About 3,000 stars are visible with
the naked eye under the most favor-
able conditions. To a first approxi-
mation the stars appear.to be fixed
relative to one another on a celestial
sphere which makes` one revolution
around the pole star in 23 hours, 56 -
minutes and three seconds. On the
sphere appear also the sun, moon,
and planets. These continually
change their positions with respect
to the stars. The moon moves east-
ward on the celestial sphere about 12
degrees per day, thesun moves east-
ward about 1 degree per day, and
the planets move mostly eastward
but sometimes westward at varying
rates.
'Now find the correct answers to
the following questions:
A. A clock which keeps star time
would have to 1: run more slowly
than our ordinary clocks; 2: run at
the same rate as our ordinary
clocks; 3: Run faster than our or-
dinary clocks; 4: have a different
type of, construction than our ordi-
nary clocks.
B. For the sun to return to the
same position in the celestial sphere
(relative to an observer on the
earth), it will take •1: more than one
clock year; 2: less than one clock
year; 3: slightly more than one clock
day; 4: one clock day.
C. To an observer on the earth,
the celestial body which retains its
absolute position is 1: the sun; 2:
the moon; 3: Mars; 4: the pole star.
The correct answers are: A, 3; B,
2; C, 4.
Set Up Signal Corps in
1863; Developed Telegraph
An act of congress of March 3,
1863, created the signal corps. It
originally was authorized a chief sig-
nal officer, with the rank of colonel;
one lieutenant colonel„ two majors,
and the necessary number of cap-
tains and lieutenants.
Today, the supply service of the
signal corps handles the procure-
ment of radio, telephone, telegraph,
and all other signal equipment not
only for the use of signal troops but
also for the air forces, the infantry,
coast artillery, and other branches of
the army. This means the stand•
ardization, purchase, inspection, and
distribution of billions of dollars
worth of communications equip-
ment.
Pioneering originally in the mill•
tary application of the newly •invent•
ed telegraph, the signal corps has
been responsible for many advances
in the science of communication. Ii
was the first federal agency to col.
lect meteorological data by tele.
graph. The first U. S. army planes
were purchased and flown by the avi•
ation section of the signal corps, and
the first ground -to -plane radio coin•
munication was the culmination of
its experiments.
Settle Boundary Dispute
A century of litigation and dispute
over location of a portion of the
Indiana - Kentucky state boundary
line has ended with signing of a bill
by the Indiana governor following
its passage recently by the state
legislature. All that is necessary to
write finis to one of the few remain-
ing state boundary disputes is ap-
proval of the Indiana - Kentucky
agreement by congress, which has
the matter under consideration.
THE CLINTON' NEWS'BECORD
Store and Cook Properly to
Retain Vegetable Values
Probably no class of foods suffers
greater loss" "of . nutritive values
through preparation than fresh;
vegetables.
Home storage and cookingmeth-
ods
eth
o - s `must- be considered for!' it is
a
here: that much of the waste occurs.
In general vegetables should be
stored in a' cool place in order to
retain ail' of the food value possible.
The leafy ones keep best when piled
loosely in a covered vegetable pan
or waterproof bag -preferably after
washing and draining—and stored in
the refrigerator away from the freez-
ing. unit. `•
Cooking affects the color, flavor
and food value of all vegetables.
Serve them raw whenever possible
and when necessary to cook check
the time carefully and cook only un-
til basely tender. Overcooking is the
most common fault.
Prepare vegetables just before
they are cooked or used. Place them
in boiling salted water to reduce
the cooking time and use as little
water as required to prevent burn-
ing. The color of green vegetables
will be brighter and the flavor of
the strong -flavored ones more deli-
cate, however, if more water is used
in cooking them.
Start frozen vegetables to cook
before thawing. Place them in a
pan immediately upon removal from
the container and add only enough
water to last during the short>cook-
ing period. The blanching and
freezing processes break down the
tissues so that less time is required
for cooking frozen vegetables than
the fresh ones.
in about 41/2 hours.
O F din I S of
Scours in Newborn Calves' Marching Armies of Histor But Accident Toll Drops
Y Railroads,, erormed 34 per cent,
P f .
more freight service and 82 per cent
More passenger service,; as meas-
ured" by ton -miles and passenger,
miles,. in 1942 than in- the preceding..
year. This greatly expanded serv-
ice was performed.with an increase
of only 3.2 per cent in'the number
of fatalities to persons and a rise
of only 27.1 per. cent in the number
of non-fatal injuries.
The 1942 accident record should
be compared with years of similar
traffic and operating conditions in
order properly to measure the de-
gree of progress in safety work. The
year 1929 offers one good basis of
comparison, because that year rep-
resented the peak traffic year prior
to the current war period. The year
1918 is another good year for corn'-
parison with 1942 because it was a
year of wartime operations, involv-
ing heavy troop and war commodity
movements. • Both 1929 and 1918 fall
considerably short of 1942 in respect
of both freight and passenger traffic
volume. However, the pressure of
capacity operations was somewhat
similar in all three years.
Comparing 1942 with 1929, ton -
miles increased 42 per cent; pas-
senger -miles increased 72 per cent;
fatalities decreased 20 per cent; non-
fatal injuries decreased 38 per cent.
The 1942 accident record is even
more striking when compared with
1918. Ton -miles increased 57 per
cent; passenger -miles increased, 24
per cent; fatalities decreased 42 per
cent.
THURS., JAW., 20th, 1944',
Coal, A Storehouse of
Vital h
C ernical�l
Imown to most of us as fuel, coal
is scarcely appropviated,except by a
few, as an almost inexhaustible store-
house of chemicals from which are
synthesized many materials essential
both in peace and war, according to,
an article entitled "Coal Black.
Magic" in C—I-L Oval for Dec. Coal
one of Native's most common raw
materials, is potentially richer in
rubber than all of the islands of the
East; more bountiful in fibres: than
all the Japanese 'silkworms; wealthier
in colours than the rainbow; and a-.
hounding in curative medicinals. In
ordinary bituminous coal there are
constituents of explosives for bombs,.
shells. and torpedoes, plastics of many -
types including those of crystal clar-.
ity, solvents, food preservatives, hi,
secticides, fertilizers, lacquers and
hundreds• of other products,
ver . ee ing s, ounce Brenner Pass Echoes From- Railroads Increase Traffic,
Resembles Lincoln; Is Best
War Stamp Seller in State
An employee of the Pennsylvania
State college whose given name is
actually `Abraham Lincoln" and
whose resemblance to the Civil war
President is remarkable, has won
the reputation of being the best war
stamp salesman in this section of
the state.
He is Abraham Lincoln Hite, em-
ployed as a mason • in the college
department of grounds and build-
ings. He asked his boss, Superin-
tendent George Ebert, for time off
prior to Lincoln's birthday in order
to sell war stamps in local public
schools. His request was granted.
With a costume which greatly en-
hanced his likeness to President Lin -
coin, and with his face made up by
students in the division of dramatics,
Hite toured nearby schools and sold
several hundred dollars worth of
stamps.
Now the Lincoln impersonator can
get time off whenever he wants it
for this patriotic service. During
the month of February he sold
$2,657.25 worth of stamps in Centre
county schools and service 'clubs.
He plans to continue his tours for
the duration.
The dispute itself has been going
on since a shift in the Ohio river
channel more than a century ago
left a tract of Kentucky land some
five miles long and a mile wide on
the north side of the river adjacent
to Evansville, Ind. Meantime,
Evansville had located its water-
works on a portion of the territory.
The dispute was brought to a head
during recent years after numerous
roadhouses were built on the strip
of bottom land. Despite protests by
Evansville of insufficient policing,
Kentucky peace officers were reluc-
tant to patrol the tract separated
from their mainland ,by the river
while Indiana officers had no au-
thority within the area. Consequent-
ly, the area became a haven for
lawless elements. The bill has been
drawn in such a manner as to leave
the Evansville waterworks in Indi-
ana. Kentucky's legislature adopts
ed the legislation last year.
John's Grasshopper Pods
The kind of locusts eaten by John
the Baptist while, dressed in camel's
,hair at the River Jordan were not
grasshoppers or even the gentle
nomadic species, but were simply
pods of the carob tree. One odd
thing about them is that the blos-
soms grow out through the bark on
branches instead of on twigs or ter
minally. The 30 per cent' protein
and sugar in the pods give an eco-
nomic value to this member of the
bean family. Sub -tropical, it en-
dures less cold than the orange tree,
d other
k'utare
Mill lee of milk an The rumble of'German armored
dairy products can. be safeguarded s i
ff dam men take steps to control divisions pqur ng through s the Bren-
rY p the re- ner pass to stiffen Italy's backbone
seours in newborn calves by , P is :familiar martial music in the,Al-
vention of overfeeding, according to,, pinegash cuttingthe.. international
the department of animal pathology
and hygiene at the University of frontier, says the National Geo -
Illinois. The.common practice,of graphic society.
the cow con Meeting ground of Hitler and Mus-
leavmns the calf with solmni for mo ontous conferences
tenuously for 12 to 24 hours or longer -
after birth is likelyto result in over- Brenner pass has been making h4s-
h tory for more than two thousand
feeding, years. Less than a mile above sea}
A safer' practice is to' allow the.level, the pass is the lowest corridor
calf to nurse three to five minutes piercing the main range of the Alps.
and then to separate it from the cow. it has been aspath of armies and a
A panel placed across one corner
channel of trade. Through it swept
of the box stall provides a suitable the hordes of'northern invaders
arrangement. The calf is permitted bound for Mediterranean lands.
to nurse approximately five minutes Called the "Thermopylae of the Ty -
at intervals of five to six hours, or rol" the pass became a battlefield
an average of four times in 24 hours. when Germanic warriors fought Ro-
This plan is continued for three to man legions,
five days, whenbucket-feeding is be-
gun. Muzzling the calf between Italy got a grip on the pass as part
nursings is also a satisfactory meth- of its northern boundary through
od of preventing overfeeding if the World war settlements in 1919. At
Austro -
calf is left with the cow. the expense of the old The amount of mills that is bucket- Hungarian 'empire, Italian frontiers
fed daily the first week is about 6 were pushed northward more than
per cent of the body weight of the 200 miles. With the new territory
calf and is preferably divided into Italyg took on the problem of the
two or three feedings. A pint of large Teutonic populdtionGermans Of the
lime water (prepared by placing latSouth Tyrol. Thesechoose weren
several ounds of unslaked l me in Italianlr required eto mbetween
P allegiance and moving back
a burlap sack and suspending it in under Reich jurisdiction. ,. Italy's
a crock filled with water) may be "Maginot Line," perched on the
added to each feeding. Tempera- shoulders of the Alps, is strongly
ture of the milk and lime water fortified at the Brenner pass.
should be about 100 degrees Faliren- A railroad through the pass links
heit. After the first week, the daily‘ lines from Innsbruck, German ter -
milk allowance may be increased to minus, and Bolzano, Italian city at
8 or 12 per cent of the body weight. its southern end. The 81 -mile trip
If scours develop, all milk should be from one city to the other is made
withheld for 24 hours, or longer if
necessary. Four or five ounces of
Strip Crops Check Erosion,
Retain Moisture in Ground
Strip cropping is an important
practice on sloping fields. The rea-
son commonly considered first is that
strip cropping slows down or pre-
vents erosion. Productivity cannot
be maintained if the top soil is car-
ried away by running water.
There are two great benefits from
slowing down the rate of speed of
surface water. First, the rate of
erosion becomes much greater as
the speed increases, and, second, the
amount of water lost from the field
also is much greater.
Conservationists point out that, no
matter how fertile any soil is, crops
cannot be grown on it successfully
without a good supply of soil mois-
ture. It is estimated that 400 pounds
of water are required to produce
each pound of dry matter in a corn
crop, so a 100 -bushel yield per acre
will take 5,000,000 pounds of water.
There are frequent periods during
the summer• when the rainfall is
too short to keep the corn jumping;
and, unless there is abundant soil
moisture, growth slows down or
stops during dry periods. Strip crop-
ping slows down the runoff of rain-
fall, so considerably more water
soaks into the ground. This supply
is available in subsequent dry
weather.
American Face Forms
The faces and head structures of
American citizens fall into seven
principal categories, according to a
survey conducted by the air surgeon
to determine measurements to in-
sure the perfect fit of oxygen masks,
essential in high altitude flying, and
other head equipment for fliers.
Conducted ° among 1,454 aviation
cadets of all types, racial strains and
national extractions, the . survey
showed that any shapes and sizes of
faces which might be found in the
army air forces could be fitted with
one of four sizes of oxygen masks.
On the measurements obtained,
models of the seven types of heads
were made and the new masks were
designed and constructed. These
masks provide the absolute snugness
necessary to prevent inhalation of
oxygen -thin air encountered
Vitamin C Necessary
Vitamin C mutt be provided every
day because it cannot be stored in
the, body, It is needed to build
strong bones and teeth and to keep
the . mouth in a healthy condition.
Lack of this important vitamin re-
sults in bleeding gums, swelling and
pains in the joints, and general lack
of pep. A cup of canned tomatoes
or tomato juice; a half cup of or-
ange or'grapefruit juice; an orange;
or a half grapefruit provides the
vitamin C each person needs for one.
!lay. •
Soldiers Catch Rabbit
State Controls Liquor
State monopoly of liquor selling
brings in more revenue per capita
from alcoholic beverages than open
license systems and is considered
advantageous as a means of social
control by liquor administrators in
the 17 states which control sale of
liquor through state liquor stores.
The six states ranking highest in
per capita revenue from liquor sales
in 1940 were monopoly states, which
reported per capita receipts of $4.09
to $5.49. The states were Maine,
Michigan, Montana, Ohio, Pennsyl-
vania and Washington: Only five
monopoly states ranked below the
typical state in per capita revenues.
Two of the five, Alabama and North
Carolina, have half to three-fourths
of their populations under local pro-
hibition, the federation said.
The revenue average for monop-
oly states over the four-year period
was about 50 per cent higher than
the revenue average for all "wet"
states. Average proportionate in-
crease in revenues during the period
was more pronounced, also, in
monopoly states, which obtain about
40 per cent of total state and liquor
revenues from liquor stores,
The cocky little cottontail whose
Garden Factors
Factors to be considered in select-
ing a garden site are sunshine and
soil. Sunshine is essential in grow-
ing a good garden because seeds
need warmth for germination and
the plants require sunlight to manu-
facture food.
Soil is the most important factor
affecting; plant growth. If subsoil
from excavation has been placed on
the surface, the soil will require con-
ditioning before a good garden can
be grown. Well rotted manure, leaf
mold, rotted plant residues, peat
moss, or muck should be spaded
into the soil to provide organic mat-
ter and to allow air to enter. Sifted
ashes or sand will lighten heavy
soils. Gardens on sandy soils may
require watering.
daily capers on the recreation field
used to be mocking gestures for the
soldiers hardbent at calisthenics in
their early stages of physical train-
ing at the Enid, Okla., camp has
lost its cockiness.
His favorite sport was to tempt
them into a chase. Now he is sorry
for his earlier antics.
Hardened by their months of train-
ing, members of the 80th base head-
quarters and air base squadron,
gave chase to the rabbit—and
caught him.
The early morning class drew first
blood and then released the bunny to
give the afternoon class a chance.
Again he was caught and released.
Shell Explodes Late
Crew members of a B-17 Flying
Fortress were mystified recently
while flying over 'a quiet sector in
England when a 20 mm. shell ex-
ploded in the left horizontal 'stabil-
izer of the plane. There wasn't an
enemy in sight. An engineering of-
ficer investigated when the plane
landed and reported that the For-
tress had been hauling the shell
around since it had attacked Ger-
man installations over France .three
weeks previously. During that at-
tack, the shell pierced the stabil-
izer without exploding. , The hole
which it made subsequently was re-
paired.
syrup diluted with water several
raw eggs and one or two ounces of Dynamite Blasts Path for
castocastor oil or three ounces of mineral
oil
r
be given daily. Intestinal Big Oil Pipe Line to East
astringents, blood transfusions and "Big Inch," the longest and larg-
other medication should be given un- est pipe line ever constructed for
der the direction of a veterinarian. the purpose of oil .transmission, is
Native Drivers Submerge for
Pearl Catches Off Venezuela
Hundreds of small boats in the
pearl -fishing fleet off Venezuela's
Margarita island are reported mak-
ing a record-breaking catch since
the signal -gun opened the season,
the second week in January, after
a closed season of more than two
years.
Pearling has been outlawed for a
year at a time, but this restriction
proved inadequate to preserve the
oyster supply. Fishing is now per-
mitted for five or six months of ev-
ery third year.
Forty years ago Venezuelan pearls
brought well over a half million dol-
lars in the Paris market. Values
gradually declined until 1912 when
$25,000 worth was exported. From
1912 to 1917 values increased more
than tenfold. France normally
bought most of the best pearls.
Fishing from small boats—pira-
guas—divers can descend nearly 50
feet by means of stone "sinkers."
In diver's gear they work oyster
beds 85 feet below the surface.
!soil Conservation
Unfortunately, control of soil ero-
sion on most farms is not so simple
that one practice, such as contour
farming, will do the job. It is just
one of many that should be included
in a control program. Good crop
rotation should not be overlooked' as
another aid. Since no cut and dried
plans are worked out to suit all
farms or all conditions, each farmer
should work out the plan that seems
most suitable for those on his par-
ticular farm, then stay with it and
improve it wherever possible. O
being hustled on its way from the
Midwest to the eastern seaboard
by approximately 750,000 pounds of
dynamite.
It will cross 13 large rivers, go
over mountain ranges, and through
valleys. About 1,000 pounds of ex-
plosives will be used for every mile
where the rock and stone prevent
shovels from scooping out the earth.
Blasting ditches in the bottom of
rivers is one of the time -saving and
expert techniques developed by ex-
plosives specialists. With the help
of boats, barges, drills, dredges and
other paraphernalia, holes are drilled
in the right of way across the
stream.
Gelatin dynamite which works ef-
ficiently under water is employed to
load the holes. When every detail
of the preliminary work is complet-
ed, the shots are connected to lead-
ing wires, equipment moved out of
danger and the blast fired. The pipe
is ready to be lowered as soon as
the curtain of water and the debris
which has been hurled in the air
have stopped. Section by section
the river is thus crossed in a frac-
tion of the time possible by any
other methods known to man.
Advise Troops in India
A Pocket Guide to India is the
latest in the series of booklets is-
sued for the benefit of our armed
forces in foreign lands, the war de-
partment has announced.
The inhabitants of India are the
real Indians, and our troops should
call them that, disregarding that
mistake Columbus made, the guide
advises. It offends them to be spo-
ken of as natives, a term they con-
sider as connoting inferiority. While
shy and reserved toward foreigners,
Indians are responsive to friendly
treatment.
In this ancient land, more than
half as large as the United States
but with three times as many people,
our troops must be careful to respect
the customs,,the guide warns. There
is nothing funny about the term,
"sacred cow," in India. Cows and
bulls are sacred to Hindus, and no.
Hindu would kill one. Also sacred
are monkeys and peacocks, and the
turban worn by the Indian; Ameri-
cans must avoid touching a turban.
Harvesting Oats
To harvest the oats for grain or
hay, or let the dairy cows harvest
it, is a question which many farmers
debate.
There is a slightly larger margin
of profit in harvesting it for hay,
provided conditions are favorable,
experts say. On the other hand no
harvesting expense or manual la-
bor are involved when the cows do
it. Moreover, feed often lost during
bad weather at harvest time is
saved. It will pay farmers who
have an ample supply of good per-
manent pasture and sufficient labor
to harvest their oats. But if suf-
ficient permanent pasture is lacking
it would be profitable to give the
pasture a rest and let the cows har-
vest the oats, experts say.
Uses for Nail Polish
Press your colorless nail polish
into service on your conservation
program! Here are some wartime
uses for colorless polish:
Cover silver candlesticks, metal
ash trays, etc., to prevent tarnish.
Stop stocking runs. Prevent
scratches on precious metal com-
pacts, clips, metal fasteners on bags.
Protect first aid bandages (on fin-
ger, etc.) from grime and ravelling.
Protect costume jewelry and ear-
rings and keep metal bracelets and
rings from marking the skin. Cover
edges of the desks to keep splinters
from catching stockings. Protect
switch plates, doorknobs and knock-
ers from finger marks. Cover the
dark part of bi-colored shoes before
cleaning white part (to keep whiten-
er from getting into grain of the
leather). Paint over automobile
stamps before washing car window.
Polish soldiers' and sailors' metal
buttons and insignia.
Right Names, Different People
To give one an idea of how fast
the 'army works, it took Hollywood,
with all its glamour and extravagan-
za,several years to "discover"
such names as Lana Turner, Hedy
Lamarr, Ronald Coleman and Rob-
ert Taylor. In one week, Keesler
Field's B-24 Liberator Bomber
school turned up a Charlie Chap-
lin, Joe E. Brown, Charlie McCar-
thy, Bob Burns, two Ronald Cole -
mans, three Robert Taylors, three
William Powells and a half dozen
Charles Boyers—all airplane me-
chanics students no movie stars
Milkmaid Gives Clue for
Vaccine Against Smallpox
During a smallpox epidemic of the
late 1780s, when most people stayed
indoors, Gloucestershire Physician,
Ornithologist and Poet Edward Jen-
ner one day met a little milkmaid
walking about the nearly deserted
streets and caution ;d her to go
home quickly for fear of infection.
She paused only long enough to say:
"Oh, I can't get it. I've had cow-
pox." The words aroused Dr. Jen-
ner's interest and launched him on
an inquiry which lasted several
years, All over the countryside he
visited farms and spoke to dairy
hands. Invariably they repeated the
girl's assertion: Those who had
had cowpox went free of "fever."
"Made from coal" really menus
that one of several intermediates used.
in making a product i.s in turn made
from one of the several derivatives
of coal. Coal is chemically utilized
to make neoprene, a material con-
taining most of rubber's desirable
qualities find, in addition, having
superior properties of its own. Nylon
is another versatile member of coal's
family, The pharmaceultical induas
try is to a large degree predicated,
upon coal -tar chemicals; the new sul-
pha drugs are an outstanding exampe°
le but perhaps the commonest of
coal -derived medicinals is "aspirin",
acetylsalicyclic acid, Goal -derived
plastics are replacing tons of precious
crude rubber; for example, for coat-
ing Army raincoats, hospital sheet-.
ing, electric wiring insulation, for
hand grenades, gunstocks and radio
antennae on aircraft.
The list of products partially or
wholly derivable from coal, and essen,
tial in our daily life, includes anti-
freeze, lacquers and synthetic enams
els, water-repellent textile finishes,
flame -proofing agents for the treat-
ment of work clothing, fluids for.
hydraulic brakes and many other
diversified materials.
In 1796 Jenner was prepared to
put this rural belief and his theory
to a test. From the hands of a
dairymaid he obtained cowpox virus,
scratched it into the skin of eight-
year-old James Phipps, watched him
sicken slightly and then recover.
Nineteen days later young Phipps
was inoculated with smallpox virus,
barely reacted.
Almost seven years elapsed before
Dr. Jenner's discovery was accept-
ed. During that time he campaigned
alone, inoculated gratis as many as
300 poor Londoners a day. Finally
the medical world conceded that
vaccination meant immunity, and
for the next, 140 years it worked on
the extermination of smallpox, now
a textbook disease to most medical
students.
Devilfish's Mouth
Unlike that, of the other rays, the
mouth of the devil fish is broad,
extending across the front of the
head. The teeth, minute tubercles,
number in the thousands and are
arranged in rows over the lower
jaw only. When the nature of the
food is considered, this reduction in
size of teeth is easily understood.
Devil fishes feed on the small crus-
taceans, fishes, and other plankton
found drifting at the surface of the
sea. To obtain this food the devil
fish simply opens its mouth and
swims along, removing the nutri-1
tious organisms as the sea water is
sucked into the mouth and strained
out through the gills. There is a
special sieving apparatus located
just in front of the gills which is
found in no other fish: This con-
sists of rows of elongated plates the
appearance of which has been
likened to the stems of ferns with
tiny leaflets turned backwards.
•
Gain in Milk Production
The department of agriculture re-
ports a production -average of 12.43
pounds of milk per cow throughout
the United States with an average
of 4.9 pounds of "grain" fed daily
per milk cow. New Jersey dairy
cows made the greatest average con-
tribution to the "Food for Freedom"
program by turning oat 17,8 pounds
of milk per cow each day, closely
followed by the cows of Massachu-
setts which produced on an average,
7 P
1 .3. oundl of milk
'py.
er da
Cheek Casualties Carefully
The prompt, accurate, and sym-
pathetic dispatch of information to
the families of army personnel re-
ported as wounded; missing or dead
is the function of the casualty
branch of the adjutant general's de-
partment. Organized in October,
1942, the casualty branch took over
all duties connected with receiving,
editing, and dispatching casualty in-
formation. When a casualty report
is received, usually by radio or ca-
ble, it contains the serial number of
the individual, as well as his name
and grade. These data are imme-
diately checked with the "emer-
gency addressee card" which is on
file for every member of the
army serving overseas,' giving his
full name, serial number, and the
name, address and relationship of
the person to be notified in case of
emergency. Intensive precautions
are taken to guard against the pos-
sibility of mechanical errors in
transmission. Cases of identical
names, and sometimes almost iden-
tical serial numbers, mean that at
times the records of numerous oth-
V
Agricultural Urgauizationg
Plan Meetings -
During the month of February the
city of Toronto will be the mecca for
thousands of farmers from all over
the Province. Throughout the month
the majority of the agricultural as,
sociations and societies will ix hold..
ing their annual meetings and con..
ventions and , with serious problems
of wartime production confronting-
the whole agricultural industry, these
sessions are expected to be of more
than usual interest. In addition to
the meetings and conventions the
Ontario Department of Agriculture
is to conduct exhibitions of labour-
saving devices for the farms at the
Royal York Hotel from February 1
to 5 and at the King Edward Toter
from February 7 to 11. The Ontario
Crop Imnprovement Association is to
hold a seed display from February 7
to 11. The list of meetings and the
dates, scheduled for February, is as
follows:
Ontario Vegetable Grower's Associa-
tion, annual meeting, February 2,
Ontario Fruit and Vegetable growers'
Assoc„ joint convention, Feb. 3,
Ontario Fruit Growers' Association,.
annual meeting, Feb. 4° Ontario
Plowmen's Association, annual meet-
ing, Feb. 8. Ont, Crop. Iinprovement.
Assoc,; potato growers special meet..
ing Feb. 7; business meeting, Feb, 8,,,
annual meeting, Feb. 9. Class "13"
Fairs Assoeiation, annual meeting,
Feb. 9. Ontario Association of Agri-.
cultural Societies, annual convention,
Feb, 10 and 11.
Ontario Horticultural Association,
annual convention, February 24 and
er agencies of the war department 25.
must be consulted, Details of the programme for these
meetings and conventions are new -
being arranged and will be made
available to members in the near furs.
ure.
Must Force Oil Up
In Pennsylvania nature gives only
about one-third of the oil in the
ground, geologists say. Then it must
be taken by forced methods. About
a third more can usually be ob-
tained in this way, but a third still
remains in the ground, and must be
extracted by still more efficient
means than those commonly used
now. The usual method of "second-
ary recovery" is water -flooding' the
fields by input wells. Three, four,
six, or eight input water wells are
grouped around one output oil well.
All of the oil produced in Pennsyl-
vania comes from reviving fields
which once were considered finished
for all practical purposes.
Manure Good Fertilizer
Manure has no substitutes as a
general garden fertilizer. It not only
furnishes plant nutrients but also
•supplies organic matter to help
keep the soil in good physical con-
dition. On soils of average fertility,
well rotted manure should be broad.
cast at the rate of about 10 two -
horse wagon loads per acre. When
applied at this rate, one load will
cover a 'space. approximately 50 by
100 feet.
LOVE AND SERVICE
If I could feed one hungry mouth,
Give drink when parched and dry.
If I could clothe one tiny child,
Or still an anguished cry,
If I could cool one fevered. brow,
Or soothe an aching heart
I'd know that in Life's drama here
I'd play some little part!
If I could help the homeless ones;
Give them a shelter, too;
If I could take each jobless man,
Find him some work to do;
If I could give a holiday
To mothers tired and worn,
I'd' feel I had not Lived hi vain,
And thank God every morn.
But man cannot accomplish much;
By thought. 'Tis :more one needs
So let us all unite° and try
To, turn; our thoughts to deeds.,