HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 1944-01-06, Page 6Horne Garden Can Add to•
Rationed Food Supply
The family that has been' growing
its own garden can continue to pro -
Vide a good share of its own „food
Without regard to the rationing of
Panned < goods and other ` products.
The family that has not grown a
garden but has the spare time; the
Ian., and the desire to grow some
"o irown food can also contribute
to its own food supply in 1943.
Winter is a good time to plan the
garden to be ready for the first days
of spring .planting, to get seeds and
tools, and to get plans for plowing
ready well ahead of time.
A plan on paper saves time when
the grower is ready to plant. The
plan may be a detailed map of the
garden drawn to scale, or it 'may
be merely a list of the crops that
are to, be grown, the number of feet
of row of each one, and the prob-
able planting date for each.
Small -growing crops such as car-
rots, beets, lettuce and radishes
should be giouped an one side of
the garden away from the large -
growing crops such as cabbage, corn
and tomatoes. Perennial crops such
as asparagus, rhubarb and berries
should be at one side of the garden
also, where they, will not be disturbed
by plowing.
Study Shows Bonds for
Officials Can Be Reduced
Premiums on surety bond cover-
age for employees of New York
cities were cut 20 per cent as a re-
sult of a study showing premium
rates paid were considerably out of
proportion to Iow loss payments
made by the bonding companies.
The study bringing about the pre-
mium rate reductions was made by
the state's league of municipal of-
ficials, the American Municipal as:
sociation reports.
In addition, the study showed that
many cities and villages might save
thousands of dollars without impair-
ing their protection by reducing the
number of bonds and the amounts
of the bonds. In some cases, legisla-
tive action would first be necessary
to permit elimination of bonds, and
a committee of the municipal league
now is preparing a report on such
legal revisions for submission to
the 1943 legislature.
War Booms Building
With,the construction industry
straininto turn out the required
army and navy installations and war
production facilities, new construc-
tion activity reached 13.6 billion dol-
lars in 1942, the department of com-
merce announced. Construction ex-
penditures during the year were the
highest on record, exceeding the 1941
total by 2.5 billion dollars. All
emphasis in 1942 was placed upon
construction necessary to the war
effort. Due to an almost insatiable
demand for cantonments, air bases,
ship ways, and other types of war
construction, military and naval
construction alone totaled 5 billion
dollars in 1942, as compared with
2.1 billions a year earlier. In addi-
tion, new industrial facilities valued
at 4 billion dollars were constructed
in 1942, almost double the 1941 fig-
ure. The vast amount of new plant
capacity built during the year is
suggested by the fact that the total
of industrial construction in 1942
alone exceeded the total for the
whole decade of the 1930s.
Alcohol From Wheat
War conditions have forced the al-
cohol industry to utilize wheat as a
raw material, says a report to the
American Chemical society. The
molasses shortage, increased re-
quirements for ethanol, and the
large surplus of wheat are respon-
sible for the development. "The
majority of the grain distilleries in
the .United States have had little ex-
perience with the production of eth-
anol from wheat," according to the
report. "Prior to the conversion of
the industry to an industrial alcohol
basis, the . three principal grains
processed were corn, rye, and bar-
ley malt. Owing to a combination of
circumstances it has become highly
desirable that as much industrial al-
cohol be produced from wheat as is
feasible.
The Red Cross
In 1869 Clara Barton became in-
terested in the work of the Red Cross
while on a trip abroad. Returning
to the United States Miss Barton, a
well-to-do spinster, determined to
devote' the remainder of her life to
the formation of the Red ,Cross in
the United States. Recognition was
slow in coming, though, America
was tired of war. The political lead-
ers feared this international organ-
ization as an entangling alliance. In
1881, however, she succeeded in in-
teresting Secretary Blaine in the
movement and it was incorporated
in Washington that year. Now all
that was needed was the presiden-
tial signature to the Geneva treaty.
At that point Garfield was assassi-
nated. The next year President Ar-
thur signed.
Work Room Needed
Every farm should have a' work
space or room especially reserved
for repairing and constructing farm
equipment. The storage of new ma-
chinery, increased use of labor-sav-
ing devices to offset the scarcity of
farm help and the inability of local
service men and dealers to take
care of, all reconditioning and repair
work makes it highly desirable for
every farm to be as self-sufiarient as
possible in this respect.
'Army Getting Many New ,
Officers From Its Ranks
According to a war department
announcement, about one-third' of
the officers of the army of the United
States are graduates of Officer Can-
didate schools, which', means that
they won their commissions after
service in the ranks. Almost one-
half are from the national guard
and the organized reserves, and the
remainder are former officers of the
regular army and men appointed
from civilian life because of special
skills.
The commissions granted directly
from civil life were chiefly in the
medical department, the judge ad-
vocate general's department, the
corps of engineers, the ordnance de-
partment, the signal corps and the
army air forces. Many of these of-
ficers were top -bracket men in their
civilian professions commissioned
for duty in highly specialized posi-
tions.
• The recently announced policy of
filling future officer requirements al-
most entirely through Officer Can-
didate schools, the department said,
was made possible by the outstand-
ing success of this democratic sys-
tem. Reports from training camps
and maneuvers, and from the ulti-
mate test of the battlefield, have
emphasized the qualities of leader-
ship displayed by officers who came
up from the ranks through these
schools.
An Early Greek 'Prayer
Applicable Now as Then
An early Greek prayer which has
been translated by Gilbert Murray
is as applicable today as it was cen-
turies ago. It is as follows:
"May I be no man's enemy, and
may I be the friend of that which is
eternal and abides. May I never
quarrel with those nearest me; and
if I do, may I be reconciled quickly.
May I never devise evil against any
man; if any devise evil against me,
may I escape uninjured and without
the need of hurting him. May I•
love, seek, and attain only that
which is good. May I wish for all
men's happiness' and envy none.
May I never rejoice in the ill -for-
tune of one who has wronged me.
When I have done or said what is
wrong may I never wait for the re-
buke of others, but always rebuke
myself until I make amends. May
I win no victory that harms either
me or my opponent. May I never
fail a friend in danger. May I re-
spect myself. May I always keep
tame that which rages within me.
May I accustom Myself to be gentle
and never be angry because of cir-
cumstances."
Iraq Aids Allies
Iraq's declaration of war against
the Axis adds to the United Nations'
resources the world's eighth largest
oil-producing area. In the year of
the boy king's birth in 1935 the pipe
line from Kirkuk southwestward to
the Mediterranean port of Haifa,
Palestine, was completed. It stimu-
lated production in Iraq's,flelds from
Mosul to Kirkuk. The kingdom be-
came eighth largest oil-producing na-
tion, with an annual Crude flow of
more than 30 million barrels. Pro-
duction has been greatly reduced
since September, 1939, because of
disruption of normal distribution
routes, but the pipe line to Itaifa still
is a life line for the British fleet in
the Mediterranean. Agriculturally,
Iraq's future depends on irrigation
projects. The fertile Garden of Eden
spreads between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers northwest from
Bagdad. Canals from a new Eu-
phrates dam now irrigate the land
of Adam and Eve, while railroad
trains go swishing through. Barley
and wheat are normally exported to
Britain. From the palm gardens
around. Basra, port city on the Tigris
near the Persian gulf, the world
normally buys five -sixths of all its
dates.
Jig -Saws Save Metal
A technique of "cutting out paper
dolls" and making "jig -saw puzzles"
of them is helping to solve one
of war industry's toughest problems
—the scarcity of vital materials.
Thousands of parts cut from flat
sections of scarce metals go into
small motors, huge turbines and
other complex electric apparatus
contributing to the motive and firing
power of weapons of war. Many of
these parts are made from fiat stock
sheets. Some are simple circles,
some are triangular and others have
unusual shapes resembling stars,
banjos or top hats. A few. are as
complex as the microscopic pattern
of a snowflake. But when laid out
for cutting from stock sheets all
must be nested so closely together
that only a narrow strip of metal
will remain as scrap.
Farm Population Drops
Minnesota's farm .population de-
clined by more than 21,000 during
the year immediately preceding
America's entry into the war, ac-
cording to estimates made co-opera-
tively by the U. S. Bureau of Agri-
cultural Economies and the Division
of Rural Sociology of the Minnesota
agricultural experiment station. Dr.
Lowry Nelson, professor of rural so-
ciology at University farm, says
that the shrink in farm population
from 902,100 in early 1941 to 880,900
in early 1942 was probably accel-
erated during the remainder of 1942.
The last figure representsthe low-
est farm population since the indus-
trial boom of the First World war
reduced the number of farm people
to slightly under 900,000.
Argentine Oil Output
Grows; Aids Industries
Argentina's growing oil production
now provides a bulwark of economic
strength, helping to, sustain its in-
dustries and transportation system
in the face of wartime difficulties
of importing fuel from overseas
sources.
Thenation is now filling almost
half of its present petroleum require-
ments from its own wells. The value
of this oil to Argentine industryhas
increased because of the shrinkage
in imports of coal.
Like other countries of. South
America, Argentina has been de-
pendent on outside sources for coal
and some of its oil. Unlike Brazil,
however, Argentina has an oil pro-
duction that has been increasing
steadily for more than 20 years.
Argentina, second in area and pop-
ulation and first in per capita
wealth among the 10 South American
republics, stands ninth among the
oil-producing nations of the world.
The countries exceeding Argentina
in the order of volume of production
are the United States, Venezuela, the
Soviet Union, Iran, the Netherlands
East Indies (prior to Japanese in-
vasion, Rumania, Mexico and
Colombia.
'Zero Milestone' Built in
Place of L'Enfant Column
No doubt most Americans have
read or heard about the Zero Mile-
stone. Where is. it? What is it? It
is simply a block of granite four
feet high with a bronze compass
designed on top and it stands on the
meridian of the District of Colum-
bia just south of the White House
grounds.
This Zero Milestone takes the
place 'of the "itinerary column"
planned by L'Enfant, first capital
planner, for a place one mile east
of the Capitol from which all dis-
tances of places throughout the con-
tinent were to be calculated. But
for some unknown reason the L'En-
fant column was never built. On
the street side of the Zero Mile-
stone it shows the designation "Zero
Milestone" with the insignia of the
motor transportation corps, U. S.
army. The inscriptions on the oth-
er three sides show that it consti-
tutes a point from which distances
may be measured on the highways
of the United States radiating from
Washington.
Its erection was authorized by con-
gress in an act approved in 1920.
Medals for Service
Regulations covering the award of
three campaign medals authorized
by executive order—the American,
European -African -Middle Eastern,
and the Asiatic -Pacific -to members
of the land and naval forces, includ-
ing the Women's Army Auxiliary
corps, who serve outside the con-
tinental limits of the United States
during this war, were announced by
the war department. Although man-
ufacture of the medals themselves
has been postponed indefinitely to
conserve metals needed in war pro-
duction, the appropriate service rib-
bon which accompanies each medal
will be awarded to individuals after
their arrival in a theater of opera-
tions under competent orders. The
service ribbons, 11 inches long by
o inches wide, are worn on the left
breast over the pocket of the serv-
ice blouse. Each service ribbon is
designed to symbolize the area it
represents.
Haiti Helps America
Increased production of sisal in
Haiti for the United States market is
helping replace former supply
sources in the Far East and at the
same time provide a welcome source
of foreign exchange to help offset
loss of European markets for coffee,
sugar and cotton. The department
of commerce reports Haitian exports
of sisal more than doubled in the
last few years, rising from about
12,500,000 pounds in the 1936 crop
year to 25,535,000 pounds last sea-
son. The strategic importance of
sisal for war uses has increased with
naval and merchant marine demand
for ropes and twines, made in longe
part from sisal.
Evergreens and Conifers
Evergreens, as the name is com-
monly used, refer to plants which
retain their green leaves throughout
the year. All the Ieaves are not shed
at one time but they gradually drop
as they become overshadowed or
crowded. In some instances the
same leaves persist for 15 years. In
contrast to evergreens, deciduous
plants are those which shed their
leaves each year. There is a dif-
ference, however, between ever-
greens and conifers or cone -bearing
plants. Some conifers are decidu-
ous such as the larches and cypress.
There are also many broad-leaved,
evergreens which are not conifers,
asrhododendrons, holly and the
palms.
Peanuts Important Food
The essential part that peanuts,
peanut oils and other peanut by-
prodncts are playing in the war ef-
fort has led to the plan to plant
5% million acres of peanuts in the
South this year.
The excess acreage will be con-
verted into more peanut oil, while
the normal crop will be used for
human consumption. Peanuts are
an excellent source of energy and
are high on the list of the national
nutrition program. Their consump-
tion has, been increased by their in -
elusion in various candies.
V -Mail 'Hats Advantage;
It Can Hardly Get Lost
A striking example of how V Mail'
has come to be known as the safest
Method of transmitting mail over-
seas in war time was revealed by
the army postal service.
Recently, with winter weather con-
ditions - preventing.; regular west
bound airplane,, flights between the
British Isles and the United States,
it became necessary to dispatch
from England 72 rolls of film,.carry-
ing 115,200 individual V -Mail letters
on a United States merchant ship.
A victim of enemy action on the
high seas, this merchant ship was
forced into a neutral European port
for extensive repairs, and% It was
impossible to make immediate ar-
rangements for the dispatch of the
115,200 V -Mail letters to the parents,
relatives ' and friends back in the
United •States,
As soon as word was received by
the army postal service that this ves-
sel had put into port for repairs, the
rolls of V Mail on board were re-
processed at the V -Mail sending sta-
tion in England and dispatched by
a subsequent fast ship sailing for
the United States. This was made
possible by the system of numbering
each V -Mail roll and not destroying
the original letter until the film has
arrived at its overseas destination,
which in this case was the United
States.
Rugs and Worship Make
Kairouan Famous Site
Kairouan, scene of clashes in Tu-
nisia, is famous for rugs and wor-
ship.
Arab conquerors of North Africa in
670 A. D., schooled in desert cavalry
combat and knowing nothing of naval
warfare, chose the desolate, wa-
terless site of Kairouan on which to
build a governing town.
Kairouan, in April, long has been
a festive city where thousands of
visitors have gathered to examinethe
year's output of native weavers at
the annual rug fair. Fostered by
the French, prizes have been award-
ed to the best weavers, while com-
petitive exhibitions of horsemanship
and a large variety of side shows
have given the event much of the
character of the county fairs known
to all Americans. Jugglers, beg-
gars and snake charmers with bags
of cobras ease the tourist's dollar
from his purse.
Steel Built Essen
To the combination of coal at
home and iron ore in neighboring
Alsace-Lorraine, the Ruhr owes its
industrial stature. Nowhere is its
productive power applied more in-
geniously than in Essen, a sleepy
town of 10,000 until Alfred Krupp.
took over his father's steel works in
1848. Spurred by the son's method
of casting steel in large masses, the
modest plant became an industrial
empire, the payroll lengthened to
80,000 names, and the town could
Count 650,000 noses. Essen was def-
initely on the map. Bombed time
and again, the people of Essen have
lived for years to the accompani-
ment of sound and fury of their own
making. The earth vibrates' day
and night to the roar and rumble of
huge furnaces and forges. Essen's
favorite music was the rattle and
clank of precision machinery, and
the booming of great guns on the
proving grounds.
Autos Move America
Approximately 80 per cent of the
Americans now engaged in war pro-
duction depend on private transporta-
tion to carry them to their jobs, ac-
cording to the Office of Defense
Transportation. It is the individual
responsibility of every American
who owns a truck or car to keep his
transportation working for him; it
is also the duty of every serviceman
to help by supplying proper lubri-
cation arid such replacement parts as
are available, and to educate the
war worker in the conservation of
his vehicle. Based on ODT statistics
of 59,000,000 war workers and maxi-
mum public transportation facilities
for only 12,000,000 workers daily,
four out of five Americans engaged
in war work depend entirely on pri-
vate vehicles to get to and from
their jobs.
Counterfeiters Made Good
In ancient times the very practical
Chinese, confronted with the prob-
lem of what to do with people con-
victed for making counterfeit money,
decided it was a shame to waste
their talents, so they put them to
work in the mint making legitimate
rnoney. Slaves were owned not only
by wealthy individuals privately, but
the government itself held many to
perform various services. The bu-
reaucracy of the government, inso-
far as minor functionaries was
Concerned, was composed largely of
slaves, rather than of the type of
"payrollers" with which modern gov-
ernments are sometimes charged by
opposition parties.
Family Can Fight Fire
An annual farm fire loss of 3,500
lives and $225,000,000 worth of prop-
erty can be prevented if farm people
step up their fire protection. Family
organization is suggested as one
means of stopping what may be se-
rious fires. Each of the older mem-
bers of the family is given a specific
duty to perform in case of an
emergency.. All members of the fami-
ly should know certain facts about
combating fires. Being prepared for
fire also means having equipment
available. p
History Proves Gallantry
Of the Russian Soldier
The Russian soldier is traditionally
one of the world's best, and the fight -
in qualities he is showingtodayare,
Lf
what one should expect from him in
view of hisI? ast record
One of thereatest'achievenie is
g n
of the' Russian soldier occurred in
1242 when a Russian army under
King Alexander: Nevsky decisively
defeated a German offensive against
Russia. The Sovietgovernment, on
July 29, 1942, recognized this achieve-
ment by creating the Alexander
Nevsky decoration made of silver
for the highest display of. bravery.
Berlin had been stormed by the
Russians in the 18th century. On
October 9, 1760, a Russian army en;
tered Berlin after King Frederick the
Great was defeated. at Kunersdorf.
The keys to the city were turned
over to the Russian commander and
they have been kept up to the pres-
ent time in the Kazan cathedral at
Leningrad.
The Russians under General Su-
vorov were the first to defeat Napo-
leon's army, as early as. 1799, at
Treble and Novi in Italy. Suvorov
led more battles than probably any
other man in history and reputedly
was never defeated.
Home .Chicken Raising
Will Meet Meat Need
Many people will have to raise
their own backyard flocks of chickens
if they wish to be sure of an ample
supply of poultry and eggs under
wartime conditions, it is generally
believed.
The shortage of other meats is
resulting in an increased demand
for poultry products which can be
met only if more chickens are
raised.
While an increase from the farms
and from commercial poultry rais-
ers is in sight, many families can
resort again to the backyard flock
to supply their own and some of
their 'neighbors' needs.
It requires only a small amount
of labor for a backyard flock of
chickens, and, if they are properly
housed and managed, they can be
made a constant source of food for
the family,
Twelve to 20 pullets when produc-
ing and well cared for should pro-
vide an average size family with
sufficient eggs.
Soldiers to School
The army specialized training pro-
gram in colleges and universities of
the country will provide technical
instruction for approximately 150,000
young soldiers each year, Brig, Gen.
Joe N. Dalton, assistant chief of
staff for personnel, services of sup-
ply, said recently. These men, who
must be under 22 years of age, will
spend from 12 to 48 weeks in class-
rooms, laboratories and study halls
preparing for special duties in such
services as the air forces, corps of
engineers, medical department,
chemical warfare, signal corps and
the adjutant general's division. The
college will house and feed the sol-
dier -students in such a manner as to
meet army regulations and will pro-
vide textbooks, laboratory supplies
and other academic equipment. Be-
yond that the army will supervise
and discipline its men.
Pork Barrel Legislation
The term "pork barrel" legisla-
tion came into being when the first
bill for harbor improvements was be-
fore congress in the early winter of
1823. Opponents of the bill charged
that its advocates promoted it solely
to gain popularity among their con-
stituents at home by accomplishing
something which would benefit only
certain communities. They com-
pared the onslaught on the federal
treasury to the rush made by the
slaves on Southern plantations when
the pork barrel was opened. After-
wards river and harbor improve-
ments bills were called facetiously
"porkbarrel bills." Later the term
was extended to any legislation al-
legedly passed for the purpose of
political patronage. The total con-
tributions to a campaign fund some-
times are called the pork barrel.
Good Breakfast Helpful
Eat a good breakfast to start a
good day is a wise rule at any time,
but especially in a wartime winter.
Every active growing child needs to
break his fast with foods for energy
and body building. Workers on ac-
tive duty on the farms, in the fac-
tory, or around the house also need
foods that will stand by until noon.
Office workers may not need so
many calories as those who use their
muscles, but they, too, can benefit
from a good breakfast including a
variety of tighter foods. Even elder-
ly people in the home often profit
from a substantial meal first thing
in the morning, since many prefer
not to take a heavy meal before bed-
time.
Paint Aids Food Rationing
"Stomach Boredom" is the Wall
Street Journal's definition for flag-
ging appetites due to the sameness
of food served under the rationing
system in Britain. The British food
ministry has advised restaurant
keepers to paint their walls with
attention -getting murals in order to
avert' their patrons' concentration
upon the monotony of the menu to
more pleasant thoughts. Gaily col-
ored table coverings' also have been
suggested. A similar psychological
effect might also lm obtained by
bright paint on the table tops.
'Milking 3 Times Daily
w:
Would Boost the Output
Three times a day milking offers
farriers having dairy. herds' of 10
cows or less all opportunity to in-
crease production to, help meet the
ever-growing wartime demands for
milk and milk products, says '0.
Tretsven, extension dairy specialist
at Montana State college,
Dairy studies show, he said, that
more than 60 per cent of all cows
milked in the United States are in
herds of ten cows or less and that
they are owned and milked' by 90
per cent of the farmers who milk
cows. Yet these small herds pro-
duce only 55 per cent of the nation's
total milk supply. In other words,
Tretsven points out, with better
management these small herds could
produce much more and three times
a day milking is one means of boost-
ing production.
The dairy specialist also points out
that conditions now are favorable
for pushing Cows to the limit. Feed
is generally plentiful and there will
be a market outlet at good prices
for every gallon of milk and cream,
and for every pound of butter that
small herds can produce beyond
family needs.
Farmer's Share of Milk
Dollar High; Study Shows
A new study of operating results
of leading milk distributors in 33
states and the District of Columbia
shows that farmers and employees
of milk companies received 78.87 per
cent of the milk dollar. The figures
announced by the Milk Industry
foundation covered operations for
1941.
Average figures for the 141 firms
reporting showed a profit of 2.12 per
cent after income taxes. Wholesale
and retail sales of milk were al-
most equally divided with retail at
51 per cent.
Farmers received for their raw
milk 56.82 per cent of the milk dis-
tributor's dollar while 22.05 per cent
went to employees for wages and
salaries. The latter ,figure did not
include administrative officers' sal-
aries which were .74 of 1 per cent.
The balance of 18,27 per cent in the
rnilk dollar went for supplies, taxes,
containers, maintenance, repairs
and other necessary operating ex-
penses.
Colorful Shine Stand
Decorative is the word for Joe
Milone's shoeshine stand—and deco-
rative it will remain, for the part-
time bootblack announced that "even
if President Roosevelt wanted a
shine, well—just once is O. K., I
guess."
"The world's most beautiful
stand," is now on display • at the
Museum of Modern Art in New
York. It is a gaily bedecked four -
piece affair, consisting of a red,
white and blue bar chair with a
batik seat, a polish box, an extra
stand for the customer's idle foot
and a plush covered stool for the
bootblack "when there are no cus-
tomers." Milone made it from
baubles collected over many years.
Alfred H, Barr Jr„ director of the
museum, described the set as "fes-
tive as a Christmas tree, jubilant
as a circus wagon . Like a lav-
ish wedding cake, a baroque shrine
a superbly useless object with-
out price." Strangely enough, the
thing Milone hates most in this world
is shining shoes. He's a laundry
presser.
Dehydrated Foods
Although canning and freezing
have been the mast popular methods
of conserving foodstuffs in the Unit-
ed States up to now, dehydration
holds promise of supersedingthem
as a means of getting needd food
to the armed forces, allies, and oc-
cupied countries. Two and three-
quarter million tons of steel were
used for canning in 1941. Although
savings are being effected in the
amount of steel utilized for this pur-
pose, even greater amounts can be
diverted to war uses by more ex-
tensive use of dehydration. If de-
hydrated foods "click" with the
American people, there will be
"micro -stores" after the war, in
which a small country store will be
able to hold the equivalent of to-
day's super -markets.
Sowing Small Seed
Success with indoor -sown seeds of
small size depends largely on 'cover-
ing them. Very small seeds are
sown on the surface of the prepared
seed box and merely pressed into
close contact with the soil. A thin
layer of dry sphagnum moss
rubbed through a fine sieve is placed
on top to keep• the soil surface
moist, As the dry moss is very
slow to absorb moisture, the pan
should be watered before the moss is
placed in position. In a day or so
it will be saturated with water ab-
sorbed from the soil below. There-
after use a fine syringe for moist-
ening to prevent washing the moss
out of position.
Cash Dividends Drop
Cash dividend payments reported
in 1942 amounted to $3,559,000,000,
$482,000,000 below 1941, the depart-
ment of commerce announced. The
12 per cent drop from the high 1941
level of $4,041,000,000 does not reflect
any general deterioration in the
earnings position of domestic col•%
porations, the department said. The
primary reason for the high level
in 1941 and the subsequent decline
in 1942 was the substantial clearin7
UP of arrears in the earlier year. tern Provinces Is moisture.
The.ISpring Litter
Just Around theCornelr
(Experimental'Faf News) m N ws)
Possibly the best insurance .of strop
healthy litters next. spring lies in the
proper feeding and management of
the9brood sows this winter. The care
and feeding of the„ in -pig sows' not.
only affects the size and thrift of the
pigs at birth, but also 'influences the
milking ability of the sows after far -
Touring. Thus, it is good business 10
treat the brood sow as one of the
ravoured animals on the farms and
this will be amply repaid with a vig-
orous, thrifty litter of pigs, says E. B,.
Fraser, Division of Animal Husband.-
ry, ,Central Experimental Farm, Q't.
taws.
First of all, the brood sow needs
good Seed to nourish her unborn lit-
ter.
itter. Not only is a mixture of grains
desirable, such as oats, barley and
wheat, but there should be an addition
of protein minerals, and vitamins in.
order to provide a balanced feed mix-
ture. Skim -milk buttermilk, protein -
mineral .supplement and leafy alfalfa
and clover hay are all useful feeds for
the brood sow as an addition to the.
common grains.
The aim should be to feed enough of
a balance feed to kep the sow in me-•
dium flesh.
Winter accommodation for the brood
sow need net be elaborate, the main
essential being that she have a dry
bed which is free from draughts.
Daily exercise seems an advantage
and this can be arranged easily by
feeding at some distance from the
sleeping quarters.
Reduced to simple terms, the brood
sow requires good feed in sufficient
quantity and should have comfortable
but not elaborate sleeping quarters,
These are essentials in order that she
may farrow and raise a large healthy
litter of pigs.
V
Grain Mixtures Suitable Ast
Seed Oats and Barley
Can Be Separated'
Despite the shortages of seed oats
and barley for next year's use, many
farmers in some sections report that
considerable quantities of mixed
grains from the '42 and '43 crops are
available according to a recent Pro-.
vinc]al seed survey.
As interest in sowing barley and:
oats mixtures of recommended var-
ieties has been increasing during re-
cent years, such grain should, in
many cases, make suitable seed if
proper attention is given to cleaning
and separating such mixtures, ac-
ording to J. D. McLeod, of the Crops,
Seed and Weeds Branch Ontario De-
partment of Agriculture. After this
has been done, the seed may be mixed
in the proper proportions most suit.
able for maximum yields. Haphazard
mixing is not advisable, but for -most
soils equal proportions by weight of
oats and barley are recommended as
the most desirable seed mixture when.
sown at the rate of 100 pounds per
acre.
If the seed is not already in these
exact proportions, then advantage
should be taken of the nearest seed
cleaning plant where the services of
a carter disc separator are available,
This machine will pick the barley,
from the oats by means of indented
discs. It should then be possible to
obtain a Number 1 grade on either
the oats or barley seed. When only
the fanning mill or power cleaner la
used, the oats are usually blown out
because oat kernels are lighter than
he barley kernels. Oat kernels are•
larger than barley, therefore more
oats are scalped over the riddle ,par-.'
ticular]y if round perforations are.
used. This results in an increase ia
the amount of barley sown as coin -
pared to oats and a reduction in total
yield.
Owing to the shortage of seed, it
is Suggested that high quality (nixed
grains of recommended varieties he
saved for seed, cleaned, graded as
soon as possible and then Offered for
sale as seed.
v
Butter, Cheese Production:.
For the first eleven months of 1943
(January to November inclusive) the.
amount of creamery butter produced
in Canada was 299,3651,843 lb or an
increase'of 11 per cent on the produe,
tion in the corresponding months of
1942. During the same period of 1948,
the production of cheese was 155,.
810,177 Ib;, a decrease of 21.7 per cent.
on the months of 1942, and ice cream
Production was 15,867,706 gallons, an
increase of 8.4 per, cent on the eorre*,
ponding eleven months of 1942.
V
The limiting factor in crop produc-
tion in the prairie region of the Wes•-