HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1913-12-04, Page 4V,
Clinton News-Recoi4
December 4th, 1913
onservation
of Heal
tandpoint.
rot!' a
BY DR. J,
W. SHAW.
kket
Mr. Peesident and Members of the Canadian Ticket , contact (as in kissing etc.) and by tlie hands ;• for bowel
Agents' NSSOCiatiarl. :1111.1 bladder discharges the hands chiefly • and for all dis-
First of all I desire to express my pleasure at being
present at yew annual, meeting. It is also a privilege to be
, permitted to reed an address or rather 'give a short talk to
your reemb'ere. Fos the past 11. years I have been much in-
terested and enlightened by being a listener at yoar excel-
lent meetings and hearing suet, practical • addresses f rom
your members and visitors who are specialists in their
?several departments.
I thought I should reciprocate in some way, by helping
• along the good work so I proposed this address to yout
venerable and worthy Secretary to 'which he responded by
saying, "You would gracefully allow me. -
. As licket Agents_ you ate expected to be walking
Bureaue of information on all subjects relative to travel. I
thought a few suggestions on the conservatton and reteri-
thenof, health of your clients while travelling under ' your
direction as well as a few for the good of your ;own and
familie& health would be ac,ceptable.
People travellmg are .looking for suitable places For their
- always- peculiar complaint. These Problems should be intel-
ligently solved by the energetic wide awake Ticket ,Agent.
; All agents should be educated as regards health resorts,
the best means of transportation to them, the quickest,
safest ,,and stnootbest' route via rail or water, and become
Familiar with the advaatages, disadvantages and clauses oi
the territory, altitude and climate, through ; which they
' travel -for the different; classes of appficants. You must
encourage travel, 'Hie vacation habit is a good one. Im-
press upon our clients 'that they can do,a year's work in
10. months but not in 12, A generation agoit was the porn -
mon expression that the average human life was fixed ,by a
decree of fate. Pasteur did much to introduce a more oe-
tiutistie view. He stated his. belief that it is within . the
power of man to rid himself of every Parasitic disease.
loniay we can confirm hth words by absolute statistics and
we have a vision of the One when Cezetenarianp will ,be
regarded nearly in the prime of life. Old Countrieslike Frareie
and New Countries like Australia are confronted with the spec-
tre of depopulation. As human life becomes scarce it becomes
premous like anyeother commodity. There is a World Wide
movement to (Sensory° hunien life at the present. Possibly
the gr catest achievement of any country .is that of Swed-
en where the duration of life is the longest -the mortality
least. The improvement most general for all ages.
The reason for this is due to Sweden taking hold of not
• only diseases due to germs but all chronic diseases due to
personal habits of living.
Many of the public labor under the delusion that to avoid
epidemics . and to . bring health into their daily life they
must • be equipped with deep scientific knowledge. This is a
totally erroneous idea. Profound knowledge and tedious • re-
search are required by the scientist to arrive at • logical
and exact results in; the field of hygiene. •
But these results and their application to our daily life
are perfectly simple and clear. The old idea of "what was
good for our fathers is good enongif for us" has long ago
been exploded. What was -good enough for the last genera-
tion is not good' enough for the present because sanitary
conditions have changed. In those days pure air, pure wa-
ter, plain food. was universal in our country. The growth
, or, the great cities and settlements has altered the state of
things. It must be iinpre,seed upon you the necessity of ob-
taining health by the. prevention oE disease and not
by its cure. There is no best climite on 'earth for all
ople. Each one must be. :suited to their own peculiari-
ties and troubles, No one should live long at a retort af-
ter the improvement has ,stopped. People with throat trou-
bles should not be sent to wintry eiry and ,windy cliniatee
with high altitudes. Formerly thesepeople were sent out
west on a ranch to -rough it. Few came back alive be-
cause they could not obtain proper clothing, diet or hou ;Mg
nor medical attention, then followed worry etc. ; peace col
meni iP necessary for improvement. altitudes would
be beneficial to chronic Etrights .disease as there is increased
action ot skin and lungs due to 'log, barometrie pressure,
, low humidity, general invigoration 'supplimented by sun-
, shine, thole help the diseased kidneys. There are some dis-
advantages also. ,The prevalent winds, vast difference in
temperature between sunshine and shade, sudden changes
from 40 to 50 degrees 10 mountainous regions. In Denvor
as an altitude ot one mile the mercury often falls 50 de-
grees in 20 minutes. If your heart was weak, or enlarged,
graere results might ease° but if possessing a , strong heal-
thy he.art you would be invigorated and lehe system would
be toned up. ,
Iiigh altitudes are bad for acute Brights Disease or
with people with hardened arteries or dilated hearts.
Humid climates stimulate the kidneys to move actively.
For instance, Bermuda Climates Oat are warm, dry and
equitable as Arizona, Egypt are best adapted to restore
health and erelong lite: In the later stages of consumption
persons are often exposed to .the cold climate in a way
that can he productive of nothing hut harm. '
The treatmerst of this disease like any other should be
, modified and adapted to the peculiarities of each person,
• and only the exercise of common sense can lead to the
.. best results. •
The Old 'Public Health was concerned with man's etre
virement-the new with the individual. The old sought
. the sources in, man's surroundings-the'.new 115 inan him-
,- self. The oldsought the sources in the air, water, the
chargee, the things infected by them directly . or through, the
hatele, especially those things' which then go to the mouth
as ' food, water, eating utensils, towels, pipes etc,, etc. Fifes
also furnish an effective route espeoially to food, Water
'sitppliee are peculiar because bowel died bladder discharges
en itraeee., in the form of sewage, often enter them direct
iy, at times being deliberately poured into them. from city
sewere,
6. The relative importance of these ,vaeious routes in
the carriage of infection varies mech. ?", The amount , and
freshness of the discharges, the number and virulence of the
germs they .contain, the size and frequency of the dose, and
the number of 'susceptible pereens who are dosed, Must al-
ways be considered. Almost all the ordinary infectious .
dievese germs die out geickly on exposure to direct sun-
light, and fairly 'rapidly in diffuse sunlight, When, Mucus,
fees, urine are thoroughly ' dried on furniture, doer -knobs
etc. , they are not readily removed again , veithout moisture
and friction,- and when so renioyed the disease ,nerins 111
thein are likely to be dead or greatly 3:educed in recupera-
tiee. powers 'because Or the drying. Hence, as a rule things'
succeed in ceinveying infection only somewhat directly from
tthe infector to the infectee, and practically only during • the
limited period when the germs are still fresh and moist.
1. These new principleplace at the head of :Miele'
public health activities, the search for and supervision of
infected persons, and the control of the infected dischargeg,
for the purpose of excluding them from mouths, and there-
fore, also Dom food and drink. Prompt intelligent disin-
fection oE all the excreta immediately after their 'discharge
from the body, is the best weapon, in the supervision of in-
fected- persons. Isolation of the; infected person is the next
best, and is more universally practicable, because immed-
iate, intelligent, disinfection of discharges can rarely, be se-
cured outside of the very best hospitals for contagious dis-
eases The search for and eppervision of mild, early, con-
va.leseing, un'rec'ognized, and concealed cases and careiers, aS
well as of frank cases, is necessarily an essential item in
the scheme.
8. (The modern public-health deparimenit requires ex-
perts,' but not experts in municipal houer-keeping, in street
cleaning, garbage disposal, smoke preveoriai, etc. he' ex-
perts are the vital statisticians the epicleeneologist, the La-
boratory man, and the sanitary engineer, the latter dealing
thirdly With the broad' que,stion of water -supply and sewage
disposal,) The great public-health fallacy of the 19th century
eonsinted in tHE devotion of nearly all the effort to man's
surtouncling's ; of almost none at all to man himself. We
know now that the sources of infection are in mac.;
that the routes of infection' are the routes of man's dis-
charges ; and that the discharges are harinless until they
enter man again, It is truethat when the infective agents
reach their goal the resistance of the individual, pitted a-
gainst the. injurious powers of the infective agent, decidea
whether or not actual disease develops. But this tesis-
lance of thsi individual is not to be measured by hig sur-
romaiings :• It is intrinsic in himself, Alteration of in-
trinsle resistance do, of course, constantly occur, but the
faetore of these a:Iterations are, not, as a rule, to be readily
ascertained. We think that great extremes of malnutrition,
temperattite, eat so forth may "depress' resistance. We have
evidence that smoke nuisanee, poor ventilation, or smells
from slaughter -houses do not. In brief, granted sufficient ex-
posure to infectious disease, the suseptible individual will
suceureb, thobgh he live in palace ;• the imMune
wiel escape, though he --Peen in tbe slums, where sput-
um through the spitting habit, falls upon floors, steps, side-
Tliat these deposits dry and blow about as dust is
the least of the dieser, • especially out of doors, for sun-
light and drying disable' most disease germs. Sputum fol-
lows a Much more ineportant route leading to the months,
and tlith route is followed, not when the Sputum has be-
come dry and dusty, but when it is fresh and moist,- while
the germs in it are sti1l alive. This route is by way of
shoes, directly into hOuses. There, wiped off on the -carpet,
ft awaits the creeping baby • it :-mears itself on the baby's
s
fingere ; and he carries it directly into his mouth. Also,
in removing shoes, the owner of the shoee uses his fingers
and then too often the owner's fingers, just like the baby's,
enter the mouth unwashed. The value of anti -spitting ordin-
ances must become apparent. But, after all hands are the
great route ot exchange and hands furnish the great route
for bladder a.nd bowel discharge, as well as for nose and mouth.
From Iiirth to death those universal tools', our hands, go to our
mouth incessantly ; from birth to death. we use them for ,
every purpose. Hands encounter all discharges 'of the
body many times a day; and if not scrupulously washed on
every such occasion., they carry theee discharges to every-
thing they touch including other bands, which go to other
mouths The very handkerchiefs we advocate to cough or
sneeze• or blow our noses into, transfer these some dis-
charges to out fingers, the next time that we use them.
Then we sibike hen& with others, or feel the b•aby's new
tooth Visits to toiletS, unless followed at once by pare -
1111 hand -washing, mean similiar transfer of e the
toilet discharges as well, particularly amongst
children who, , remember, forty, • half the population.
The ,common drinking -cup and common drinking pail
ate bad . because they help to exchange mouth -discharges .;
bodily discharges ; but the unevashed hands themselves are
wenet of all, because of the discharges they carry are un -
'dilated andfresh and moist and warm. When strangers en-
ter a household, they add, througl ; mouth -spray and handg,
eheir ,dischaigge to the general ho, sehold stock ; and due to
harvesting help, ' threshing 1crews, etc. : introduce in-
fectioult disease ' into numerous rural families, and communi-
ties every • yeat 'Within the purview of the private citizen at
home, discharged are often exchhnged somewhat through
thine soiled by mouthsprey and hands, '
earth, climate and localities, temperature .of, soils at four
• or six. Met deep, the rise and fall of ground. The new
I'ublie Health seeks the sources and finds them amongst
thoev infections pereons and animals whose exceeta enter tg
Mance of other persons.
The old failed to find- the sources of infection -it also
". failed to find in most instances the routes of transmission,.
tater was suepected but milk hardly over twenty- years ago
and flies not thought of thirty years ago -not until the
,Spanish American ,Wer.'' , Mouth sprays and hands ,only re-
cently. recognized.. •; • •
1. .Infectioue disehses are infectious because they are
;due to 'the growth, in the , body, of ' minute animal or veg-
etable forms (germs), the .transmissibility of these germs
from body 'to body being the sole explanation why these
diseraees are "catching,"
2 Wherever in the body the geniis develop,. they leave
it chiefly in discharges, or by routes of the discharges, of
the nose and throat,: bladder, or bowel, i. e., froni the main
'orifices of the body. ,
71. The diScharges 'infect; another person practically only
whepttlia,t-Pereon takee the discharges, in :eome form, itito
the 'mouth or nose except in trachoma and the venereal dis-
k. Outside the body disease germ:' d ' not mul±iply i
• eaturc, °keep* perhaps rarely, and Very temporarily in milk,
water, or similar fluids. It has yet to be proven that ice
has caused , Fever in a gingle instance. Typhoid
may result from the use of ice but in this case it is due
to the handling of et by 'aerinfected person. general,
• even typhoid), bacillf disappear erom water suppliest Sveiithiu
two weeks, without evident multiplication. if introduced'
• into milk, eeriest intectious-dignase geems die out as the
'netlk geternes acid, generally in a day or two.. Infectious
diseases are derived directly, or almost .directly, from in,
teeter' .persons, not much from infected things, except water,
e milk, food and Ilies, , The danger froen, Oe general environs'
nient et an enfeeted person is therefore stnall.. The things, in
his neighborhood need little consideration, except • those
very irrime,diately, abhu,t him, and.' directly infected by hie"
, discharges, slide as bedclothes, personal clothes, towels, eat-
ing utensils; and ,other, inaterial objects, that may teceive,
and Setain for a One' fresh nnotht discharges. If • atten.
tion be 'efficiently An:toted to infected persons and 'their dise
cbargee, the general surroundings may be safely ignored, ex-
• cept in the rarest inetances. '
tis The routes by which the discharges of the sick per-
son,phss tie the well peeiron are 'exactly those' by which the
same diSehargew Pass frOnt? 'the weel person to thes.well per-
son in, ordinary life ; for nose and raciuth dthcharges the
routes are spettita and moittle-speay, oou"eVed through ll rect thea death 19, re treed to a minimum. After symptems. •
have ;developed Oere, is DO' hope for relief,. The ,Altne
'after Rabiee 'exposure '-fo develoettnent ol eyneptones'• Varies
from 8 days to 6 Months under natural conditions. It is
Muth more safe travellieg,in the 'rrepies than fel:Melly on ac -
vomit of' maIaric Which caused so mann ;deaths' that . the
build -Me of -the •Panaina Canal hadtO'be abandoned' by the
French and, until the Annetigans ,made it safe' by destroying
'the Cease of Malaria:and Protecting tine workmen was
possible to build 'the Canal, In India in ; 1,892 out' of seven,
nrillien deaths 5 Million were dne. te:feyet mostly Malaria..
..The. Same was true of China, Central, and • Sonth. Arreerrea•
3 Cut of 7 British Soldiers in India suffered 'hem malaria,
.annually. On the West Coast of Africa the soldiers have
two attacks a year. The fall ofthe Roman Empire com-
menced with the, introduction 'of •:Malaria, • ; '
The 'cure is drainage, quinine' and , ridding.. or mosquitoes
and destroying their breeding .places. Not , until ;1897 , when '
Die Ross, solved the mystery that the mosquito wag:the
carrier from' .man to man was it possible t� Combat the'
disease ;, he • ndvised ,fhe use 'of' mosquito netting and pour-
inc oil, on the Wates' of the breeding places. The death.
rai e is> the Canal 'none to -day is less than thht • of New
Y ork city ; almost the Same may be said of Yellow Fever
the germ of which is carried by the mosquito. • The change
reduced the death rate ,from Yellow Fever 'in Havana from
302 in1900 ,to 5, in 1901 and 0 in 1902.
' Never has tireventative medicine mon so decisive a vic-
tory, a vietory based upon scientific research.
The Tsetse fly is undoubtedly the, most dangerous s.11.-
emy of Man end beast where it exists ; up to 1906 the bite
of an Mfected fly was invariably fatal. In one year, 1(this
disease called the sleePing sickness)) was the cause in, the
district of Victoria, Nyanza of 200,000 deaths, among the
natives ; besides countless' deaths among horses, cattle, ze-
bras,. antelope Mid buffalo.
Bubonic plague is the ,eneargement of glands of the, body
common to man and the lower animdfs, especially rats;
cats and ground squisrele. The fleas of the rats infected
with the plague'. 'transmit the disease while biting man.
'rhis was tire disease known in history as the Black Death.
The Justin Plague ete. The dispage is always more •or
less common in India, Apia Minor and Arabia with a high
mortality. As few isolated cases come to this Continent
from Europe carried by rats' in vessels, furs dresses, etc.
Between the prevention oE disease and the 'preservation
of heaUli there is no essential difference. The prevention
of disease has proved to be the greatest achievement of the
Science of Medieine of to -day. There seems to be a great
effort being made towards a physical regeneration of the
Human Race. There • are other diseases than contagious
ones. Civilized humanity, even when not unclean outwardly
is unhealthly because it' leads an unnatural mode of life.
Modern civilization imposes a sedentary mode of life upon a
large proportion of the people which means lack of proper,
exetciee, defective breathing, defective circulation, defective
sleep, leading to, diminished vitality of the organs and a
tendesey to diseases and ailneents of all kinds. Civilize
humani ty is halt sick and much more diseased than is ap-
parent. All men who do not take exercise enough are un-
healthy. The great hygienic problem of our tittles is there-
fore so to combine the exercise of savage existence with the
occupations of, civilized life, as to insure the highest degree
of physical health together with the highest degree ot in-
tellectual and moral health ; so acquire the habit of regul
ar exercise.
I , •
THE' PHENOMENA OF IMMUNITY.
There is a natural immunity, acquired immunity and ar-
tificial immunity. The fist consists of a natural resistance
possessed by persons to organisms highly virulent to other
persone. This is due in, the presence of protective eubstan-
cos or antibodies in the blood flaids 'Which ;enders the con-
dition in the body unfavorable' tei the growth or multiplic-
ation of these disease organisms.
2, Acquired immunity.
Alta a person has successfully passed through an at-
tack of typhoid fever, small pox, scarlet fever or measles,
these diseases leave in the system. a series of antitoxines or
antibodies. Artificial immunity ib producee by manufac-
tined vaccines injected into the system. These are cpiled
ilecierial vaccines and consist of' suspensions or killed bac-
teria in a salt sotution s.tandardized by 'counting the num-
ber per C. C. of fluid. Certain substances in the blood and'
other fluids . act upon these bacteria and modify them in
such a way that they are taken up and digested hY the
Phagocytes (whitecells)
These substances are called opsonins. The estimate ot
the amount of opsonins in the 13„gdY or an infe:,,ed Inwson
compared with that of a normal man. The ratio • eetweee
the two 15 the 'Opsonic
- The term vaccine now properlyrefers to the ,verus deriv-
ed hem Bovines. So when these ibacterines or vaccine' are
injected into the tissues of a' patient stiffeninge-from an in-
fectious • disease, a oeuresponding getrui Say of typhoid
,fevere the .formaticin of a . special opsonins or 'antibody ,hay-,
'ing':the power .of peppering, that germ for di:seethe'', is',etini-
nlaied. The ,blood and lymph thus strengthened Circulating
:through the par* infected, prepares the invading germ for
,destructiOn. Of .cdtirSe -a proper' diagnosee of the infecting
; . The Yaecinek. most in use giving satisfactory
those Which You :as .agents should reconethead preCatitions
he telt& 'particularly When yoUr • traVellere are going to lee-
alitiek Where small pox is prevalent like, Ateina,, .Egypt and,
Imge 'cities: Florida and,the .Colonies, Where etyphoiC,ig.ea-
clemic, Rabies is • another ,dieease.. preventable by vaccines.
This vaccine should, beused as :mote after bitten as Possible,
sented. Witneee hes done all in Ins
power to secure thc. fends for thei
payment, hilt unto -date has not , 'sue
°ceded. The result is One judgement
against them in 'the. courts.
Roadway Far From COmplete.
The, present c`ondition of the rail
way was outlined 'by Engineer Middle
,'mist, .of the, Oilliatio Railway Board
Who, had been instructedtO go ove
the route.
6Iefound fourteen and a hall Miles of
track roughly Mid' down," he stated
"with no indicatinnof e having Imo
lined up, arid filled with 'weeds an.
grasa. The culverts'fiad been wash
ed away. To finish this 141 miles
r have estimated that it would take,
outside of the question, of profits,
$75,481, Generally the claes of work
except the trestle; was not verydif
ficult. Tlie cement work on the ,nut
vette was fairly gobd, but the bar
had been left on the, bios, dnd that
not very good vvork. Sinlicient span.
had not been left, for the roadbed. I
most places it would be graded up•t
a level of nine feet, where there
should ha
fourteen feet to allow for the • ban
slipping from complete."
away.' That roadway ,is 'fa
lvveobkeilenro,rattea
•
Worth
least ir1een. o
, t7h87.'
All the work ,showing on the road -
wary, Mr.. Middlemist valued at $297,
6410, or, deducting the • contractor's
normal profit, it would be valued' a
$261,767, These. figures were cor
roborated by Mr. Edwin E. Lewis
contractor, who `went over -the rola°
with the board's 'engineer. ' •
If Moyes Would Only Tell?
The continuation of the evidence of
Mr. MacEwart cif Goderich, secretary
ot the West Shore Railway at the
investigation was as follows• '
Last Meeting, July, 1908.
The railway contract with the con-
struebion company was completed, Mr
MacEwan, believed, Some time be-
tween April and .July of 1908. The
laSt regularly called meeting witness
'ever attended was on July 20, 1908.
Authority had already been, given for
the bond issue of $400,000, guaran-
teed by the municipalities, at 95 pri-
or to this date.
One of 1 lin pecular features
brought out by Mr, MacEwan's
evidence was that though he was the
secretary of the Ontario West Shore
Rairviray, he had never made any em
tries in the minute books.
''How do you account for that ?'
Mr. Proudfoot ,demanded.
"I thought that later on I would
have charge at the head office at
• doderich."
"It looks as though Mr. Moyes
• had tillage pretty nnich in his own
hattds ?"
"He did."
As to the concerts known as the
Huron Construction Company, wit-
ness said be had never had anything
Lo do with them. His understand-
ing ot this organation was very vag-
gue. Mr. Moyes, he said, had the
direction of the work. He had net?-
• . er met any 01 the members of the
concern.
No Notice of Meeting
Under the questioning of Mr. Mal-
colm, representative 'of Kincardine
and the township of Huron, Mx. Mac -
Ewan seated that he did not reneem-
ber having ever sent out notices of
their meetings to the municipalities
interested. ,
Coining to the point of the outlay
of the money, witness stated the pay-
roll, was Made out by Mr. Roberts,
engineer in charge of construction,
The pay rolls had, been sent to.l'or-
onto, and they were among, the miss-
ing documents. The list ot accounts
contracted by the railway each month
was checked, over by the witness, and
he, under the pewee of ,attorney giv-
en him by Mr. Moyes, also signed the
checks.
"Did the accounts sent up by you
correspond with the amount paid out
by the Trust Company ?" inquired
• Mr. Profidfoot.
"I haven't checked that up yet."
The money disbursed, through him
totalled $195,000, of which $170,000
• had been paid the Huron Construc-
• tion Company the balance being paid
into the •J. W. Moyes account.
Rails Cost $75,000..
• The $170,000, witness stated under
e the questioning of Mr. Malcolm, diel
not include the cost of steel, switch-
• ing material, or various other items.
, • Theee would be Mr. 1VIacEevan 'fan-
cied $75,000 or $80,000 paid out tor .
rails, exclusive of the above sum, but
he did not care to hazard a guess as
to the total of these outside acemmis,
though he knew all were very thor-
oughly scruitinized first by . himself,
then by , Mr. Moyes, befone payment.
• The position of Mr, Roberts, witness
stated was that of engineer of the
Ontario West Shore Railway.
• `Was be, also in the employ of the
Conetruction Conmany ?" inquired
Mr.. Malcolm_ , ,
"Well, he dieected the' engineering
work,"
rk°se: eMploy evoltid pen. • say
•' he was ?" ,
"Primarily in the employ 01 the
railway, though his salary Was paid
• for the most part, by the 'Huron
Censtruction Company',
,
Had Tried to Pay Claims.
Since thats time wages and claims
to the Stan of $i,500 had been pre-
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Lippismott's Magazine ,..,
THE LAST CATTLE KING,
Alberta Is Steadily Turning From Her
Old Time Ranches to Wheat.
There is cum Cattle King left in
Alberta. He is Pat Burns, of Calgary,
the first, the last and the only Pat
Burns. He has watched the transi-
tion as keenly% as the old cattle man
-perhaps more keenly. But be dif-
fers with the old cattle man in that
Ice has figured out the ultimate result.
And he is not in the least pessimistic.
Pat Burns is practically the only old
time rancher left who cal still count
his 'steers by the thousne I. He was
one of the first men to try out the
country as a cattle-rei•ing distriet.
That was baok in '89, 000 he came
west with a few head of Lock. Since
then he has become s ealthy, won-
drously wealthy even der the west,
where they made money in a hurry.
Ile has two huge packieg plants, one
at Calgary and another et Vancouver,
has a string of distributieg and retail
stores throughout British Columbia.
Mr. Burns says, and he has argued
to the point many tin: ,,, that the
breaking up of the old Line ranches
will not only benefit the country, but
will also eventually benefit the cattle
industry. And he, explaine it thus:
When au area previously. used for
grazing becomes split up into count-
less sectionand quarter sections, and
is used for settlement, the large herd
disappears. But smaller ' bunches,
kept by each individuai'farmer, and
fattened and looked after instead, of
turned loose to rastle, take the place
of the herd. The total number of
cattle may not be quite as large, but
what remain are fed up and fat and
ready for market in the spring,' where,
as oftentimes in the .old days the ,loss
by drifting, by freezing, .by winter
atarvation was frightful,
lust now Alberta, with the exteption
of Mr. Burns, is not able to raise
enough cattle to supply her own needs
and those of British Columbia. and
the Benne steers, branded with a huge
"N. II." .on the ribs; are the only
ones you may see any more traveling
eastWard lot the old country. Last
• year only forty thousand bead of cat-
tle went out , of the country. Ten
years ago nearly four times that num-
ber croseed the ocean to make the fam-
ous roast beef of old England. .
Some years ago it became evident
that a change must come over the
method' of cattle raising. ''' The old
ranch system demanded, immense un -
peopled areasand as it 4 estimated
that twenty acres is reqUired. to sails-.
hll
ietorily feed Oe • Ateer, it was in-
evitable that settlement and home-
steading in the country coald not go
on without the saerillee'of the ranges
on the patt of the ,eattle raisers.
Therefore; 'as, settlersene
,ceeneneerl to
make applicationsfor lands the' 'Gov-
ernment i;IY degrees • cancelled the
grazing lease and restricted seriously
theeo,perations of the eagle ranchers.
In fact many of theAarger ontfits sold
out and quit Intel -nesse sweptaside
by the changing Conditions,
• The result has been that in the last
• few years there have been very heavy
sales of heifers and female stock, and
there are fewer,cattle, od the -range to-
day them there neve ever been since
1890.g-0iradian Crearier.
The Canadian Courier.
,
PLAYSGOOD BALL.
Fred. F. Pardee, M.P., Is No Mean ,
Hand at the Eat.
One sees such 'gatheringe in, the
great and growing West, T.o the
easterner they are, strange -thrilling,
but on -understandable. The "LIdest
inhabitant," Who was on the spot
when the "city" Was ' laid" out, just
fonr, and a half years before, explain- '
of no less than seven nationalitiee, a
ed that thee:audience was composed
conglomerate collection from the Old
World, and ,the New. They had turned
out,. three thousand strong, to greet
the Abell Penne Minister of Canada
on his visit to the prairies in the
SVITOIli' of „1910. But their attention
fOOlie tiine being was focussed upon
an earnest yoruig speaker summoned
from, the background by his leader
to bespeak tlie mission. of the tour.
There were men, women and ehil-
dren, of different races of diversified
ideals, of individnal aims and aspira-
tions.' They had come together -the
large majority of thenn-ot of curioe-
ity. At was a mammoth meeting, tax-
ing the capacity of the tYpical prairie
rink, but it was impersonal,segre-
gated, chaotic'. Then. the Young man
spoke. • He was not an orator, but he
had a message Hit. greeting was di-
rect; personal, sympathetic. And
when he sat clown the gathering was
unified and enthusiastic. It was one
and -won.
Just behind the press table sat a
hoary -headed 'stalwart who had glued
his right eland to his: ear as a sound-
ing funnel throughput the , address.
Everything about him proclaimed the
Fatherland. His accent was pre -
flounced. '
"Ach I" he exclaimed, leaning for -
‚ward and placing his big hand on the
arm of a nearby newspaper maim
"Who it iss?"
He was told. He norlded.his head
decisively, ,"Goodt, goodt," he repeat-
ed. "Dat young man hass un fu-
ture!"
The Young Man with the Fubure
was Mr. Fred. F. Pardee, KO,, mem-
ber for West Lambton and chief whip
of the Liberal party in the House of
Commons. He is 44 years of age -
and young for his years. He has all
the vigor and enthusiasm of youth,
tempered with tbe wisdom of an early
and successful Parliamentary career.
He was born for politics, Inc his f ath-
er was the late lion. T. B. Pardee,
Minister of Crown Lands in the hey-
day of the Mowat administration in
Ontario. But Fred. is riot the SOIL of,
his lather in the sense so frequently
evidenced in public life. He stands
on his own feet. He has come to the
front on his own merit. He has made
good on his own account.
Yet the chief whip is no exponent.
of the all -work -and -no -play doctrine.
No man is more ready to enjoy to the
full his hours of relaxation and re-
creation. Once the task cel the hour
is off his hands he is ready to parti-
cipate in the lighter things of con-
genial camaraderie. And he is al-
ways ready for a turn in healthy out-
door sport, and still looks the athlete
he was in his college days. It was hoe
it may be remembered, who captained,
the Parliamentary team that took the
measure of the newspaper men in
that memerable baseball contest on.
the prairie diamond at Melville dur-
ing the tour to whioli reference has
been, made. Mr. Pardee marshalled a
phenomenal team, including. one Pro-.
vineial Prime Min,ister, one member
of the Dominion Cabinet, one ex -
Speaker of the -Western Legislature,
one Senator and several members of
the House of Commons, life played!
first base' himself -and played it with-
out a glove! The press still charge
its unexpected defeat to the support
tendered the Parliamentary pitohere
Hon. Geo, P. Graham, by the man orn
first base, who "pulled down the high'
ones" with one hand, and "scooped up)
the grounders" with the clean-cut,
perfection of a connoisseur. More-
over, the newspaper fielders learned
to "move !away back" when the chief
whip came to )eat. -H. W. Anderson in
Would Look Queer.
A couple of years ago, when Gus A'.
Forbes was paying a visit to his woe
ple in Calgary, Alta., he played a
short season at the request of his
friend, Ernest Willis, then manager
of the Lyric Theatre, with the Em-
press Stock Company, of Vancouver,
who were filling a summer engagement
at that house.
Among other plays produced waa
The Charity l3all. One matinee, just'
hefore ringmg up, it was discovered
that the lady who played the Mother,
was not at the theatre, and Gus went
to Wily Bernard, the director of the
company, to ask him what he was
going to do.
"I don't know." said Billy. "Oh,
well get Mrs. - to go and read,
the part. What are you laughing `at?"
"Nething," said Gus, "only won't 11'
look rather funny to have some one
'reading the part of a blind woman?"
Toronto's Roosters.
The proposal to prohibit the keep-
ing , of poultry in Toronto, especially
roosters, eicept a majority of a matt's
neighbors consent, 18 evoking quite a
storm of opposition. It looks as if
the advocates of the .freedom t the'
rooster would (win out. They are
strong on the liberty of the subject
en Toronto, and' some of the civic
representatives think you are coming
pretty close upon the time-honored
sacredness of the home if you attempt •
to ptevent a man keeping a tooster
if he desires,' The crowing of a rooster
is not perhaps any more of a nuisance
than the thumping of a piano by one
learning to' play, or the unearthly
sounds made by some who practice
on band instruments, except that it
may come at a more unseemly hour. -
Stratford Beacon. •
An Aylmer Cat's Bright Idea.
A cat has developed a liking for
frogs. Daily Miss POSSy can be seen
laying in wait for a Canadian Bands-
man. She must have , heti French
aneestors. or -possibly a reel Parisian
transplanted, to 1> lee 0 r,,,,,pess for
frogs' legs. She dr ,'r 'seen, ear.
ticular whether th r,
legs -they all go LI ,e
Elgin Reformer.
Strong 1
A Bank of Engli
to a rope own
320 pounds:
Buffalo Cows Fierce:
Buffalo cows in the pi,ek at Wainwright have be, come very fierce,' and
in all probabillty it will be necessary
to shoot them. ' •
Chatham Is Busy.'
The total cost of the building opera-
tions in Chatham, Ont., is giv'en as
$22,650, ati increas of 31.8 per coat
trier April 1911. :see,