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Home My WebLink AboutThe Clinton News Record, 1918-6-20, Page 2!L, D. MuTA►GGNAT 14, D. 1¢.crl`t1KKl1N1 McTaggart Bros. BAN1ii?!t5--• X OFINETtAt. !IANRTNO BUST. NESS TRANSACTED.. NOTES DISCOUNTED, 1)ItAIrTB ISSUED INTEREST A_LLO"WED ON .D$• POSITS. SALE NQTI111 FOR. CHANED. II. T. RA15CS NOTARY I'LJ$f.IO, CONVEY-, ANCFR, 1riNANCIAL,REAL'. ESTATE AND FiRE MNAU I- ANCE AGENT. R>II'IIISENx ITG 14 FIRS FNUDUANCII COMPANIES. SIV1$1(» t'OVUT crV1UL, GLiNTS*. W. RETDONII. EARitISTER. SOLICITOR. . Ilt)T,tditT Pt! BLIP, ETC, emee-•- IIean Sleek--CIuG.NTO5 M. G. CAMERON A,O. BARRISTER, SOLICITOR. CON V EYAN CER, ETO. Qgine en Albert Street oeeuped b1 Mr. Hooper. In Clinton un evert Thursday, tad on any day for which ap- pointments are made. ()flee burs from. 9 a.m. to tl p.m. A good vault in connection witk. the 'office Office open every weekday. Illi. Hooper will make any appointments tor Mr.. Cameron. DR. GUNN Office cases at his residence, cor, High and Kirk streets. BR. J. C. GANDIER Office lilours:-1.80 to 8.30 p.m., 7.80 to 9.00 p,m. Sundays 12.80 to 1.30 p.m. Other hours by appointment only. Office and Residence—Victoria St. CHARLES B. HALE, Conveyancer, Notary Public, Commissioner, Etc. REAL ESTATE and INSURANCE Issuer of Marriage Licenses HURON STREET, — CLINTON. t5 F.0 Et7R RLLiOTT Liceoaed Auctioneer for the County of Baron. ICorreapondenco promptly answered.; Immediate arrangements can be made for Salt. Date at The News -Record, Clinton, sr ley salting Phone la en 159, Charges moderate and eatiafeotles Rua,ranteval Sole Agent for Seralito l and D. L. Coal We are going to give every person a load of coal as the names appear on the order bgolc and must insist on pay- ment being made for same imme- diately after delivery. This is necessary as deliveries will be extended well on in to the fall months. TERMS STRICTLY CASH, We also have on hand a stock of Canada Cement. A. J. HOLLOWAY. At Your Service B. R. HIGGINS Box 127, Clinton - Phone 100. (Formerly of Brucefeld) .Agent for The Huron & Erie Mortgage Cor- poration and The Canada Trust Company • Comm'er H. C. of T, Conveyancer, Fire and Tornado Insurance, Notary Public At Brucefleld on Wednesday each ( week. At ..R.;" t.W J.LF; ��1t;5g;`: ,--T1ME TABLL3 Trains will .arrive at and depart from Clinton Station as follows: BUFFALO AND GOD13RICH DIV. Going east, depart 6.18 am, al al la 2.58 p,ni. Going West, ar, 11.10, dp, 11.10 a,m. " ar, 6.08, dp. 6.45 t1 it 11.18 p.m. LONDON, HURON & BRUCE DIV. Going South, ar. 7.83, dp. 7,60 a.m. a «4.15 p.m, Going North, depart 8.40 11 " 10.80; 11.11 a.m. The NoKillop lllutual Fire Inary ura1111e Company Head office, Seafo,'th, Ont. DIRECTORY : President, Janes Connolly, Goderich; Vice., James Evans, Beechwood; Sed. -Treasurer, Thos, E. hays, Ste. forth. Directors: George McCartney, Sea, forth; D. E. McGregOrt Seaforth $, G. Grieve, 'Walton; Wm, hints Sea - forth; M. .MeEteen, Clinton; Ferries, Ilarloeit; John Ben Robert Brodhagen; Jae. Connolly, Goderieh, Agentei Alex Leitch, Clinton; j, W, Yeo, (iodorleh{�Ed. Iiinci�gey, alet�forth; W. Chesney, Lr inomiv111e) R. G. J. rah th ;rodhtage . 4n Wen �' an r e I paid n maq he paid t "hoer sit Clothin Co ' Clinton, 1 t fyi o or 1 1, l i• Co'b G r ��tt fl i4 S t im la at 08 ski l t'e .g ifu w..r cls la Cd "S't. 1. ri t„ ., ansuc C ' v a ie Q � 9 ' pfoilipti,"aitel e p e will be Oil ICatio �r u ata rip 'a' tha -. I ave 0 y a tic �� vfisi a��rossod to' their respect, Vei putt atfiga, I,oaligs ' ;rtpected by the aired of ti'ho' lives ' l cuilAt rho Bos? 4P s CANADA BEFORE CONFEDERATION 11'he Growth of the Colony Under the Union Jack Until it Ac- nuked the Proud Status of a "Dominion" in the British Empire. When the capitulation of'7tontreal of 1700 was confirmed there were in Canada about 40,000 French descend- ants. Later came another 40,000, the Loyalists from the revolted Colon- ies, But these were scattered ie Nava Scotia, New Brenswie]4 and what later became Ontario. Both races,haii to work for extension through what was preetically virgin forest, How they did it is a tape too vast add too heroic'to be fully told in a newspaper article. Yet what were the commercial and other conditions in the yeara just pre- ceding Confederation? It was re- marked that the united Provinees flourished in all except politics. Trade had begin to grow with a rapidity which it has rarely been surpassed even since. Coming of the Settlers "During the quarter of a century that elapsed between 1842 and 1867, the crucial period of national develop- ment," remarks Bourinot, "an indus- trious population flowed steadily into the ' country, : the original population became mote self-reliant and pursued their vocations with renewed energy, and confidence increased on all sides in the ability of the Provinces' to hold their own against the competition of a wonderfully enterprising neighbor. Cities, towns and villages were built up with a rapidity not exceeded on the other side of the (American) border. In those days Ontario be- came the noble Province that rhe now is by virtue of the capacity of her people for self-government, thenergy of her industrial classes, the fbrtiljty of her soil, and the superiority of her climate"—a sulnmary of conditions written over twenty years ago, whose exactitude in every detail is only em- phasized to -day. • The Maritime Industry "The Maritime industry of the low- er Provinces," the same genial chron- icler -historian continues, "was devel- oped most encouragingly, and Nova Scotia built up a commercial marine not equalled by that of any New Eng- land State. The -total population of the Provinces of British North America, now comprised within the Confederation of 1867, had increased from a million and a half In 1840 to three millions and a quarter in 1861— the ratio of increase in those years having been greater than at any previous or later period of Canadian history." There had been since the forties a flood of immigration, from Scotland and Ireland in particular. The first Scottish settlers had sent back good reports and personal influence in a clannish race clid as much then as Provincial propaganda later. In Ire- land there were economic conditions after the potato famine of 1848, which benefited the Canadian Provinces, as the Irish settlements in Montreal, St. John and Halifax attest. About the sixties -the larger English influx be- gan, when artisans ratter than farm- ers came in to the growing eastern cities. Perhaps it is not often enough re- cognized how closely the date of Con- federation coincided with that of the blossom -time of railways in the Dom- inion. The terms on which New Brunswick and Nova Scotia eatno into the compact showed that they had realized how important the Inter,. colonial Railway would be. Its web- sequent history, whatever one MAY say of collective vevsus private own- ership, has fully justified the fore- sight of the easterners then. )n 1860 yheye 'Were only fifty miles of railway in the old Province of Canada. But the Grand Trunk was commenced, and by Confederation there was the highly respectable total of three thousand miles, including the fine Victoria bridge at Montr"oaI, which for the first time linked. up the American systems with Canadian lines. As in. steam railroads, so on sea,. The Cunard line of steamships was inaugurated by a Nova Scotian, Samuel Cunard, who had been a"suc- cessful builder of wooden ships in the Maritime Provinees. At the sugges- tion of Hon. Joseph Howe he tendered and secured the mail contract for the transatlantic passage. His vessel, bhe Britannia, started the first steam mail service from Liverpool on July 4, 1840. . In the same period the development of shipping on the Great Lakes took place. - By 1870 there was "a good steam river service from Niagara to Quebec, as all readers of William Dean Howells (chow. In fact, in. travel the coming of Confederation synchronized with the going of the old stage coach and all it meant, Spread of Education Then still More important was the emancipation which free primary edu- cation brought. The year 1870 is practically the world's turning. point in this. It was about that year that Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy in Europe, with several of the United States and some of the Re- publics of South America adopted free and compulsory education for all. Indeed it has been clahned that Nova Scotia, thanks to Sir Charles Tupper, led the civilized world in this parti- cular. .K system was begun there in 1864. Ontario's record .under Eger- ton Ryerson is everywhere acknowl- edged. Another national factor which can- not be over-estimated in the twenty years before 1$67 was'the facilitating of trade through the fine banking system in Canada. By means of a facile paper currency and a sane me- thod of credit, this gave an impetus to trade in the middle of the last cen- tury to which no tribute is too high to -clay. Close study of the American system enabled Canadian bankers then to avoid many of their errors, so that, combined with the stability which Canada enjoyed as a part of the British Empire, there \-,vas estab- lished a confidence which soon invited investment of money within the Prov- inces. This has not ceased to -day, and it is possible that after the war experience will still more be that "trade follows the flag." All this may be "as a thrice told tale," but its recapitulation can only tend to fuller consideration at this time of what it was that went to the making of the twentieth century Canada, with which we are all con- cerned. Canada, Britain's Eldest Daughter. Canada was the first colony of any Empire in all the world's history to come to national self-government without revolution, without separa- tion, and without sacrificing the back- ground of the nation's history, says the Toronto Globe. Not -by the old way of war, and not at the cost of the alienations war al- ways brings, but by a new and Iiving way, by the way of normal evolution and peaceful development, came Canada to hold, on this continent, her place of national self-government and of international co-operation, the most unique place of strategy and of service in all the -English-speaking world. • A0d not by inheritance alone, nor by Any happy chance of geography or of history, but by the deliberate and persistent choice of the Canadian people, was it determined that Canada should stand up in North America, a Clinton News,- Ree'*'rd CLINTON, ONTARIO. Terms of subscription—$1.60 per year, in advance to Canadian addresses; $2.00 to the U.S, or other foreigif countries. No paper discontinued until all arrears are paid unless at the option of the publisher. The date to which every subscription is paid is denoted on the label. Advertising rates—Transient adver- tisements, 10 cents per nonpareil line for first insertion and 5 cents per Line for each subsequent inser- tion, Small advertisements not to exceed one inch, such as "Lost," "Strayed," or "Stolen," etc., insert- ed once for 85.cents, and each subse- quent insertion 10 cents. Communications intended for publica- tion must, as a guarantee of good faith, be accompanied by the name of the writer. G. A. HALL, M. R, CLARK, Proprietor, Editor. tt" Nome y every one ,bas rippingr tearing headeuhaa t m1, Pl`o d9ra4 elect III ilvor} ees,, l vvu r to ell: pD e�alc br a a' , 1f9 1 a `allot Sn+ ver Thai tt 0 4 e lee g$ is p 1 e•{ ht� h{ n ph awe R i t x $ la eifpltp s , 0 r, 1rid Pot ' 9 ¢ha �jr riat,� pagpjglq t� 4� tape lir ryry�diol. b o Tarbnto free nation embodying the democratic idea. Through a half -century of conflict, involving sometimes fierce political struggles and sometimes even armed strife, the people of the colon- ies of Canada came up to the rights and privileges of national autonomy secured through the British North America Act of fifty-one years ago. First by their representative com- missioners in London, and then through their own responsible Legis- lative Assemblies, the people of Canada declared to themselves, to the Government and Parliament of Bri- tain, and then to all the world, the Canadian interpretation and applica- tion of what history calls the Anglo- Saxon idea—the right of a free people to govern themselves. The coming of Canada from colonial dependence to national self-govern- ment was not only something new in world polities, a thing without a pre- cedent or a parallel" in the world's achievements, but also it released in the world's mind a new idea. It pre- pared the way for the coining of the British commonwealth, and in the mind of the English-speaking world it gavethe idea of World common- wealth precedence of the idea of World empire, Canada was the first -limn in the British family. The family has grown, and is still growing. Australia. came next. . Then New Zealand. Then, through the birth -pangs of war, came South Africa. Newfoundland has long rejoiced to hold itself a self-gov- erning colony in the surge and fogs of the North Atlantic. And, marvel of all, when this world war broke, from out the farthest East, with pledges of devotion and with sacrifices none but sons can make, came IndI ia, mysterious and mighty, an Oriental empire of the most ancient fame, standing up on the alien soil of Eur- ope to serve and to die in 'defence of modern democracy against the latest- born of W4tld empires whose insolent alternative . was "World-povgor or Downfall," And all this marvel Of the ages, this strange meeting of the East and the Vilest, this flowing together over the plains of Europe of the life -currents of the St. Lawrence and the 'Ganges —all thio is Froedor:ea supremest is- sue from what wasso simply done fifty-one years ago. The world's democracy took a new start when Canada rose from being a colony and began to bo a nation, and when Bri- tain turned away from the false mirage.1 Empire andr1 tobea m oflain r bo a gPg commonwealth of free nations,tion4 that on this fifty-first anniversary of Canada's Confederation, swings round the world singing together "God Savo the King," Two 'English women on a - Titan tractor plowed 28 acres in a week, THE BANNER OF THE BRITISH EI PIRE The Flag That Mies Over One Quarter of the Ilulnan Mace One -Fifth of the Surface of the 'World, A Bong To Canada, [Written by Helen Smog and recit* ed in His Majesty's Theatre, Loudon, nd England, by Merle Lohr,J They came In their splendid battalions when the motherland gave the sign, • From ranch and orchard and farm. land, front factory, office and lnei ]?'rpm theniiaald of the warm hued maple leaf and ,the flaming golden rod, Where a man stakes all on the task in hand, and gives .Ms soul to God. , 0 torn and brflcon battalions, when you've played your splendid part, You will take hack there to your home- land a bit of Old England's heart; In•the land of the warm -hued maple leaf and the flaming golden rod, We shall face with you the task in hand, and leave the rest to God, "His Dominion shall be also from the one sea to the other, ashd from the fleod unto he world's end." -.-Psalm 72, 8. The Union Jack, Symbolizing Three Centuries of Ilistory, Combines the Crosses of St, George, St, Andrew and St. Patrick. The flag under which the British army is fighting is not the Red En- sighaf the mercantile marine, nor yet the white ensign of the British navy, but the Union Jack, that we see "can - toned" (to borrow a word from the evil." In each arra we see the two crosses lying side by side and proper- ly of equal widths, In the opposite arm the white becomes red and the red becomes white. This is what is meant by counter -changing., When language of heraldry) on the upper the two crosses were thus placed side corner nearest the staf of the red by side, the red cross of St. Patrick fell on the blue field and it became iar. necessary to resort to another fnfbria- tion to avoid color on color. Hence ensign with which we are most famil- As befits perhaps the most vener- able flag among the nations of the the narrow white strip separating the world, a flag which has loft its im_ rod part of each arm from the blue print on the American Stars and field. Then over all again was plac- Stripes and on the flags of the British ed the cross of. St. George, with its Dominions and colonies, the Union white fimbriation. This produced the Jack has 'a long and complicated Isis- Union Jack of to -day. It is officially described as follows: . Azure: The Saltlres of St. Andrew and St. Patrick, quarterly per saltire, counterchanged, argent and gules; tory. Other nations have "scrapped" their former emblems, and set up new ones during the changes of their his- tory. The Union Jack, on the con- trary, can trace its descent to those the latter fimbriated of the second; dim times when knights rode in the' surmounted by the Cross of St. lists; when the Cross of St. George George of the third, flmbriatecl as the stood red against a white field, and last. flew victorious among the arrows of Other British Flags Agincourt; when the flag of Britain The Union Jack has a top and a met the "Bright St. Andrew's Cross" bottom. The cross of St. Andrew of Scotland in_'mortal combat. came in before the cross of St. Pati_ To Canadians and to the rest of the rick and falces precedence. Cense- world, who know nothing and care quentlyi the broader white stripe, rep - less about the venerable precedents resenting the cross of St. Andrew, and stern dictates of the ancient should be uppermost next the staff. school of heraldry, the Union Jack The red flag with the Union Jack teaches a particular lesson, namely, in the corner which wesee flying at that flags are not the creations of the sterns of steamships is known as color -loving committees and fanciful the "Aetl- Ensign." It is the flag ap- artists, but that they all have definite preprinted to the use of the mercan- origins, and every detail has a mean- ing, if you can understand their language. Story' of Britain's Flag tile marine, The British flag, the flag used by the army, and flown on pub- lic buildings, is the Union Jack—no more and no less. Still another flag is used by the British navy. It is a So here is the story of the Union white flag with the red cross of St, Jack, containing in its carefully George and the Union Jack occupies modulated stripiegs the whole history the upper canton next the staff, of a united Britain. It is a story of Thus in Flanders to -day the British heraldic terms and details, but 4f you soldier, if he is from Old England, read it, you will know how to hang sees floating above him the cross of the flag. from your house, and what St. George, us the Scotchman sees the is more, you will not reverse it, nor cross of St. Andrew, as the Irishman yet hang it upside down as a signal sees he cross of that venerable saint of distress. - who banished the snake from his na- The first "Union Jack" was adopted tive heath. in 1606 soon after the union of Eng- Outgrowths of the Union Jack land and Scotland under James I. The influence of the Union Jack (4 Jac. 1), and the "Jack" is supposed' has spread far beyond the British to be a corruption of Jac., which was Isles. It is safe to say that it has the common abbreviation for Jacobus left its trace on every Anglo-Saxon or James. The Union Jack combined emblem. The American flag, after the ancient flag of England, the red all, is nothing but the Red Ensign, -the with the ancient flag of Scotland, the red striped with white, the crosses of cross of St. George on a white field, white cross of SL. Andrew on a blue the Union Jack removed,. from the field, The two flagwere combind canton, and stars substituted on the by putting the cross of St. George thblue fiats . represent the union of with a white edge, or fimbriation as Newe States. Australia, themCabearea, ande the heralds call it, representing the Zealand,ckallaof the white field of the olcl English flag Union Jack s.r part flagsf {t ofth ed on over the old Scotch flag. The rules their emblems. The of the anti- of heraldry applicable to flags as well teen American colonies, allof antr- as to coats of arms did not permit quarianwill ten you, are emblem, them color on color or metal on metal, The outgrowthsagof the British emblem, white represented silver, and in a for_ containing the cross of St. GeorgecTohe mal description of the flag is termed other parts ofe the Union Jack. The "argent." Consequently the fimbria_ pictures inthe the S. grammar school tion not only preserved a portion of historytbooks to contrary, the bat - rag the ancient white field for the red that the Americans hacard and at the Toss tle of Bunker Hill loci on it the cross cross to repose in, but avoided the heraldic solecism of placing a red cross on a blue field. The first Union Zack was azure, a saltire argent, sur- mounted by a cross of St. George fimbriated of the second argent). The Cross of St. Patrick The union of Great Britain and Ire- land (1801) introduced a third cross into the Union Jack—the red cross of St. Patrick, which was a saltire, like ,the cross of St. Andrew. These two crosses were, combined, an arrange- ment which the heralds described as "quarterly per saltire, counterchang- of St. George, with, as the heralds say, the pine tree of Massachusetts for "difference." Many ie the time that British emblem, its component parts, and its descendants have clash- ed on the field of battle, but to -day the Union Jack has reached a unique stage in its history. For the first time every Union Jack in the world has joined in a common alliance against a common enemy. The crosses of the Union Jack have finally united against the Black Eagle, which Glad- stone might have justly called "the negation of God," The " flominion" of Canada. , It was only after much discussion of the question and after changing their minds more than once, that the Fathers of Confederation decided to call t}fe union- they formed a Do- minion. - Sir John Macdonald was in favors of calling it a Kingdom, says TSie Mail and Empire. In some of the drafts of the bill which finally issued from the Imperial Par- liament as the British North America Act it is provided that the Queen be authorized to declare by proclamation that the provinces in question "shall form and be one united dominion un- der the name of the Kingdom of Canada." "Dominion" was -the term finally adopted, riot because it'.was altogether satisfactory, but because it was less open to misunderetanding. To soma minds the name Kingdom might sug- gest the idea of separation; But,:12 the name "Kingdom" .suggested too soaring an ambition, the term "Dom- inion" seemed rather humble, to fifty. -ono years Canada has made it a term of dignity, one that 'tltordaugltter` States Of Britain throughout the Em- pire have been proud to adopt. 'The iti f Greater i i i communities 0 1 at lf- ova m X nom C stl g fi , Britain are now all "Dominions," That term bf distinction differentiates thele from the "eoloniesio New Zealand formally' odoptdci the name "D0111111- 1611‘," The :l3rltlsit C610141al Moo Was reor3'anired s01110 years air and a. Dominions; bt8loll vk8 ogieb isk4t, WAS A MEMORABLE DAY June 14th 77 Years Ago Parlinment of Canada Met in Kingston June 14th was a memorable day in the history of Canada and King- ston, for it was on this day, 1841, just 77 years ago, that the sitting of the first Parliament of Canada was held in the small frame building next to St. Paul's Church, Queen st., King- ston. In this building, which is still intact and occupied, the members of the Parliament of Canada went into session to carry on the business of Canada, then in its infancy. The speech from the throne was delivered by his Excellency, Lord Sydenham, Governor-General of Canada,- and after this event the Gazette du Canada published its first extra it Kingston. Tho guard of honor to the Governor- Generalwas furnished by the 14th Regiment. When you waste wheat yon break bread with the Kaiser., It was Ott .London, Engiserti, that the S'a'llies of Oonfederation mdt ht 1887 —iff years ago—hi it room of the Westminster Palace a lstedlwh leh le nowits c11ihcapacityinhabited by y C1, There Canthe iii,b many Canadians o Dominion Canada, r l5amn o f A horn the woe SEVERE RMI*UMATIQ PAINS DISAPPEAR Rheumatism depends on an acid in the • blood, hich abets the./'. 7n.uselee And ,joints, producing in. flammatlon,, stiffness and pain. This acid gets into the 'blood through ceras defeot in the iZligestive process, Hood's Sarsaparilla, the old-time blood tonic, le very successful in the treatment of rheumatism, It acts directly, with purifying elect on the blood, and improves the digos- tion. Don't suffer, Oat Hood's today. Close the Stores Early. Why not close the stores every othea day at noon and let the clerks go out and help on the farms? Wh'v not let the towns' employees, including .the town clerk, go out on the farm for the harvest rush? Why not close the law- yers' offices every afternoon? Why cannot the school teachers help on the farms during the holidays? Alberta Department of Agriculture reports no lasting damage to crops in Edmonton district as a result of recent frosts. CANADA'S CONSTITUTION IN TIIE MAKING At the Westminster Conference, Held in London, in Deceit} eg, 1866, the Idea of Union 'Took Shape in The British North America Act. The Charlottetown Conference met on September 1, 1864, All the invit- ed Provinces sent delegates, but the oldest colony in the Empire, New- foundland, was not represented. Tak- ing a later term in Canadian history it might be said that the conference was one of "bonne entente" more than of detail. Mr. A. H. U. Colquhoun remarks in his book, "The Fathers of nConfederation,": "The Charlottetown Conference was an essential part of the proceedings which culminated at Quebec. The ground had „been broken. The leaders in the various 'Provinces had formed ties of intimacy and friendship, and favorably impressed each other," It was, however, in the Quebec Conference that the working plan of the union was framed. The confer- ence began its sessions on October 10. There were thirty-three representa- tives present, These are the -Fathers of Confederation. After sitting for fourteen days they agreed on a set of seventy-two resolutions which were to be submitted to their respective Legis- latures. The first, which was pro- posed by J. A. Macdonald, seconded by S. L. Tilley, read: "That the best interests and the present and future prosperity of British North America will be promoted by a Federal union under the Crown of Great Brit- ain, provided such union can be effected on principles just to the several Provinces." An Historic Gathering It was a momentous gathering in the old building in Quebec, now de- molished. The thirty-three were in deep earnest about their work. Their sessions were held in secret. At the time 0 good deal of rumor` ran around as to what went on in the chamber, but the facts have since become pret- ty well known. The gossipy, charm- ing records will remain one of the most interesting parts of Canadian literature. But they cannot even be summarized here. The resolutions were the essential outcome, - A great many views have been ex- pressed about the act which has come to be almost universally known as the Constitution of Canada, Dr. Bernard Flint, the Clerk to the Canadian House of Commons, holds that the real "constitution" of Canada can only be said to lie in the unwritten laws which make up the British Constitu- tion. Prof. J, E. C. Munroe, pro- fessor of law at Owens College, Man- chester, looking at the British North Ainerica Act with the impartiality which distance gives, summed up the effort, not of the Quebec Conference only, but of the subsequent confer- ences and consultations with Colonial Office officials iii London; as follows: "A study of the Canadian constitution offers a special field for the inquirer. It is a successful ef- fort to solve the problem of uniting distinct States or Provinces under a central government. While the American States had to create not merely a central government, bat a government which, within 'the limits„ laid down, should be supreme, the Canadian Provinces had to organize a union, subject to a supreme Execu- tive, Legislature and Judicature, all of which already existed. The ,executive supremacy of the Queen, the legislative power of the Imperial Parliament, and the judicial functions of the Privy Council remained unaf- fected by the union, and this to some extent simplified the work." The London Conference It• was in London that the act was finally shaped. The Westminster Conference at London in December, 1866, comprised of delegates from the C.anadas, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia,, drafted the British North America act from the resolutions adopted at Quebec in October, 1864. The British Govern- ment was now a thorough convert to the idea of the union, and Cartier was able to tell the people of Montreal 4 few months afterwards how loyally the delegates had been supported. "It is a great source—I will not say of pride—but a great source of en- couragement," he said, "to the public men who then took part in that groat scheme, that it was adopted by the English Parliament, without, I may say, a word of alteration." "Provincial Rights" Battle To understand clearly what has be- come known as the "Provincial rights" fight, it is well to recall that one of the impelling causes of the Confedera- tive movement. was the fear that "State" right would run wild as it was believed it had in the United States, causing, some thought, the Civil War. In the constitution of the United States the powers not specifically de- legated to the Federal Government at Washington are within the jurisdic- tion of each State. The contrary was the effect of the Canadian con- stitution. Any powers not specifical- ly given to Provinees are reserved to the Dominion Government. How this has resulted not merely in the slow evolution of Provincial Parha- ments, Provincial courts of law and other departments, and how the ap- ` parent duplication of some of this work had to go on under the Domin- ion control cannot now be told. It is a long story of the gradual fitting of two sets of machinery to each oth- er. In the end, though the process is not yet finished, it can be said there has been evolved a facile and work. able scheme. Under it Canada has grown in strength and prosperity. In all this complexity ono thin stands out. It is the high standar of the Canadian Judiciary. To the Judges of the land has time after time fallen the decision of saying what the Fathers of Confederation ' aimed at in a loose phrase. The re. suit, where there was so little light to guide, has been such that Canada. may well be proud of the intelligence, the independence and the integrity of her lawyers In the strictly political arena there have been odd developments, some of them far other than those anticipate ed, but which do not seem in working to be attaining dissimilar ends those sought. For instance, in7111 United States the power of the Sonata grew at the expense of the House o Re. resentatives. In Canada almost the contrary took place; the Sen dwindled in influence and in pub estimation as the House of Commons extended. Conditions, however, are so tactful- ly observed on the -ono side, and con- trol so mildly exerci-aod on. the other, that, instead of causing friction, the actual limitations have become a the of sentiment and obligation; they form that unuttered something which gives the apt link of love to Kipling's lines: "Daughter am I in my mother's house, But mistress in my own." A Vital Necessity In Pe.oace ur Wr r The operations of Water -Power and Public .Utility Com- panies are a vital necessity to the Industrial and social welfare of Canects, and are MO essential in .times of peaces as In wal5 THE SOUTHERN CANADA POWER COMPANY, LIMITED—o, Water•Power d public Utility Company—, controls water powers capable of 100,000 H.P. development, and supplies light and power to over 45 municipalities hi the Eastern 'Townships and vicinity. These are two of our reasons for recommending the • 60(, BONP0 OP THE 6OUTHEERN CANADA Power/ COMPANY, LIMIT0, wlstelt we are offering `avith a boat Of Vein:Mon stoic, tilue giving investors en opportunity of bartioll?atin>g in the Fatur'e euo0aed of the.Cotepatiy. o�ld for special ,olroUlkrl' WI 1MMN "theaVing territory, ,;404t /Vi-r7o HoM o ! & COMPANY IAIVo ¢: a a>C Owl/tors�A%ate{ $ertontilo Trust I3idg, - w all�i tl gg 1t14t1M Street alatrell W'Sb4{"'"�NCEg1144i'liiW.'6WNb!Yi81i1r4rcMm4ar,pini+,re:.r,,.u+m.uwcu::.a,wnxa.+�vtx.. wnrarc,w„W+N/rMFf�mm,A.teaMNtvzYaYfi�i�L�'1