HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1919-7-24, Page 6CI-IAPTF, Ili.—. (,Cont'd,)
But then, ;after all, he couldn't,
Why, it wee like accepting charity
he hadn't earned it. Still, if hard
work end anguish of mind aeuntecl, he
*had earned it twl'ee over, slaving away
at the basic of Brett and Me -minions;
And he had matte good--ec far. Dad
had said Ste What a trump dad was
to speak as he didl And when dad
said a thing like that, it meant some-
thing! •
Well, there was nothing to do, of
coarse, but to go beck and buckle
down to work—and to life in the Dale
Street fiat, To be sure, there was the
baby, Of course he was'fond of the
baby; ; and it was highly interesting
to see her achieve teeth, hair, a bacic-
bane, and sense—if only she would
hurry up a little faster, though, Did
babies always take so long to grow
up?
Burke stretched himself luxuriously
and gazed about the room, The arc -
light outside had gone out and dawn
was !approaching. More and more
dlstisctly oath .loved. object • in the
room was coming into view. To his
'nostrils 'Rama the perfume of the
roses and honeysuckles in the garden
• below his window. To his earn came
the chirp and twitter of the bird -calls
from the trees. Over his senses stole
the soothing peace of absolute physi-
cal ease.
Once more, drowsily, he went back
to 'his father's offer. Once more, in
his mind, he argued it.—but this time
with a difference. Thus, so potent,
sometimes, is the song of a bird, the
scent of a flower, the shape of a loved,
familiar object, or even the feel of
a soft bed beneath one.
After all, might hb not be making a
serious mistake if he did not accede
to his father's wishes? Of course,
so far as he, personally, was con-
cerned, the answer would be an un-
equivocal refusal to the offer. But
there was his father to consider, and
there was Helen to think of; yes, and
the baby. How much better it would
be for them—for all of them, if be
accepted it!
Helen and the baby could have
months of fresh air, ease, and happie
ness without delay, to say nothing of
innumerable advantages later. Why,
when you came to think of it, that
would be enough, if there were no-
thing else! But there was something
else. There was dad. rood old dad!
How happy he'd bel Besides, dad
really' needed him.- How ever had he
thought for a moment of _sending dad
off to Alaska alone, and just sifter an
illness, too! What could he be think-
ing of to consider it for a moment?
That settled it. He should go: He
would stifle all silly feelings of pn!de
and the like. and he would make dad,
Helen, and the baby happy,
Which ntie tion having ,been satis-
factorily decided, Burke turned over
and settled himself for a doze before
breakfast. He did not get it, how-
ever. His mind was altogether too
full of time -tables, boat schedules,
mountain peaks, and forest trails.
Jove, but that was' going to 3e a
clandy trip!
It was later, while Burke was
leisurely :dressing and planning out
the day before him, that the bother-
some question came to him as to how
he should tell Helen. He was re-
minded, also, emphatically, of the
probable scene in store for him when
he should, go home at edx o'clock that
night. And he hated scenes, For that
matter, there would probably be an-
, other one, too, when he told her that
he was going away for a time. To
be sure, there was the ten -thousand -
dollar checic;`and of course very soon
he could convince her that it was
really all for her best happiness.
After she gave it a little thought,
it would be all right, -he was positive,
but there was certain to be some un-
pleasantness at first, particularly as
she was sure to be not a little diffi-
cult -over his running—er—rather,
going away the night before. And
be wished he could avoid it in some
way. If only he did not have to go
home—
His face cleared suddenly. Why,.
of course! He would write. How
stupid of him not to have thought of
it before! He could say, then, just
what he wanted to say, and she would
have a chance to 'think it over calmly
and ecnvibly, and see how really fine
it was for her and the baby. That
was -ujhe way to do it, and the only
way. Writing, he could' not be un-
nerved by her tears (of course she
would cry at first --she always cried!)
or exasperated into saying things he
would be sorry for afterwards. He
could say just enough, and not too
much, in a letter, and say it right.
Then,- early in the following week,
just before he was to start on his
trip he would go down to the Dale
i Street house and spend the last two
or throe days with Helen and the
baby, picking up his traps, and plan-
I ndntg with Helen some of the delight-
: ful things she could do with that ten
;thousand dollars: By that time she
would, of course, have entirely come
!around to hie point of view (even if
!she had not seen it quite that way
at first), and they Could have a few
really happy days together -some-
thing which would be quite impossible
if they shotild meet now, with the
, preceding evening fresh in their
minds, and 'have one- of their usual
vrretched scenes of tears, recrirnhia-'
tions, and wranglings.
For the present, then, he 'would
stay where he was. Helen would be
!all right—with Bridget, His father
would he overjoyed, he knew; and 'as
ifor bhe few tdilet necessities—he could
buy those, He needed some new things
' !to take away. So that was settled.
With a mind at rest again and a
;heart aflame with joy, Burke 'hurried
Into his ,garments and shipped down-
stairs like a boy:,
i, !His face; before his lips got a
chance, tolyl Anis father of his decision,
iBut his -lips did not lag long behind;
1,3:e had expected that his father would
!be pleased; but he was not quite pre-
pared for, the depth of emotion that
. h father's s ao
k his
Pathe
t t
,his s voice end dimmed
eyes and that ended the
i half -u er
tt ed yy
de
tlaration of joy with
`what Weis very near a so'b. If ahy-
thing, indeed, were needed to ton-
1 vines Burka that he was doing just
1 right in tailing this trip with hisfa•
titer, it could be needed no longer
after the
leek t o£ 'ineffable -
ot'f
cubic 'ease and
k p
ler ori that fetherla faela
1. Preeltfet , With lio r,ttich to talk af,
prolonged itself like a college -spread,
until Burke, with a cry of dismay,
pulled out his watch and leaped to
his feet.
"Jove! Do you know what time it
dad?"„, he cried laughingly, "Be-
hold how this life of luxury bas me
already in its clutches! I should have
been off an hour ago."
John Denby lifted a detaining hand
"Not so fast, my boy," he smiled.
"I've got you, and I mean to keep
you-afew minutes longer."
'
"Oh, I telephoned Brett this morn-
ing that you wouldn't be down till
late, if you came at all."
"You telephoned this morning!"
puzzled Burke, Slinking slowly into his
chair again. "But you didn't. know
then that I—" He stopped once.more.
"No, I. didn't know then that you'd
agree to my proposition," answered
John Denby, with -a characteristically
grim smile,, "But d knew, if you •ilii
agree, we'd both have some talking to
do And if you didn't -1 should. - I
meant still to convince you, you. see."
"I see," nodded the younger man,
smiling in his turn.
"So I wouldn't go down this morn-
ing. We've lotsof plane to Snake.
Besides, fitere's your letter."
"Yes, there's—my---letter," This
time the young man did not smile.
"I've got -tb .,write my letter, of
course."
1(To be continued.)'
BONFIRES AND PI,REWORKS,
Both Closely Associated and the Set -
Pieces Were Known to Romans. '
Fireworks, so closely associated
with bonfires, are supposed to have
originated in China, and the Chinese
lave ever excelled in their production.
They were certainly used by the R.o.
mans. Ciaudian in the fourth century
gives a description of a set piece,
Where whirling wheel and dropping
fountains of flee were displayed. Their
use died out until the return, of the
Crusaders.
With the'introduction of gunpowder,
the firework display became more and
more. complicated, and lire dramas
were enacted, with castles,'' burning
ships, and every device with which to
show off the pyrotechnical skill ;of
their organizers. Master gunners also
came into existence, who at first were
civilians, and their duties were inti-
mately connected with these displays.
In pageants and processions fireworks
were a popular feature and "wilde
men" and "green men" dressed up to
suit their names performed merry
pranks on these occasionswiththe as-
sistance of their fireworks.
In the river procession of Henry VII.
1487, the Bachelor's barge carried an
effigy of a dragon spouting flames, and
It is related that at the marriage of
Anne Boleyn in 1538, "There went be-
fore the Lord Mayor's barge a foyst or
waxier full of ordnance and which
foyst also carried a great red dragon
that spouted out wild lire." In 1575,
Elizabeth, on her state visit to Kenil-
worth Castle, was entertained by
lavish displays of fireworks, described
by Laneham as "a blaze of burning
darts, flyingito and fro, beams of stars
corascant streams and hail of fire.
Sparks, lightenings of wild fire on the
water, and On land flight and shot of
thunderbolt," and thirteen years later
came that Slily day when the first
glimpse of the dread Armada sent
forth the warning flame of thewaiting
beacons along the English coast, call-
ing her people to resist to the utter-
most, pstophetc of those' fires to -day,
which will celebrate once more the
victory over proud aggression.
In the times of .Tames I. we read
"there were then adiding in the City of
London men very skillful in the art of
pyrotectics"; and all through the
days of the "Merry Monarch" pageants
and fireworks• displays continued un-
abaaecl, while fn' the lest half of the
seventeenth century a considerable
literature on the subject -arose, the
best known work being that of Casimir
Siemienowitz, lieutenant general of
ordnance to the king of Poland, known
as "The 'Gaeta Art of Artillery," pub-
lished in 1650.
Later on the Green Park was the
scene of peace festivals and fireworks
displays in 1749 and 1814, The cele,
bratiou of April 27, 1749, in honor of
the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, was on
a most ambitious scale, and inciuicysd
festivities and fireworks of a very coin•
plicated description, A buiidhig up-
ward of four hundred feet long was
erected, with a central Pavilion, sur-
mounted by a huge sun upon a high
pole; a gallery was set up for the
privy council, peers, commons, and
lord mayor, and a special pavilion was
furnished for the king, but the effect
was partly spoilt by the great temple
taking fire shortly after the, proceed-
ings had begu., which resulted in its
being mostly consumed.
The Highest Alm In Life.
A class of twenty-nine pupils in a
Seho.ol of Agricultm'e were asked
ween they started to college: "What
is the highest aim of the eitieens,of
this ot,untry is the field of econo-
mics?" Almost every student said it
Was to acquire wealth,
'nwo months later, atter having
studied the principles Of econoinics,
the e(thio iiuestf0n was submitted, and
written answers in which-eieven pupils
said the highest aim is to secure wise
co-operation; six thought it. was to
train fi3f leadership; ten holiovod thltit
the grett alas should be td aegyritte ef•
flcidbey la"bi06'.'4`.0e"we of t e oliin-
ton that ab 'tar' aI ilior"`esfeatlh'' )j'
Oleg to t1[,} YI:fining elii e'tlieitttlilate
aim 'should bo to got control of the
markets; but ttie notices l
b 4 fact is
that not one adhered to his original
bofief that the aegttitieg of yealtb, is
the Supremo aim isn tiro,
"MOWER'S ROY."
How a Copsolentloue Objeeter Made
Good on the Rattleflald
A "Masmna's boy" may sound like .a
Weer, blit lie niay not prove to be .one;
no, riot evenwhen he grows up into a
conscientious objector to warfare. Mr,
Joseph Cummings Chase, the artist,.
who lute been in France painting por-
traits of United States generals and
of typical soldiers as well, gladly in-
cluded ono such in his gallery—Sergt,
A C. York—upon the aecolnmendation
of Gen, Duncan, evho called the ex
Molt for which York was decorated
the most remarkable of whish lie had
heard in tile whole war,
His full name le Alvin C. York. Ho
is a tall, rawboned mountaineer with
a red -face and red hair, and he ie prob-
ably about twenty-eight years of age,
Tae is a drafted man, and belongs to
the 328tH Infantry. He "got religion"
previous to the war, and, although 11e
11ac1 "toted" a gun ever since he could
carry one ain& was an expert squirrel
shot, be had a fixed conviction that it
was wrong to kill. However, he did
not resist the draft, and in fact he Re -
came a very excellent noncommission-
ed oficer.,Iiis captain tools an interest
in l'slm, and spent the better part' of
one night arguing with him, using
Scriptural quotations as the nhain part
of kis arguments. The result was that
York was converted to the war and
decided tb fight,
Soon after arriving at the front he
was sent out with a combat group in
charge of a sergeant. They.,cante un•
der the fire of a Hun machine-gun nest
anis the sergeant in command and all
the members of the party were -killed
outright except York and five men.
Iork, who was then a corporal, as-
sumed command, charged the machine•
gun nest, and captured it and took
several prisoners. The party then
Proceeded, and again came under ma-
chine-gun fire. The corporal, men and
prisoners flattened themselves out on
the ground, the corporal yelling to his
dive men to cover the prisoners. Yorlc
unlimbered his weapon and, in his
old-time manner as a squirrel hunter,
aimed his rifle fire at the enemy ma-
chine gunners.
"I asked him afterwards," said Gen.
Duncan, "how many shots he -'had fired,
and he said, 'About twenty-four times,'
That was an interesting'statement, for
sifter the encounter we found that
twenty-four dead Germans were his
bag. In fact, the fight only ended
when theoffcer in charge of the Ger-
man' machine guns offered to stop the
machine-gun fire if York would stop
his rifle fire. The enemy surrendered,
and Sergt York and Itis men marched
to battalion headquarters one hundred
and thirty-two prisoners, including
four officers,
Another.
remarkable fact is that
Sergt. York delivered his prisoners
to the nearest battalion headquarters,
which was not his own, and that at
his own headquarters he made no men-
tion of the affair. it was only by acci-
dent that the story came to his own
commander from the adjacent bat-
talion. The facts were then verified,
and for this action York received the
Distinguished Service Cross and the
Congressional Medal of Honor."
When this modest and pacifically in-
clined hero was sent for to have his
portrait painted, the artist naturally
enough sought to establish pleasant
social relations with a fbW personal
facts. So ho asked the young Tonnes•
seean casually if he were married.
'"No," he answered slowly, with his
Southern drawl, "I was always a kind
of a tlnonuner•'s boy.' "
FISHES THAT GLOW.
One Scientist Says They Are Living
Searchlights.
Tho inhabitants of the ocean differ
in many respects a800rding tathe
depth at which they live, but most of
all in their powers of vision. -
Fish that live at very great depths
have either no eyes at all or enor-
mously big ones. There are . two
methods of getting about in ,the
gloomiest abysses -by delicate organs
of touch, or by sight, that collects the
few rays of light due to phosphores-
cence or other accidental sources.
Tho fish, which live near the top of
the ocean have smaller eyes than
say, eighty fathoms down. Ono hun-
dred and twenty fathoms deeper,
where daylight disappears, the byes
are bigger still. Beyond the depth of
two hundred fathoms, small eyes pre-
vail, with long feelers to supplement
them
At this depth, in fact, sight is prac-
tically useless. In the greatest abys-
ses the fish are usually blind, feeling
their day about solely by means of
their sensitive bodies. Some, indeed,
show signs externally of having once
possessed eyes, but that is all,
In others—the oldest and most con-
firmed abysmal species --the eye has
disappeared altogether externally,
though traces of it are still to be re-
cognized, embedded deeply in the tis-
sues of the head.
•
Many deep-sea fish have a curlews
system of hollows in the skull or about
the bdtly which hold a kind of phos-
phorescent slime.
Oti
ors have rotind
or oval shining opalescent spots,
placed on 'the head or along the body
or tail. •
All of them aro abundantly sup-
plied with nerves, aid they aro ap-
parently organs for the production of
phosphorescent light. If so, such a
fish must swim about surrounded by
a faint glow, somewhat like that
thrown all by luminous paint.
One scientist eveu suggests that
those fish may have the power 'of
directing their rays in any direction,
like a searchlight.
•
Association of Ideas.
The most momentous association
sonietimeii attach themselves to the
meet trifling things, Thus at a dinner
the hostess said to a sour -faced elan
on her left: "May 1 help you to some
of the boiled rice''Mr. Smith?"
"[bide? No, thank you; no rice for
me, smith answered vehomoutly, "It
ig 1Lst.Seiated with one of the greatest
Mistakes of my life,'
Totnl number of men of all ratioli-
elities engaged in the 'Great War all.
pro thttated 00,000,000.
leaDDEN OF TEE AIR."
The British dirigible R-34, as she appeared at Long Island, N.Y., be-
fore starting on her return trip across the Atlantic.,
Science Helping . n� Nature.,
Seientiste sometimes give us un•
pleasant calculations as to the length
of bine it will tape to render the earth
uninhahltabie if we continue to waste
out resources at the present rate,
This generation need feel no uneasi-
mass about the cooling down of the
sun or about the exhaustion of the
Goal supply. It le, However, quite
time to consider the consequences, not
so remote, that will flow from the in-
creasing population of the earth and.
the much slower increase of agricul-
ture.
The available but unused area for
the growing of -.grain to feed human
beings and the animals that are to bo
slaughtered for pleat is constantly
,clintinishing, whereas the use of wheat
is growing at a more rapid rate than
the population of the earth. Nothing
short of increasing the fertility of the
soil can be suggested to meet such
conditions. But the .store of natural
fertilizers fs ah'eady within a measur-
able distance of being exhausted. The
only, great deposit' known ,the nitrate
of soda in noetliern Chilo, is esti-
mated to be 220,000,000 tons, and at
the rata at which it is doming into the
market that Supply will last much less
titan a hundred ,years.
Fortunately, a 'commeroially feas-
ible process, capable of unlimited ex-
ptinsion, has been found for fixing the
nitrogen of the air -thereby garnishing
an' artificial fertilizer equal to that pro•
vlded in niggardly quantity by nature.
The only materials necessary are coal;
limestone and air, but 1n order to make
the process comuiercially.successful it
le necessary to have cheap power, and
bocauee Norway has it in almost un--
limited
n•limited amouht the business has be-
come established there, The works at
Odde utilize nearly foo;000 horse-
power and' impound four-fifths as
much water ai Is stored by the As.
sounn dans on the Nile. At last ac-
counts they' were producing only 80,000
tone of fertii'zer, but Norway. can in-
crease its power for manufacturing
purpases to 200,000,000 horse -power.
The process is- interesting. Coal
from other countries and limestone
from Norway are fused in electric fur-
naces in order to snake calcium car-
bide, the chief use of which in this
country Is to produce acetylene gas.
Tho calcium carbide pulverized and
mixed with. titrogen in retorts heated
to a high temperature, forms cyana-
mide, or nitrolin, which is equal in fer-
tilizing value to Chilean nitrate. The
magnitude -of the Odde works may be
inferred frons the fact that they liquify
100 tons of hir a day, In fact it was
only when the cheap process of marc•
ing Iiquid air was discovered that the
free nitrogen necessary for snaking
cyanamide could be had, The boiling
point of oxygen Is lower than that of
nitrogen, therefore when liquid air
boils the oxygen passes off first and
leaves the'nitrogen for use in the
Cyanamide retorts,
NEE BU IN
MOUNTAINS LARE
THREE TREMENDOUS ERUPTION$
IN THE EAST INDIES.
When Tomboro Blew Up in 1851, 56,-
000 Human Lives Were Lost—Mid-
night Darkness For Three Days.
We hi this country do not realize
how lucky we are to be free from dan-
ger of volcanoes, which in many other
parts of the globe are -a frightful and
ever-present menace.
Canada may be regarded ae a finish.
ed portion of the planet, nature hav
ing apparently got through with the
world -building business hereabouts.
But in most other regions she is
still at it more or less—in Alaska, in
the Caribbean, along the Andes, in the
Mediterranean, among the great archi-
pelagoes that skirt the Asiatic) coast
and elsewhere. '
It is not surprising that the ancients
should have located Hades clown be-
low, underground. They had good roe -
son, derived from their own observa-
tion. For slid not its fires burst forth
every now and then catastrophically?
The devil's own kitchen, however,
would seem to be directly beneath the
Island of Java, where a mountain
called Kalut broke loose on May 20
last, wiping out thirty-one villages and
killing 15,000 people. Tihere are more
volcanoes in Java than anywhere else
in the world, relatively to the size of
the island, and since time immemorial
they have been making trouble.
Most Famous Eruption.
The most famous of all eruptions
was that of Versuvius in 79 A.D.,
which buried Iierculaneum in lava and
overwhelmed Pompeii with a shower
of hot ashes. But, as such plutonic
outbursts go, it was not a great affair,
The burning mountain gave warning
in advance, so that -comparatively few
people failed to escape in time. Pom-
pon's shower of ashes was not deep
enough to reach the rooftops. Indeed,
tiro eruption af' Mont Pelee. in Mar-
tinique, a few `pea's ago, was far more
disastrous.
Even Pelee's explosion, tremendous
though it was, sinks almost into ha
.significance when.compared to,any. one.:
of three eruptions that have occurred
in Java during the last century and
a half.
The first of these took place in 1772,
when - the volcano' of Papandagang,
near the west end of the island, 9000
feet high, blew up, throwing out
enough material to fill up a large lake
and burying many towns fifty miles
distant. Incidentally, the mountain
lost three-quarters of a utile of its
height.
Tho second great disaster arrived
in 1851, when Tomboro, on the island
of Sumbawa, east of Java, exploded,
There were, in fact, a number of suc-
cessive explosions, which were plain-
ly heard at a distance of 1000 miles.
In this catastrophe (not exceeded by
any within historic times) 56,000
human lives were lost. Something lite
fifty cubic nines of material were
ejected, and for three days there was
darkness like midnight over an area
with a radius of 300 miles.
Formed a New Island.
Almost, if not quite, as tremendous
was the eruption of Krakatoa, in 1883
—a mountainous island in the Strait 0f
Sunda, \between Java and Sumatra,
The island literally blew up, and one
fragment of the main volcano was
thrown tl'venty-itve miles, dropping into
the sea and forming a new island of
considerable size which remains to-
day as a memorial of this terrific in-
cident. For two days thorn was total
darkness for a distance of 270 mites,
and ashes a toot and a half sleep fell
sixty miles away.
The earth, originally a mass of flee,
has built its own crust (on which to-
day we dwell) ,out of materials
thrown up out of its bowels. We are
accustomed to regard volcanic explo-
sions as destructive, .but in a much
more important sense they are con-
structive, for volcanoes are land -
makers. Some day their work in this
line may be finished, but that time is
not yet.
In 1003 there were only 220 motor
yehicles in Ontario.
Most Primitive of Ferryboats
In a country where rivers are sub-
ject to sudden and heavy floods,
bridges are In many casee so insecure
that ferries moat always be maintain-
ed in addition. Such is the ease in
mina, and the methods of crossing
streams to-d&y aro what they have
been from the earliest times. . A U.S.
consular officer tolls how ho was
taken across an Indian river at the
time of a freshet. The contrivance
was simple, and has been used in the
Orient as long as history sltowe any
record.
A cord shaving been fastened to a
large, elongated gourd, and a smaller
gourd being also tied to it, tho native
gets astride, and laying his breast
upon the larger gourd paddles Ilea
self across with his hands anti foot.
Women, too, avail theniee,)yee of
this singular ooitrivasce, under the
escort of a ferryman, who, similarly
mounted, tapes his ehergo in tow, car.
ries' ]lei -basitet, with perhaps a child
Ith it, on his stead, and conveys them
safely across.
herds of cattle swine those flooded
rivets like water rats, and the herd
boy, as a matter al course, ta.kos the
tall of the hindermost bullock in his
hand, and thus going a very
comfort-
able lift neross,
These inetitods of crossing rivers,
iroWover, are hardly In accordance
with our ideas of comfort. So the of-
ficer thought one day as he stood, af-
ter a long ride, on the bank of a wide
and rapid stream which separated him.
from his halting place. He did not
relish the idea of buffeting the muddy
current on a horse of gourds, but as
there was no boat within twenty miles
it seemed as if he must either do tlhlei
or bivouac bn the tank without his
dinner.
While he wag in this dilemma a na•
the . signified that be would soon set
the foreigner tight. From a neighbor-
ing hut he brought a native bedstead
—not a four poster such as Western•
ors use, but a small, light frame of
wood having four little legs and held
together by the interlacing of a piece
of cord, which thus forms a sort of
petted bottom to this simple piece of
furniture. The native next brought
out four round earthen pots, and after
protecting- the bottom of each With a
few inches of gond he put the legs of
the cot into the pots and signified that
the vessel was ready to be launched,
As the oMcer sat doubled op an the
extemporised raft tin dompalty with
his saddle he found himself raised an
inch or so above -the level of tine
water, the eartiieti pots forsullig ad-
nnirabio floats, A couple of 'lusty
swimmers then took' WM In tow astil
80011 landed him on the api 0ji0_beui•
i,(,, 0
Drying Fruits and Vegetables.
All the fruits and vegetables you
can possibly save by sinning or dry-
ing should be saved, It not only adds
to the nation's volume of food supply
by many 'thousands of bushels, but,
what is of more immediate concern to
you, it els° helps cut down your fain -
fly's cost of Hying'. it your
this
whether y ,u store the things on yov
own place for home eonsunrpbion 08
sell them and get the cash to buy
other things,
You tan do your drying ,in an oven,
in trays over a kitchen' stove, or in
some specially constructed'but simpl0
ohpap, home rnede apparatus, There
are 'small stove drivers, made of gal-
ysnized sheet iron or wood and.gitl-
vanized iron, so 'constructed that they
can be used on a .wood, coal or oil
stove, Within the drier, is a series of
trays on which the products, after
being prepared,(ire placed for drying.
Portable out-of-door evaporators are
very convenient when it is desired to
dry many bushels -of fruits. or vege-
tables in a day, In some sections
home-made dry kilns are constructed
of brick and stone for drying large
quantities for -aro entire community.
• If your drying is done' in a cook
stove oven, the door should he left
partly opened,.so that the moist air
oan esoape, For use in ovens, trays
can be made of conveniently sized gal-
vanized iron vjire screen by bending
up the edges one or two inches.
Fruits and vegetables for drying
should be fresh, young, tender, and
perfectly clean. Wash and clean well.
Vegetables should be put through
a process known :as blanching ,before
being dried. They should never be
dried without this being done first.
The blanching consists in subjecting
the vegetables to a 'short cooking in
live steam or boiling water, a.nd is
done after the vegetables have 'been
thoroughly cleaned and prepared. This
blanching softens the fibre, cleans
more thoroughly, helps to hold the
natural flavor, and prevents the action
of many bacteria. In fact, -after fresh,
young vegetables have been well
cleated and prepared, it is absolutely
necessary that they should be put
through the blanching process if the
product is to prove satisfactory. If
it is wished to retain the green color
of ally vegetables, such as spinach,
beans, etc., it is well to blanch in boil-
ing water to which a level teaspoonful
of bicarbonate of soda (halting soda)
and a level teaspoonful and a fourth
of salt have been added that 'being
the amount required for each gallon
of water. If the green vegetables are
dipped into the boiling water -which
contains the -salt and soda, they must
be quickly dipped for a moment only
into cold water, and the surface mots••
ture removed by patting lightly be-
tween two towels: Place at once in
the drying frame. When finished in
this way the green vegetables will
remain green and crisp and not turn
brown like hay.
Spread the vegetables in thin Iayers
on the trays. Subject to a very mod-
erate heat and watch carefully. If
perfectly dry, they should be brittle.
It is well to allow them to stand an
hour or two •after ramming them
from the heat lle:fore putting into
bags. If not put into bags then but
kept open several days, they should
be well heated to at least 155 deg. F.
before bagging.
Moisture -proof containers are es-
sential for storing dried products.
These can be til( boxes, boxes lined
with parchment paper, or even paper
bags. A . small amount, just enough
for one meal, should be placed in each
bag, so as to prevent the opening of
products which will not be used at
once. Bags which have been coatacl
With wax, thus protecting the con-
tents from moisture, should be used in
damp climates. Dried products can
also be placed in glass jars and the
paper bottles and jars now made, and
covered with a thin coating of paraf-
fin.
Some of the most common vege-
tables grown on our farms are given
in the lilt (below for methods of dry-
ing:
Cauliflower—Clean, divide into
snnall bundles, anti .blanch in' steam
four. to six minutes or in boiling water'
titres to six minutes. Cauliflower
-may also be blanched in half milk and
half water to which salt and soda have
been added. In that case dip in cold
water, drain wall, and dry at from 110
deg. to 140 deg. F. It turns rather
dark in drying, but will regain part
of color in soaking and cooking. It
,is suffici•etitly dried when no moisture
can be 'crushed out of the 'pieces with
the fingers. When soaleng, pour boil-
ing water over cauliflower enol soak
in that. Dried cauliflower is especial-
ly good- in soups and omelets.
Cabbage—Wash and trim off all
dead clisaased or discolored leaves,
Shred or cut into strips .a few inches
long. The core and coarse ribs should
be removed, as they dry slower than
the thinner parts of the leave, and
may be dried separately. Blanch hi
steam for six to twelve minutes or in
boiling water flea to toss minutes. Add
salt and soda to blanchingwater and
plunge into told water if Gals?).age is
green and it is desired to keep the
green color. Dry at Prem 1.10 cteg. to
140 deg, F.
Green String I3eans--A11 varieties
of string beans can be clried. Wash
and string the beasts carefully, Tho
very young anti Conder string beans
can be dried whole. Those that are
full-grown should ,be cut in oris-fom'th
to due inch lengths with a vegetable
SEM or a sharp 'knife. It is better
to eta beans than' to snap them, es
pieces then aro of uniform size and
can be dried more evenly. .Putt. in a
bag -of cheesecloth or in a wire basket,
and blanch hi steam or boiling water
for three to ten minutes, depending
on the maturity of the beans. If de-
sired to keep the green color, blanch
in boiling water with salt and Soda
atidtd (ohle aid ane -haat teaspoonfuls
f salt; Arid ono teaspoonful of baking
oda dor each gellon. of water), Then
dip quickly in Bold water, Drain, re-
move surface moisture according to
directions giventabove, spread in thin
layers on trays df drier', and dry ninth
brittle, • Start drying at 110 deg, F.
and 'raise temperature gradually to
145 deg. F.
Sweet Coria—Select very young and
Mr
tender corn in the milk stage, Prepare
•at once after gathering by removing
husk and silk. Sort ears so those of
same maturity are blanched together,
Trim off -.any , worrn-eaten parts,
Blanch on the sob in steam or boiling
water from five to ten minutes sr
until milk is set. A teaspoonful of
salt per gallon of water may be added
to the blanching water, Younger corn
wall require a longer period of cook-
ing than the more mature ears. Drain
well, and cut from sob with a very
sharp knife. Cut first tip of grain,
then •slice grains about halfway down
to the cob and serape out the remain-
der of the grain with back of knife,
.In that way the •chaff as left on the
cob. Spread the kernels upon trays
to a depth of one inch and dry at from
120 deg, to 140 deg, '•
Peas—When drying the very young
and so-called English sugar peas the
pods may also be used. Wash and cut
in one -fourth -inch pieces, and blanch
three to'four7minutes in boiling water
with salt and soda added: Dip in cold
water, drain, and dry at an initial
temperature of 110 deg. F., increasing
it to 140 .deg. F. toward the comple-
tion of the drying.
Ice Cream as a Food.
The first food furnished the human
animal is mother's milk, and now,
owing to extensive research work on
the part of scientists, we are given
to know the reason why,
The scientists have discovered the
fact that any young growing animal
will eventually starve to death with•
out same of the vitamines found so
abundantly in natural fat which comes
in milk.
Ice cream is made of cream from
milk, sugar, either cane, corn sugar
or glucose, or all three as the case
may be, a flavor and some other ,In-
gredients. Those mentioned are the
principal ones.
Cream is composed of butter fat,
having present the necessary vita-
minea essential to growth, some min-
eral substances, protein and water.
There is sane unknown principle or
quality in milk fat that makes the.
child grow and'thrivo. In ice cream
the normal milk fat content, which
'averages possibly. 8 to 15 per cent.,
makes a rich, wholesome, concentrated
food, containing not only butter fat
but also protein, carbohydrates and
mineral. The proteins of milk are
worth three times as much for growth,
pound for pound, as the proteins 01
cereal grains and nearly six times as
mach as the proteins of the pea or
navy bean, The product averages six
ounces of protein to each gallon,
The normal blood sugar is dextrose,
All sugars, other than corn sugar,
1have to be converted into dextrose or
glucose before they can be assimilated.
Without glucose in the blood, life
would cease. The corn sugar which
is in ice creme is ready for assimila-
tion without using no energy in the
conversidis thereof.
A sharp cultivator will cut off many
weed plants, a dull one may only
slightly wound them.
Every motorist owes a duty to him-
self and aril all other drivers to stop his
Icar and 'remove from the highway all
broken glass, nails er other substance
dangerous to tires whish he notices
in his travels.
Tom—"What did the old man say
when you told hips you wanted to
marry his daughter?" :slob ---"Asked
if I could support him in the s -ams
style his daughter inacl accustomed
him tor"
r^p
EARS
EXCEL E
QUALITY,
FLOM
COOKIIIC
• TNI,S GEOENQ OdTHE TIN
1S A. ER'A:
�� N MMrdTcu R�NrEI
PURITY,
W. CLARK
.1170
MONmiAr
l.bs„i.,l
r
s
11
did
p.
--BY—
Eleanor H. X't?xter
,Copyright--
HeuBhton $Jiiiin Co,
i?lrbll1lp
ed e arrangement with
Thos. Allen,
Toronto
CI-IAPTF, Ili.—. (,Cont'd,)
But then, ;after all, he couldn't,
Why, it wee like accepting charity
he hadn't earned it. Still, if hard
work end anguish of mind aeuntecl, he
*had earned it twl'ee over, slaving away
at the basic of Brett and Me -minions;
And he had matte good--ec far. Dad
had said Ste What a trump dad was
to speak as he didl And when dad
said a thing like that, it meant some-
thing! •
Well, there was nothing to do, of
coarse, but to go beck and buckle
down to work—and to life in the Dale
Street fiat, To be sure, there was the
baby, Of course he was'fond of the
baby; ; and it was highly interesting
to see her achieve teeth, hair, a bacic-
bane, and sense—if only she would
hurry up a little faster, though, Did
babies always take so long to grow
up?
Burke stretched himself luxuriously
and gazed about the room, The arc -
light outside had gone out and dawn
was !approaching. More and more
dlstisctly oath .loved. object • in the
room was coming into view. To his
'nostrils 'Rama the perfume of the
roses and honeysuckles in the garden
• below his window. To his earn came
the chirp and twitter of the bird -calls
from the trees. Over his senses stole
the soothing peace of absolute physi-
cal ease.
Once more, drowsily, he went back
to 'his father's offer. Once more, in
his mind, he argued it.—but this time
with a difference. Thus, so potent,
sometimes, is the song of a bird, the
scent of a flower, the shape of a loved,
familiar object, or even the feel of
a soft bed beneath one.
After all, might hb not be making a
serious mistake if he did not accede
to his father's wishes? Of course,
so far as he, personally, was con-
cerned, the answer would be an un-
equivocal refusal to the offer. But
there was his father to consider, and
there was Helen to think of; yes, and
the baby. How much better it would
be for them—for all of them, if be
accepted it!
Helen and the baby could have
months of fresh air, ease, and happie
ness without delay, to say nothing of
innumerable advantages later. Why,
when you came to think of it, that
would be enough, if there were no-
thing else! But there was something
else. There was dad. rood old dad!
How happy he'd bel Besides, dad
really' needed him.- How ever had he
thought for a moment of _sending dad
off to Alaska alone, and just sifter an
illness, too! What could he be think-
ing of to consider it for a moment?
That settled it. He should go: He
would stifle all silly feelings of pn!de
and the like. and he would make dad,
Helen, and the baby happy,
Which ntie tion having ,been satis-
factorily decided, Burke turned over
and settled himself for a doze before
breakfast. He did not get it, how-
ever. His mind was altogether too
full of time -tables, boat schedules,
mountain peaks, and forest trails.
Jove, but that was' going to 3e a
clandy trip!
It was later, while Burke was
leisurely :dressing and planning out
the day before him, that the bother-
some question came to him as to how
he should tell Helen. He was re-
minded, also, emphatically, of the
probable scene in store for him when
he should, go home at edx o'clock that
night. And he hated scenes, For that
matter, there would probably be an-
, other one, too, when he told her that
he was going away for a time. To
be sure, there was the ten -thousand -
dollar checic;`and of course very soon
he could convince her that it was
really all for her best happiness.
After she gave it a little thought,
it would be all right, -he was positive,
but there was certain to be some un-
pleasantness at first, particularly as
she was sure to be not a little diffi-
cult -over his running—er—rather,
going away the night before. And
be wished he could avoid it in some
way. If only he did not have to go
home—
His face cleared suddenly. Why,.
of course! He would write. How
stupid of him not to have thought of
it before! He could say, then, just
what he wanted to say, and she would
have a chance to 'think it over calmly
and ecnvibly, and see how really fine
it was for her and the baby. That
was -ujhe way to do it, and the only
way. Writing, he could' not be un-
nerved by her tears (of course she
would cry at first --she always cried!)
or exasperated into saying things he
would be sorry for afterwards. He
could say just enough, and not too
much, in a letter, and say it right.
Then,- early in the following week,
just before he was to start on his
trip he would go down to the Dale
i Street house and spend the last two
or throe days with Helen and the
baby, picking up his traps, and plan-
I ndntg with Helen some of the delight-
: ful things she could do with that ten
;thousand dollars: By that time she
would, of course, have entirely come
!around to hie point of view (even if
!she had not seen it quite that way
at first), and they Could have a few
really happy days together -some-
thing which would be quite impossible
if they shotild meet now, with the
, preceding evening fresh in their
minds, and 'have one- of their usual
vrretched scenes of tears, recrirnhia-'
tions, and wranglings.
For the present, then, he 'would
stay where he was. Helen would be
!all right—with Bridget, His father
would he overjoyed, he knew; and 'as
ifor bhe few tdilet necessities—he could
buy those, He needed some new things
' !to take away. So that was settled.
With a mind at rest again and a
;heart aflame with joy, Burke 'hurried
Into his ,garments and shipped down-
stairs like a boy:,
i, !His face; before his lips got a
chance, tolyl Anis father of his decision,
iBut his -lips did not lag long behind;
1,3:e had expected that his father would
!be pleased; but he was not quite pre-
pared for, the depth of emotion that
. h father's s ao
k his
Pathe
t t
,his s voice end dimmed
eyes and that ended the
i half -u er
tt ed yy
de
tlaration of joy with
`what Weis very near a so'b. If ahy-
thing, indeed, were needed to ton-
1 vines Burka that he was doing just
1 right in tailing this trip with hisfa•
titer, it could be needed no longer
after the
leek t o£ 'ineffable -
ot'f
cubic 'ease and
k p
ler ori that fetherla faela
1. Preeltfet , With lio r,ttich to talk af,
prolonged itself like a college -spread,
until Burke, with a cry of dismay,
pulled out his watch and leaped to
his feet.
"Jove! Do you know what time it
dad?"„, he cried laughingly, "Be-
hold how this life of luxury bas me
already in its clutches! I should have
been off an hour ago."
John Denby lifted a detaining hand
"Not so fast, my boy," he smiled.
"I've got you, and I mean to keep
you-afew minutes longer."
'
"Oh, I telephoned Brett this morn-
ing that you wouldn't be down till
late, if you came at all."
"You telephoned this morning!"
puzzled Burke, Slinking slowly into his
chair again. "But you didn't. know
then that I—" He stopped once.more.
"No, I. didn't know then that you'd
agree to my proposition," answered
John Denby, with -a characteristically
grim smile,, "But d knew, if you •ilii
agree, we'd both have some talking to
do And if you didn't -1 should. - I
meant still to convince you, you. see."
"I see," nodded the younger man,
smiling in his turn.
"So I wouldn't go down this morn-
ing. We've lotsof plane to Snake.
Besides, fitere's your letter."
"Yes, there's—my---letter," This
time the young man did not smile.
"I've got -tb .,write my letter, of
course."
1(To be continued.)'
BONFIRES AND PI,REWORKS,
Both Closely Associated and the Set -
Pieces Were Known to Romans. '
Fireworks, so closely associated
with bonfires, are supposed to have
originated in China, and the Chinese
lave ever excelled in their production.
They were certainly used by the R.o.
mans. Ciaudian in the fourth century
gives a description of a set piece,
Where whirling wheel and dropping
fountains of flee were displayed. Their
use died out until the return, of the
Crusaders.
With the'introduction of gunpowder,
the firework display became more and
more. complicated, and lire dramas
were enacted, with castles,'' burning
ships, and every device with which to
show off the pyrotechnical skill ;of
their organizers. Master gunners also
came into existence, who at first were
civilians, and their duties were inti-
mately connected with these displays.
In pageants and processions fireworks
were a popular feature and "wilde
men" and "green men" dressed up to
suit their names performed merry
pranks on these occasionswiththe as-
sistance of their fireworks.
In the river procession of Henry VII.
1487, the Bachelor's barge carried an
effigy of a dragon spouting flames, and
It is related that at the marriage of
Anne Boleyn in 1538, "There went be-
fore the Lord Mayor's barge a foyst or
waxier full of ordnance and which
foyst also carried a great red dragon
that spouted out wild lire." In 1575,
Elizabeth, on her state visit to Kenil-
worth Castle, was entertained by
lavish displays of fireworks, described
by Laneham as "a blaze of burning
darts, flyingito and fro, beams of stars
corascant streams and hail of fire.
Sparks, lightenings of wild fire on the
water, and On land flight and shot of
thunderbolt," and thirteen years later
came that Slily day when the first
glimpse of the dread Armada sent
forth the warning flame of thewaiting
beacons along the English coast, call-
ing her people to resist to the utter-
most, pstophetc of those' fires to -day,
which will celebrate once more the
victory over proud aggression.
In the times of .Tames I. we read
"there were then adiding in the City of
London men very skillful in the art of
pyrotectics"; and all through the
days of the "Merry Monarch" pageants
and fireworks• displays continued un-
abaaecl, while fn' the lest half of the
seventeenth century a considerable
literature on the subject -arose, the
best known work being that of Casimir
Siemienowitz, lieutenant general of
ordnance to the king of Poland, known
as "The 'Gaeta Art of Artillery," pub-
lished in 1650.
Later on the Green Park was the
scene of peace festivals and fireworks
displays in 1749 and 1814, The cele,
bratiou of April 27, 1749, in honor of
the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, was on
a most ambitious scale, and inciuicysd
festivities and fireworks of a very coin•
plicated description, A buiidhig up-
ward of four hundred feet long was
erected, with a central Pavilion, sur-
mounted by a huge sun upon a high
pole; a gallery was set up for the
privy council, peers, commons, and
lord mayor, and a special pavilion was
furnished for the king, but the effect
was partly spoilt by the great temple
taking fire shortly after the, proceed-
ings had begu., which resulted in its
being mostly consumed.
The Highest Alm In Life.
A class of twenty-nine pupils in a
Seho.ol of Agricultm'e were asked
ween they started to college: "What
is the highest aim of the eitieens,of
this ot,untry is the field of econo-
mics?" Almost every student said it
Was to acquire wealth,
'nwo months later, atter having
studied the principles Of econoinics,
the e(thio iiuestf0n was submitted, and
written answers in which-eieven pupils
said the highest aim is to secure wise
co-operation; six thought it. was to
train fi3f leadership; ten holiovod thltit
the grett alas should be td aegyritte ef•
flcidbey la"bi06'.'4`.0e"we of t e oliin-
ton that ab 'tar' aI ilior"`esfeatlh'' )j'
Oleg to t1[,} YI:fining elii e'tlieitttlilate
aim 'should bo to got control of the
markets; but ttie notices l
b 4 fact is
that not one adhered to his original
bofief that the aegttitieg of yealtb, is
the Supremo aim isn tiro,
"MOWER'S ROY."
How a Copsolentloue Objeeter Made
Good on the Rattleflald
A "Masmna's boy" may sound like .a
Weer, blit lie niay not prove to be .one;
no, riot evenwhen he grows up into a
conscientious objector to warfare. Mr,
Joseph Cummings Chase, the artist,.
who lute been in France painting por-
traits of United States generals and
of typical soldiers as well, gladly in-
cluded ono such in his gallery—Sergt,
A C. York—upon the aecolnmendation
of Gen, Duncan, evho called the ex
Molt for which York was decorated
the most remarkable of whish lie had
heard in tile whole war,
His full name le Alvin C. York. Ho
is a tall, rawboned mountaineer with
a red -face and red hair, and he ie prob-
ably about twenty-eight years of age,
Tae is a drafted man, and belongs to
the 328tH Infantry. He "got religion"
previous to the war, and, although 11e
11ac1 "toted" a gun ever since he could
carry one ain& was an expert squirrel
shot, be had a fixed conviction that it
was wrong to kill. However, he did
not resist the draft, and in fact he Re -
came a very excellent noncommission-
ed oficer.,Iiis captain tools an interest
in l'slm, and spent the better part' of
one night arguing with him, using
Scriptural quotations as the nhain part
of kis arguments. The result was that
York was converted to the war and
decided tb fight,
Soon after arriving at the front he
was sent out with a combat group in
charge of a sergeant. They.,cante un•
der the fire of a Hun machine-gun nest
anis the sergeant in command and all
the members of the party were -killed
outright except York and five men.
Iork, who was then a corporal, as-
sumed command, charged the machine•
gun nest, and captured it and took
several prisoners. The party then
Proceeded, and again came under ma-
chine-gun fire. The corporal, men and
prisoners flattened themselves out on
the ground, the corporal yelling to his
dive men to cover the prisoners. Yorlc
unlimbered his weapon and, in his
old-time manner as a squirrel hunter,
aimed his rifle fire at the enemy ma-
chine gunners.
"I asked him afterwards," said Gen.
Duncan, "how many shots he -'had fired,
and he said, 'About twenty-four times,'
That was an interesting'statement, for
sifter the encounter we found that
twenty-four dead Germans were his
bag. In fact, the fight only ended
when theoffcer in charge of the Ger-
man' machine guns offered to stop the
machine-gun fire if York would stop
his rifle fire. The enemy surrendered,
and Sergt York and Itis men marched
to battalion headquarters one hundred
and thirty-two prisoners, including
four officers,
Another.
remarkable fact is that
Sergt. York delivered his prisoners
to the nearest battalion headquarters,
which was not his own, and that at
his own headquarters he made no men-
tion of the affair. it was only by acci-
dent that the story came to his own
commander from the adjacent bat-
talion. The facts were then verified,
and for this action York received the
Distinguished Service Cross and the
Congressional Medal of Honor."
When this modest and pacifically in-
clined hero was sent for to have his
portrait painted, the artist naturally
enough sought to establish pleasant
social relations with a fbW personal
facts. So ho asked the young Tonnes•
seean casually if he were married.
'"No," he answered slowly, with his
Southern drawl, "I was always a kind
of a tlnonuner•'s boy.' "
FISHES THAT GLOW.
One Scientist Says They Are Living
Searchlights.
Tho inhabitants of the ocean differ
in many respects a800rding tathe
depth at which they live, but most of
all in their powers of vision. -
Fish that live at very great depths
have either no eyes at all or enor-
mously big ones. There are . two
methods of getting about in ,the
gloomiest abysses -by delicate organs
of touch, or by sight, that collects the
few rays of light due to phosphores-
cence or other accidental sources.
Tho fish, which live near the top of
the ocean have smaller eyes than
say, eighty fathoms down. Ono hun-
dred and twenty fathoms deeper,
where daylight disappears, the byes
are bigger still. Beyond the depth of
two hundred fathoms, small eyes pre-
vail, with long feelers to supplement
them
At this depth, in fact, sight is prac-
tically useless. In the greatest abys-
ses the fish are usually blind, feeling
their day about solely by means of
their sensitive bodies. Some, indeed,
show signs externally of having once
possessed eyes, but that is all,
In others—the oldest and most con-
firmed abysmal species --the eye has
disappeared altogether externally,
though traces of it are still to be re-
cognized, embedded deeply in the tis-
sues of the head.
•
Many deep-sea fish have a curlews
system of hollows in the skull or about
the bdtly which hold a kind of phos-
phorescent slime.
Oti
ors have rotind
or oval shining opalescent spots,
placed on 'the head or along the body
or tail. •
All of them aro abundantly sup-
plied with nerves, aid they aro ap-
parently organs for the production of
phosphorescent light. If so, such a
fish must swim about surrounded by
a faint glow, somewhat like that
thrown all by luminous paint.
One scientist eveu suggests that
those fish may have the power 'of
directing their rays in any direction,
like a searchlight.
•
Association of Ideas.
The most momentous association
sonietimeii attach themselves to the
meet trifling things, Thus at a dinner
the hostess said to a sour -faced elan
on her left: "May 1 help you to some
of the boiled rice''Mr. Smith?"
"[bide? No, thank you; no rice for
me, smith answered vehomoutly, "It
ig 1Lst.Seiated with one of the greatest
Mistakes of my life,'
Totnl number of men of all ratioli-
elities engaged in the 'Great War all.
pro thttated 00,000,000.
leaDDEN OF TEE AIR."
The British dirigible R-34, as she appeared at Long Island, N.Y., be-
fore starting on her return trip across the Atlantic.,
Science Helping . n� Nature.,
Seientiste sometimes give us un•
pleasant calculations as to the length
of bine it will tape to render the earth
uninhahltabie if we continue to waste
out resources at the present rate,
This generation need feel no uneasi-
mass about the cooling down of the
sun or about the exhaustion of the
Goal supply. It le, However, quite
time to consider the consequences, not
so remote, that will flow from the in-
creasing population of the earth and.
the much slower increase of agricul-
ture.
The available but unused area for
the growing of -.grain to feed human
beings and the animals that are to bo
slaughtered for pleat is constantly
,clintinishing, whereas the use of wheat
is growing at a more rapid rate than
the population of the earth. Nothing
short of increasing the fertility of the
soil can be suggested to meet such
conditions. But the .store of natural
fertilizers fs ah'eady within a measur-
able distance of being exhausted. The
only, great deposit' known ,the nitrate
of soda in noetliern Chilo, is esti-
mated to be 220,000,000 tons, and at
the rata at which it is doming into the
market that Supply will last much less
titan a hundred ,years.
Fortunately, a 'commeroially feas-
ible process, capable of unlimited ex-
ptinsion, has been found for fixing the
nitrogen of the air -thereby garnishing
an' artificial fertilizer equal to that pro•
vlded in niggardly quantity by nature.
The only materials necessary are coal;
limestone and air, but 1n order to make
the process comuiercially.successful it
le necessary to have cheap power, and
bocauee Norway has it in almost un--
limited
n•limited amouht the business has be-
come established there, The works at
Odde utilize nearly foo;000 horse-
power and' impound four-fifths as
much water ai Is stored by the As.
sounn dans on the Nile. At last ac-
counts they' were producing only 80,000
tone of fertii'zer, but Norway. can in-
crease its power for manufacturing
purpases to 200,000,000 horse -power.
The process is- interesting. Coal
from other countries and limestone
from Norway are fused in electric fur-
naces in order to snake calcium car-
bide, the chief use of which in this
country Is to produce acetylene gas.
Tho calcium carbide pulverized and
mixed with. titrogen in retorts heated
to a high temperature, forms cyana-
mide, or nitrolin, which is equal in fer-
tilizing value to Chilean nitrate. The
magnitude -of the Odde works may be
inferred frons the fact that they liquify
100 tons of hir a day, In fact it was
only when the cheap process of marc•
ing Iiquid air was discovered that the
free nitrogen necessary for snaking
cyanamide could be had, The boiling
point of oxygen Is lower than that of
nitrogen, therefore when liquid air
boils the oxygen passes off first and
leaves the'nitrogen for use in the
Cyanamide retorts,
NEE BU IN
MOUNTAINS LARE
THREE TREMENDOUS ERUPTION$
IN THE EAST INDIES.
When Tomboro Blew Up in 1851, 56,-
000 Human Lives Were Lost—Mid-
night Darkness For Three Days.
We hi this country do not realize
how lucky we are to be free from dan-
ger of volcanoes, which in many other
parts of the globe are -a frightful and
ever-present menace.
Canada may be regarded ae a finish.
ed portion of the planet, nature hav
ing apparently got through with the
world -building business hereabouts.
But in most other regions she is
still at it more or less—in Alaska, in
the Caribbean, along the Andes, in the
Mediterranean, among the great archi-
pelagoes that skirt the Asiatic) coast
and elsewhere. '
It is not surprising that the ancients
should have located Hades clown be-
low, underground. They had good roe -
son, derived from their own observa-
tion. For slid not its fires burst forth
every now and then catastrophically?
The devil's own kitchen, however,
would seem to be directly beneath the
Island of Java, where a mountain
called Kalut broke loose on May 20
last, wiping out thirty-one villages and
killing 15,000 people. Tihere are more
volcanoes in Java than anywhere else
in the world, relatively to the size of
the island, and since time immemorial
they have been making trouble.
Most Famous Eruption.
The most famous of all eruptions
was that of Versuvius in 79 A.D.,
which buried Iierculaneum in lava and
overwhelmed Pompeii with a shower
of hot ashes. But, as such plutonic
outbursts go, it was not a great affair,
The burning mountain gave warning
in advance, so that -comparatively few
people failed to escape in time. Pom-
pon's shower of ashes was not deep
enough to reach the rooftops. Indeed,
tiro eruption af' Mont Pelee. in Mar-
tinique, a few `pea's ago, was far more
disastrous.
Even Pelee's explosion, tremendous
though it was, sinks almost into ha
.significance when.compared to,any. one.:
of three eruptions that have occurred
in Java during the last century and
a half.
The first of these took place in 1772,
when - the volcano' of Papandagang,
near the west end of the island, 9000
feet high, blew up, throwing out
enough material to fill up a large lake
and burying many towns fifty miles
distant. Incidentally, the mountain
lost three-quarters of a utile of its
height.
Tho second great disaster arrived
in 1851, when Tomboro, on the island
of Sumbawa, east of Java, exploded,
There were, in fact, a number of suc-
cessive explosions, which were plain-
ly heard at a distance of 1000 miles.
In this catastrophe (not exceeded by
any within historic times) 56,000
human lives were lost. Something lite
fifty cubic nines of material were
ejected, and for three days there was
darkness like midnight over an area
with a radius of 300 miles.
Formed a New Island.
Almost, if not quite, as tremendous
was the eruption of Krakatoa, in 1883
—a mountainous island in the Strait 0f
Sunda, \between Java and Sumatra,
The island literally blew up, and one
fragment of the main volcano was
thrown tl'venty-itve miles, dropping into
the sea and forming a new island of
considerable size which remains to-
day as a memorial of this terrific in-
cident. For two days thorn was total
darkness for a distance of 270 mites,
and ashes a toot and a half sleep fell
sixty miles away.
The earth, originally a mass of flee,
has built its own crust (on which to-
day we dwell) ,out of materials
thrown up out of its bowels. We are
accustomed to regard volcanic explo-
sions as destructive, .but in a much
more important sense they are con-
structive, for volcanoes are land -
makers. Some day their work in this
line may be finished, but that time is
not yet.
In 1003 there were only 220 motor
yehicles in Ontario.
Most Primitive of Ferryboats
In a country where rivers are sub-
ject to sudden and heavy floods,
bridges are In many casee so insecure
that ferries moat always be maintain-
ed in addition. Such is the ease in
mina, and the methods of crossing
streams to-d&y aro what they have
been from the earliest times. . A U.S.
consular officer tolls how ho was
taken across an Indian river at the
time of a freshet. The contrivance
was simple, and has been used in the
Orient as long as history sltowe any
record.
A cord shaving been fastened to a
large, elongated gourd, and a smaller
gourd being also tied to it, tho native
gets astride, and laying his breast
upon the larger gourd paddles Ilea
self across with his hands anti foot.
Women, too, avail theniee,)yee of
this singular ooitrivasce, under the
escort of a ferryman, who, similarly
mounted, tapes his ehergo in tow, car.
ries' ]lei -basitet, with perhaps a child
Ith it, on his stead, and conveys them
safely across.
herds of cattle swine those flooded
rivets like water rats, and the herd
boy, as a matter al course, ta.kos the
tall of the hindermost bullock in his
hand, and thus going a very
comfort-
able lift neross,
These inetitods of crossing rivers,
iroWover, are hardly In accordance
with our ideas of comfort. So the of-
ficer thought one day as he stood, af-
ter a long ride, on the bank of a wide
and rapid stream which separated him.
from his halting place. He did not
relish the idea of buffeting the muddy
current on a horse of gourds, but as
there was no boat within twenty miles
it seemed as if he must either do tlhlei
or bivouac bn the tank without his
dinner.
While he wag in this dilemma a na•
the . signified that be would soon set
the foreigner tight. From a neighbor-
ing hut he brought a native bedstead
—not a four poster such as Western•
ors use, but a small, light frame of
wood having four little legs and held
together by the interlacing of a piece
of cord, which thus forms a sort of
petted bottom to this simple piece of
furniture. The native next brought
out four round earthen pots, and after
protecting- the bottom of each With a
few inches of gond he put the legs of
the cot into the pots and signified that
the vessel was ready to be launched,
As the oMcer sat doubled op an the
extemporised raft tin dompalty with
his saddle he found himself raised an
inch or so above -the level of tine
water, the eartiieti pots forsullig ad-
nnirabio floats, A couple of 'lusty
swimmers then took' WM In tow astil
80011 landed him on the api 0ji0_beui•
i,(,, 0
Drying Fruits and Vegetables.
All the fruits and vegetables you
can possibly save by sinning or dry-
ing should be saved, It not only adds
to the nation's volume of food supply
by many 'thousands of bushels, but,
what is of more immediate concern to
you, it els° helps cut down your fain -
fly's cost of Hying'. it your
this
whether y ,u store the things on yov
own place for home eonsunrpbion 08
sell them and get the cash to buy
other things,
You tan do your drying ,in an oven,
in trays over a kitchen' stove, or in
some specially constructed'but simpl0
ohpap, home rnede apparatus, There
are 'small stove drivers, made of gal-
ysnized sheet iron or wood and.gitl-
vanized iron, so 'constructed that they
can be used on a .wood, coal or oil
stove, Within the drier, is a series of
trays on which the products, after
being prepared,(ire placed for drying.
Portable out-of-door evaporators are
very convenient when it is desired to
dry many bushels -of fruits. or vege-
tables in a day, In some sections
home-made dry kilns are constructed
of brick and stone for drying large
quantities for -aro entire community.
• If your drying is done' in a cook
stove oven, the door should he left
partly opened,.so that the moist air
oan esoape, For use in ovens, trays
can be made of conveniently sized gal-
vanized iron vjire screen by bending
up the edges one or two inches.
Fruits and vegetables for drying
should be fresh, young, tender, and
perfectly clean. Wash and clean well.
Vegetables should be put through
a process known :as blanching ,before
being dried. They should never be
dried without this being done first.
The blanching consists in subjecting
the vegetables to a 'short cooking in
live steam or boiling water, a.nd is
done after the vegetables have 'been
thoroughly cleaned and prepared. This
blanching softens the fibre, cleans
more thoroughly, helps to hold the
natural flavor, and prevents the action
of many bacteria. In fact, -after fresh,
young vegetables have been well
cleated and prepared, it is absolutely
necessary that they should be put
through the blanching process if the
product is to prove satisfactory. If
it is wished to retain the green color
of ally vegetables, such as spinach,
beans, etc., it is well to blanch in boil-
ing water to which a level teaspoonful
of bicarbonate of soda (halting soda)
and a level teaspoonful and a fourth
of salt have been added that 'being
the amount required for each gallon
of water. If the green vegetables are
dipped into the boiling water -which
contains the -salt and soda, they must
be quickly dipped for a moment only
into cold water, and the surface mots••
ture removed by patting lightly be-
tween two towels: Place at once in
the drying frame. When finished in
this way the green vegetables will
remain green and crisp and not turn
brown like hay.
Spread the vegetables in thin Iayers
on the trays. Subject to a very mod-
erate heat and watch carefully. If
perfectly dry, they should be brittle.
It is well to allow them to stand an
hour or two •after ramming them
from the heat lle:fore putting into
bags. If not put into bags then but
kept open several days, they should
be well heated to at least 155 deg. F.
before bagging.
Moisture -proof containers are es-
sential for storing dried products.
These can be til( boxes, boxes lined
with parchment paper, or even paper
bags. A . small amount, just enough
for one meal, should be placed in each
bag, so as to prevent the opening of
products which will not be used at
once. Bags which have been coatacl
With wax, thus protecting the con-
tents from moisture, should be used in
damp climates. Dried products can
also be placed in glass jars and the
paper bottles and jars now made, and
covered with a thin coating of paraf-
fin.
Some of the most common vege-
tables grown on our farms are given
in the lilt (below for methods of dry-
ing:
Cauliflower—Clean, divide into
snnall bundles, anti .blanch in' steam
four. to six minutes or in boiling water'
titres to six minutes. Cauliflower
-may also be blanched in half milk and
half water to which salt and soda have
been added. In that case dip in cold
water, drain wall, and dry at from 110
deg. to 140 deg. F. It turns rather
dark in drying, but will regain part
of color in soaking and cooking. It
,is suffici•etitly dried when no moisture
can be 'crushed out of the 'pieces with
the fingers. When soaleng, pour boil-
ing water over cauliflower enol soak
in that. Dried cauliflower is especial-
ly good- in soups and omelets.
Cabbage—Wash and trim off all
dead clisaased or discolored leaves,
Shred or cut into strips .a few inches
long. The core and coarse ribs should
be removed, as they dry slower than
the thinner parts of the leave, and
may be dried separately. Blanch hi
steam for six to twelve minutes or in
boiling water flea to toss minutes. Add
salt and soda to blanchingwater and
plunge into told water if Gals?).age is
green and it is desired to keep the
green color. Dry at Prem 1.10 cteg. to
140 deg, F.
Green String I3eans--A11 varieties
of string beans can be clried. Wash
and string the beasts carefully, Tho
very young anti Conder string beans
can be dried whole. Those that are
full-grown should ,be cut in oris-fom'th
to due inch lengths with a vegetable
SEM or a sharp 'knife. It is better
to eta beans than' to snap them, es
pieces then aro of uniform size and
can be dried more evenly. .Putt. in a
bag -of cheesecloth or in a wire basket,
and blanch hi steam or boiling water
for three to ten minutes, depending
on the maturity of the beans. If de-
sired to keep the green color, blanch
in boiling water with salt and Soda
atidtd (ohle aid ane -haat teaspoonfuls
f salt; Arid ono teaspoonful of baking
oda dor each gellon. of water), Then
dip quickly in Bold water, Drain, re-
move surface moisture according to
directions giventabove, spread in thin
layers on trays df drier', and dry ninth
brittle, • Start drying at 110 deg, F.
and 'raise temperature gradually to
145 deg. F.
Sweet Coria—Select very young and
Mr
tender corn in the milk stage, Prepare
•at once after gathering by removing
husk and silk. Sort ears so those of
same maturity are blanched together,
Trim off -.any , worrn-eaten parts,
Blanch on the sob in steam or boiling
water from five to ten minutes sr
until milk is set. A teaspoonful of
salt per gallon of water may be added
to the blanching water, Younger corn
wall require a longer period of cook-
ing than the more mature ears. Drain
well, and cut from sob with a very
sharp knife. Cut first tip of grain,
then •slice grains about halfway down
to the cob and serape out the remain-
der of the grain with back of knife,
.In that way the •chaff as left on the
cob. Spread the kernels upon trays
to a depth of one inch and dry at from
120 deg, to 140 deg, '•
Peas—When drying the very young
and so-called English sugar peas the
pods may also be used. Wash and cut
in one -fourth -inch pieces, and blanch
three to'four7minutes in boiling water
with salt and soda added: Dip in cold
water, drain, and dry at an initial
temperature of 110 deg. F., increasing
it to 140 .deg. F. toward the comple-
tion of the drying.
Ice Cream as a Food.
The first food furnished the human
animal is mother's milk, and now,
owing to extensive research work on
the part of scientists, we are given
to know the reason why,
The scientists have discovered the
fact that any young growing animal
will eventually starve to death with•
out same of the vitamines found so
abundantly in natural fat which comes
in milk.
Ice cream is made of cream from
milk, sugar, either cane, corn sugar
or glucose, or all three as the case
may be, a flavor and some other ,In-
gredients. Those mentioned are the
principal ones.
Cream is composed of butter fat,
having present the necessary vita-
minea essential to growth, some min-
eral substances, protein and water.
There is sane unknown principle or
quality in milk fat that makes the.
child grow and'thrivo. In ice cream
the normal milk fat content, which
'averages possibly. 8 to 15 per cent.,
makes a rich, wholesome, concentrated
food, containing not only butter fat
but also protein, carbohydrates and
mineral. The proteins of milk are
worth three times as much for growth,
pound for pound, as the proteins 01
cereal grains and nearly six times as
mach as the proteins of the pea or
navy bean, The product averages six
ounces of protein to each gallon,
The normal blood sugar is dextrose,
All sugars, other than corn sugar,
1have to be converted into dextrose or
glucose before they can be assimilated.
Without glucose in the blood, life
would cease. The corn sugar which
is in ice creme is ready for assimila-
tion without using no energy in the
conversidis thereof.
A sharp cultivator will cut off many
weed plants, a dull one may only
slightly wound them.
Every motorist owes a duty to him-
self and aril all other drivers to stop his
Icar and 'remove from the highway all
broken glass, nails er other substance
dangerous to tires whish he notices
in his travels.
Tom—"What did the old man say
when you told hips you wanted to
marry his daughter?" :slob ---"Asked
if I could support him in the s -ams
style his daughter inacl accustomed
him tor"
r^p
EARS
EXCEL E
QUALITY,
FLOM
COOKIIIC
• TNI,S GEOENQ OdTHE TIN
1S A. ER'A:
�� N MMrdTcu R�NrEI
PURITY,
W. CLARK
.1170
MONmiAr
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