HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1920-12-23, Page 6ure, Clean,
Economical
Preserved Al sold only it4.
Sealed air -light packte.
to preserve its motive
goodness.
Ihc Revolt From Four Was
8574
Tea -
Pots in Millions of 'Tea Dots wily
4. 4' drItteive6to
Choosing the `Day's Food.
While it is essential that every one
have foods from the Ave food. groups
in order to be ]rept in the best phy-
sie.i condition, it is not necessary that
we ,have all five classes at every
meal, or even every day. There can
be occasional lapses of a few days
when the family goes without soine
one •class . without •any speeial harm
resulting, but no one can elnminate
one 'class for saverail weeks or months
without suffering.' For example,. the
quickness with which under -nourish:
ed children who never had 'milk, .add
flesh when they drink two quarts of
milk a day -or even one quart-
shows 'the necessity of milk in the
dietary of 'growing children. ' How-
ever, while we do not require vege-
tables or fruit, meat, eggs or milk,
cereals, fats and swede at every
meal, we should aim to have , aur five
every day. /
Phe typical• Canadian breakfast is
a good 'one for the best physical de,
velapment. In the average home it
• consists of fruit, cereal with mills or
cream, bacon and eggs, or one of
these, toast or rolls and eoffee or'
cocoa. If it is necessary for economy,
the toast could be eliminated, as we
have the grain in our cereal and are
simply duplicating foods. If plenty
of milk is taken, eggs are not neces-.
nary. If the supply. of crease is lack-•
ing and buttered toast is' not served,'
bacon would furnish the fat. Fruit
should be included if possible, either
fresh or canned. Cooked fruits, the
potentiate tell us, lose their vitamines,.
but as generations staggered along
,on canned fruit before vitamins were
discovered, it As an open questioir
whether or not mother's canned fruit
isn't as beneficial to the human race
as the fresh fruit. .
For dinner, if possible, give one of
all five classes. Meat or eggs you
will have. Potatpes take care of the
vegetable dish, though you always
plan on a side vegetable; bread fur,:
nishes the cereal; your dessert, cake,'
pudding, pie or cookies provides the
sweet, butter and the quantities of
neat fat outside workers consunne in'
gravy, furnishes the fat.
Supper rimy be a light meal again.
Warmed potatoes, fried or creamed,
perhaps cold ]neat, or egg's or tinned
fish, plenty of whole'wheat bread and
butter, cake or cookies, and if you
have it, a salad vegetable, such as
lettuce, celery, radishes, endive, any
vegetable that may he eaten rage Raw
vegetables are too often passed by
because"they do not seen to furnish
the actual nourishment that heartier
cooked vegetables do. But they are
necessary to good health because of
the mineral salts which they contain.
Furnishing a balanced ration•is not
a difficult thing. It is merely a ques-
tion of keeping away from one sort
of food to the exclusion of other sorts.
Do not, as too many faniili•es wbo•are
far front -supplies of fresh meats and
vegetables, run to starches 'and give
the family baked things, while ab-
staining from vegetables, fruiits, meat
anis eggs. Plan during the summer
to have a cellar full of root vegetables
I and canned fruit and. vegetables,
Then in place of an oversupply of
baked stuff, use generous quantities
! of vegetables and milk: If the lam
: ily will not drink milk, see that they
get it in cornatarelt pudding, rice
tapioca and bread pudding, custard
and hi creamed vegetable' soup. Cook
the vegetables until they will go
through a strainer, and add to it the
scalded milk.. If you have nothing
else, make cream potato soup and
,flavor with onion juice.
Small Economics,
A practical use can be made of old
silk .garnsents, petticoats, bloomers,
waists and so forth; by making them
foto a baby ,afghan.
Cut in strips about one-half inch
wide and crochet or knit, if preferred,
small blocks, six. or eght inches
square; if you crochet them, use the
double stitch, taking .into. back part
of stitch, which gimes a ridge. After
you have crocheted the number of
:blacks .neeeesery,;arrange.,the ..blocks
so the ridges run vertieail' in one row
and horizontal in the next row. They
can be sewed or crocheted -together.
Starting at one corner,. place a block
with ridges . running horizontally;
place a second., block, ridges, horizon,
tel, above this„ sand.. on tach side of
second block, a block with vertical
ridges. The next tow. consists of five
blocks and they may be alternated, as
directed, beginning and ending with
vertica8 ridges. Add other rows the
fame, to the width of the slumber -
robe, diagonally; then decrease the
blocks, each row. This arrangement
gives a pointed edge, which may be
finished with a crocheted' border. This
Is a pretty thing.
A.3broken window -pane can some-
times be repaired'by. placing a smaller
pane of glass over the opening, ce-
menting it in place with Canada bal-
sam, the sticky, honey -colored liqu,ed
used by opticians for cementing bi-
focal glasses. Be careful not to get
the balsam on any part of the glass
save where you want it, as it does
not dissolve. When possible, place
the window down flat and pour a few
drops of the balsam around the brok-
en edges. Pressing the smaller pane
slowly and firmly in place is all that
is needed to spread the cement,
This Habit Saves My Time:
The one thing, perhaps,, that has
meant the most as a labor saver its
my housework its the "newspaper
habit"—simply the use of papers on
the kitchen work table when doing
the thousand and one more or less
dirty, littering household "stunts,"
thereby reducing the after clean-up
to the simple removal of paper, shak-
ing or.biirning, as necessary.
If there is cake to be 'baked, the
newspaper is invariably spread first.
Preparing vegetables, canning fruit,
starching clothes, and cleaning white
shoes, are a few more of the com-
monest tasks preceded by the usual
paper.
Once Uhc habit is formed, countless
things will suggest themselves to be
done on the paper -covered table.
School Gardening.
The history of Canada is largely
one of creating gardens in the wilder-
ness, Unlike England, where the ef-
fort is to Maintain and improve the
heritage of the past, in Canada we are
laying .the foundations on which fu-
ture generations must build. The
pioneer is still a big factor in our na-
tional life and, even in old settled
districts, much spadework remains to
be done before our rural landscape
will wear the finished appearance of
the English countryside.
Intprovementin the surroundings of
rural schools is'oite direction in which
there is a big field for . endeavor.
"Where there's a will there's a way"
and much can be accomplished even
c ,
in the face of very discouraging na-
tural difficulties,
Educationists emphasize the fact
, that the chief object of school garden-
ing is to broaden the children's mends,
the growing of a few flowers and vege-
tables being. only of secondary import-
ance. The layman is likely to be most
impressed with visible results. From
either point of view, the establish-
ment of school gardene is a work of
conservation, for it leads directly to
higher development of the nation's
great natural resource, the soil, and
of its greatest human resource, the
rising generation of ,girls and boys,
The language of Corsica, Napo-
leon's birthplace, is chiefly,Italian:
Harnessing the Sun for Power.
,9.n,r physicist will tell you that this
talk about converting the static elec-
,
tn.e,f of the atmosphere bl'C i11t0 dynamic
A71YIC
b1 )
current is just silly nonsense. Pere
bunk, in other words. But the ques-
tion of transforming the energy oe
• enushine into electrical energy is
wholly different, and the hope that
this will eventually be accomplished
economically to fnrllish power for
--- ingmaellinere, star is not without
substantial ease.
Prof.
Prof. A. A. Campbell -Swinton_ tiugas
that, by mothodel analogous to those
which have produced such fraitfai re-
sults in wireless communication, it
may be possible to convert the energy,
of sunshine directly into usable elec-
trical energy.
The glowing surface Which the aun
presents to ire (considering it ea a flat
disk) hos the enormous area of 585,.
'110,000 square miles, each square foot
of which emits energy equivalent to
12,500 coalmine horsepower. Tho
average radiant energy delivered en
the surface of the earth at noon on a
stool' day in middle latitude:* is about
5,000 horsepower per aerie
Although its yet no great success
has been obtained
util nation
of
solar energy for mecha
nita
i ilr osos
p p
steps in that direr io
p t u have undeni-
ably produced worthwhile results. The
most remarkable sun engine built up
to date is located and operated at
Meath, near Cairo, in Egypt. It een
sists of five 205 -foot .boilere placed on
edge and•in the focus of five' °hantiet
shaped mirrors.. Its best run for au
hour yielded' 1,442 poutide of steam at
a pressure of nearly sixteen pounds to
the square inch—equivalent to sixty-,
three horsepower' per sere
cupiod by the plant. The latter is used
in connection with irrigation work.
In some tropical regions, where boal
is scarce—as in Egypt, the Punjab and
the African /throe—teakwood boxes
blackened inelde, fitted with glass tops
and properly insulated are rte contemn
uee for cooking, baking and other pm -
pone. These sun ovens, Which have
the, advantage of eliminating cost of
feel, afford it toinporattire of 240 to
275 degrees Fahrenheit in the middle
of the day, Provided With a, mirror
for a reflector they will run tip to 200
degrees:
BY C. COUItTENA'Y SAVAGE,,,..
CHAPTER VI, (Contimred).
They went acrose the,graasy field
towards the house. To Guy's sure
prise, the front door was 'wide open
and a lamp etill burned on the table.
He ran upstairs to the bedroom. The
bed was untouched. He ran to other
roorns but 'Madeline was not in any
of them. He went down stairs again
A paper lay on the floor beside her
favorite chair, as if it had fallen from
her lap when she jumped to her feet.
He looked about for a note. There
was none, He thauglrt of the snail
u he hadgiven n that g ver ler,and which
sloe always lcept on one corner of the
old-fashioned mantel. It was missing.
Madeline had left the house in a
hurry, not even waiting to turn down
the lamp and had gone—where?
•CHAPTERY II.
Guy Wardell 'heti the happy faculty
Iof not giving away to excitement.
When he realized that Madeline was
capable of taking care of herself, he
i made a pot of coffee, fled away the
iron band ar'auncf Smith's ankle and
'changed to dry clothes.
"I guess we'd better take a further
look around the grounds," said Guy,
when John Baker. cane around. the
corner of the house. Madeline was
with hint. •
Guy ran down the steps toward
her. 'Madeline! what happened?"
She laughed.
"Oh, I can have my little adven-
ture—just as you can have yours.
I'll trade you last—What happened to
you?"
Briefly he told his nig'ht's adven-
tures; then it was Madel!ne's turn.
"It was about ten o'clock," Madeline
explained, "and Rose had gone home
instead of spending the night here,
when I decided that I would go in-
doors and ,read for an. hour. Natural-
ly, I was just a littleeworried because
you didn't come home to supper.
"So I lit the lamp and tried to read
but fell asleep in the :arm -chair. I
woke with a start and. found that it
was, almost twelve. I had a feeling
that' there had .been a noise. or that
soineone was near Inc so I picked up.
- the gun and.•went quietly : out on :the
verandah and listened and then from
off near the sap house, I heard a faint
clang and then silence.
"It was too much for my curiosity.
I simply had to do a little scouting
on my own hook! I heard a strange
sound. I went closer, and while I
could not actually see anything, I
knew by the sounds and. the bits of'
whispered conversation that there
were two men digging. One of them
kept saying, 'Careful—careful!'
"Soon they finished digging and
started off. through the woods. From
what they said I guessed that they
were carrying something valuable.
They went to the sap house and lit
a shall lamp. They were very care-
ful to shut out the light but they did
•not stop talking and I knew by what
they were saying that they were fix-
ing time clocks on bombs."
"No?" shouted Wardell.
"Yes—and in about ten minutes
they came out and hurried away. I
was right after them, keeping close.
"The first place they went was
John's—and they put a bomb under
the old toolhouse back of the barn.
Then they went over to Eb Moran's
place and put a bonsb in his corn
crib. The next place was Hamilton's
-inside the door of their old car-
riage house. I got quite close to
then when they were at Hamilton's,
and I heard one of therm say, 'Thank
God this jab's done!'
"The next thing I did," she hur-
ried on with her narrative, "was to
run all the way to John's place and
wake- hint up. We got a couple of
pails of water, and took a chance of
being blown up by dousing the barn
bomb with water. We could hear the
clock they had with it ticking just
as plain. John poured on three pane
of water—the clock stopped—and we
had a look at the' bomb. He said that
it wasn't very big, or didn't look very
dangerous. Then we hurried to the
other places and spoiled both of those
bombs."
"Any 'Man could be proud .of here"
John Baker said quietly, "I certainly
am. What do you make out of this
business?"
"Well," Guy paused long enough to
think it over. "It looks mostly like
a stunt'`to frighten, the community.
The bombs were small?"
"Yes.".
"Then I rather imagine it's a case
of frightening people, and probably
use the scare as a start for some
bigger scheme"
"Exaetly. And we've got to be ex-
actly one jump ahead. In the mean-
time it might be a good idea to send
word to a few of the more reliable
men around here—the fellows you.are
sure you can trust, to drift down this
way.
A hammering on the side of the
'house woke Guy with a start.
"'What was that?" Madelipe e'igi1,
""Someone knockfng," and, gun in
hand, Wardell hurried downstairs,
Ile was cautious enough to peer out
through the glass door before ex-
posing himself' to 'anyone who might
be lurking in the shadows. He saw
none one but something white, paper
it looked like, was on the floor. of the
verandtab, held down' by a stone. He
hesitated just the fraction of a min-
ute before he raced out to "pick it up.
It was a message, written in a era 1'.
g s w
ing hand: '
If you wish to help your country,
come at once to the maple grove at
the end of the Point. The meeting
begibs at sunrise. I need your help.
Come armed, and bring other help
you can tenet.
•
t "What do you, , sugtpoem it is --a
tap? Smith asked, "Or possibly
there is a stool pigeon on the inside."
"Certainly but—imagine our having
a friend.in that crowd—one ' who
would • bother to write that note anti
leave it here." ' •
Ten minutes later, heavily armed,
they plunged off through the woods
along the shore, headed north towards
the end of the Point.: Prom other
houses men were starting in the same
direction. It was an ideal location
that the agitators had choesen for in
the heart of a dense wood of cedar
trees,was this open grove, surround-
ed by maple trees.
And, in the maple .grave, ribs man
with, the face of a ferret climbed to a
fallen log •and started to address the
farm Stands who had assembled at his
bidding, while the fat man who bad
lived in the sap house watched the
expressions on the men's faces, and
scowled at what he found there.
CHAPTER IX. -
The first rays of .,the sun wero
piercing the clouds as Guy. and -Greg-
ory -Smith skirted the heavily wood-
ed shore of the Point at a pace that
was almost a trot.
It occurred to them both„ as so
often occurs to peen who make hasty
plans, that their little band., would
lack organization. The sheriff, of
course, could net get out from town
' on ten minutes notice, though John
Baker had the warrants for the arrest
of the agitators.
(To •bo continued.)
CHAPTER VIII.
One thing was certain to the group
of ten men and two women that met
at the Wardell place later than morn-
ing, and that was that the results of
the night before, the escape of Smith
and the failure of the bombs to ex-
plode, would surely precipitate mat-
ters and the agitators would make a
radical move at once.
They talked for an hour and "ar-
rived at a few 'decisions of impbrt-
ance. One
was that it would be bet-
ter to tell the shhen7fl
Wird have v a lot
of Joe Doe warrants filled out War-
dell and Gregory. Smith, 'because of
their aetions of the night before, were
to remain at Wardell's house, under
cover, and keep' their guns handy.
,The and
]rouse was to be the
headquarters, and, as far as passible,
all the telephone lines were •te be
kept free for instantrar.eous communi-
cation. A. cede signal was to haute
the place of meeting.
The group of men dispersed wbatcli.
ll.l ' are % to notify the sherif,
and get the warrants, half aozen
men were to tell the neighbors e�asen
to take, part in the raid on the meet -
Te the four that remained at Was'. -
dell's' house, 'Rose Baker, Madeline
Wardell, Gregory .Smith and Wardell
himself, the house dragged inisorabiy.
But dusk • turned to darkness and
tiro night hours slipped by wititouj,
anything happening. It was tie je
pail of inertia had fallen over the
Point, Nothing proved. Finally, about
eleven, the :four who'were waiting at
the Wardell bailee, just as others
waited it their hooses, gstv'e itp their
vigil in disgust and went to lied.
Take Hofnea Smile:
Horner is the place where the Laughter
should ring, •
And man 0 should b day
at his
bast,
Let the cares of the d y be -as great
as -they may,
The night has been fashioned for
rest,
So stand at the door aeon. the, toiling
" is o'er bt
And leave all your udens behind,
your And just be a dad toy r girl or your
it
lad—
A dad of the rollicking •kind, p,
The work -place is, made for tete tasks
you must face;
•It is built for the toil you must do;
You may sit there and sigh as your
cares pile up high,
And no one may criticize you;
You mayworry and fret as you think
of your debt,
You may grumble when plans go
astray, •
But when it comes night, and you shut
your desk tight,
Don't carry your burdens away.
Keep daytime for toil and the night-
time for play,
Work as hard as you choose in the
town,
But when the day ends and the dark-
ness descends,
Just forget that you're wearing a
frown,
Go hone with a smile! Olt, you'll rind
- it worth while,
Go home light of heart and of mind;
Go home and be glad that you're loved
as a clad,
A dad of•_ehe fun -loving kind.
1—
Big Medical Fees.
The $60,000' fee -said to have been
paid to Dr. Deblet, the famous French
surgeon, for attending the late King
of Greece, although a big sum as medi-
cal payments go, by no means estab-,
lashes a record,
A famous British physician, Sir Mor.
ell Mackenzie, received just about
double this—$100,000, with extras for
travelling 'and hotel expenses—for at.
tending the Emperor Frederick of
Germany, .
Dr. Lorenz, of Vienna, the "bloodless
surgeon," Was paid $160,000 by Philip
J. Armour, the Chicago "'meat icing,"
for curing his little daughter of • hip
disease. But then he was detained in
America for four months over the job,
Another famous bloodless surgeon,
Dr. James Gale, was offered $250,000
by a wealthy patient suffering from
lameness, on the principle of "n0 cure,
nop a ." itl .
p y Gale accepted the condi-
tions,
d
tions, effected a complete and perman-
ent cure, and received hie fee—prob-
ably the biggest on record. •
The first Baron Dimstlale, for a very
brief attendance on the Empress
Catherine of Russia, received his title,
550,000 in cash, en annuity of $2,500
year for life, and 55,000 for the ex.
pensee of his journey between Lon-
don and St. Petersburg aitd back.
Sugar From Sawdust,
Ona of the latest triumphs of fad.
Mice Is the production of glucose, or
grape sugar, from sawdust.
The sawdust is treated with aeid be'
a new process, and. onormous supplies
of sugar inay be entiplpatecl from the
rosette obtained,
Quantities of motor spirit are ob-
tained front saw -dust and wood, and
the production of sugar is only an-
other • example 01 elle way in which
chemists to -(lay are obtaining useful
products /rain ahuost overt' Ideal of
Waste material,
•
The Blacksmith's Fuirivaee.
As the harmer rode his mower
found gild relaid 'the field of ebuotliy
hay those wee a !Medea jar and a
sinal. The outer bar lull Weaken and
the maohiue would not were, Turn -
int; lets team, be drove leek to the
barn,
• With the broker, euttor bar. in the
hack of his spring wagon, he drove to
the village, There were two or three
other peen in the blacesmitli's ober
when he drove up. 'One Of them was
having a tire tightened end the other
a• ploughshare sharpened.
As he waited and talked ho saw the
wagon tire heated in the furnace, out
and heated again and welded together
and then heated all the way round be.
fore the hlacitomitb put it back on the.
Wheel' The 'ploughshare was also
plated in the furnace before it Was
laid on the anvil to be hammered out
to a sharp. edge.
When his turn•mtme the blacksmith
tools up the two pieces of 'the broken
cutter bar and remarked, You must
have tried to cut,an lnih bolt In two
from the way you have Jammed it up.
1'11 put .it into the fire and ace what
I can do with it."
When the two each were fed -hot he
took then] out and, laying them on the
anvil, brought down his heavy ham-
mer upon them, blow after blow.
The work was soot:, finished; and as
the farmer drove home he remember-
ed the things that he had seen. Tie
meditated upon the broken and dolled
instruments that the blacksmith soft-
ened in the fire in order to mend them,
and he meditated upon his own life.
Years ago he had broken his relation-
ship with the church because of. a
misunderstanding and had at last
drifted away from the teachings and
the faith of els parents and even from
the Book of God..-.,
Mid as be thought about the last
two years of hiss life he felt that the
Land of God had rested heavily upcn
hint; his lot had been full of sorrow
and losses. Now he realized that as
the furnace of the blacksmith had pre-
pared the broken instruments for
mending, so the .furnace of affliction
in which God had been trying hini 1zad
been preparing his. broken :lite. far
trending, in order that he mightehe a
useful • instrument in Ged'a ..hand.
Tears filled liis.eyes, which had been
dry for many Years, and his:. heart,
which was already softened, bowed to
the'will of God. And joy such as he
•had not known in many a day -filled
his soul, for he realized'that he, like
the mended cutter bar, was ready to
go out again into the field of service
for the Master.
An "Honest" Smuggler. .
Though smuggling no longer flour-
ishes as it did in the early days, there
was a time in England when the
strugglers and their secret supporters
were so strong that a constant sruggle
of no little intensity existed between
then and the government officials.
The 'Igallants of Fowey" had many a
tussle with the excise men, says Mr.
G. F. Mowbray in the Windsor Maga-
zine, and Prussia Cove and Polperro
ware pretty generally known as tato of
the most notorious haunts of smug-
glers in England. • •
But the traditional maxim of honor
among thieves may iu. some cases be
applied to these illicit traders, as is
shown n the following story by' Mr.
Mowbray—about an "honest" smug-
gler,
Of all the coves and fishing villages
of this. western land, Prussia Cove has,
perhaps, a unique history. It was the
home of that most accomplished, dar-
ing and successful of smugglers, John
Carter, better known to history by his
nickname, the Ring of Prussia. It
was he who cut the harbors and the
road, and adapted the- caves, and he
is the hero of ninny tales of the good
old days. On one occasion, during his
absence from home, excise officers
front Penzance came in their boats
and took a cargo but lately arrived
from France to Penzance, where it
was secured in ,the custom -house
store.
In due _comae John Carter returned
to the cove and learned the news.
What was he to do? He explained to
his comrades that he had agreed to
deliver that cargo to customers by a
certain day, and his reputation as an
honest man was at stake. He must
keep his word. That night armed men
broke open the stores at Penzance,
a:nd the King of Prussia took his own
again, returning to the cove without
being discovered. In the morning the
officers found that the place had been
broken. open. They examined the con-
tents and, noting what things were
gone, said 'to one another that John
Carter had been there, and they knew
it because he was an honest man, who
'would not take anything that did not
belong to him. And John Carter kept
his word to his customers.
He even went so far on one ocoa-
elon, as to mount some guns on a cliff
near his house, and, on H.M.S, Fairy's
appearing in sight, he thought to
frighten the bluejackets by peppering
them with shot The result of this ac-
tion was that his battery was de:
moliehed and an end put to his smug-
gling exploits.
Increase in Fur Values.
Five ve roars ago the wholesale price
of a goad muskrat skin was thirty-
seven cents. To -day it is 55.10. Other
kinds of furs have gone up in au
astonishing way.
The United States Biological, Survey
cites the case of a man who in 1018
bought a mink -lined coat for 5500.
After wearing it foils years he sold the
linhng•for 5i;000 and replaced it with
nutria at a cost of $150. In 1917 he
sold the nutria lining for 5250 and put
in 'a muskrat lining at a cost of $75,
Last year he sold the muskrat lining
for $800 aunt he still Inas the coat, with
a Blear profit of 5845,
;Naturally, the high prices obtainable
for furs nave incited trappers and
gunnels to extra efforts In the permit
of fur -bearing animals, which in con-
segae'nee are decreasing in ambers
at an accelerated rate, The draining
of marshes has a tendency to wipe out
the inusltrats. The only hope for fun,
bearing animals Bee in their tiolnost!.
cation -1,e„ fin establishing preserves
for thein where they will be eafe front
euolestatdee,
Tog ,I1AitD•WOJtj• ED DIl'>! EREN•
TIAL,
What de you know about the
wlliffietree on your ear? , Bever ]rear
of such a para? Be sure that there
is one, just es surely es en any two-
horse vehicle you, ever saw.
Remember that the whdffletree was
on`the rear end of the wagon pole
and one horse was attached to each
end of the whlffletree. This was to
make sur) that neither. of them could
loaf on the job, and that ie exactly
what the whiffletree is for on your
ear—to smoke •sure that neither of the
rear wheels takes undue advantage Of
the other.
Tho other name far the wifiietree is
the differential, and it is located in a
housing in the centre of the near
axle. Itis one of the most ingenious
devices on the car and somebody ex-
pended a tremendous amount of gray
matter in thinking it out. If you have
never seen one it is , worth all the
trouble and mess involved in taking
the cover off the housing, cleaning
it out •and refilling with fresh lubri-
cant.
You will find a combination of six
or seven gear wheels, one of which
is attached to the dative *haft, impart-
ing motion to all the others and'driv-
ing the car. It engages a largo ring
gear attached to a. housing or cage
which contains Ithe differential gears
proper. There is a smaller beveled
gear en the end of each axle shaft,
the rear axle being divided at this
point. Between these• gears are set
four pinion gears, which revolve
when the two halves of the axle go in
different dh'eetions, or at varying
speeds. .
At Different Speeds,
The wheels do have to go at differ-
ent speeds in running.. Most drivers
underatand : that •in: turning a corner
the outer .wheels travels a consider-
able distance further• than the inside
wheel, • because it must traverse a
much larger arcofa errele. The same
effect is likewise true when one wheel
goes over a bunip in the road. .To
get the -wheels to travel at. the same
speed on a straightaway and yet go
at different 'speeds on a curve whs a
real problem, and if you will inspect
the difeereniifal you will take off your
hat to the man who solved it.
While you are •at the inspection
jack up both rear wheels, set the gear
shaft in first ,speed and then turn one
of the wheels by hand. You will ob-
serve that the other 'wheel will go in
the opposite direction, because the
pinion gears give it a reverse motion.
With gear shift in neutral and clutch
released either of the wheels may be
moved while the other is held still,
but with gears and clutch engaged,
cranking the engine over by hand, it
will be observed that both wheels can-
not be held at the same time and that
when holding one the other goes ahead
twice es fast.
In some differentials there are three
pinions, instead of four, which is the
usual number. One would give the
sante action; the others axe for add-
ed strength. These pinions are
mounted upon what is called a spider;
to keep them tin position and work
simultaneously the spider is fastened
in and must revolve`vith the housing,
The large ring gear on the housing
and the smaller gear on the end of the
driving shaft which meshes with it
ere d,ot generally Gait;sislered as part•
ef• t) [ differential itself, but are
ltnow rather as the "final drive,"
Reduction in 51100,1.
t slid be impossible to
� reels at the origins s
is the reduction made
m scion gear, on
anything I
It(hive the
rear peed, or
oven by the
tr'aaa e but
a perfectly level road. With a heavy
load, or. in climbing a bill, the engine
would atoll quicl(ly, but by redueing
the apetd of the axlesa leverage is
obtained which wfll move the heavy
load or enable the ear to climb a hill
easily. • Therefore, if there aro ten
teeth on the gear attached to the
driving shaft there may be fifty teeth
on the ring goy with which it meshes,
so that there would .be 0 speed reduc-
tion of five to anm and a =respond-
ing increase in leverage.
Increased power for moving heavy
loads or for hill climbing is obtained
by increasing the retie between these
gears. Racing cars, travelling only
on the level, may have a ratio as low
as two to one or three to one, bee
cause there is little load carrying ca-
pacity needed,- and this may be sacri-
ficed to speed. This, with some other
differences„explains why a racing
Is good for facing only.
The differential is- practically a•
foolproof device. it works autoana•e
tieally, but it does regpire regular
lubrication and occasional adjuipe
rent. To secure perfect actlolt all the
gears should mesh properly. If the
driving gear teeth do not mesh at the
right angle or deep•enough with the
teeth of the ring gear, there will be
play and consequent wear, and pos-
sibly a num—which sometimes is a•
nice little song—and in time the
necessity,for new gears. If the teeth
mesh too tightly there is wear of am.
other sort, but • equally destructive;
and •the teeth may• bo chipped off or
other damage result. .
An adjustment :is :usually provided .
at the rear end ofthe drive shaft for •
correcting every evil; but it is .usually
hest to ,have the adjusting clone -at .a
repair shop. .There should be prac-
tically. no wear on the pinion gears,
since they _are not revolving except
when turning a curve. Going straight
away the whole differential assembly
revolves as one piece, actuated by
the gear of the drive shaft.
Keep It Well Lubricated.
The principal care that tate differ•
ential needs is lubrication of the
proper quality and character. The
car t!natruetion book gives the menu•
facturer's advice as to the best lubri•
cant and presumably be knows who,:
he is talking about. The instruction
in most cases is to keep the housing
a little less than half full of ver;;
heavy oil; in a few cases grease is
recommended, but it must be a light
grease to have any value as a lubri•
cant.
Many differential housings are pro.
elided with a drain plug' placed so that
the proper arouet of lubricant oral
be determined and any excess will
drain off when the plug is removed,
If the case is too full the oil may run
through the axle housings, get on the
brakes and cause them to slip. The
differential should ,be inspected every
500 miles and lubricant added, if
needed. Every 5,000 riles the case .
should be drained, thoroughly clean-
ed out with kerosene and have en
tirely new lubricant.
King Albert is Up -to -Irate
Monarch.
While Ring Albert was visiting Bra-
zil a cabinet crisis broke out at Brus.
sole. Nothing could be done during
hie absence. No one but himself
could accept the resignation of the
ministers who had been defeated or
appoint and swear in their successors.
The king accordingly hurried back to
Belgium. When he reached Lisbon
he left Queen Elizabeth and his son
on board the warship to complete the
homeward journey of several days by
sea and took the fastest train that he
could find, through Portugal and Spain,
to the latter's northern border,
Crossing the frontier into France,
he abandoned his special train near
Biarritz, motored out to a neighboring
aerodrome, found a couple of airplanee
in the very act of leaving for Le Bour-
get, the international air station just
outside Paris, enured passage in one
for himself
elf and in the other for his
aide-de-camp, Count tl'Oultremont,
and on reaching Le Bourget, trans-
ferred himself and his companion into
a couple of Belgian planes that were
in waiting and reached Brussels full
twenty-four hours or more ahead of
the time it would have taken to make
the trip by rail. Less than an hour
after his arrival he had received the
resignations of the outgoing cabinet
and sworn in Henri Carton de Wiart
as premier and the letter's new col-
leagues Into their respective offices.
it is assuredly ddfflcult to be more
up-to-date and abreast of the times
than this Belgian monarch; who thus
h lemonlemonflips Homo hrough the air oler ap
S
France, almost from the h bord-
er
s
er ahead of the fastest railroad train
or steamship, it order to settle affah•s
of state and to bang about a solution
of cabinet crises. '
Dick Won' His ,Case.
Tlu•ee-year-ol(i 'Dick simply would
not go to sleep. When IVa had asked
for water eight times his exasperated
Mother said:
"Now, Dick, I am not going to 'give
You any mor0 water. Little Jack
Horner -went to sleep in the corner,
and he didn't have any water, Little
Boy Blue wean to sleep in the corner,
si'nsit Waite didn't have any water.”
Dead silence for a moment. Then
heels replied!
• "How about Jack and Jill, who wont
up rho hill? They had a whole pail of
water"
Neediest', to Nay Dick got his ninth
cll'i tk
Tlio tongue of a giraffe measures,
611 an average, two feat in length,
World's Biggest Waterfall.
Which is the world's biggest wat• e
fatly?
Probably ntnety-uine people out. ca
every hundred, if asked this question,
would promptly answer "Niagara."
They would be wrong; that is, 11
we titre to accept as correct the state-
ment concerning the great Iguazu
Falls, in the Argentine Republic, made
by Lord. Frederic Hamilton in his
book, "The Days Before Yesterday."
Until recently, Lard Frederic pointe
out, the very existence of thie gigantic
cataract was questioned, depending as
it did on the testimony of wandering
Indians, and of one solitary white man,
a Jesuit missionary. Now, however,
since the railway to Paraguay has
been completed they can be reached
without any very. great difficulty,
The Iguazu Falls are 210 feet high
and nearly a mile wide, as against
Niagara's 160 feet in height and ap-
proximately the same width, while the
volume of water is about the same in
both cases.
The Victoria Falls on the Zambezi
River in South Africa, too, are 830
feet high, more than double that of '
Niagara, and their width is just,over
one mile, Except in March and April,
however, the volume of water hurling
itself over the Victoria Falls into the.
gorge below is smaller than at,
Niagara.
0ii`.
You will immensely
improve the tastiness
of dishes and addtre-
mendouslSri to their
nourishing value if
you use plenty of