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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1917-12-13, Page 74arrn r%4CafGY,at4 T_QFtf6P"'x i%G+SRC Y� � 9'.�! no 1111'�31ft",.� AN,�,t' �"y'•r,a,�»`'�,r�, cries Conducted by Professtlr Henry G, 13el1 .41.64,4044u6 The obJect of this department is to place atthe sen. Vice of our farm readers the advice of an acknowledged authority on all 'Subjects pertaining to solea and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In. caro of The.WItaon Publishing Company, Limited, Toronto', and answers will appear In this column Inthe order ID which they are received. As space Is limited It 19 advie. able where immediate reply le necessary that a stamped and addreeaeu envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will P'e mailed direct Henry G. Ball The Fertilizer Industry and The are about 1,800,06; etons of this me. aerial usedannually' in the manufac- ture of acid phosphate. Owing to the extra burden imposed on boat . and 'railways in the transportation of army supplies, troops and regular freight, it is feared that even worse conges- tion will yet face the industry. In order to reduce the rock to a soluable form, the industry requires a large quantity of sulphuric' acid. The material from which much of the sol- phuric acid has been made is Spanish pyrites, or sulphide of iron. The submarine campaign has been pursued With such vigor that the 'supply is greatly diminished. To these difficulties facing the in- dustry, must be added the feet that be- fore the war pyrites cost approximate- ly 13e. per unit of sulphur, but now the industry has W purchase pyrites at the rate of -28e. per unit of sulphur. Americo has domestic supplies of sul- phur in the .form of brimstone, but with spch enormous war responsibil- ities facing us, there is call for no small percent. of the acid manufactur- ed for the making of explosives, and there is no certainty as to how sopn it may be found necessary to take even a larger percent. of acid which normally goes into the manufacture of avail- able phosphoric acid. Ammoniates The supply of ammoniates faces similar competition. Under former conditions, Chilean nitrates sold to the manufacturer at a priceeof approxim-' ately$2.25 a hundred -weight. Now it ranges from $4.75 to $5.00 a hundred- weight. Munition manufacturers use large quantities of nitrate in the manufacture of high explosives. An- other ammoniate that has formerly formed a large part of the nitrogeli- carrying material in fertilizers is sul- phate of ammonia. - This material, too, is being used more and more as a basin for the manufacture of high ex - Potato Situation. Conditions surrounding the produc- tion of the fundannental article of Canadian diet and the source of its greatest plantfood supply are so in- timately related that they deserye special consideration, The productive fields of France, Italy, Great Britain and Belgium, that normally produce cereals to the extent that those countries need im- port from America only 380,804,000 bushels of cereale, have been so Iaid waste that in order to keep up the nor- mal consumption, the total import re- quired this year will be 577,709,000 bushels of wheat. Canada has but little in excess of 150,000,000 bushels of wheat to ex- port this year. Now, if ye aye to maintain our position in the gigantic task wo have undertaken, we must substitute other materials for our own food so that wheat may go abroadr to the extent that is absolutely ne"cese Bary to sustain the armies in the field and the populace in the countries that are ravaged by actual combat. Recent reports frons Paris show that France alone will need 122,000,000 bushels of cereals in 1918..What is more na- tural than that we should substitute a larger per cent. of potatoes in our diet. Previous -to last planting season, strenuous efforts were made to in- crease the potato acreages find to im- prove the methods of potato produc- tion to the end that much larger crops be realized. That these efforts bore fruits is evident. It is now becoming more and more evident that e sirnliar campaign will have its place in the spring of 1918, To my mind such a campaign should lay emphasis more than ever upon intensive methods in producing potatoes. The potato grower is faced with the great scar- city of farm labor and with anincreas- ing cost of same. To increase his potato area is simply to multiply sev-. plosives." It also"forms the basis of eral of the important items in therefrigeration, andas a result, our Cost per bushel depends on -yield per acre Cost Per Arre. Yield Per Acre (Bushels) 70 80 90 100;. 110, 120 180 140 150 175 200 $20.00 .285 30.00 .428 40.00 .671 60.00 .714 60.00 -.859 .70.00 1:00 80.00 1.142 90.00 1.285 100.00 1.428 110.00 1..641 120.00 1.714 130.00 1.855 .26 .222 .20 .375 .383 .30 .,.272 .25 .50 .444 .40 .863 .338 .625 .556 .50 .454 .416 .76 .6611 .60 .645 .50 .875 777 .70 .636 .588 1.00 .888 .80 .727 .666 1.126 1.00 .90 .818 .75 1.250 1.11 1.00 .909 .883 1.375 1.22 1.10 1.00 .916 1.50 1.83 1.20 1.09 1.00 1.625- 1..44 1.30 1.18 x,1.08 .807 .884 .461 .538 .615 .692 .769 .846 928 1.00 .285 .357 .428 .571 .642 .714 .785 .867 .928 .266 .388 .285 .25 -.40 .842 .30 .466 .40 .85 .583 .467 .40 .60 .614 .45 .666 .671 .60 .783 .628 .65 ..866 .742 .65 cost of production of potatoes. To allied European governments are come prepare his potato seed -bed better and peting more and more for the Ameri- to supply the potato crop with a larger quantity of available plantfood will necessarily increase the cost per acre to some extent, but will at the same time increase Lhe yield per acre to an extent that will mean the ultimate production of the crop at a consider, ably reduced cost per bushel. The following table is more or less an empirical statement concerning : the cost por bushel at varying rates of yield and acro costs; but this state- ment can be of considerable benefit to the potato -grower if he studies it carefully. To illustrate its use, let me point out that if the potato -grower spends but $40.00 per acre in the pre- paration of hls field and the handling of the crop throughout, and obtains approximately 80 bushels per acre, his potatoes cost- him 50e. a bushel, If by careful fertilization of potatoes, end a little more careful culture et an aggregate cost of $60 per acre, he can increase the yield' from 80 bushels to 150 bushels per acro, he can reduce his cost per bushel 10c., and has 70 more bushels -per acre to sell. -- Some have claimed . that potatoes this year cost over $100 per acre, due to the high price of eoed'and increased cost of fertilizer and labor. At such a cost, if },potatoes yield 200 hushela to the tier °, the cost is 60e. a buphel; still if that yield can bo increased to 250 bushels per acro, the cost will 'be 10e. less par bushel, There are two points for the 1938'potato-grower to' keep n mind; first, that there is bound to be a tremendous call for food; second, that libeled fertilization, even at wi- elder -able inoreesed cost, will, if Intel - can supply in order to keep meats fresh for the men on the firing line of -Europe. Tankage and blood and other by-products of the packing and ether industry have usually been used to the extent of a million and a half tons'per annum. High-priced crops always moan high-priced meat animals. It is `impossible for the farmer to feed high-priced corn and sell his livestock at a low price. Now, in order to hasten the maturing of the livestock, farmers are watching their rations closer and closer. They are feeding more concentrates, and con- centrates of higher quality at the critical period. As a result the de- mand for stock feed' has increased enormously. w Potash The one constituent that the potato - grower is especially interested in has undergone most severe competition within the period of the war. The Ger- man embargo and the activity of the submarines have absolutely cut off the European aupply of potash,• so that what formerly sold for $40 a {ion now 18 quoted at over $860 a ton. This materiel, too, has an important place in the manufacture of gunpowder and other explosives, The shutting off of the European supply created great incentive for it search for home supplies. This has been rewarded more or lase in the development of the kelp industry, which ie nothing more than the cut- ting olid drying of the eeaweeds at the ocean edge, plants which are high in potash. Recently it has been discov- ered that the duet front the marl and ligently applied, greatly morose the rock at cement niille contains ap- average yield aper acre, proximately 1.05 pounds of potash per In of these facts, potato=grow- barrel of cement lnai}afactured,Al- ere will be especially interested in the together these home sources of potash Prospect for fertilizers for the spring are producing approximately 80,000 of 1918,. It le not my purpose to tons of 1020 versus the reermal need of relate the story of the difficulties 260,000 tone of K20, ; Which now face the ferulic» industry When you add td these difficulties ie. Only insofar as it has a bearing Upon obtaining nitrogen carders, phos - the supply and necessarily upon. the cost of fertilizers noxi spring, )':int me call your attentlon,fit"ut to the con- dition of the supply, of the basis. of acid phosphate, As you ltttow, the supply of iihespllate roost conree from Florida,'I'enneseg and Carolhia, There phoria acid and potash,.the fact that burlap bags have increased from $85 ,loeusalem---A temptation to go out - to $240 n thousand, and labor has in-' side of the city wall for purchases; creased in Coat from 60 to 76';i, ynu singi�ply (mother way of desecrating the will eee the logic and necessity of the Sabbath. Duce er twie-2111° traffic eincrease in coat of fertilizers for the ,vent on for a Sabbath or two before nc of 110 Nchemlah took ttotit'e of 1e, when lie p did 80 he proceeded with all energy, " PATENT YOUR INVENTIONS, vk o L u ht o '11,gme U&' owe de ca y U al o X lop Yqut• own use may be Ya7 uuble, Booklet of inforinatiou, frw, 7'tea'd Y'llt .Att'r T.timb3 Tial � an Idf t n o i tfoo na al S II Y � The figures I have presented are not guesses or mere estimates. They are figures that have beendeduced by extensive surveys of the fertilizer in- dustry and figures that have been lek- ee from special investigation of dis- interested parties. The outlook for the supply of fertilizers, in view of the foregoing facts, seems to look rather foreboding, yet the increased cost of average analyses used on potatoes, analyses that carry ap- proximately half or lase the potash that was supplied In potato fertilizers' 'previous to the war, has increased buts a moderlite amount in view of the much increased prices being obtained=, for the produce. , It is doubtful if the' 1918 selling price of the average pota-' to fertilizer'wonld be found to exceed prices obtaining Ander normal condi- tions by more than 40%. Looking at the question in another way; An ap- plications of 1500 pounds per acre of 6-8-4, which would formerly cost ap- proximately $40 per acre, will not like- ly exceed a cost of more than $60 an acre this coming spiting. You as potato -growers are going to be faced with the question -.et a few times: "Will it' pay me to fertilize my potato crog-in view of present high costs?" The 'government has not guaranteed a minimum price for this important food product, but conditions would seem to warrant the farmer's expecta- tion for an increased instead of less demand during the summer and fall of 1918. i Consistent effort is being made to improve the grading and marketing of this important crop. Now, the basis of good grading is high quality ma-, terial. No one factor is more import- ant in standardizing the quality `of Canadian potatoes than the judicious feeding of the growing crop with available plantfood. All of the older and prominent potato -growing sec- tions of, this continent have de -i monstrated that no one factor is more, important in• standardizing the quality of potatoes on this continent than the judicious feeding of the growing crop with available plantfood. INTERNATIONAL• LESSON DECEMBER 16. Lesson 381. Nehemiah Enforces the Law of the'Sabbath-Neh. 13. 15-22. Golden Text, Exod. 20. 8. • Verses 15, 16 give illustrations of violations pf the Sabbath laws, (1) bye labor, (2) by carrying on traffic. In those days -An iudefinate note of time. After his return Nehemiah may have made a tour of inspection, in the course of which he made the dis- covery. Winepresses -The grapes were placed in a receptacle and then. trodden with bare feet; from the press the juice flowed into a receptacle row- er down. Sheaves -Better with margin, "heaps of grain;" these were collected to take them to the city fax sale. It would seem that work and business flourished on tate Sabbath as on the other days of the week. Burdens -Better, "produce." To do these things on the Sabbath was a violation of oft -repeated exhortations by prophets and' priests (for example . Exod. 20. 8-14 D cut. 5. 12-15; Isa. 56. 2; 58. 13;-ger.'17. 21; Ezek. 20, 16; 22. 2). Testified -Better, as translated above, "I protested against their selling provisions on that day." Men of Tyre -People who had dome 'from the Phoenician city of Tyre. It is not known when they settled in Jerusalem; they may have goue there to carry on traffic in- fish, which could be caught in abundance along the coast. As foreigners they may not have had any scruples on the subject of trading on the Sabbath,* but in a Jewish coni-: munity they sould bave been re- , strained. The dosing wards of verse 16 should be translated "the Jews! (children of Judah) in Jerusalem." Verses 17, 18 narrate Nehemiah's. protest to the authorities that had al -i lowed the abuses to spring up. Con- tended -me "expostulated." Neblesi -Whose business it was to enforce' the late. Profane -Secularize it by' it as an ordinary day. If they would only study their past his - treating tory they would soon discover that it,' was a similar disregard of the law of Jehovah that brought such bitter 802-I brings to the people, This evil -1 Subjection to a foreign power,pover, ty, attacks' by surrounding. nations, I etc.. Bring more wrath -Persistence: in the present practice can mean Only further manifestations of the divine wrath. Verses 10-22 describe the steps tak- en by Nehemiah to gttard the satictity of the Sabbath. Began to be dant- More literally, "at Boon as the gates began to have shadows on them;' that is, the order to close the gates was given at the begineing'of the Sabbath day, at sunset or as soon as the dark- ness came, on the clay before the Sale, bath; and they were to remain shut until the close of the Sabbath day. Servants -Personal attendants on whose fidelity ho could rely: this was dorso to prevent a porter from bring itidecoct by bribery to open the gates, Burden. --dice on verso 15, Without Testified -See en verse 15. Lay hands on you -That ie, inflict punishment.. The threat accomplished its purpose, fpAr the traders withdrew. Levites-- Tentporarily Nehemiah had appointed hisattendants t guard some of own atter nt o g r the gates; the permanent arrangement committed the task to eeelesiastieal officials, members of the Levitical caste, Purify themselves --To make themselves 'ceremonially clean, (Ezra 0,, 20; Neh, 12, 30). 13y these Pre- cautions Nehemiah hoped to preserve the sanctity of the Sabbath day, The account of the reform closes with e naive prayer that Jehovah will give proper recognition to the efforts of Nehemiah on behalf of the cause of Jehovab. Spare - Better, "be gracious.." The manifestations of the divine Face are to be unlimited like the divine lovinglcindness. 1did There is a tendency for poultry raisers to consider green food more in the light of an accessory to the re- gular bill of fare than as a staple and necessity. This is a mistake. Suc- culent feeds, which is another term for green stuffs, are just as important as animal feeds or grains, without which no experienced poultryman would think of trying to produce eggs, especially in cold weather. Frequently poultry keepers go to great pains to provide their flocks with beef scrap, fish meal, green -cut bone and other sources of animal pro- tein, Which are essential to a well- balanced ration, to be sure, and then pay little or no attention to the green supply, sometimes ignoring it entirely. The result of this management, or rather mismanagement, is really a loss, because fowls are not capable of getting the full benefit from animal protein,' which is the meet expensive food element, without the aid of the mineral salts contained in the suc- culent usculent feeds. A flock may appear to thrive without green food, but what- ever productiveness the hens show it is not normal, nor permanent, nor healthful. Succulent feeds correspond to "roughage," the bulky feeds, such as hay, alfalfa and corn fodder, which are so essential in the dairy, horse stable and,, in fact, in raising all forms, of livestock. Besides - furnishing valu- able nutrients, for most green -stuffs contain protein and carbohydrates in fair quantities, the succulent feeds serve to counteract the evil effects of the highly concentrated fo-ods and aid in their assimilation. The eggs from flocks maintained HIGHEST PRICES PAID For POULTRY, GAME, EGGS & FEATHERS Please write for particulars, P. PO77tIN (k CO., 39 Donseooure 7laarket, Montreal i 1 Mothers and daughters of all ages ,aro cordiatty "Invited to Write to utile i department. Initials only will he published with each question and Ita answer I ss a means of identification, but full name and address must bo given In each leiter, Write on one aide of paper only, Answers will be mailed direct et stamped and addressed envelope le enclosed. Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs, Helen Law. 233 Wcodulne Ave„ Toronto. 0 Ur Grneluiod.6y JY,s-)'1P+.eiia ..Cctur Miss Flo.: -Borated vaseline is , probably the best remedy for chapped hands. One should be careful to dry the hands thoroughly after washing. Apply the vaseline at night. Another good remedy is glycerine with a few drops of lemon juice. Rubbing a piece of cut lemon on the hands will remove stains and whiten them beauti- fully. Maid Marion: -To stiffen a crochet basket, dissolve one part of gelatine in six parts hot water. Dip the bas- ket, shape and dry in the air -not in the oven. This gives a pure white piece a very slight creamy tint; on an,,, ecru piece it has no apparent effect. The happy recipient of your basket will appreciate it, I am sure, Maid Marion. Rosalind: -A popular little play for children's acting is "Ye Village Skewl of Long Ago," in one act, taking an hour's time, for seven boys and ten girls. A••two act play, for one boy and nine girls is .entitled "The Con- valescence of Robbie." Country Woman; -Sharing indigna- tion with your city sisters overthe price of potatoes, aren't you? Well, the price of potatoes has not been fix- ed because it is impossible to fix them for this year. The average crop of potatoes in Canada is a hundred bushels to the acre. The seed alone costs the Ontario farmers $42 an acre without taking into account the cost of without green stuffs, or an insufficient supply, are very likely to be weak and watery. Weak eggs mean poor hatches, naturally, and chicks with weakened constitutions, than which nothing is more difficult to combat in the brooder. We cannot expect strong pullets front weakened chicks, con- sequently in the matter of a. couple of generations the cohstitutioual vigor of the entire flock is impaired. Above everything else, green food stands for stamina, It means health and vitality. Green food virtually guarantees high fertility in the breed- ing seasons. It means strong eggs, and plenty of them; eggs that will hatch well and produce strong, active chicks. Green food, exercise and plenty of fresh air, which means sun- shine, too, are the greatest boons to poultrymen. Given these three ele- ments the poultry keeper will have very little use for the medicine bottle. Was It Injustice? J t, Marian's color was high and her eyes ;were dark with cxcitethent, Clearly something had happened. "What's up, els 7" Roger asked, looking at her eurioualy. "Up? Injustice, prejudice, favorit- ism and everything else that's unfair and dishonest is up. I've been in that office three years, and Letitia Banks has been there less than two. I no labor and other expenses, As Mr, more doubted I'd get Miss Roberts' Hanna hes sail: "You cannot fix place than I doubted I'd come home to prices at the figures of ordinary good dinner -and Hien if Letitia Banlcs crop years; you cannot eut the prices didn't walls oil yyrrith it without aword! in spite of the cold facts." Oh, I'd like mho to put my foot in Mrs. Ontario: -You ars a wise wo- that office again. What's the use of man to follow the Domestic Science doing good work when this is what lessons so closely. They are prole- You get for it -a little, pines-elleeked ably one of the best series on the sub- baby eealldng off with a promotion ject that has appeared in any news- under your vet• e: noel It's the in. paper, Your plan of preserving them justice of it that makes Inc blaze!" in a scrap book will he appreciated There was a moment of uneomfort- later on by the wee daugliters. You able silence. Mother was all sympa- ash why the Food Controller doesn't thy, Virginia was all indignation; only prohibit the distillation of grain for Roger looked at his sister gravely. alcoholic liquors in Canada. You have "But there mast have been some evidently overlooked the order -in- reason -business men don't usually council of August 9, under which the Promote against their own interests." use of wheat for distillation or mann- "They promote the one that flat - facture of alcohol was prohibited, ex- tern them--that'e what they dol" sept that the Food Controller may Marian retorted bitterly. "That's license the use of wheat in the distilia- what Letitia Banks has done from the tion of alcohol for manufacturing or first. You'd think to hear her gush munitions purposes. The new order over it that there wasn't a firm in saves for food purposes considerable the universe like Pembroke & Easton! quantities of barley, corn and rye, Well, if they're her ideal, she's wel- L. S.: -Yes, you are at perfect lib- come to them, I'm going to look for erty to send cake and candy to the sol- another place, that's all." diers, These delectables are not in There was no use in saying any - eluded in the list of articles for which thing when Marian felt like that. The you must have a license before you family went in to dinner, but in spite can send 'them out of the country. of Roger's efforts it was not a cheers Sugar, including maple sugar, may be fol meal. Even mother --though she exported by parcel post, the limit 02 would not have confessed it even to weight to the United Kingdom being herself -drew a breath of relief when eleven pounds, and for furtherance to Marian started for her boys' club. France seven pounds. That at least roused Marian's en- thusiasm. A. block below the club a small fig- ure was lying in wait for her; under the street light he lifted a glowing, freckled face. "Hello, Miss Mariann Say, did you l know I'm in business?" Marian's tense face relaxed. She never could resist her boys. "Why, no, Billy," she replied. "What are you doing?" "Office boy ---Parker & Cone's. Say, we're some firm all right! Did you know we got a five -thousand -dollar contract yesterday? And sent out seven new bids, and I bet we'll pull down some of 'em, too! Mr. Parker, he's a hustler, and Mr. Cone -say, Miss Marian, you'd jest orter hear him! I bet there ain't anything about buildings he don't know, I Iearned the different sizes of fireproofing tile to -day. Ted Baiidy taught me. He was office boy but got promoted. He says I'll get my chance all right be- cause I'm interested. He says they care more for that than most any- thing. You bet your life I'm inter- ested': Say, what's the matter, Miss Marian?" Marian had stopped short and was looking clown at him es if she were seeing something for the first time in her life. Perhaps she was. HIGHEST PRICES PAILS For RAW FURS and GINSENG IV. SILVER 220 at. Paul at. W. Montreal, P.Q. . Reference. Union Bk, of Canada OUR ADVICE Ship to us at once and Reap Benefits of High Prices now prevailing, Price List and Shipping Tags FREE (fru• andAlexander,WINt!pE0,Canada stastoiJiin57aieN.icr�//tPpp,� lilI'df'�F f ryfa>� 0 .J. Go i NOW and pick out your Viecrol 4 for Chrisimas It well be delivered whenever you wish., Victrolas $27.50, $41 50, $63, $79, $117.50, $225, $205, $365, $370, ;rte, $524 Vic'lor Records -90c for 10 -inch, double -sided, Vidor- Vidtrola and complete outfit of 15 double -sided records, 30 selections for $41.00. EASY PAYMENTS, IF DESIRED Write for Catalogue listing over 9000 Vidor Records Berliner Gram -o -phone Company MONTREAL LIMITl,I) 601 Lenoir Stre$t 0 5::*'21 ��P f� p �g�1 g,tIt f ��i/�P 1111 t. ; �� a ���,' �1 C����1�B1������8�1a� eeee Children and Table Manners. Sitting beside us the other day in a restaurant was a small child, who had the very worst table manners and bad temper we have witnessed in any child. The way this child was being brought up or not brought np was disturbing. He handled everything on the table, helped himself to sugar and audibly crowded the lumps into his mouth despite his mother's protest. He then persisted in arguing about tit, the sugar making his remarks rather in- distinct. He asked for the food on our plate, and stopped the waitresses to ask what their trays held. Al- though he had been allowed to order what he wished, he demanded a full share of his mother's luncheon. Now, being somewhat of a philosopher, we made the best of a bad situation. Mother assured us that"Harold never did thie at home, etc," Well, if Harold did not do such things at home he would not do them in public. "Darling" was urged to eat what was on his plate, but mother finally fed darling the whipped cream off her iced coffee, and fed darling a few sips of coffee as well, She also gave him tomato salad from her own plate, and finally, 0 tempora, 0 mores, slipped a piece of apple pie into the child's cup and let him eat it with a spoon! Now, it is not necessary for a child to have poor table manner because his age is written in one digit. The fault crests with the one who looks after the wants of the child at meal times, Pos- sibly that person thinks the getting I of foot? into the child's .stomach via his hands and mouth is the end to be gained. Would that she knew the. method is quite as important an end es the ultimate satisfying of the ap- petite, We also decided that the t'u1e of our own childhood about "children be- ing seen and not heard" has still much in its favor. The principal factor in the eradica- tioli of poultry diseases is the adop- tion of proper sanitary measures at the outset. Infectious disorders will recur no !natter 'slow wisely treated, unless such treatment is supplemented by the libera. 08e' of efficient disin- fectants, Difinfeetitn is the one basic principle upon which rests free- dom from disease and prevention meet occupy the foremost plate 12 headway is to be gained,