HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1917-12-13, Page 74arrn r%4CafGY,at4 T_QFtf6P"'x i%G+SRC Y� � 9'.�!
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Conducted by Professtlr Henry G, 13el1
.41.64,4044u6
The obJect of this department is to place atthe sen.
Vice of our farm readers the advice of an acknowledged
authority on all 'Subjects pertaining to solea and crops.
Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In.
caro of The.WItaon Publishing Company, Limited, Toronto',
and answers will appear In this column Inthe order ID
which they are received. As space Is limited It 19 advie.
able where immediate reply le necessary that a stamped
and addreeaeu envelope be enclosed with the question,
when the answer will P'e mailed direct
Henry G. Ball
The Fertilizer Industry and The are about 1,800,06; etons of this me.
aerial usedannually' in the manufac-
ture of acid phosphate. Owing to the
extra burden imposed on boat . and
'railways in the transportation of army
supplies, troops and regular freight,
it is feared that even worse conges-
tion will yet face the industry.
In order to reduce the rock to a
soluable form, the industry requires a
large quantity of sulphuric' acid. The
material from which much of the sol-
phuric acid has been made is Spanish
pyrites, or sulphide of iron. The
submarine campaign has been pursued
With such vigor that the 'supply is
greatly diminished.
To these difficulties facing the in-
dustry, must be added the feet that be-
fore the war pyrites cost approximate-
ly 13e. per unit of sulphur, but now
the industry has W purchase pyrites
at the rate of -28e. per unit of sulphur.
Americo has domestic supplies of sul-
phur in the .form of brimstone, but
with spch enormous war responsibil-
ities facing us, there is call for no
small percent. of the acid manufactur-
ed for the making of explosives, and
there is no certainty as to how sopn it
may be found necessary to take even a
larger percent. of acid which normally
goes into the manufacture of avail-
able phosphoric acid.
Ammoniates
The supply of ammoniates faces
similar competition. Under former
conditions, Chilean nitrates sold to the
manufacturer at a priceeof approxim-'
ately$2.25 a hundred -weight. Now it
ranges from $4.75 to $5.00 a hundred-
weight. Munition manufacturers use
large quantities of nitrate in the
manufacture of high explosives. An-
other ammoniate that has formerly
formed a large part of the nitrogeli-
carrying material in fertilizers is sul-
phate of ammonia. - This material,
too, is being used more and more as a
basin for the manufacture of high ex -
Potato Situation.
Conditions surrounding the produc-
tion of the fundannental article of
Canadian diet and the source of its
greatest plantfood supply are so in-
timately related that they deserye
special consideration,
The productive fields of France,
Italy, Great Britain and Belgium,
that normally produce cereals to the
extent that those countries need im-
port from America only 380,804,000
bushels of cereale, have been so Iaid
waste that in order to keep up the nor-
mal consumption, the total import re-
quired this year will be 577,709,000
bushels of wheat.
Canada has but little in excess of
150,000,000 bushels of wheat to ex-
port this year. Now, if ye aye to
maintain our position in the gigantic
task wo have undertaken, we must
substitute other materials for our
own food so that wheat may go abroadr
to the extent that is absolutely ne"cese
Bary to sustain the armies in the field
and the populace in the countries that
are ravaged by actual combat. Recent
reports frons Paris show that France
alone will need 122,000,000 bushels of
cereals in 1918..What is more na-
tural than that we should substitute a
larger per cent. of potatoes in our diet.
Previous -to last planting season,
strenuous efforts were made to in-
crease the potato acreages find to im-
prove the methods of potato produc-
tion to the end that much larger crops
be realized. That these efforts bore
fruits is evident. It is now becoming
more and more evident that e sirnliar
campaign will have its place in the
spring of 1918, To my mind such a
campaign should lay emphasis more
than ever upon intensive methods in
producing potatoes. The potato
grower is faced with the great scar-
city of farm labor and with anincreas-
ing cost of same. To increase his
potato area is simply to multiply sev-. plosives." It also"forms the basis of
eral of the important items in therefrigeration, andas a result, our
Cost per bushel depends on -yield per acre
Cost Per
Arre.
Yield Per Acre (Bushels)
70 80 90 100;. 110, 120 180 140 150 175 200
$20.00 .285
30.00 .428
40.00 .671
60.00 .714
60.00 -.859
.70.00 1:00
80.00 1.142
90.00 1.285
100.00 1.428
110.00 1..641
120.00 1.714
130.00 1.855
.26 .222 .20
.375 .383 .30 .,.272 .25
.50 .444 .40 .863 .338
.625 .556 .50 .454 .416
.76 .6611 .60 .645 .50
.875 777 .70 .636 .588
1.00 .888 .80 .727 .666
1.126 1.00 .90 .818 .75
1.250 1.11 1.00 .909 .883
1.375 1.22 1.10 1.00 .916
1.50 1.83 1.20 1.09 1.00
1.625- 1..44 1.30 1.18 x,1.08
.807
.884
.461
.538
.615
.692
.769
.846
928
1.00
.285
.357
.428
.571
.642
.714
.785
.867
.928
.266
.388 .285 .25
-.40 .842 .30
.466 .40 .85
.583 .467 .40
.60 .614 .45
.666 .671 .60
.783 .628 .65
..866 .742 .65
cost of production of potatoes. To allied European governments are come
prepare his potato seed -bed better and peting more and more for the Ameri-
to supply the potato crop with a larger
quantity of available plantfood will
necessarily increase the cost per acre
to some extent, but will at the same
time increase Lhe yield per acre to an
extent that will mean the ultimate
production of the crop at a consider,
ably reduced cost per bushel. The
following table is more or less an
empirical statement concerning : the
cost por bushel at varying rates of
yield and acro costs; but this state-
ment can be of considerable benefit
to the potato -grower if he studies it
carefully. To illustrate its use, let
me point out that if the potato -grower
spends but $40.00 per acre in the pre-
paration of hls field and the handling
of the crop throughout, and obtains
approximately 80 bushels per acre,
his potatoes cost- him 50e. a bushel,
If by careful fertilization of potatoes,
end a little more careful culture et an
aggregate cost of $60 per acre, he can
increase the yield' from 80 bushels to
150 bushels per acro, he can reduce
his cost per bushel 10c., and has 70
more bushels -per acre to sell. --
Some have claimed . that potatoes
this year cost over $100 per acre, due
to the high price of eoed'and increased
cost of fertilizer and labor. At such
a cost, if },potatoes yield 200 hushela to
the tier °, the cost is 60e. a buphel; still
if that yield can bo increased to 250
bushels per acro, the cost will 'be 10e.
less par bushel, There are two points
for the 1938'potato-grower to' keep
n mind; first, that there is bound to
be a tremendous call for food; second,
that libeled fertilization, even at wi-
elder -able inoreesed cost, will, if Intel -
can supply in order to keep meats
fresh for the men on the firing line
of -Europe. Tankage and blood and
other by-products of the packing and
ether industry have usually been used
to the extent of a million and a half
tons'per annum. High-priced crops
always moan high-priced meat
animals. It is `impossible for the
farmer to feed high-priced corn and
sell his livestock at a low price. Now,
in order to hasten the maturing of the
livestock, farmers are watching their
rations closer and closer. They are
feeding more concentrates, and con-
centrates of higher quality at the
critical period. As a result the de-
mand for stock feed' has increased
enormously. w
Potash
The one constituent that the potato -
grower is especially interested in has
undergone most severe competition
within the period of the war. The Ger-
man embargo and the activity of the
submarines have absolutely cut off the
European aupply of potash,• so that
what formerly sold for $40 a {ion now
18 quoted at over $860 a ton. This
materiel, too, has an important place
in the manufacture of gunpowder and
other explosives,
The shutting off of the European
supply created great incentive for
it search for home supplies. This has
been rewarded more or lase in the
development of the kelp industry,
which ie nothing more than the cut-
ting olid drying of the eeaweeds at the
ocean edge, plants which are high in
potash. Recently it has been discov-
ered that the duet front the marl and
ligently applied, greatly morose the rock at cement niille contains ap-
average yield aper acre, proximately 1.05 pounds of potash per
In of these facts, potato=grow- barrel of cement lnai}afactured,Al-
ere will be especially interested in the together these home sources of potash
Prospect for fertilizers for the spring are producing approximately 80,000
of 1918,. It le not my purpose to tons of 1020 versus the reermal need of
relate the story of the difficulties 260,000 tone of K20, ;
Which now face the ferulic» industry When you add td these difficulties ie.
Only insofar as it has a bearing Upon obtaining nitrogen carders, phos -
the supply and necessarily upon. the
cost of fertilizers noxi spring, )':int
me call your attentlon,fit"ut to the con-
dition of the supply, of the basis. of
acid phosphate, As you ltttow, the
supply of iihespllate roost conree from
Florida,'I'enneseg and Carolhia, There
phoria acid and potash,.the fact that
burlap bags have increased from $85 ,loeusalem---A temptation to go out -
to $240 n thousand, and labor has in-' side of the city wall for purchases;
creased in Coat from 60 to 76';i, ynu singi�ply (mother way of desecrating the
will eee the logic and necessity of the Sabbath. Duce er twie-2111° traffic
eincrease in coat of fertilizers for the ,vent on for a Sabbath or two before
nc of 110 Nchemlah took ttotit'e of 1e, when lie
p did 80 he proceeded with all energy,
" PATENT YOUR INVENTIONS,
vk o L u ht o
'11,gme U&' owe de ca y U al o X
lop Yqut• own use may be Ya7 uuble,
Booklet of inforinatiou, frw,
7'tea'd Y'llt .Att'r
T.timb3 Tial
� an Idf
t n o i tfoo na
al
S II
Y �
The figures I have presented are
not guesses or mere estimates. They
are figures that have beendeduced by
extensive surveys of the fertilizer in-
dustry and figures that have been lek-
ee from special investigation of dis-
interested parties. The outlook for
the supply of fertilizers, in view of
the foregoing facts, seems to look
rather foreboding, yet the increased
cost of average analyses used on
potatoes, analyses that carry ap-
proximately half or lase the potash
that was supplied In potato fertilizers'
'previous to the war, has increased buts
a moderlite amount in view of the
much increased prices being obtained=,
for the produce. , It is doubtful if the'
1918 selling price of the average pota-'
to fertilizer'wonld be found to exceed
prices obtaining Ander normal condi-
tions by more than 40%. Looking at
the question in another way; An ap-
plications of 1500 pounds per acre of
6-8-4, which would formerly cost ap-
proximately $40 per acre, will not like-
ly exceed a cost of more than $60 an
acre this coming spiting. You as
potato -growers are going to be faced
with the question -.et a few times:
"Will it' pay me to fertilize my potato
crog-in view of present high costs?"
The 'government has not guaranteed
a minimum price for this important
food product, but conditions would
seem to warrant the farmer's expecta-
tion for an increased instead of less
demand during the summer and fall
of 1918. i
Consistent effort is being made to
improve the grading and marketing of
this important crop. Now, the basis
of good grading is high quality ma-,
terial. No one factor is more import-
ant in standardizing the quality `of
Canadian potatoes than the judicious
feeding of the growing crop with
available plantfood. All of the older
and prominent potato -growing sec-
tions of, this continent have de -i
monstrated that no one factor is more,
important in• standardizing the quality
of potatoes on this continent than the
judicious feeding of the growing crop
with available plantfood.
INTERNATIONAL• LESSON
DECEMBER 16.
Lesson 381. Nehemiah Enforces the
Law of the'Sabbath-Neh. 13.
15-22. Golden Text,
Exod. 20. 8. •
Verses 15, 16 give illustrations of
violations pf the Sabbath laws, (1) bye
labor, (2) by carrying on traffic. In
those days -An iudefinate note of
time. After his return Nehemiah
may have made a tour of inspection, in
the course of which he made the dis-
covery. Winepresses -The grapes
were placed in a receptacle and then.
trodden with bare feet; from the press
the juice flowed into a receptacle row-
er down. Sheaves -Better with
margin, "heaps of grain;" these were
collected to take them to the city fax
sale. It would seem that work and
business flourished on tate Sabbath
as on the other days of the week.
Burdens -Better, "produce." To do
these things on the Sabbath was a
violation of oft -repeated exhortations
by prophets and' priests (for example .
Exod. 20. 8-14 D cut. 5. 12-15; Isa. 56.
2; 58. 13;-ger.'17. 21; Ezek. 20, 16; 22.
2). Testified -Better, as translated
above, "I protested against their selling
provisions on that day." Men of Tyre
-People who had dome 'from the
Phoenician city of Tyre. It is not
known when they settled in Jerusalem;
they may have goue there to carry
on traffic in- fish, which could be
caught in abundance along the coast.
As foreigners they may not have had
any scruples on the subject of trading
on the Sabbath,* but in a Jewish coni-:
munity they sould bave been re-
,
strained. The dosing wards of verse
16 should be translated "the Jews!
(children of Judah) in Jerusalem."
Verses 17, 18 narrate Nehemiah's.
protest to the authorities that had al -i
lowed the abuses to spring up. Con-
tended -me "expostulated." Neblesi
-Whose business it was to enforce'
the late. Profane -Secularize it by'
it as an ordinary day. If
they would only study their past his -
treating
tory they would soon discover that it,'
was a similar disregard of the law of
Jehovah that brought such bitter 802-I
brings to the people, This evil -1
Subjection to a foreign power,pover,
ty, attacks' by surrounding. nations, I
etc.. Bring more wrath -Persistence:
in the present practice can mean Only
further manifestations of the divine
wrath.
Verses 10-22 describe the steps tak-
en by Nehemiah to gttard the satictity
of the Sabbath. Began to be dant-
More literally, "at Boon as the gates
began to have shadows on them;' that
is, the order to close the gates was
given at the begineing'of the Sabbath
day, at sunset or as soon as the dark-
ness came, on the clay before the Sale,
bath; and they were to remain shut
until the close of the Sabbath day.
Servants -Personal attendants on
whose fidelity ho could rely: this was
dorso to prevent a porter from bring
itidecoct by bribery to open the gates,
Burden. --dice on verso 15, Without
Testified -See en verse 15. Lay hands
on you -That ie, inflict punishment..
The threat accomplished its purpose,
fpAr the traders withdrew. Levites--
Tentporarily Nehemiah had appointed
hisattendants t guard
some of own atter nt o g r
the gates; the permanent arrangement
committed the task to eeelesiastieal
officials, members of the Levitical
caste, Purify themselves --To make
themselves 'ceremonially clean, (Ezra
0,, 20; Neh, 12, 30). 13y these Pre-
cautions Nehemiah hoped to preserve
the sanctity of the Sabbath day, The
account of the reform closes with e
naive prayer that Jehovah will give
proper recognition to the efforts of
Nehemiah on behalf of the cause of
Jehovab. Spare - Better, "be
gracious.." The manifestations of the
divine Face are to be unlimited like
the divine lovinglcindness.
1did
There is a tendency for poultry
raisers to consider green food more in
the light of an accessory to the re-
gular bill of fare than as a staple and
necessity. This is a mistake. Suc-
culent feeds, which is another term
for green stuffs, are just as important
as animal feeds or grains, without
which no experienced poultryman
would think of trying to produce eggs,
especially in cold weather.
Frequently poultry keepers go to
great pains to provide their flocks
with beef scrap, fish meal, green -cut
bone and other sources of animal pro-
tein, Which are essential to a well-
balanced ration, to be sure, and then
pay little or no attention to the green
supply, sometimes ignoring it entirely.
The result of this management, or
rather mismanagement, is really a
loss, because fowls are not capable of
getting the full benefit from animal
protein,' which is the meet expensive
food element, without the aid of the
mineral salts contained in the suc-
culent
usculent feeds. A flock may appear to
thrive without green food, but what-
ever productiveness the hens show it
is not normal, nor permanent, nor
healthful.
Succulent feeds correspond to
"roughage," the bulky feeds, such as
hay, alfalfa and corn fodder, which are
so essential in the dairy, horse stable
and,, in fact, in raising all forms, of
livestock. Besides - furnishing valu-
able nutrients, for most green -stuffs
contain protein and carbohydrates in
fair quantities, the succulent feeds
serve to counteract the evil effects of
the highly concentrated fo-ods and aid
in their assimilation.
The eggs from flocks maintained
HIGHEST PRICES PAID
For POULTRY, GAME,
EGGS & FEATHERS
Please write for particulars,
P. PO77tIN (k CO.,
39 Donseooure 7laarket, Montreal
i
1 Mothers and daughters of all ages ,aro cordiatty "Invited to Write to utile
i department. Initials only will he published with each question and Ita answer
I ss a means of identification, but full name and address must bo given In each
leiter, Write on one aide of paper only, Answers will be mailed direct et
stamped and addressed envelope le enclosed.
Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs, Helen Law. 233
Wcodulne Ave„ Toronto.
0 Ur
Grneluiod.6y JY,s-)'1P+.eiia ..Cctur
Miss Flo.: -Borated vaseline is ,
probably the best remedy for chapped
hands. One should be careful to dry
the hands thoroughly after washing.
Apply the vaseline at night. Another
good remedy is glycerine with a few
drops of lemon juice. Rubbing a
piece of cut lemon on the hands will
remove stains and whiten them beauti-
fully.
Maid Marion: -To stiffen a crochet
basket, dissolve one part of gelatine
in six parts hot water. Dip the bas-
ket, shape and dry in the air -not in
the oven. This gives a pure white
piece a very slight creamy tint; on an,,,
ecru piece it has no apparent effect.
The happy recipient of your basket
will appreciate it, I am sure, Maid
Marion.
Rosalind: -A popular little play for
children's acting is "Ye Village Skewl
of Long Ago," in one act, taking an
hour's time, for seven boys and ten
girls. A••two act play, for one boy
and nine girls is .entitled "The Con-
valescence of Robbie."
Country Woman; -Sharing indigna-
tion with your city sisters overthe
price of potatoes, aren't you? Well,
the price of potatoes has not been fix-
ed because it is impossible to fix them
for this year. The average crop of
potatoes in Canada is a hundred
bushels to the acre. The seed alone
costs the Ontario farmers $42 an acre
without taking into account the cost of
without green stuffs, or an insufficient
supply, are very likely to be weak and
watery. Weak eggs mean poor
hatches, naturally, and chicks with
weakened constitutions, than which
nothing is more difficult to combat in
the brooder. We cannot expect strong
pullets front weakened chicks, con-
sequently in the matter of a. couple
of generations the cohstitutioual
vigor of the entire flock is impaired.
Above everything else, green food
stands for stamina, It means health
and vitality. Green food virtually
guarantees high fertility in the breed-
ing seasons. It means strong eggs,
and plenty of them; eggs that will
hatch well and produce strong, active
chicks. Green food, exercise and
plenty of fresh air, which means sun-
shine, too, are the greatest boons to
poultrymen. Given these three ele-
ments the poultry keeper will have
very little use for the medicine bottle.
Was It Injustice?
J
t,
Marian's color was high and her
eyes ;were dark with cxcitethent,
Clearly something had happened.
"What's up, els 7" Roger asked,
looking at her eurioualy.
"Up? Injustice, prejudice, favorit-
ism and everything else that's unfair
and dishonest is up. I've been in that
office three years, and Letitia Banks
has been there less than two. I no
labor and other expenses, As Mr, more doubted I'd get Miss Roberts'
Hanna hes sail: "You cannot fix place than I doubted I'd come home to
prices at the figures of ordinary good dinner -and Hien if Letitia Banlcs
crop years; you cannot eut the prices didn't walls oil yyrrith it without aword!
in spite of the cold facts." Oh, I'd like mho to put my foot in
Mrs. Ontario: -You ars a wise wo- that office again. What's the use of
man to follow the Domestic Science doing good work when this is what
lessons so closely. They are prole- You get for it -a little, pines-elleeked
ably one of the best series on the sub- baby eealldng off with a promotion
ject that has appeared in any news- under your vet•
e: noel It's the in.
paper, Your plan of preserving them justice of it that makes Inc blaze!"
in a scrap book will he appreciated There was a moment of uneomfort-
later on by the wee daugliters. You able silence. Mother was all sympa-
ash why the Food Controller doesn't thy, Virginia was all indignation; only
prohibit the distillation of grain for Roger looked at his sister gravely.
alcoholic liquors in Canada. You have "But there mast have been some
evidently overlooked the order -in- reason -business men don't usually
council of August 9, under which the Promote against their own interests."
use of wheat for distillation or mann- "They promote the one that flat -
facture of alcohol was prohibited, ex- tern them--that'e what they dol"
sept that the Food Controller may Marian retorted bitterly. "That's
license the use of wheat in the distilia- what Letitia Banks has done from the
tion of alcohol for manufacturing or first. You'd think to hear her gush
munitions purposes. The new order over it that there wasn't a firm in
saves for food purposes considerable the universe like Pembroke & Easton!
quantities of barley, corn and rye, Well, if they're her ideal, she's wel-
L. S.: -Yes, you are at perfect lib- come to them, I'm going to look for
erty to send cake and candy to the sol- another place, that's all."
diers, These delectables are not in There was no use in saying any -
eluded in the list of articles for which thing when Marian felt like that. The
you must have a license before you family went in to dinner, but in spite
can send 'them out of the country. of Roger's efforts it was not a cheers
Sugar, including maple sugar, may be fol meal. Even mother --though she
exported by parcel post, the limit 02 would not have confessed it even to
weight to the United Kingdom being herself -drew a breath of relief when
eleven pounds, and for furtherance to Marian started for her boys' club.
France seven pounds. That at least roused Marian's en-
thusiasm.
A. block below the club a small fig-
ure was lying in wait for her; under
the street light he lifted a glowing,
freckled face.
"Hello, Miss Mariann Say, did you
l know I'm in business?"
Marian's tense face relaxed. She
never could resist her boys.
"Why, no, Billy," she replied. "What
are you doing?"
"Office boy ---Parker & Cone's. Say,
we're some firm all right! Did you
know we got a five -thousand -dollar
contract yesterday? And sent out
seven new bids, and I bet we'll pull
down some of 'em, too! Mr. Parker,
he's a hustler, and Mr. Cone -say,
Miss Marian, you'd jest orter hear
him! I bet there ain't anything about
buildings he don't know, I Iearned
the different sizes of fireproofing tile
to -day. Ted Baiidy taught me. He
was office boy but got promoted. He
says I'll get my chance all right be-
cause I'm interested. He says they
care more for that than most any-
thing. You bet your life I'm inter-
ested': Say, what's the matter, Miss
Marian?"
Marian had stopped short and was
looking clown at him es if she were
seeing something for the first time in
her life. Perhaps she was.
HIGHEST PRICES PAILS
For RAW FURS
and GINSENG
IV. SILVER
220 at. Paul at. W. Montreal, P.Q. .
Reference. Union Bk, of Canada
OUR ADVICE
Ship to us at once and Reap
Benefits of High Prices
now prevailing,
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Children and Table Manners.
Sitting beside us the other day in a
restaurant was a small child, who had
the very worst table manners and bad
temper we have witnessed in any child.
The way this child was being brought
up or not brought np was disturbing.
He handled everything on the table,
helped himself to sugar and audibly
crowded the lumps into his mouth
despite his mother's protest. He then
persisted in arguing about tit, the
sugar making his remarks rather in-
distinct. He asked for the food on
our plate, and stopped the waitresses
to ask what their trays held. Al-
though he had been allowed to order
what he wished, he demanded a full
share of his mother's luncheon. Now,
being somewhat of a philosopher, we
made the best of a bad situation.
Mother assured us that"Harold never
did thie at home, etc," Well, if Harold
did not do such things at home he
would not do them in public. "Darling"
was urged to eat what was on his
plate, but mother finally fed darling
the whipped cream off her iced coffee,
and fed darling a few sips of coffee as
well, She also gave him tomato salad
from her own plate, and finally, 0
tempora, 0 mores, slipped a piece of
apple pie into the child's cup and let
him eat it with a spoon!
Now, it is not necessary for a child
to have poor table manner because his
age is written in one digit. The fault
crests with the one who looks after the
wants of the child at meal times, Pos-
sibly that person thinks the getting
I of foot? into the child's .stomach via
his hands and mouth is the end to be
gained. Would that she knew the.
method is quite as important an end
es the ultimate satisfying of the ap-
petite,
We also decided that the t'u1e of
our own childhood about "children be-
ing seen and not heard" has still much
in its favor.
The principal factor in the eradica-
tioli of poultry diseases is the adop-
tion of proper sanitary measures at
the outset. Infectious disorders will
recur no !natter 'slow wisely treated,
unless such treatment is supplemented
by the libera. 08e' of efficient disin-
fectants, Difinfeetitn is the one
basic principle upon which rests free-
dom from disease and prevention meet
occupy the foremost plate 12 headway
is to be gained,