HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1917-8-16, Page 7,::
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Conducted byProfessor Henry G. Bell,
Faa
The object of this departmentla to place at the •
service of our farm, readers the advice of an aeknowl•
edged authority on all subjects pertaining to soils and
trope.
Address.: all questions to :Professor Henry G, Bell, in
care of Tho Wilson Publishing Company, Limited', To-
ronto, and answers will appear in this column in the
order In which they are received, As space is limited
It Is advisable where immediate reply Is necessary that
' a ['tamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the
Henry G. Bell. question, when the answer will be mailed direct
tam
Question—H,S.S::—Can 'I sow scid
phosphate with a force feed grain
drill? It has no- fertilizer attachment
but I thought possibly it might work.
Answer:—You can sow acid phos-
phate with a force feed seed drill if the
acid phosphate is dry and finely
ground. Such a method of applica-
tion would not allow you to sow but a
very light application. Be very care-
ful to thoroughly clean out and oil the
drill after use for acid phosphate sow-
ing, otherwise, the metal ,part will
rust. If you have a lime spreader I
would advise your spreading the acid
phosphate with this implement and
then thoroughly work it into .the soil
by disking and harrowing. This will
give a better application than apply-
ing acid phosphate through the seed-
ing attachment of the seed drill.
Question--J.B.S.:—I have eighteen
acres of oats. I intend to sow wheat
after oats. The field is somewhat run.
I have plenty of marl near the river.
Would it pay me to top -dress the
wheat with marl? If so, how much
to the acre? Would it be all right to
spread with a shovel? Soil isn't
heavy nor light.
Answer:—Would advise you, after
the land is plowed, to top -dress it with
marl at the rate of about two tons to
the acre, If you have a lime spread-
er and the marl is dry, after it has
been pulverized it can be spread with
the lime spreader to best advantage,
You can spread it fairly well with a
shovel but yt,u will not get it suffici-
ently evenly distributed. After the
lime has been spread work it, into the
ground by thoroughly disking at least
a week before the wheat is planted.
At the time of sowing wheat I
would advise adding 200 to 300 pounds
of fertilizer to the acre in order to
give the young crop a vigorous start.
The fertilizer should contain from 2 to
3 per cent. ammonia, 8 to 12 per cent.
phosphoric acid and from 1 to 2 per
cent. potash would be valuable 'if it
can be obtained. This fertilizer can
be applied at the time the wheat is
sown or spread in the same way as is
advised for lime and worked into the
soil thoroughly just before the wheat
is sown. If the grain is seeded to.a
mixture of clover and grass seed the
addition of the marl will make the soil
sweet in reaction and the fertilizer
will have a very beneficial effect in
insuring a good stand of grass.
•
Market Calendar.
In August all surplus Leghorn
cockerels and cockerels of other light
weight breeds should be marketed as
broilers. They are of little value as
roasters.
Green ducks are young ducks from
8 to 12 weeks old. They should be
sold before they moult.
Ducks on the Farm.
The keeping of ducks calls for little
outlay in the matter of building
houses. Any kind of a house, so it
has a good roof, and dry floor, will do.
A. plain shed with dirt floor, and hav-
ing the south side entirely open makes
an excellent duck -house.
The floor of the duck -house must be
kept dry and should be well littered
with clean, dry straw. Strange as it
may seem, while ducks will thrive if
they have access to a stream of water
or pond, they must have dry quarters
at night. Ducks compelled to spend
their nights on damp floors or on
damp litter, will surely contract rheu-
matism.
Ducks are conveniently kept in
flocks of about thirty. A house fifteen
by ten feet is large enough for this
number. When kept in flocks of
thirty or more one male should be al-
loted to each seven or eight females.
It is never advisable to keep 'ducks
and chickens in the same house or run,
for the reason that the ducks will keep
the drinking water in such a constant
state of filth that the health and life
of the chickens are endangered.
Ducks require a much more
bulky ration than hens. A good
ration is as f'ol'lows : Two parts
bran, one part each of middlings
and corn meal, one-half part of beef
scrap and five parts of green food.
This green food may be most anything
—chopped turnips, beets, pumpkins,
cut clover, etc. As the breeding sea-
son approaches it would be advisable
to increase the beef scrap to one full
part. Little . whole grain should be
fed. If on range during the spring
and summer months ducks require lit-
tle feeding.
Any of the larger breeds of ducks
will yield quite a great deal in the
way of feathers in a year's time.
Feathers should not be plucked dur-
ing the cold weather. When ready
for picking, the feathers will pull
easily, without leaving blood on the
end of the quill. If not picked when
"ripe" the feathers will fall out and be
wasted.
Earning Money at Home.
Very often a girl ''who has been
wishing fgr some way in whit to
earn a little money suddenly finds a
good idea close et hand in homely dis-
guise. Not long ago one girl notic-
ed, in wandering about the home farm,
that a large amount of the fruit on the
trees was dead ripe and about to go
to waste, She went to her father
with a question:
"May T have one box of berries out
of every four that I pick, and one
basket of plums, one of peaches and
one of apples on the same .basis?"
He was skeptical but a little re-
lieved, for the prospective loss of the
small fruit was worrying him. "Go
ahead and see what you can do," was
his reply.
What the girl did was to get down
.to business at once. She gathered
and sorted diligently, with a well-de-
fined scheme in view for every pound
of her own share. The fruit that fell
to her lot she put up in the form of
jelly, apple butter, and, peach and
plum mtirmala.de, which found a ready
market. The project is still flourish-
ing. She buys her jars and glasses
at wholesale prices, and makes a point
of getting such as are of odd, attrac-
tive shapes. On each one she pastes
a label bearing her name and guaran-
tee. She has never yet had anything
returned as inferior or spoiled—a fact
that, taken in connection with her suc-
cess, is quite significant.
By picking the fruit at just the
right time and handling it carefully,
she has greatly increased her father's
sales, while her own income from the
business is forty dollars a month,
earned, for the most part, out in the
sunshine and open-air.
An Illinois inventor has patented a
harrow attachment for gang plows to
enable a farmer to do his plowing and
harrowing at the same time. '
)Wn.,ePai
Steers which have been kept on a
loW plane of nutrition (maintenance)
for a considerable time make more
economical gains when put upon a
full -feed ration than steers which have
been upon full feed for some time,
Flowerdr, steers receiving more than
a maintenance but less than a full -feed
ration make no more economical gains
when put upon full feed than steers.
which have already been on full fend,
Whenever beef advances in price
a demand goes out for action .that
will stop the slaughter of young ani
mals. Since the reason alwaysgiven
for high-priced meats is the decreas-
ing number of beef animals, it would
seem the wise thing to bring mole
beeves to maturity. And so legisla-
tures and congress debate the advis-
ability of prohibiting, the killing of
calves under a given age,
Would such action bt'ing the desired.
z'esults? Would the passing of veal
from our tables make meat any
cheaper? Would an order to the
farmer to mature his calves safari, -
late him to raise beef or would it re-
sult in his selling oft' his dairy or
feeding feiver,animats than ever?
In all probability the latter is ex-
nctly 'What would happen. The intlk.
business and raising
calves are ing
compatible. The milk that calves use
is also needed by milk consumers,
many of whom are babir:
the calves must go. There is an-
other reason why the farmer knows
better what to do with his young
animals than the public, or even the
legislator.
;It takes pasture and feed to ma-
tura beef. Every successful dairy-
man is using all his land to Weed his
cowls. Ii" he were compelled '% feed
enlace he could keep fewercows and
beef would be grown at the cost of
a scarcity in milk.
More calves should 'be grown to
maturity, There is no doubt of that.
But legislation prohibiting the Jailing
of young animals isnot the way to
increase the supply, of beef animals,
During the summer while cows axe
in pasture' or on green crops a bal-
anced ration can be ntaintuined by
combining with the green food the
following concentrated feed mixture
recommended for summer :feeding,
Three hundred pounds wheat brat, two.
hunched pounds gluten feed, one hub-
deed pounds homily, corn -meal or
ground oats. Mixed wheat food may
be used :fn plaeo of wheat bran: More
gluten might well be added to the cont.
bination when cows are carefully
Watched,
KEEP THE POTATOES GROWING
NOUS on the Cultivation of This Valuable 'Crop anti flow to
Protect It From 1t Eneasies.
Many are growing potatoes in
Canada this year, for the first time
and, as a result of the greatly increas-
ed number of growers the crop will
probably be greatly increased. Bub
to insure a good crop there mast be an
abundance of moisture in the sol and
the tops must be protected from in-
sects and disease.
CULTIVATION:—The soil should
be kept cultivated with the cultivator
or hoe until the tops meet sufficiently
to shade the ground, As most of the
tubers develop in the three or four
inches of soil nearest the surface, and
as the tubers will not develop well in
dry soil; quite shallow cultivation is
desirable at this season of the year.
In soil which is dry there may be good
development of tops but there will be
few tubers. The roots in such cases
have gone down. -deep into the soil to
obtain moisture but the tuber -bearing.
stems, which are quite different from
the root system, do not develop well
Where the soil is a loose, sandy loam,
hitting is not necessary and may be
injurious, as the soil dries out more
than if .left on the level. In heavy
soils it is desirable to hill the pota-
toes as it will loosen the soil and the
tubers will be shapelier than when the
ground is left level. When there is
sufficient rainfall and moisture in the
soil hilling is likely to give best re-
sults in all kinds of soil as the soil
will be looser and the tubers can push
through" it readily. As a great de-
velopment of tubers takes place dur-
ing the cooler and usually moister
weather of the latter part of summer,
it is very important to keep the plants
growing well until then. In one ex-
periment it was shown that during the
month of September there was an in-
crease of 119 bushels of potatoes per
acre.
PROTECTION O' POTATO TOPS
FROM INSECTS:—It is very import-
ant to prevent 'the tops of pytatoes
from being eaten by insects, particu-
larly by the Colorado Potato Beetle.
The old "bugs" do not do much harm
to the foliage, as a rule, and usually
the plants are not sprayed to destroy
these, although the fewer there are to
lay eggs the less difficulty there will
be inadestroying the young ones.
These begin to eat rapidly soon after
hatching, and close watch should be
kept so that the vines may lie spray-
ed before much harm is done. Paris
green kills more rapidly than arsenate
of lead but does not adhere so well,
and in rainy weather it is desirable to
have something that wilL stay on the
leaves so that they will. be protected
until it stops raining and thus prevent
the tops being eaten. At the Central
Experimental Farm a mixture of Paris
green and arsenate of lead is used in
the proportion of 8 ounces Paris
green, 1% pounds paste arsenate of
lead (or 12 ounces dry arsenate of
lead) to 40 gallons of water in order
to get the advantage of both poisons.
It may be that it is not convenient to
get both poisons when either 12 ounces
of Paris green or.. 3 pounds paste
arsenate of lead"(or 1% pounds dry
arscna+- of lead) to 40 gallons water
could be used, or in smaller quantities,
say 1 ounce Paris green to 3 gallons
or, 8% cameos paste arsenate of lead
or half that quantity of dry to 3 gal-
lons of water. An experiment con-
ducted for six years at the Ontario
Agricultural College, Guelph, showed
that, on the average, where the tops
were sprayed to kill "bugs", the yield
was 186.9 bushels , per acte, while
when the tops were not sprayed and
allowed to be eaten, the yield was
only 98,2 bushels per acre. It is
desirable not to stop with one spWy-,
ing which usually does not kill all the
bugs but to spray several times, if
necessary, so that as little foliage as
possible is eaten.
PROTECTION OF THE POTATO
PLANTS FROM LATE BLIGHT
AND ROT:—In some years the crop
of potatoes is much lessened by the
Late Blight disease and when rot fol-
lows little of the crop may be left.
It is, therefore, very desirable to pre-
vent this disease from spreading.
This is done by keeping the plants
covered with Bordeaux mixture from
about the first week of July, or before;
there is any sign of the disease, until
September. Sometimes the first ap-
plication of Bordeaux' mixture is made
before the potato beetles are all killed
when the poison for them may be mix-
ed with the Bordeaux. While the dis-
ease is not very bad every year it is
well to be prepared. There was an
average increase per 'year of 94
bushels of potatoes from' spraying
with Bordeaux mixture in three years.
The formula for Bordeaux mixture
for potatoes is 6 pounds copper sul-
phate or bluestone, 4 pounds freshly
slaked lime to 40 gallons of water.
While the bluestone will dissolve more
quickly in hot water; if it isnot con-
venient to get this, it may be sus-
pended over night in a cotton bag in a
wooden or earthen vessel containing
four or five or more gallons of water.
The lime should be slacked in another
vessel and before mixing with the cop-
per sulphate solution should be strain-
ed through coarse "sacking or a fine
'sieve. The copper sulphate solution
, is now put into a barrel, if it has not
'already been dissolved in one, and en-
ough water added to half fill the bar -
,rel; the slaked lime should be diluted
in another barrel with enough water
to make half a barrel of the lime mix-
ture. Now pour the diluted lime
mixture into the diluted copper sul-
phate solution and stir thoroughly,
when it is ready for. use. The con-
centrated lime mixture should not be
mixed with the concentrated copper
sulphate solution, as, if this is done, I
an inferior mixture will result. If 1
the barrels are kept covered so that
there is no evaporation, stock solu-1
tions of the concentrated materials!
'may be kept in separate barrels
throughout the season. It. is import-{
ant to have the' quantities of lime and.
copper sulphate as recommended, but,'
in order to be stu•e that enough lime
has been used and there is no danger
of burning the foliage, let a drop of
ferrocyanide of potassium solution
(which can be .obtained from a drug. -
gist) fall into the mixture when ready.
If the latter turns reddish -brown, [midi
more lime mixture until no change of
color takes place.
U
y .6
c3 6�oThq'4,Y PIM X Asx .i2za'
Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially invited to write to this
department initials only will be published with each question and its
answer as a means of identification, but full name and address must bo
given in each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers, will be
Mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed.
Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 233
Woodbine Ave., Toronto, '
E, L,t-1, A wrist -match with an il-
luminated face, a pocket flashlight, a
pocket drinking cup or a solidified
alcohol burner are useful gifts for a
man who bas left for a military train-
ing camp, 2. To disinfect a room
thoroughly proceed as follows: If pos-
sible, mattresses and comforts should
be burned. Wet everything else well
with a bichloride solution, boil and sun
the blankets. Serape the walle and
ceiling, wash with bichloride; also the
floor and woodwork, then scour with
carbolic soapsuds. Fill cracks with
fresh putty, shut the doors and win-
dows tight and paste strips of paper
around than, Closet doors should be
taken off the hinges, but left inside.
Place three bricks in the middle of the
floor, put an iron pan on them, into
which a pound of flowers of sulphur
has been placed, wet the sulphur with
alcohol, stick in a short length of fuse,
light it, then go out quickly, being
careful to see that the door is also
made tight. Leave undisturbed for
twenty-four hours. The fumes will
bleach any colors in the room. Dishes
may be disinfected by boiling for 5
minutes.
13.R.:-1, Bureau drawers which
stick can be made to slide easily by
first rubbing oder the edges with
sandpaper, then soaping them. 2.
A garment that has had an overdose
of bluing may be whitened by boiling.
3. Brown sugar can be substituted for
white in pickling. 4. Try benzine to
remove the tar stains from your silk
Idress. 5. To make oatmeal gems,
soak one cup oatmeal over night in
one cup water. In the morning sift
together one cup flour and two tea-
spoonfuls baking powder; add a lit-
' tie salt. Mix meal and flour togeth-
ter,ter, wet with sweet milk to a stiff bat-
drop in gem pans and bake ins -
'
m' mediately. 6. It is said that before
, eating is a good time to sleep, but not
i immediately after a meal. 7. Yes,
raw tomatoes are good for almost
(everybody who does not have ulcer
of the stomach so that the use of the
{ tomatoes gives him pain ' If they do
not cause pain onevneed not be afraid
to eat them. 8. The diet of a child of
two years should consist of fruits,
grains, a moderate allowance of pure
cream andcow's milk and vegetable
purees. Purees of spinach and other
"greens" are particularly good.
Eva: -1, It is said that freckles can
be bleached out by applying the follow-
ing mixture to the' face, being care-
ful to .keep it away from the eyes
Two ounces of buttermilk or sour milk, I
two drams grated horseradish, six'
drams cornmeal. Spread the mixture
between thin muslin and allow it to lie
on the face at night. 2. The follow-,
ing method of cleaning black satin is
given by some authorities: Boil three
pounds of potatoes to a pulp in one
quart of water; strain through a sieve
and brush the satin with it on a board ,
or table. The material must not be
INTERNA'T'IONAL LESSON
AUGUST 19.
Lesson VIII: Finding The Book of
The Law -2 Chron. 34. 14-33,
Golden Text—Psa. 119. 16.
Verses 14-18. Finding of the law in
the course of the repairs described in
the preceding verses. Book of the law
—Deuteronomy, though in somewhat
briefer form than we now have it.
Most scholars believe that it contain-
ed what is now Bout. 5 to 26. or 12 to
26, plus chapter 28, (For a fuller
discussion, see F, C. Eiselen, The
Books of the Pentateuch, Chapter
19. Rent his clothes—A symbol of
grief or horror. Verse 21 shows
that the book contained threats of
terrible punishment for disobedience,
the king. Such threats are found in
Deut. 28.
20-28. Full of fear and terror, the
king makes inquiry of Jehovah
through the prophetess Huldah. She
reports that the book contains the law
of Jehovah, and that tite people must
suffer the consequences of their sins.
She promises, however, that the
calamities will not fall during the
lifetime of Josiah.
29-32. The assembly and the cov-
enant. On receipt of the reply of
the prophetess the king called a re-
ligious assembly. Elders—The lead-
ing men, heads of families and clans.
Levites—According to the Chronicler,
no important function could be held
without Levites. Covenant—The
basis was the newly found book,
hence it is called the book of the cove-
nant. The agreement included the
promise to observe the law. Before
Jehovah—Everything was done as in
the sight of Jehovah. Stand to it—
Be willing to observe the law.
33. Abominations—The things de-
scribed in verses 3-7. Israel--Josilth
extended the reforms to the territory
which had fo m y belonged
i! erlIsrael
t o
His days—The Chronicler knew that
after Josiah's death, under Jeltoiakim,
which made a profound impression on I the old abuses returned.
Cheaper Poultry Feed.
On account of the scarcity and high
price en feed the poultry industry of
this country is threatened by the
prospect of the wholesale slaughter
of laying stock and a serious .falling
off in the number of pullets to be ma -
The necessity for retaining for mill-
ing' every possible' bushel of wheat
suitable for that purpose need not be
emphasized. : To provide poultrymen
'with feed >gor roaring their young
stock without unnecessarily lowering
the supplies of milling wheat, the
federal Department of Agriculture has
requested millers throughout Canada
to put on the market the cracked anti
shrunken wheat removed from grain
before it is. milled,
In addition to small and brolcon
wheat these cleanings -consist chiefly
of the.siteds of wild buckwheat, a neat
relative of the cultivated buciyy'tvheat.
The Poultry Division of the Cemi•al
Expet'imental Farm has used wild
buckwheat in feeding experiments and
reports it to be a highly satisfactory
poultry feed and ltas ordered two ears
of buckwheat screenings for the Con=
tral and Branch Experimental Farms
from the Canadian Government eleva- The fox, finding that he could not
tors at Fort William. Fowls used to get the cheese by threats, bethought
good grain do not take to it at first himself of using the craft for which
but when they become accustomed to the fox family is famous, He re -
it they eat it readily and do well on membered how a fox once got a piece
it. of .'cheese front a crow by telling the
Tile mill cleanings from local flour crow what a sweet voice she had and
mills also contain traces of . many' then begging her to sing. That crow
other weed seeds, including several was bolding the cheese in her bill, and
kinds of mustards. These, however, when she opened her bili to sing she
would not. as a rule amount to more, dropped the cheese to the ground,
than two or three per cent, of the whereupon the fox seized it and ran
cleanings in the case of the standard away. Since that time all crows
grades of Western wheat... This ma_ I have carried their food in their claws
terial is specially recommended for and not its their bills: Therefore, the
bockya'd, suburban and professional fox knew well that it would do no
poultrymen. On farms the cleanings good to beg the crow to sing. How,
from yarda and poultry houses where then, could he get that cheese? Ile
it has been fed would have to bo dis- thought hard and looked hungrily up
posed of sous not to dissetninato noxi- into the tree.
nus weeds In grain fields: "Dear Mr. Crow," said the :fox et
Thole interested in obtaining this last, "I was only joking when I spoke
class ofj feed should immediately ar-1-hefore, for I am your best friend. Only
range with loeal mills or feed dealers yesterday I wet telling both the wood -
for a supply, Tho mills cannot be' pecker and the blue jay how touch
expected to 'keep this material for pool -i more beautiful your plumage is than
try unless it is demanded for that theirs."
purpose and that rests with the pool- The crow answered not a wend, but
tame)) thetnsolvosr looked down at his glossy blacksi
des
ff Efficiency In Life it
Efficiency is the word of the hour.
Thorn are efficiency schools and books
snd courses; efficiency lectures and
teachers and doctors. Vlore is now
abroad a young army of efficiency en-
gineers who will sot your desk near
, your, base of supplies and arrange
your tools to conserve your mottoes;
who will teach your office -boy how to
fold circulars in one move instead of
three; who will buy your materials
with economy and dispatch; who will
order your books and save your post-
age stamps, and do other laudable
things.
But efficiency in life is a different
matter. None of us would be willing
to live our days according to a set
programme ---so many minutes for
conversation, so many outdoors, so
many for those hone tasks that are
sometimes duty and sometimes clear
joy. How, than, can a life be efficient
yet escape being mechanical ? Does
not such un}nethodical living make for
waste and inefficiency ?
Not if you observe certain great
principles.
la the first place, every life should
have a purpose toward which it is liv-
ing—something that it is striving to
become in itself—something that it
definitely aims to contribute to the
world life. Right here at the begin-
ning we discover the lacit in many
lives, They drift on year to year, with
no clear goal ahead. Business plans..
definitely for twenty-five, fifty, one
hundred years; no business ever suc-
ceeded without building for the future,
How many of us plan that way to be
strong and joyous and capable men
and women ?
In the second place the efficient life
will take account of stock once in a
while and discard the things that are
valueless for its purpose, Most of us
waste uncounted hours with persons
wbo mean nothing to us. They mere-
ly happen to be in our vicinity. And
meanwhile there are other persons
wbo need us and whom we need, and
we regret that we have no time for
then, The same thing Is true of
books, of pleasures, of many other
things. Look over your life, and see.
And, finally, a life cannot be really
and greatly efficient unless it is in
contact with the Source of Power, If
a telegraph or telephone wire is
grounded the message cannot reach
us. Too often our spiritual "%tires"
are grounded—covered by a drift of
little, unimportant things, not harm-
ful in thetnseh•es, but fatal in the end
because they have kept us from God.
To keep the current clear between
God and the soul—this is the funda-
mental necessity of the efficient life.
Poor Mastication in Children.
wrung, but folded down in cloths for
three hours, then pressed on the wrong
side.
Reader: -1, Bavaria is the largest
state in the German Empire after,
Prussia. 2. "Sinn Fein" is Gaelic
for "For Ourselves", 3. Inflamed eye-
lids should be bathed several times a
day with a solution of half a teaspoon-
ful of boracic acid in a cup of hot wa-
ter. 4. To test nutmegs, prick them
with a needle; if they are good, the
oil will spread around the puncture.
6. "Neither he nor I were there"
should be "neither he nor 1 was there."
6. The 400th anniversary of the Re-
formation will be celebrated October
31.
Cook:—Perhaps the following notes
may be of assistance: Salads and
vegetables neutralize usual tendency
of the body toward acidity, facilitate
the elimination of waste products and
poisons, and thus incidentally post-
pone the coming of old age. Salads
cool and purify blood and freshen
complexion, give jaws and teeth ex-
ercise necessary to development with-
out which latter decay, facilitate
digestion by encouraging mastication,
promote oral hygiene by leaving
mouth and teeth physiologically clean
at end of meal, counteract tendency to
anaemia, scurvy, gout, rheumatism,
are rich in lime, so necessary to bone -
building; also valuable laxative. Green
vegetables are particularly valuable
in cases of anaemia and of other dis-
eases which are ascribed to diet de
ficiencies.
Vegetables are deteriorated by the
loss of their salts in boiling water.
Not only do potatoes lose much when
peeled, but carrots, as usually cooked,
lose nearly 30 per cent. of their total
food material when cut into small'
pieces. Cabbage thus treated loses
about one-third of its total food ma-
terials, especially its ash or mineral
matter. On the average 30 per cent.
of the total salts is extracted when
vegetables are boiled in water for
thirty minutes. When, on the con-
trary, they are steamed they lose only
10 per cent. Hence vegetables
should be either steamed or stewed in
a casserole or covered earthenware
vessel, so popular in France. If boil-
ed the water should be saved for soup
or sauces.
Beetroots, carrots and parsnips con-
tain a large amount of sugar, and
when served at a ureal there is less
of a desire for excessively sweet des-;
sects. Cabbage, as usually cooked, is
not digested for some five hours, but
eaten uncooked in salad it takes less
than three.
Salads, like vegetables and fruits,
have little body-building and tissue re-'
pairing material, hence require to be
supplemented by foods rich in these'
and in fat, such as eggs, meat, cheese
(grated by choice or the cottage varie-1
ty) and nuts,
Akonpff
c5O,rks,
The Vain Crow.
One day a fox that was very hungry
was passing through a field. Ile saw
a crow on the limb of a tree busily
eating a piece of cheese, and at once
trotted to the tree and sat down be-
neath it.
"Mr. Crow," said the fax itt harsh
and unfriendly tones, "you must share
your cheese with me."
The crow looked down at the fox,
but answered not a word as he took
a peck at the piece of cheese.
"Mr. Crow," said the fox, in a voice
that was still more harsh and un-
friendly, "if you do not give me part
of your cheese, I shall climb the tree
and take it all away from you,"
"
The crow looked down at the fox,
but answered not a word. He knew
very well that the fox could not climb
the tree, and so be took another peck
at the piece of cheese.
with great pride. Then he held his
head's, little higher and forgot to take
a peck at the piece of cheese.
"And to -day I was telling both the
kingfisher and the hawk how mufh
sharper and more graceful your claws'
are than theirs," went on the fox in'
very pleasant tones.
The crow answered not a word, but
lifted first one claw and then the other
from the limb of the tree and looked
at each with great pride. But when
he lifted the claw that did not have
the cheese and tried to cling to the
limb with the claw that did have the
cheese, he dropped the cheese to the
ground. Whereupon the fox laughed
loudly, seized the cheese and ran away
to the woods, where he ate every alor-'
sel of it,
And the crow cried "Caw! Cnwl" in
very angry totes, and flew off to
find a dinner to replace the one that
he had so foolishly lost.
The moral is that, if a vain person)
is on guard at one point of attack,
there are always other points of at-'
tack that are not guarded, and a cref-'
ty flatterer will have little trouble in
finding a way to reach them.
Electric Plants Icor The Farm.
One of the recognized necessities in
connection with our increased agricul-
tural production is better and more
attractive conditions on the farm, and
among the many suggestions the use
of electricity should be considered.
Electric power is a great convenience
in the farm home, and saves much
Mete to the farm help. The farm or
country home situated within the area
of an electric system of transmission
or distribution fs fortunate, but the
vast majority must look to tho small
isolated plant. This alternative, how-
ever, is now much morepromising
than a few yenta ago, Many factor-'
fes manufacture this type of equip -I
tient, the operation of the plants has
been simplified and cost has been
much reduced. These small' plants
may be advantageously used for many
domestic purposes in addition to light-'
ing, such as 'rotting, washing, toast -
Mg, pumping water, etc.; and also for
the very important use of charging
storage batteries.
The train of ills that follows the in-
sufficient chewing of food is great and
may start early in life. Many chil-
dren—in fact, most children, --unless
watched and corrected, will "bolt"
their food. When they are healthy
they are also hungry, and it is natural
that they should regard the mouth as
a simple and rapid channel to the
stomach. To teach them how to eat
is often exceedingly tiresome, but it
must be done, even at the cost of nag-
ging.
Insufficient mastication is especial-
ly harmful to the young, because the
full growth of all the passages of the
nose and throat actually depends on
Proper exercise of the muscles of this
region in the early years. The use of
the jaws in mastication is one of the
bust ways for a child to get this exer-
cise; and if he misses it, by reason of
improper habits of eating, the con-
sequences may be very disagreeable.
Children who are not taught to use
their teeth are likely to have inade-
quate nasal passages and a sluggish,
local circulation, which, in time lead to
constant attacks of influenza and pre..
sently to the growth of adenoids. The
child whose nasal and throat -passages
are well developed and constantly fed
with a stream of pure blood does not
continually come down with "colds in
the head," and is not likely to suffer
from adenoid growths.
You sometimes see children whose
parents are bringing them up in the
most approved way hygienically. They
sleep in large, well -ventilated
n
urser-
tes• they spendhours each day in the
open air, and all the resources of
science are at their service; yet they
are not healthy. They are anaemic,
nervous, pale little mouth -breathers.
It is well in such cases to examine the
habits of eating. Sometimes a. physi-
cian finds that the diet is too exclu-
sively of the pap variety that the
child does not get a fair chance to
use his teeth. In other cases, al-
though the food is of the proper kind,
the child is not made to masticate suf-
ficiently, The results are equally un-
fortunate..
The nut -eating game is a good way
to teach children to masticate proper.
ly. The child who can chew on a
Brazil nut for the longest time is the
prize winner. Everyone in the genie
discovers how very good the food
tastes when it is eaten slowly, and be,
gins to form the habit of long chews
ing.
With insect enemies scarce, and
growth exceedingly vigorous, apple or,
chards promise to be in fine shape for
next year even if they are not going
to bear much this season.
With milk weighed every tenth day
and a composite sample tested once a
month, the actual yield of each cow for
her full period of lactation can be
found with but little trouble.