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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1915-4-8, Page 2STRANGE NERIIOIIS DIRQRQ R THE DISEASE OF VGAIt IS A REAL AIIt3LE11*T, Dread of High Places, Crowds and Solitude are Symptoms of Mon- till )10144- A cure for "disease of fear," one of the .modern mental 'maladies 'classified by neurologists, is being undertaken in the .new. psychiatric Aline of xohm Hopkins university. It is not the natural terror which seizes one in imminent peril, but the irrational dread which clutches its victims at the sight of things mot in themselves dangerous, or at the thought of perils which. are far re- mote. For instance, one of those afflict- ed with particular form of the mal- ady may be overtaken, as ho walks along the street, by a fear oil high places. He imagines himself vividly to be cleaning over the wall of a great skyoraper and feels with a hideous anguish at every atom of hie being the pull of gravitation straining to drag him down to death. In vain his reason assures him that ,his feet are safely planted on solid ground, A terror which he knows to be irrational grips his heart 'with a pressure which utterly sickens .and unmans him. And the nlos'e he attempts to rid his mind of the obsessing horror the more ruthlessly is presses upon him. Fear of Cutlery. Or. take a woman in a case under recent observation who was dogged by an unearthly fear of cutlery. The sight of the most harmless table utensil would make her desperate. She would almost faint is she saw en assortment of goods in a hard- ware store. She would shriek if she caught a glimpse of her hos - band shaving. Whenever fresh cut- lery arrived at the house she would instantly throw it out of the win- dow. Her family was reduced to the most ludicrous makeJhifts for tableware. These unfortunates are not in- sane. Exept for the one mental twist they are entirely rational. The proof is that they realize, into.- lectually—something which insane persons never do—the absurdity end unreasonableness of their psy- chological sufferings. This strange nervous disorder is far from uncommon, but has only recently been recognized as a die - en -e. Formerly, victims of the mal- ady were merely told not to be sil- ly, or admonished to control them- selves. But to -day soienee de- clares the disease of fear to be a real ailment and is attempting to wr,ik out a. technique for its treat - =slit and cure. History shows that many illus- trious persons were afflicted by the disorder now defined as a disease. Butte Napoleon and Wellington would rush from a room if it con- tained a rat. Erasmus, the great reformer, would be thrown into a high fever if he so much as looked at fi-h or lentils. Bayle, the phi- losopher. would fall into oonvui- .i•'ns if he heard the dripping of water from a tap. The sight of a goat would make Tyoho Brahe, the astronomer faint away. Samuel Johnson touched with his band evcrr pot whie!h he passed—if he neglected ane he would retrace his step- in dismay to repair the omis- eien. Some of the Pet Aversions. conceited by patients seem to be `odd and amusing eccentricities. The bete noir of the diordered mind may be a particular flower, an odor, a co%or, lire or water. Many persons dread stepping upon a crack in the pavement. and avoid this oalamtity ae gingerly as df life depended upon it. Common phobias are those of noise. Rattling steam pipes, drip- ping water or buzzing gas burners will drive some persons distracted. An authority reports an old -woman who coulrl never put her umbrella down without tapping the floor four times with the ferrule. if a strang- er same in and placed, his umbrella noiselessly in the rack, she would pull it, out apprehensively, strike the floor four tinier and place it Utak again. Silence brines •a nervous crisis upon r* rtain psycho -neurotics. So.nie dread light, and others are terrified by darkness. The phobiao of high plarea cannot ascend in an elevator or sit in the gallery of a thcafer or stand near the edge of a cliff, or even think of the idea of altitude without suffering acute an- gubli '('his is not the natural sen- sation of vertigo, but a nameless and hi -tisane fright which he himself while in its grasp, helplessly re- aldzes re, preposter'oas. The ultimate terror, the fear of being afraid, has been noted by certain observers. A classic ex- ample of phobophobia is De Mau- 4qassant'a story of a man who killed binned/ the night before a duel be- ta -use he feared he would show xowardiee on the field of honor. Sometimes the vrotamis, by a su- rrem,e 'exertion of their intelligence sand will, free ilieemmeielves from their obtsession&, But few ever a0eom- :1fsh •thio self -deliverances To1seurologists, then, comes the opera tion el to what can be 'done to help and perhaps curs .these psychic in- an lids, Tho first step. Is to seek the cause Of their meatal disorders, The fact Penns to he established that psy- Shonettrosis has .no physieal basis, It is not, like Tnany forms of insan- its, induced by phytsical lesions of the brain, os degeneration of the brain cells'. The patient is not dis- eased in any.physieal sense, and yet he is Desperately Siok Mentally. So the scientists have invented the `psychic wound" es the cause of tlhe "disease of fear." This, "psychie wound," they say, is the result sometimes of an accu- mulation of misfo•rtunes,, such. . as the growing misery of an' unhappy marriage, chronic money difficul- ties, uncongenial surroundings or unrealized ambitions. Or, again, it may be deriwned from a single vio- lent shock, such as the death of a near relative or the patient's pre- sence in •a fire, a railroad smashup or a shipwreck, There is first a permanent -psychic restlessness, from which emerges, sometimes im- mediately, . sometimes after months or years, a peraversion of some kind. 1t has :been found that a ma- jority, of the sufferers are women, not men. The most promising success in treating the disease has thus far been found to lie in the use of men- tal suggestion. The woman re- ferred to above, .who hada morbid horror of cutlery, was directed, just before she said her prayers each night, to kneel down, put her: face in her hands, and repeat the for- mula: "This fear is nonsense • I shall harm myself or others. I am per- fectly sane, and I am going to get well.. There is no more harm in a razor than in a stick of wood. She was sent to the country, where she had a garden to work in and a dog and canary to care for. After nine months of treatment she declared that !her fear was gone, She believed, for ever An impor- tant part of the treatment was in- ducing her to see her terror of cut- lery in its comical light. Others have been assisted by per- suading them to take part in eocial- service work, in which, busied with the troubles of others, they forgot their own, Still others were bene- fitted by being taught some form of art, such as clay modelling, o•r were soothed with music. HUSBANDS AS MASTERS. A Case Where the Wife Proved to Be It. Two friends who had often won- dered how many husbands were masters in their own homes formed a plan for deciding the matter. They were to start out with two horses and a chicken. If the first man they met proved to be the mas- ter of his own household he was to have one of the horses; if his wife was the ruler he was to have the chicken. They had not gone far when they came upon a farmer, and they put the question to him. Drop- ping his rake and stretching him- self to his full height of six feet, he repied that he was "boss of everything for forty acres round," and he would like to see the women who could order him in •any way 1 "Very well, sir," said one of the investigators, "we are glad tofind a man who is the actual head of his home, and we are going to give you one of these horses cat appreciation. Which do you pre- fer, the brown or the grey horse?" "Well," replied the farmer, "I don't know just yet which one of them• is the best; they're both handy looking. I think I like the brown." Then he went off into the house. As he re -appeared a window was raised hurriedly, and a thin, clear voice called out, "John, you'd better take the grey one." The farmer began to look the ani- mal over. "Gentlemen," he said, with affected indifference, "I be- lieve I've changed my mind. I'll take the grey horse." "You most certainly will not 1" cried the two men. "You will take the chicken !" SAVING ,. CITY. A Band of Musicians Playing Popn= lar Airs Did It. It was in the year 1868, alter a battle in the Spanish revolution of that year, and the streets of Ma- drid were filled with angry crowds that Were bent oat destroying everything and everyone. Sud,. denly am unknown, man appeared at the city hall. "Give me a band of musicians," he said, "and before nightfall I shall control all Madrid," He mush have been is man of rare personality to have been able to persuade the authorities, in that dark hour to give him anything, But he got the musicians, and went out with them to wander through the eity. While they play- ed, he eamg---popular street songs, or some old national air. When that bared the listeners, he mount- ed old boxes and told funny stories. By nightfall peace reigned in the city, and fire mob broke up and went home, to bed, The many name was Felipe Ducazel, en id1 Ise was only twenty-two 'eats el cl 'Then he cleverly aehi • vett this result•, We are to &, deal about heroic Mita s e' lin rn � vd Co ria a rI halt s by long, terr le ad lea at n! t, or by the Deer 313,ha of gni oneself byy dying in somebody's stead but few of Rs hear of anyone who saved a town 1 by laughter, DOMESTIC LIFE OF PIRATES LIVED UNDER LAWS (;STAB- •xnif1) BY um SELVES. l.or."_e Were Not tIways Slit. ,,ng '!'(moats and "Scuttling 011ier lieu's Skips. Outside of the spotlight whioh has been thrown on the professional activities of the old pirates of the West Indies was another interesting piratical life, their doomestic life, which story and song have elighted. Pirates were not always slitting throats end scuttling ships. Some tinter; like the gay freebooters of Penance, they "indulged in the felicity Of unbounded domesticity." The honia station of most of the West Indian pirates was at the Is- land of Tortuga. There they lived under rude lawa established by themselves and enforced in true republican style. Tortuga had a regularly appoint- ed government, as one may learn from the memoirs of John Esque- meting, a Dutoh bond servant, who became a barber surgeon for vari- ous pirate bands. The most noted governor was M. de la Place, a renegade Frenchman:. His major, or lieutenant governor, was Mieh= sell de Basun, a former soldier in Flanclers and then retired after several successful piratical adven- tures, The governor ruled the island as a despot, A few simple laws were enforced on all pirates. Debts must be Paid. Friends of a mur- dered man might kill th,e slayer, with impunity. Winners of fair fights, went unpunished. Traitors were tortured. After three years !slaves had tlhe privilege of joining a pirate band. When a pirate captain planned an adventure he published tlhe news in .all the pirate retreats. Tortuga had its town crier. A date and gathering place were named. Also it was specified how much powder and shot each man must furnish. On assembly day the prospective pirates trooped to the gathering place. The captain explained his project further. Then he inspected the recruits. All who had the re- quired powder and shot and were well armed he accepted. The next thing to do was to pro- cure a ship. Usually the governor supplied that. Then the pirate band, now known as a society, dis- cussed ways and means of provi- sioning the ship. Tho customary method was to sail in small boats to neighboring Spanish islands and steal enough hogs to provide meat. This was salted and stored away. Sometimes a gentle -hearted cap- tain would pay the hog owners a small auto. Generally, however, they took what they wanted and the rancher considered his luck good if he escaped with his life. The pirates -now repaired to their stronghold and discussed the ob- ject of the adventure. The gover- nor took part in this, he knowing the most probable sources of wealth, having, as Esquemeldng says, made ,diligent inquiries along that line. In the meantime the shipwright careened the vessels to be used, caulked and repaired them and fitted the rigging. The last duty was the signing of articles. That was the coanpaet which bound the pirates together until the adventure should end. It was first specified that all plunder should go to a common fund. That would be divided in equal parts. Each private mariner would get one part, the captain six parts, and other officers in proportion. From 100 to 150 pieces of eight were set aside for the shipwright. The biar- ber-surgeon was given about 260 pieces of eight as salary and funds to furnish a medicine chest. The pirates paid extra for whatever barber work he slid. Another important item was a schedule of remunerations for wounds. The following one gener- ally was adopted: Loss of right arm, 800 pieces of eight. Loss of left arm, 500 pieces of eight. Loss of right leg, 500 .pieces of eight. Loss of left deg, 400 pieces of eight. Loss of an eye or finger, 100 pieties of eight, Loss of both oyes, 600 pieces of eight. This was paid from the common fund before the shares were de- clared. A wounded man had the options of baking one slave in lieu of each 100 pieces of eight, ;Soya drew one half-share because it wee their duty to scuttle and fire cap- tured ships, a somewhat dangerous tack. In private life pirates were "very civil and dheritable." Esquenaeldng writes, "so that if anyone wants what another has, with great will- ingness they give it one to en other." >3,v strict 'attention to duty and applieelytion a. pirate might work himself up to high command. The irate sturgeon fella of one c11 Brazilian who,"being at a start g h t how o of his i 'n he 1 triter ed v{, g, himselfgnt into a s et o pirate,' where he served as a grin ,te mass• ver for some time, and believed ,imaelf ae well he was beloved and respected by all. Sudis traits aocn wan hint the ,title of vice admit'al. ffs iia it One fondness which brought down a re• Woof from the governor of Tor- tuga, 'He took great pleasure in roasting Spaniards on wooden spits. Me governor held' that tans violated piratical law, It was all right to roast a few Sp'anierds that way, but some should be saved for slaves. The governor mon his point. When an adventure was over the pirates made for their retreat as soon as the ,spoils had been divided. Therr, until their money was sone, they lived a gay life, Sometimes a successful pirate would spend 2,000 or 3,000 pieties o1 eight a night in the Tortuga taverna. The tavern- keepers always 'nailed the price of drunks when a party of "pirates re. turned .from. successful cruise. In a few weeks all their wealth would be gone. Then the bankrupt pirates would Geek a grubstake, If he were a brave pirate and known for being successful some taverns keeper would supply him with food until another society was formed, Then the tavernkeeper would .enter the pirate inthe ranks, supplying the latter with arms, clothing, and bald for a specified, share of the loot. Quite a number of prudent pirates retired after a few suocess- ful Bruises and gathered more wealth in the safer occupation of professional grubstaker. It was not unusual for some person to grubstake a dozen or more of a pirate crew. After a few years in that occupa- tion a retired pirate would end his associations with the freebooters and go to Virginia and become a respected planter, or to New Eng- land and set up a trading house. Esquemeling says it was quite common for men to do that. Henry Morgan had a working agreement with Virginia, Louisiana and New England merchants. They financed his early adventures in re- turn for the privilege of buying his loot ata low figure. Quite like the modern burglar, the pirate got the least money of anyone connected with his profession. Thus a ship - Load of ogeoa was sold for one - twentieth of its value te. M. de la Place, who in turn soldit to Bos- ton merchants for one half value. PRINCE AND PAINTER. The Latter Received an Apology From the Forster for an Insult. Audacity irresistibly attracts us, and the man of strong, original character is an object of universal interest, In the economy of his household, James Northcote, the English por- trait painter, area sordid, ,yet lords and ladies not a few assembled in his ill furnished, ill -arranged and ill -swept studio when an exceeding- ly popular young actor sat to him. The favorite was conveyed by the Duke of Clarence (afterward Wil- liam IV). to Argyll Place in his own carriage, and his Royal High• essn lingered to see the progress of the work—and probably to study the painter. "The loose gown in which he painted," says one of Nortlseote's biographers, "was principally com- posed•of shreds and patches, and might perchance be half a century old; his white hair was sparingly bestowed on each side, and his cranium was entirely bald. "The royal visitor, standing be- hind him while he painted, first gently lifted, or rather twitched the collar of the gown, which Northcote resented by suddenly turning and expressing his dis- pleasure by a frown; on which his Royal Highness, touching the pro- fessor's gray looks, amid: "'You don't devote much time to the toilet, I perceive.' " 'Sir,' the painter instantly re- plied, 'I never allow anyone to take personal liberties with me; you are the first that ever preaum- ed to do so; and I beg your Royal Highness to recollect that I am in my own house.' 'The artist resumed his painting; the prince sbood silent fora mo- ment or eo, then opened the door, and went away. The royal carriage, however, had not arrived, and the rain was falling; the prince return- ed, borrowed an umbrella, and de- parted. "'Dear Mr. Northcote,' said 'one of the ladies, 'I fear you have of- fended his Royal Highness.' "'Madam,' said the painter, 'I am the offended party.' "The next day, about noon, Mr. Northcote was alone, when a gen- tle tap was beard, the studio door opened, and in' walked the prince. " `Mr. Northcote,' he said, 'I am come to return your sister's um- brella; I brough it myself, that I might have an opportunity of say- ing that yesterday I thoughtlessly took an unbecoming liberty bvit)lt you, which you properly resented. I really am angry with myself, and I hope yon will forgive me, and thi s nq mere I ;And what dsd you say l' in - milted a friend to whom the paint- er told the story. "'Say 1' repeated Northcote 'What could I say 1 I only bowed might, see whet, fel he g s aLx ts could x at that moment have sacrificed say life for him, Sueli a. prince is worthy to be a cling.' „ The prince afterward, in his bluff manner, said, "He's an hon- est, independent little old fellow." a tti1 Il.1iIMit SIDittiIjltilMum A11 GUARD 'AGAINST ALUM IN BAKING POWDER SEE THAT ALL INGREDIENTS ARE PLAINLY PRINTED ON THE LASEL,ANDTHAT ALUM OR SUsester 'OF ALUMINA' OR 00010 ALUMINIO SUL- PHATE Is NOT ONE OF THEM, THE WORDS "NO ALUM" WITHOUT THE IN- GREDIENTS 19 NOT SUFFI- CIENT. MAGIC BAKINO POWDER COSTS NO MORE THAN THE ORDINARY KINDS. FOR ECONOMY, BUY THE, ONE POUND TINS, HAWN THIS ISCOMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWINO (NORM [NTS ArIDNONE 01103 PNalroATE 61C*RP• ONA EOYSSOODAANP E. W. GILLETT COMPANY. LIMITED TORONTO, ONT. MONTREAL WINNIPEG iii i111111111Mi THEE T DEATH N AGED KICKED 0 MORE LIGHT ON ATROCI'T'IES - BY GERMANS. Commission Instituted by French Government Issues Its Report- Murder and Revolting Crines. Further light on the atroeitiee perpetrated by Orman soldiers on non-combatants is given in the re- port presented by the commission. instituted by the Frendh Govern- ment with a view to investigating acts committed by the Germans in violation of international 1'aw. Ail the evidence before the commission was taken on oath and supported, by photographs and :wherever at has been possible to give the Germans the benefit of the doubt they have received it. The commissioners consisted of M. M. Georges Payelle, First Pres- ident of the Coma des Conrbtes; Armand Moll•ard, Minister Pleni- potentiary; Georges Maringer, Counsellor of State, and Edmond Paillot, Counsellor at the Court of Appeall. "Never has a war carried on be- tween civilized nations assumed the savage and ferocious charaoter of the one which at thus moment is be- ing waged ob, our soil by an iaruplac- able enemy. Pillage, rape, arson and murder are the common pr'ac- tioe of our enemies," says the re- port. Aged Kicked to Death. "The massacres at Luneville; Gerbeviller, Nomeny and Seal's terrible, proof of this asser- tion. Villagers were torn from their homes aced marched off into captivity into Germany. Those who by their age or infirmity fell by the roadside were bayoneted or kicked to death. In many instances women and children were placed as screens in front of the German troops during the fighting. Buried Son's Body. "At Gerbeviller, 20 out of 475 houses remain habitable and 100 persons have disappeared. Some were taken to the fields and exe- cuted, others were assassinated in their homes or Shot down, as they fled from the flames. Here two of the most horrible crimes were com- mitted. The Germans entered a house, took away the 36 -year-old son, who was •wearing a Red Cross brassard, tied his hands behind his back, shot him in the street and then returned and fetdted his 70 - year -old further and mother. They saw 'their son stretched on the ground. As the .body still moved the Germans poured petrol upon it and set it ialldght in the presence of the terrified soother. Family Murdered. "The village of Revigny, in the department of the Meuse, was the scene of it terrible drama, At the commencement of the fire Madame X. took refuge in the cellar. M. and Mme. Adnot, together with these latter, and their four children. aged 11, 5, 4, and one year. A few days afterwards the bodies of these unfortunate people were discover- ed in the middle of it pool of blood, Adnot had been shot, Mme. X. had her breast sand right a ;rim eut off, the little gird of eleven, had a foot severed., the little boy of five had his throat cut." Revolting Crimes. The following details of rapine• and murder, arson and other abominable or enea are given in the report: "Ab Coulommtrers a sol - GREATER LONDON'S CENSUS PoPUh4.T ON O1' WQItT.D's ME. 'T'OrOLIS 7,201,663. Some Wonderful Foots. Akont the Capital of the British Tmpiro— Her Greatest Rival; (London, in )he sbr'iob sense, isthe ,pity of London, the populationf which within munioipal and parlis,- mentary boundaries was at thelaas census, only x9,6117. The next biggest London is the Ecoiesiaabical London, or the Dio- cese of London, with a population am of 3,811,827. Curiously enough it is contains some of the smallest par- ---. ishes in Etngland,'suoh as ISt. Al. piiege, London Wall, Allah. boasts "two, families or separate oeou- piers." Fellows then the Count—of Lon- don—an area eoir'esponding with that within the Registrar-Generssl's Talblee of Mortality. You see in the table published weekly in the newspapers -when we are not en- gaged in a European war -that the death -rate in London is.so and so. Well, the Registrar -General means the County of London. And of this London the population is 4,5.21,686. Pass we now to the •Central'Crim- inal Court district, which consti- tutes yet another (London. The peo- ple within its 'borders number no fewer than 6,610,031. Proceeding, we might rest by stages the London Postal district and others. But Iet ns jump at once to the biggest London of all Greater London. This maze of towns and villages, which corresponds with the City of London and Metropolitan Police districts, extends over a radius of fifteen miles from Charing •C'r'oss, embraces an area of more than 699 square miles, and comprises a wide belt, known as the Outer Ring. in which the population is increasing with extraordinary rapidity. ether came into the louse of Ma- dame X. on September 6 and sent her husband away on :some pretext. Then, in spite of the fact that two small children were present, he tried to rape, the yc:al'e;' woman. Her husband, when he heard her 'crick, rushed -back, but 'va0.,a hit on the head with arifle and his wife had to suffer the consummation of the outrage. Its the clean way Ma- dame X. and Madamt Z. at Sancy- les-Provins were the victims of sim- ilar outrages. The former was forced to subunit to the will of a soldier with a revolver at her throat; the second was outraged in the presence of her little daughter, aged 3. At St. Denis-les-Re:bais on September 7, an Udulan raped Ma- dame X, while her mother-in-law, powerless to intervene, endeavored to keep her grandson, aged 8, from this revolting sight." This is the official report of only a Few of the atrocities committed by the army that hoped to spread its culture among the nations of the world. UNIVERSITY BASE HOSPITAL, Its Needs Set Forth by Mrs. McPlredran. The following letter from Mrs. McPhedran, the convenor of the Sick Fund of the Ontario Red Cross Society, will interest many read- ers of this paper who are engaged in charitable work or who may be able to devote a little time to aid- ing in the equipment of the base hospital, which is being sent, to the front very soon by the medical fac- ulty of the University of Toronto: 151 Bloor St. West, Toronto, March 26th. Dear Sir, --Will you' grants me the hospitality of your columns for a few words regarding supplies for the University of Toronto Base Hospital? We know that there aro marry graduates, men and women, throughout Canada, who are in- tensely interested in this under- taking, and we ask and need every one's assistance in order that we may bring the equipment to a suc- cessful issue. It has been suggested that groups organized for work throughout the province should turn their organ- izations over to University Hospi- tal work for at least some weeks. As sheets, shirts, pillow slips, pyjamas, bed jackets, etc., are needed by thousands, it is hoped that some societies may make offers such as the following: "We will make one hundred shirts for the University Base Hospital during the next month." Mrs. Lash Mil- ler, the convenor of the Work Com- mittee, will be glad to hear from any who are willing to help in this way. May I say a few words in regard to socks. The impression seems to have got abroad that our men will not require heavy socks during the summer. This is a mistake. None but heavy woollen stocks are ever worn by soldiers in the field. When the wounded are sufficiently recov- ' eyed to again take their places in the firing ;line new outfits of cloth- ing are needed to replace those ruined by mud and blood, most of which must be burned when the men come in. For this we shall re- quire many hundreds of socks to suPplement those supplied by the Government. This ltaspital officially known as No. 4, is essentially our hospital. Let us then send it out well equip- ped, a worthy expression of our industry, our patriotism, and our love of humanity. JEAN MWPHI;DEAN, Convenor of Ontario Red Cross Society Sock Fund. STOP THAT DISGUSTING SNIFFLE! SOOTHING i1 J TARRHOZONE"--A QUICK CURIE The Rich Healing Balsams of Catarrhozone Are Death to Colds, Bad Throat and Catarrh Shnply a marvel—you get relief so quick from Catarrhozone. Try the inhaler and count ten—your throat ani nose are cleared --you fool n1 better at once. Every breath you take Is laden with the rlolr piney vapor of Catarrhozono -every breath is full of healing --full of soothing curative medicine that do• stroys sniffles and nose colds almost Instantly, Thousands are using C'atarrhozone to -day who couldn't live without it, 'Cry it for yqqt irrrit blq Biroa.t, test it out for that lir•t� ficislltl cough, give It a chance to .ilei you of that cit •onic catarrhal condition. Years pf woijderful ramose and tea - Oniony from the best people of our lqadd go to ,prove that nothing so far cllsco'iored Is quicker, safer, surer, more pleasant than Catarrhozono. It is in its application purely scientific- is'reconlmonded only for certain all - wants above mentioned ---but those it does certainly cure. • Use the complete dollar aulilt of Catarrhozone; it always does tiro worn; small also 50e., sample trial size 280.; sold by dealers everywhere, Gigantic Jumps. In ten years—from 1901 to 1911•— that of East (Haan grew from 90,008 to 133,504, or at the rate of 39.1 per cent.; and in the previous period the increase was actually 193.0 per cent. Equally remarkable was the Peopling of Walthamstow. In 1901 the population was 95,131; ten years later it had increased to 12.1,- 697-31 per cent., compared with 105.3 per cent. in the corresponding period 1801-1801. Tottenham and Willesden have also grown with marked rapidity. The leading case, however, is Il- ford, the population of which in- creased 277.0 per cent. in ten years —1801-1911—and at the rate .,f in 1891-1901. The Outer Ring, in fact furnishes Iby far the most striking illustration in this country of tate migration .,f population from the central pur tions of large cities. What was the most staggering result of the last census 'I It was the discovery that for the first time the population of London had decreased! But the explanation was simple. Owing to the substitution of warehouses, chops, etc., for dwelling -houses, people had been pushed out of fon- don—that is, the 'County of Lon- don—into the Outer Ring. Altogether, the population of this belt is 2,730,002, bringing that of Greater London up to 7,251,083. Her Greatest Rival. While, however, greater London is officially regarded as correspond- ing'with the City of London and (Metropolitan. Police districts, it has of late years, consequent un the increased facilities fur travel- ling, spread farther afield. Acture ally, it extends in loin directions more than fifteen miles from Char•- ing Cross. It might be contended, therefore, that the population of Greater London much exrerds seven and a quarter millions. Is there any other spot in. Eng- land with anything like the popu- lation round it that is clustered round 'Charing 'Cross? Only one -- that on which stands Manchester Town Hall. Measure a radius of fifteen miles from that structure, and you enoloso a vast public - a ,pttlblio whiellr is in size a good sec- ond to that at the hub of the Em- pire, end which is engaged in more manufactures than you can count. The Manchester district, indeed, is already the industrial Inetr•,pu•• lis of the world—Mo other centre comparing with it --and the time may not be far distant when, in point of population, it will chal- lenge the supremacy of Great -r Lond on. --Landon. Answers. Anavers>qe ani eat rhes Shell r ,ut rl? f 6l cubiti feet of air' info his lurt-;a' every dtoaif. f England has 14,15 telcgrnl.h A,f. ices and last year banditti 'i,.1- 000 messages. A motorboat has been athro at ver can be drirven, thr,mgl, w at 'r •' i co o land Experiments in I'r.rnc.e have shown ,. n that n t crusty sod is air ef- fbiticient filter for sr.w ,,,e.. The government of Brasil tains a. snake farm for the praise - tion of serum antidote fur suadco e,