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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1914-10-22, Page 3( is Hints for the Home OIdef ashioned Gdhgerbread. There was probably one original method of making this delectable, sweet, dank !bread, or plain cake— whichever you nay call it, Bub there have been devised so many variations on the one original me- thod that it ie admotstiosb in ob- scurity. The Old-heihioned Find. — Here is an old enmity receipt for ginger - breed that has been tried and nob found wanting by several genera- tions: One half cupful of sugar, one half mold molasses, one hall cupful of eweeb milk, one half tea - e oonftil of soda dissolved in one +tablespoonlful water, one table- spoonful of butter or lard, melted slightly, one teaspoonful of ground ginger, one teaspoonful of ground sugar, one teaspoonful of cinna- mon, one hall teaspoonful of bek- ing powder, 1% cupfuls of flour, one beaten egg. Sifb the dry in- gredients together into a bowl. Add molasses, milk and shortening. Beat well. Then add the egg. Bake slowly in a loaf, in a fiat pan or in small patty -cake pans, With More Eggs.—Here is a re- celpt for a sponge gingerbread that uses more eggs in comparison to the other ingredients: One cupful of sugar, one cupful of molasses, one cupful of milk, three cupfuls of flour, two tablespoonfuls of baking powder, one half teaspoonful' of salt, three well !beaten eggs, Called Molasses Cake.—This another family receipt, tlliat goes under the name of molasses cake. It is richer !than either of the other recipes given : One half cupful of butter, one half cupful of sugar, Iweebeaben eggs, two cupfuls of flour, one half teaspoonful each of cinnamon, allspice and cloves, one (half cupful o£ milk, one cupful of molasses, one teaspoonful of soda, one half cupful of boiling water. Cream the !butter and eugar and add the eggs and molasses. Sift the spices and flour together and add, alternately with the milk. Then dissolve the socia in ,the +boil- ing water and add last, Without Eggs.—There are some very good receipts for ginger bread without eggs, and here is one : One cupful molasses, one cupful of su- gar, one half cupful of butter or herd, one cupful of boiling water, one full terspoonfal of soda, one teaspoonful of ginger, one half tea- epoonfitl of cinnamon, four cupfuls . of flour. Dissolve the soda in a tablespoonful od the belling water and add to the molasses. Then add. the shortening, melted, :the rest of the boiling water and the flour, mixed with the spices. Beat until smooth and bake, Ginger Sponge Cake. — Some- times brown sugar is used in gin- gerbread, as it is in this receipt: Two eupfule of brown sugar; four e,gga, one +pint of 'flour, 1% tea- spoonfuls baking powder, one tea- spoonful of extract of lemon, one teaspoonful of ginger, ground or extract, `two thirds cupful of cold water. Beat 'the eggs and then add the sugar and !beat for ten arrinntes. Then add, alternately, the water and .the flour, with the spices, Add Me extract and mix until smooth. Bake for about half an hour. Brown Sugar !Molasses. — The foregoing receipt) used brown su- gar, but no molasses. This receipt) calls for both 'these ingredients. One cupful of butter, one cupful of brown sugar, ane cnpfal of milli, one half cupful of molasses, 1% pints of flour, 1% teaspoons of bak- ing powder, ane ,beeten egg. Creani the sugar and butter, then addthe egg, and 'ere.am again, next adcl the molasses and the flour, sifeed wibh the 'baking powder'. Mix well and bake ,slowly for 35 or 40 min- utes, With Sour .Crehan: —This is call- ed oldtime gingeremead:in the fam- ily where it is made, As it calls for .flour eggs and a eupfu'1 of sour .cream, it is ,hardly a hereetime re- coip't, But it is a reliable receipt for good times, ab any rate. One cupful of dank brown sugar, one quarter capful of !batter, one caup- fttl of sour cream., one cupful mo- lasses, one ,tseeles,00ufu•l eacIh of .coda and ginger, 'four egg yolks, three cupfuls of flour. 'Cream the bitter and sugar and ,then add the egg yolks and cream again. .ldd the ginger and the molassee and mix well, Dissolve the socia in. a tablespoonful of boiling +water and • add to the sour dream, Then add the cream and the .dots to the Bake !ratter, Bale in a long cake. Are You Housecleaning? :First 6f allbe thorough. And secondly, don't Make a Milli of the process and, •a' slave of yourself. Take your house-cleaning easily ,and cello, Rest) (between rooms., If you finish that appalling More r'oont at .e o'clook next Tuesday be hen-' Bible and rest during ;the remainder oe the day. Don"t begin the hall, bedrooan aaicl lose alI polo and tete-, per by 0 o'cloolr. Take things stone- to ue cif to 'con- ly.duct You wive. tY. ors y ran o£ work o t.n duct the we, c of the horn dcient, dignified manner, Begin this :year ree threw away the absolutely needless curtains and garments that are crowding the More room. There le a slogan in Inst 'homes that nothing must be discarded. "It will come in good some day," says.bhe average wo- man. Why not make the curtains, the all suits, the old linen come in good now 1 Give them to any of the organized societies for nicling the poor, It is criminal to hold !back drat which is unusued in ;your home and whech tan help a less fortunate one. Think that quem, And now that you !!lave cleared out the unnecessary things, inves- tigate the paints, shelves and fix- tures of the +hoame. A woman with a eon of fresh paint, a brush and the house-cleaning spirit, can do wonders. Make white paint whiter, give a glossy coat to the water - stained window -sills, reeolor the shelves, After soap and water there is nothing so rejuvenating as fresh paint, Things Werth Knowing. Obstinaabe whitewash stains may be removed with a few drops of 'hot vinegar. Rub alcohol stains off wood im- mediately with a, e'loth clipped in vaseline. Borax 'will take off the leather stains made by shoes on light-color- ed sboekings. Instead. of boiling !beetroots roast them- in the oven. The flavor will 'be much improved. Id bacon is soaked in water for a few minutes before frying it will, prevent the fat from running. A good way to use old underwear is to out them in souares and sew together and make a batting for quilt or light -weight comfort. This is fine, and saves the price of bat- ting. After u•se, all pudding cloths and jelly 'bags •should be washed in very bob water, and when they have been well rinsed, hung up to dry where they are exposed to a good draft. Before using tea, spread it on a sheet of paper and pta.ce in a warm —nob but—oven for 'ten or fifteen minutes. It will greatly .improve the flavor and it will also go much further. Great saving can be effeoted in the use of metal polish of it mixed with paraffin oil. A tin of polish and about four egg curpfuls of the oil shaken together will last for months, besides 'being much cleaner to use. Few eat, enough vegetable's and fruits. Lazy livers are on the in- crease. Diabetes, Bright's disease, rheumatism and . kindred troubles caused by dietetic errors ,are ' get- ting to be common diseases. Women as a rule eat too much starch mixed with sugar and cook- ed butter. Men eat too much meat, and almost everybody eats too ly se,asonecl food and more than the stomach can assimilate. A quantity of. anything . incduoes prodigality. Try it yourself and see, bubsome staple things can be bought in bulk much cheaper and better, and do nab deteriorate with keeping. G ER ill Ale ]"S SPY POSTEIIs, flit Up in France Two or Three elontlrs Before the Elio'. GENERAL 1,01118 BOTJI:+, Ile 1st Making the Inion of South Africa a Reality. The decielon of General Louie Botha, Premier of United South Africa, to take oumnmend of the South African forces, following the resignation of General Revers, who still cherislhes antagcnissn to the British, ,anel who would not fight the Germans in Africa, rounds out the career of a remarkable man who has always been loyal to his flag--layal bo Bribaiao 41+s well .as loyal to the Baer Republic, General Botha was born at Grey - town, Natal, in 1803, and when the Boer war broke out he enlisted acs a privabe in Kruger's Barmy. He rose to be commander-in-chief of the Boer forme end won historic viebor- fes at Colonso and other plums, When in 1910 Great Britain, in ac- cordance with its wise policy of al- lowing self -governor enb 'to; every colony ,aid dominion in es full mea- sure ea pos!sibio, formed the Union of South Africa, with the Boers be- ing given absolute freedom of ac- tion, Botha was elected the first Premier. He has been Premier ever since, and Ms position has been a very difficult one. But in every crisis which has arisen he has by strength, wisdom and tolerance safeguarded the interests of both British and Boers. He has watched the interests of his fellow -country- men, but be has recognized that British dauninion in South Africa was a fact to be accepted, and his generous nature has recognized that self-government under British ideals must be the happiest condi- tion :which the Boers could live ten- der. In 1912 Premier Botha was con- fronted by an inevitable crisis—a political clash between t:he parties who hacl a ,few years before met in a terrible clash of .arms. General Hertzog, the Minister of Justice, and the leader of the Dutch irre- concilibles, :started a bitter cam: paign :against the. British. Among other things, he objected strenuous- ly to the pert South Africa played in helping to maintain the Imperial navy. The Union was then grant- ing $400,000 yearly for that purpose and the Unionists demanded as in- crease. Botha and H•ertmog finally had an angry quarrel. Botha :appealed to his Cabinet, p•r.aotdoaldp all of whom suppoate'd him, ,and he then resign- ed and was asked by Lord Glad= Late last May the. adv-erti•sing,% boards . in n+ortizern :mei eastern France began to be decorated with brilliantly colored. po!sbers of "Bouillon Cubes," which purported to be a new German preparation for making beef tea. No one had .awry euspieeon that tube posters wase nob exactly what they pretended to be. until, alter war had been declar- ed, :and ;tire German troops had be- gun to overrun Beigivan. • Then in the fighting round! Char- leroi, the rrenclt captured a Ger- Man elm!an officer, in -whose pocket they found a code book +t'ivat peeved that the Bouillon Cubes posters+ were really cleverly designed means of giving +morel) military inforinattion M +am invacling army . Nearly every posher differed from the others un aroma detail • al aoloeiug or in the words it, bore, For example, the "3 Teller 10 Pfennig" on aposter meant) "mµuskceb batteries or e•n- t+nenelurmnts e, mile and a half south of this road," "0 Teller 20 .Peen - nig" meant "roads and bridges maned abort here." Other words gave informmbioai. about the none bei of •hons,es else could, be seized, here poesibilblay of gaetbing food sup- plies, or d!he oondu,tvon of the road's rand byways in the neighborhood, The French, soldiers were at onto sat to txornk to tear down every such poster they saw. So 'tdey have nob been of its much valueto the in- vknders as !they eavpeated ehe-m. to be, It is an imlterestang .fact elute the +advertising space for the pastors was d akcen, and paid for lit the spring, and the con!trlacts were to run for a year. Tthab tt*tars 'WO Or three months before' wuur vas de- clut,read, +and more then a, miontlt be- fore the !assassination of Prince Franz Ferdsmaand, • Correct. Papa (concealing something in Ms hand)—Willie, can you tell sus what it, is'with heads on ;ine side and lambs on the other/ • Willie (triumphantly) --- Oh, I know ! Ib's a rooster on a !fence "I Bear the captain is in: hard Mole, He married •a girl and she item -thin.- Ye .° he ran away o s,. Look her +for a mete, but she was a skipper," 4, r; General Rothia. e_,h„r stone, the Governor-General, to form another Cabinet. This he did, with Herbzog left out, and he has been Prime Minister ever since. Personally General. Botha is a very brave and very shrewd man, whose vbseon is wide enough to per - (give the ,shot b -comings of the large number of Boers ,W110 haus nob en- joyed the benefits of edatcationaind whose views are narrow ,aaud bigot- ed; When he went to King George's coronation he was persuaded to wear knee breeches .and the other regalia. prescribed for a levee, Later he was made .am: honorary general in the British Army, For these things •ho was abased. by 'many of the men_ 'whom he formerly Jed with such great; courage end ,skill in the South , African war, Ansi in taking bas present stand he wile be Nether abused by many of the older generation of Beers. Beb these old prejudices die, ,incl when they are preedeail,ly obliterated, as far as it is hntmenby possible to obliterate euc!h thiings, the ebief areclit for bringing peace and prosperity to 'a happily united well -governed South /Ulnae, will' belong to Gen•eral Louis Rothe, When Botha suet Sir Wilfrn cl Laurier at the couonetion ,a vver•m 1r'iendls+hip is !said to have sup p wle beten them, and "Sia^leas Wilfrid la s often hadecasion to make refer- ence to his admiration for Betimes •s generous +and expansive natnie, ,l .s e.et rags and leis etr�ength of purpo e in stanching by hes most generous oanviotioaua, des,pitc the facb that in doing so ho incut'rcd the disple- ettre of many of his oampwtriets. hi s t a • i ease i the oil ds Ilecl heat! s c Sea v in which the suffering is -dine by other' people, THE SUNDAY' ECHO 1. STUDY' IN'J'l:ltNA:TIOleet I,LSSON, UUI'0B1ai ?J, Lesson IV. Jesus and .!atlas ---!!lett, 20. 14-25, 97-50; 27. 340, Golden Text, '.!lull. 26. 24. Verse 47. Lo, Judas, one of the twelve --It was well known that Ju - dee 'was one of the twelve. But even 'to- the hardened bystander it was a shock to think of him as one of the disciples of. Jesus and also as Jesus's !betrayer. }fence the designation of Judas as "one of .the twelve" is not to describe or single hien out. It is an exckamation of sur- prise when he is found not with the other eleven and Jews, but in a turbulent crowd moving upon Jesus and the eleven.. A great multitude with swords and staves—•The indefiniteness of the words ",great multitude" f leaves the imagination free to com- pute the size of the crowd. That it wee not small in number is else-; "staves and swords" also is an in- definite terve, It would suggest that the crowd was nob composed of regular soldiery and was hetero- geneously armed. That they came tram the chief priests and elders of the people would indicate that the temple policy bad been drawn into service. This would not be a large body in number and would natur- ally draw a rabble waith it es it pro- ceeded out into the night wayerom the city. Curiosity is always the concomitant of crime. 48. He that 'betrayed him—Judas elsewhere is so designated (Matt. 10. 4 and other passages). The stig- ma stuck to him. Gave them a sign — Some sign would be necessary in the dards, and especially .because the officers of thte chief priests and .scribes could not be expected to know Jesus. Whomsoever I shall kiss—Lan- guage fails one to describe the per- fidy of Judas's act. But to con- ceive as its means of .fulfillment the loving approach of a' -kiss stupi- fies one. 49. And straightway he came — He would have the •act over with immediately. If he hesitated, the influence of Jesus would control him. Under his control he could not !betray him. Hail, Rabbi—At the last Judas cannot approach Jesus informally as his wont was. He comes with a fornial greetingand designates him in a professional way. The kiss of affection under this, approach was very thinly disguised. 50. Jesus said onto him, Friend— Jesus matches formality with for- mality and calls Judas "Friend." Do that for which thou art come —The meaning is, "You 'have done that which you planned to do. I understand the :meaning of the 'Ides." The Mester saw quickly the •parade and pretense of effeo- tion. 3. Then Juclas—That' is, after Jesus was led away to Pilate. As soon as Judas saw this he felt the doom of Jesus was complete. ''ho : --betrayed„ hire—Again„ the Stigma. Repented himself, and brought back the thirty pieces of silver — He repented to the ful'lesb extent: he +brou,ght back the silver, But bbs silver no longer had aughb to do with the 'betrayal. What was done could not be undone, The re- pentance was genouine, even apart from •the restoration of the money. 4. Betrayed -This word can al- ways be rendered by "delivered up," The betrayal included the ,delivery.. What is that bo us 1 see thou to it—The priests could not wash away the guilt of Judas. Had they been able to, they would not have been concerned with doing so, Let Judas stand the full brunt of his act. That was their thoughb. Ansi they doubtless gloated over his dis coanbtere as much as they did over their good fortune when he tante to thein to say he would deliver Jesus in their hands. 5, Cast clown the pieces of sliver —He could not hold them, They were Bearing his flesh, Into the sanetuar'y—The unclean money was even to defile the tem- ple, for ib was thrown into the very holy of holies. Abel departed; and he went away and hanged himself--,FTe is still pursued by the furies. "As an evil spirit which ran hither and thither in the earth seeking rest and find- ing none, so Judas was hurried by the lash of remorse 'until be is found hanging on. a tree. ,1t is step - posed that the sbrang1ed himself, the rope having ;broken... But see A' 4G.'9 1'. 18. 0. And the chief priests took the pieces of silver, and .said, It is not lawful to put ,thein into the trees - mg, since it is the prim of blood ---- The word for "treasury" is eor- banes and means the ''exceed treasury." . The exclusion of "blood maneY'e from this treasury was en applttabion of the law 'against iharlotry (see Dont. 23. Is), How true is it !drat Jesus was counted -with harlots and siimers. 7, Bought : the ,potter's field to bery strangels in—Strange that this money should be so associated with death and !burial. Strangers doubtless meant the Jews #rota other lands dying in Jerusalem at. passover Mime. 9, 10. Then was fulfilled that Which was spoken through Jere- miah the I uophet--The words ,ef the text which r£ol'low are not ficin Jeremiah, but from Zechariah (chapter 11, verses 12, 13), The er- ror is due to the „fact, dnilbtless, that similar texts from Jeremiah (18. 2, 3 and 32. 0.15) :were in the writer's mind. The force of the parallel is not in the close similar- rty of the incidents connected with the prophet on the ane Band alit Jesus on the other, abut in the very low value set upon e prophet in either case, Prophetical insight and activity •cannot be estimated. They run beyond all power of cal- culation, The travesty in the be- trayal of Jesus becomes accentuat- ed when the low price set upon his head is considered. NEW P111E FOOD LAW. Farmers Will Be Greatly BeueJttted By It. Tannery 1st, 1915, will be the date when the Amended Law Bill, num- ber 99, passed by the House of Com- mons on :the 010 May, 1914, will go into effect, forbidding the use of the word "maple" on any product that is not, absolutely pure sap of the maple tree. The following is a eapy of the n.ew Law :— "29A. No person shall manufac- "ture for sale, keep for sale,. or. "offer or expose for sale, as maple "sugar any sugar which is not pure "maple sugar, nor as maple syrup "any syrup which is not pure maple "syrup, and any maple sugar or. "maple syrup which is net up to the "standard prescribed by the Sixth "Schedule to this Act, or, if such "standard is ohanged by the Gov- ernor in -Council, to such standard "as the Governor -in -Council may "from time to time prescribe, shall "be deemed to be adulterated with- "in the meaning of this Act." "2. The word 'Maple' shell not "be used either alone or in eombi- "nation with any other word or "words en the !urgel ear other mark, "illustra-tion or device on a package "containing any article of food or "on any ;article of food itself which "is or which resembles maple su- gar or maple syrup; and no pack- age containing any article of food "or any article of food itself which "is not pure maple sugar or pure "maple syrup, shall be labelled or "marked in such a manner as is "likely to make persons believe it "is maple sugar or maple syrup "which. is not pure maple sugar or "pure maple syrup, and an article "of food labelled or marked in vio- lation of this sub -section shall be "deemed to be adulterated within "the meaning of this Act," The above legislation will prove of great behefit to alt maple syrup and sugar makers end will effec- tively stimulate the industry. In- cidentally it will keep the Govern- ment busy in following up their good and wise enactment. The grocery* trade throughout the Do- minion will have to be circularized, putting them on their guard against having the adulterated article on their shelves. Tnspeotors will, also h; •aeadod•';r_lertee..numbers to thoroughly safeguard the inteafe.ios' of the purchasing public, who will of course expect to get the pure maple syrup that they are paying for. With ,all the protective ma- chinery at oommaatd the Govern- ment should be able to thoroughly cope with the newly -created situa- tion. Afber all, Itis new 'act, to be effective., simply •affoeds another in- stance of the tenth of the oft -quoted maxian : "Eternal vigilance is the price of safety." ANTICIPATING A PATRIOT. How Affairs Aro Conducted in Eng- land During a War Crisis. • An amusing story that illustrates the peremptory way in which affairs are conducted durung a war crisis ooanes from. England to the New 'York Telegram, A geniblemen who lives ab Sontdi- atnpton and who owns a speedy power boat wrote •bo the 'commander at Ports:mouth, offering his boat for the service of his eaxuntry. In re- ply, he wa,s considerably surprised to receive this letter: "Your offer of power boat to His Majesty's government is received and :has been noted. It will not• be, noeossaay for you tomake a Formal transfer, as the email is already ie use by His Majesty's naval forces. Difficulty hats been experienced in getting --cane one who undbershaaudta running iter properly, and you could render your country eervaee by retuning and operating her for His Majesty's navy." And the man eves,so meth pleased ee the tvlay Anis craft had been corn- mendeereci; that he voluntee:red,. and is noes' an assistant •ionpin+ee.r, ferryingemeral officers about an the croup he used to ower -.-and enjoying 1't, Happiness depends ,half oil what we do and half an .what we don't. Father (impressively) .•-. "Sup- pose I should be taken away sud- denly, what would become of you, my bay2 Irreverent Sen—"I'd cd stay here, The question is, What would 'become of you l" "TURI Miff" IS TERRI IC yr IS TUE i)1LtfOLIES'1' E L1 SIVE KNOWN. 0- 1lrveutor lleeeived Liltte Aid From Freneh Gorernutcnt• al First. Reports have come from the Irene Meting that the French are firing a new explosive of each deadly char- aet•cv that whole battalions of Ger• man infantry are found dead in their trenches "standing boot up- right, and shill holding their rifles in firing ;attitude," as through sud- denly petrified? The London Express publishes the fallowing frau a writer for whose right to speak with authority the editor vouches: • Most Terrific Ever Known. "The new explosive invented two years ago by M. Turpin, the "par- ent" inventor of melinite and of lyddite—which is merely so named from the feet that the first experi- ments were -wade mt Lydde, in Kent, in presence of the French in- ventor—is undoubtedly the most terrific and th'e most widely death - dealing high-power explosive ever known. So lethal an its effect is the new shell• on exploeione, !thaut should its use become widespread whole armies, indeed entire nations, would be completely exterminated in the course of a few weeks, Nursed Grievance. M. Turpin is not only a remark- able man, he is also a man who for many long pears nursed a serious grievance, but who considered that he had been deeply wi'ongedin con- nection with the discovery of bis previous inventions, melinite and lyddite. It is said that ire became resentful and suspicious, and that he resolved to set to work and dis- cover some new explosive that would completely throw into the shade previous discoveries of which he was the author', but which had been "immei proved" by eal teclh- nicians. Far ,years M. Turpin. in his quiet house in the little town of Pon- taise, some twenty miles from Paris, had been silently 'working away at Itis new discovery, ,and eat a corn- paratively recent period he had the satisfaction of seeing the French Government make him the ' aamende honorable." This modified •liim considerable, .and he offered' his new discovery to his country, but his old dislike of War Office methods and War Office teclrnichians persisted. and this somewhat hindered the ne- gete ation s : Lost Appetite. "M. Turpin, however, was used to War Office procrastination, and he therefore had a special gun made 'on his. own.' He had it .maade in parte in different factories, and therm parts were put together else- where under lois personal supervi- sion. So, too, with the shells. In a small factory cause to Pontoise he per'soumally filled ,thein, and then, in the presence of a dozen carefully selected and invited officials; he ear- ried out +soau,e of hie $1st private experiments on is deserted part, "f the Atlantic coast, "The merest chance enabled .me to witness one of theme early trials of his new explosive, and I confess that, although I was ravenously hungry half an horn' before, 1 re- turned to my inn without an appe- tite for dinner."' Ile, Caught It. While terms of peace were being discussed at the elose of !the. Boer War, there were several interviews between Lord Kiteheruer and Gen- eral Botha, before a working basis for a treaty was ,agreed upon, says Pearson's Weekly. There was still a good deal el' skirmishing going on, and at the end of one interview General .Botha 'got up with, lbhe re - meek, "Well, I'm afraid I tarsal be off." "There's aro hurry," replied Lord Iiibcrhener, ple+asaant r ; "you have- n't got to catch a train, you know." General Botha laughed "Perhaps not," the a•nawered, "bub I meet, go now." Bidding Lord Kitchener good-bye, he :hurr&ed off. The .next morning came the news of is. successful Boer raid on a Beitiali au'anored+bruin cat the. Delagoa. lino, `Ah !" Lord Tei,tcdtc.ner enur- onenrbed, when the news wts brought liim, "So General Botha did to Catch 11i 6 til a,Vn . Charity begins at home, which may explain why the average man is so good to .himself; Aman tous g ld hi daughter that if she learned to cook he would give hel a gtu•.prise. She learned the art,1 and he sur' prised bee by dis- charging the servant girl. • "If only 1 had wings," sighed the poet, "Yon wouldn't keep them: long," remarked a• friend;. "Your i' goes goat's 'trill. ;miles' gtuud wife would soon bemating there mvff butter r It doest y, r £ it tactra after • to makea , t hat,, elle goat." t. at. f THE CAPITAL OF SERVIA 91E1.1) At; A PRIZE OF WA FOR (I+IN'Tl?BII+)S. 'coo of One .Devastating Cnntlla After Another for a Thous sand Years,' 1f tlte.spirite of the soldier's slain in Belgrade, the capital of. Service could clueing the lastthousand years a el be reincarnated such an armed host would be represented as leas nab been seen since Xerxes, set out from Sardis to •conquer• the civilized world, says The New York Herald. For site the first fortifications were made on the promontory at the eontiuenee of the Save .and the Danube, near the sibe of the present city, by the Celts inthe third ten- tury B.C., it has been the scene of ons devastating conflict afber ens other. The reported' occupation by Austrian troops marks the fourth time in comparatively recent history' that the Hapsburgs have taken it. The Celts gave to Belgrade the name of Singidunum, ,and as such it was known until the seventh ocn- bury A.D. The Romans 'took it from the Celts and replaced their fort by strong fortifications, as is evidenced by bricks recently dug up bearing the inscription "Legeo IV. Flavaa Felix." For the forllowong two cen- turies it •changed masters often, ea:ah change being marked by slaughter, as Buns, Seermatiens,_ Goble; and Gepids followed each other into possession before the Ern - payer Justinian brought it ones more under Roman rule. Political Bone of Contention. Toward :the end of the eighth cen- tury the Franks of Charlemagne be- sieged and took it, and the follow- ing century it fell into ;the hands of Bulgarians. In the eleventh cen- bury the Byzantine Emperor Basil , Il. reconquered it for the Greek Empire. The Hungarians fought over it dor the first time in 1124, when Xing Stephen wrested it from the Greeks, and since that time it has been a political bone of conten- tion among Greeks, Bulgarians, Hungarians and Austrians. A survey of the map of Servia, and a study of contiguous' territory explains ,the reason for the recur- ring conflict. Belgrade was consid- ered to be the key to Hungary, and its possession gave command of the traffic between the upper and lower Danube. The Servian kings first gained its possession in •the fourteenth cen- tury, end after 27 years the Servian prince, Giorg Brankoviteh, ceded it to the Hungarians, Ito possession by Christian nations incensed the Turk, and twice during the fifteenth century the city was assailed by the followers of the Sultan, Each time they were beaten back, and in the last siege, that of 142e, the monk, John Capristan. and the fermis John ' Hunya<ly, rose to fame through the vigor ut the 'lefeeee conducted by them, Tui'hs Gained Poest':niimt, In the middle of the next ;cen•tury the Turks under Sultan Sulelnum took it from the Hungarians. aald it retrained a Turkish.poeseeeion un, til the_,'snalrians captured it in 1085. Two yease- at"r the Turks recap- tured the city and li'olrt +until 1717, when, by a most Ierilliaut droll i.�.. Prince Eugene of Savoy refeek it for the Austrians, who held it: until 1739. Then the Turks gained its posses- sion, only to lase it tin y,,are later when the Auserime under Gen. Laudon, :carried it by aeaau,'.t a tt held •the citadel for four years, (1ie hundred and seven o•etu's ago the Sert-i+ans, having gained their inde- pendence, became masters -of Bel'• grade, but were forced to abandon it to the Turks eie years later, lin• til 1802 the Tut'kss kept troops ie the garrison'thers, tui the Servians were practdcally their own rulers.. The dual government + c ea:•i+ p^d much friction and in ,Tune. ere 3, the Turkish cumtuan.der hauiharel_,l the 'Servian quarter of the ''ty. As • a consequence 8.1 the .r-.: Cult, form years later diplomatic pres,uro wet: brought to bear aid the '1'nrki li garrison was w•it?ulravi ,r, Tlre,r 111• Lel; the tn„derrr B,1hc'tn vvri .•, din•, ing whielr B -!gra,'.' tt 1, Mite ae Of 111nehr armame'a", ,•i, r . and i1'ru'ut- tened sieges, 1)niehe II in sOti 111,. In 'a alt'1' to date. e - e glee' { t , end acres which t1r, lute been .shut off liy lirgi, mel ertic- nleuts, tubal i4 pre+ nrntt(;ij; tit=,� largeait wln011,111 In th-• tt,i'lai bi,: been lately' sat np at llar'lii,g'ee, lTnll'autd. It ie fifty fez 1 in ,11i'111rc tri', is :moan ted 011 ti !•t+•el le ger, and has steed. sail?, Senn, e•re is agar, ineer'nal ere:Meetio n a ugin't•® o'ere t•epimoong tee weesien ti`nldl•• milts of I1apllaa,d but lately the keel w:incbv.ili is lr.c'ine meg, meal sr ore en1ploye<i, tspe»iatle• for pumping.: g,...: •