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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1914-9-17, Page 6ANC FrITROYAi FAMILIES HAVE MACK AT STAKE IN THE PRESENT WAIL. The Hapsburgs, the Romanovs and Ilellenzolferns All VitaIIy Affected. The Emperor of Austria, the Ger- man Kaiser, the"Czar of the these are three of the men whom Pate has chosen for the most ter- rible game the world has seen. Hapsburg, Hohenzollern, Rom- anov-one, or two, perhaps all three of these ancient royal famil- ies must receive, during the period now upon us, a blow that will dim their glory. There are too rumb- lings of revolt against mile rulers. What, then, are these king -fam- ilies 1 In the first place, Francis Joseph is nota pure Hapsburg. He is descended from Haat house only in the female line, from Maria Theresa, who, late in the eigh- teenth century, married Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine. With that marriage the 'house of Haps- burg became extinct, the place be- ing taken by that of Hapsburg- E,orranne. But Francis Joseph has inherited many of the Hapsburg Chelan-boles- tics—the . Hapsburg jaw, the Haps- burg lip, and the Hapsburg misfor- tune, On the banks of the River Aar, near where it loses itself in the Rhine, there once stood a mighty pile of stone called Haibichtsburg, which means "Hawk's Castle." It was built in 1020 by Werner, Bishop of,Strassburg, and his bro- ther, Radbot, who founded the Ab- bey of Mura. Like many great men Werner and Radbot claimed a great ancestry, and they traced their descent through :Count Gun - tram back to noble knights in the courts of the Merovingians. Radbot's son, Werner, and his grandson, Otto, were called Counts of Hiebichtsburg, or Hapsburg, as the name came to be spelled. Hapsburgs Ruled Germany. Throughout the generations the Hapsburgs increased in strength and dignity, their real greatness being established in 1273, -when Ru- dolph ascended :the German throne. He won the Duchy of Austria in war and gave it to one of his sons. The nett great event in the his- tory of the race was the succession to the throne left empty by the death of Albert, Rudolph's son, of Henry of Luxemburg. It was this that inaugurated the bitter feud between the houses of Hapsburg and Luxemburg. a fend that to -day is by no means dead. The next Hapeburg King of Ger- many, er-many, Fre.deiie.k the Fair, had a short and troublesome reign. Chos- en successor to Henry of Luxem- burg by a minority of the electors In 1314, in 1322 he was conquered in battle and imprisoned by Louis of Wittlesbach. Duke of Bavaria, who reigned over Germany in his stead. The Hapsburgs did not again reach the German throne until ).438. Then Albert of Hapsburg in- herited from his father-in-law, King Sigismund, the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and was chosen and crowned King of Ger- many. This connection of the Hapsburgs with the German throne lasted un- til the dissolution of the Holy Ro- man Empire in 1806. They grew steadily in power, Charles V. was in respect to territory the greatest of the Hapsburgs German Emper- ors, ruling over the Netherlands, Spain, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily, Milan, Friesland, Utrecht, Gronin- gen, Gelderland, Franche-Comte, and part of Alsace, Bat the existing branch of the Hapsburgs does not descend from Charles V. It was hiss younger bro- ther, Ferdinand I., Who established that tragic family, the Austri,au Hapsburgs, In the 19th century the muah dis- cussed curse was uttered by Count- ess Karolyi atgaanet the reigning sovereign, Francis Joselh. The Hapsburg Curse. Driven to desperation by the stern suppression of the Hungar- ian revolutionists and by the death af her sane 'she palled down ven- geance on the young Emperor, say- rn"M,ay Heaven and Hell blast his happiness! May his family be ex- teranrnated I May lie be smitten in the persons of diose the loves 1 May his life he wrecked, and may his children be brought to ruin I" Many people dwell on what they believe to be the fulfillment of this earth. They pant to Austria's present position, facing with her one ally the hostile array of a large part of Europe. And they cite the assassinobion which preceded the wet and was its immediate cause, They" enumerate the other calami- tiee, that have overtaken the Haps- burgs' since the 1'farolyi curse and which were listed as follows by a Vienna neeespape.r at the time of the .essasei'nation of she Empress Elisabeth, •whicli itself was another of the great Hapsburg tragedies, On January 3Q41, 1899, town Prince Rudolph took his own:life in his hunting box at Meyerling. In May, 1897, Sophie, Duchess d'AiBn- oon, at one time the affianced bride of Ludwig IL of Bavaria, was burned to death in Paris. On June 19, 1867, stbe Emperor Maximillian of 'Mexico, the Em- press' brother-in-law, was shot by a firing party at Quaeretaro, His consort, the Belgian Princess Marie-Obarlotte, dost ,her reason, and has been for the last 30 years under restraint at the Chateau of Bouchut, Tragedy After Tragedy. Archduke William Francis Charles died in 1894 alt Baden, near Vienna, from injuries sustained through a ,Fall from hie horse. Arch- duke John of Tuscany, who had re- signed his rank and taken the name of John Orth, disappeared on the high seas off bhe coast of South America. King Ludwig II. of Ba- varia, the Empress' cousin, com- mitted suicide en June 13, 1886, in a fit off insanity. Count Ludwig of Trani, Prince of the two Sicilies, husband of Duch- ess Matilda, of Bavaria, a sister of the Empress, committed suicide at Zurich. Archduchess Matilda, daughter of Field Marshal Arch- duke Albert, was burned to death in her father's .palace as the result of a blazing log from the fire hav- ing set fire to her ball dress. Arch- duke Ladislas, son of the Archduke Joseph, came to grief wale hunting by an accidental discharge of his gun, The Hohenzollerns. The story of the Hahenzollerns is more cheerful. They take their name frome,a castle which stood upon the rill of Zollern, near Ho - hinges', on the borders of the Black Forest. The family gained -power rapidly, and in 1701 the Elector Frederick HI. became King of Prussia. The Elector's son, F•red- erick I., married his second cousin, Sophia Charlotte, daughter of So- phie the Great, Duchess of Bruns- wick. Her son, Frederick William T. of Prussia, was noted, as Macaulay says, for actions never before seen outside a madhouse. One of the most 'famous of his ex- ploits was the formation of (the Potsdam Guards, a company of giants gathered from all .the na- tions of Europe. This eccentric be- came the father of that 'mast dllus- trious of the Hohenzollerna, Fred- erick the Great. In 1871, Prussians and Germans being brought together by the crushing defeat of France, Ger- many became a united state. And on the 18th of January, 1871, King William VII. of Prussia was pro- claimed German Emperor. From that day to the accession of the present "War Lord" seems but a step. William L, as the new Em- peror was called, died in March, 1888. His son, Frederick III., sur- vived 'him by only four months. And Williams 11 ascended the throne, The Ronrinovs. Turning to the Romanoffs, or the Romanovs, as they are more cor- rectly called, this paradox is found —the family of the Czar, who re- presents absolutism to the world, gained the throne by popular elec- tion, The Romanovs had little associa- tion with the court of Russia 'be- fore the election of Milkhail iu 1613. In 1598 the ancient ruling line of Rivuk ended with the death of Czar Theodore I. For 12 years Russia seemed to be in the throes of dis- solution, and •Sweden and Poland disputed for the possession of the land. But on October 24, 1612, the Russians succeeded in driving out the Polish invaders. Immediately all classes of the population were invited to send freely elected delegates to Mos- cow to form a oonvention which should elect a native Czar. On February 21, 1613, largely because of the strong support he received from the common. people, Michael (to use the modern spelling) Theo- dorovitc'h Rom•anav was elected "Tsar-Goserdar of the Realm of Muscovy and Whole State of Rus- sia." . Thus did the Russian people of 1613 ordain, of their awn free will, that the Romanovs should rude over them. From the death of Peter the Great down to the succession of Nicholas III. in 1894 :the life of the Romanovs has been a tragic his- tory. Few reigns have been without desperate conspirators, and every Czar has eonetanitly before him the fear of death 'by assassination, like Paul I. Striotly speaking, the present dq'- naety should be termed not Ron'ianov lbub Oldenburg-Romanov, or Holstein -Go -Warp, for, like the Austrian Empire, Czar Nicholas deseends:from the female line. Finding the Leak. Mistress --Why have you put tiwo hot water 'bottles in my bed, Brid gest ' Bridgetrt Sttre, 1iem, one av therm was leaking, and I didn't know 'which, so I pulb both in to make sure. RUSSIANS GOOD FIGHTERS WILL MAKE TIMMS S H0,1' F Olt GERMANS IN EAST, Murk Has Been Learned by Russia Since the War With Japan. An Oxford graduate, who ab one time tutored young Prince Michael Obllenaky, son of the data }.'since of that name, is at present a resident of Toronto. "The rank and file of .the Russian army consists of two main divi- saone, soldiers and cossacks. The soldiers are recruited from peas- ants. The term `cossacks' embraces all these peoples who owe alleg- iance to the Russian Empire and who hold their land on feudal ten- ure—a cossack or his family own their land on condition that each male member who has atbained mili- tary age shall serve a certain per- iod in the Cossack army of Russia. A cossack himself considers himself to be a loyal eubject of the Tsar, and a citizen of the Empire, bub he would no more permit himself to be called a Russian than a Canadian would permit himself to be called an Englishman, "A cossack is always a mounted soldier. Without a horse he is lost. He is regarded by military experts as the finest light cavalry- man in the world, and his officers, some of whom are Russians, were shown to be the flower of the pro- fessional soldiery in the Russo- Japanese war. "Wild -cattle rangers from the plains of Kurdifistan, (horse -herd- ers from the banks of the Don and the Khirghiz Siteppea, mountain- eers from the Caucasus and Trans- baikal regions, •Siberian Cossacks and Cossacks from the Amur, their: discipline is characterized by the very Faults of their (best qualities. And their usefulness in the Russo- Japanest war was somewhat cur- tailed by their tendency to lawless- ness. But this has Ibsen greatly changed. I was in Russia only a year after the close of the war, and already, the Cossack regiments had been (brought into European Rus- sia and subjected to the severest discipline in military stations and garrison towns. Practical Fighting Machines. "To -day the Cossacks are a prac- tical fighting machine, and one of the finest forces of cavalry in the world. Of these, bbs European Cossacks are the pick. They are descendants of the Russian refu- gees, adventurers, and soldiers of fortune, who in the tihirteenth cen- tury sallied forth from the king- dom of Moscow and drove the in- vading Tartars from the land. Thereafter they settled on the banks of the Don and Dnieper, and oc- cupied all the re -conquered terri- tory. The Cossacks have never known serfdom like thou Russian brethren. Hence, their dauntless spirit, bold independence, vigorous and clear intelligence, "There are two Russian provellbs which throw some light on the standpoint from 'which the Cossaok is regarded by his compatriots. One is "The frog flies when %he Cossack sleeps," and the other, "The Cos- sack's brother is death." There is another child, however, of the "Little Father" who will have a yet surer title to the kinship of Death in this present war, and he is the fair-haired, grey -eyed peas- ant of north and middle Russia. There is an old fighting maxim that a good, big 'un is .always worth more than a good little 'un. In the war before us the •masses of the Russian peasantry entire eclipse in size -the Cossack hordes. We know the :Cossack can fight, :bub it is the stolid lfoujik of the line who will bear the 'brunt of the battle. "In the last war the Russian sol - dier•wes led by !badly disciplined of- - fioexs and the army diseipliuo was bad, But in the last six years the 'Russian War OMee has- devoted its attention unceasingly to the ques- tion of its officers, The latter groaned tinder the rigor of the new system. Drill, drill, and again drill, was the order of the day be- fore brealrcrost, where formerly the subalterns were wont to snore off the effects of a carouse, "A strict supervision is exercis- ed over an ofiiear's mess 'bills. Drunkenness, scandal, and inef- fieney are visited with dismissal, and the men who hold commissions in the Tsar's army to -day are a vastly different set to the sleepy, ignorant, self-indulgent officers who ordered, countermanded, and dis- ordered the campaign in Man- churia, Lacked Enthusiasm. "The Russian infantry in their last engagement lacked "morale" in that they lacked enthusiasm, and went like sheep to the slaughter. The Japanese troops were inspired with the morale of religious fer- vor. The Russians were heard to ask each other again and again why they had to fight the laps. Yet these Russian peasants ill -led with- out confidence, fought with the persistence of, Wellington's plough- boys alt Waterloo. All is changed now. The priest- hood of Russia have risen and fill- ed the souls of the peasantry with a paean of crusading fervor. The peasant regiments are marching preceded by a long -bearded priest bearing a cross. Their battle -cry is "The ,Serbs our 'brethren are in danger. Slays to the rescue I" "Tak Nyemetz, Tak zshid" (like German, like Jew) is a favorite Russian aphorism and expresses the Slav's hostility to his .heredit- ary and racial foe to the Teuton. There will be no lack of morale in this war. For your Russian peas- ant can thoroughly understand a religious campaign. A Russian peasant is half vodka and hall re- ligion. When he has no vodka he's all religion, and when he has vodka he's all vodka. In this case he will be all religion, :and a fearsome creature to meet. "The average Russian officer is tall, handsome, . florid, and well built, with intellectual brows, fine grey eyes, a weak mouth, and a commanding chin. He is cultivat- ed, well educated, and displays a tendency to shirk unpleasant phases of existence. The Russians are bhe most "British -looking" of all the other nations involved. They have more natural dignity and self- control.than either French or Ger- mans. "The Russian private is a solidly built, thick -set, heavy youth aver- aging 5 feet 8 inches in height. He has merry :blue eyes, high cheek bones, a short blunt nose, and a heavy -looking mouth and jaw. You see regiment after regiment of men such as these, dressed in khaki uni- forms with red shoulder straips bearing the regimental number, in every garrison town. "The Russian is naturally . en- dowed with a fair share of intelli- gence, and the transfonmaibion of the raw moujik into the trim, self- contained, mustachioed soldier of the police force lancl frontier towns is rapid and surprising. "These men in their millions, backed by Oossaoks in their tens of thousands, fired one and all with bhe spirit of a Pan -(Slavonic crusade are beginning to invade the Ger- man Empire. The Germans will find them no despioalble foe." A local band was one day playing in iSsootland•, When an 'old native 'came tap and asked the bandmaster what the .piece was they 'were ren- dering. "That's `The Deatft of Nelson,' " replied the bandmaster, "Aye, mon,' remarked the native, "ye has given him an awfu' death!" MAGI BAKI' Powt • 41-,_,N_�N k, 5 XON"' MAGIC We unhesitatingly recommend Magic Baking Powder as being the best, purest and .most healthful baking pow- der that it is possible to produce, CONTAINS NO ALUM All ingredients are plainly printed on the label. l IN,SilLL1TT CO.LTRD TORONTO, ONT. WINNIPEG -MONTREAL 4 ti i 7 i A BUCCANEER'S ATLAS, Remarkable Maps In a Sixteenth Cen- tury Volume. Surely it is a precious discovery to find that in 1540 a geographer—and an Italian at that, rejoicing in the name of Padovani—drew a map of Ireland, and wrote across the north of it the one word "Purgatorlo." Like other graveled cartographers dealing with parte beyond their ken, he had recourse to his imagination. Yet his choice of a name on this occasion an- ticipated stronger titles used, say at English cabinet meetings to -day, says the London Telegraph. Last week the remarkable atlas in which this map is contained was bought for Germany from Messrs. Quaritch, who, it will be recalled, sold Queen Mary of Scots' geography book to the late Mr. Pierpont Morgan some years ago, after it had been on loan at the British Museum for over twen- ty years. This Is none other than .Capt, Wil -1 Liam Hack's original "Buccaneer's At -I las," the sight of which is enough to tempt one to run away to sea. It was a labor of love, and drawn up by Hack in 1684, at the sign of Great Britain and Ireland, near Wapping New Stairs, from "a great book of sea charts and maps" of the coast of South America, taken from the Span- ish galleon the Rosario, when that redoubtable ruffian, Capt. Bartholo- mew Sharpe, captured and sank her. The tale of the Rosario is one of the most mortifying disappointments in the annals of chartered piracy. Sharpe and his beautiful band actually mis- took £150,000 worth of "pigs" of sil- ver for tin, and revenged themselves on the unhappy Spaniards. Persever- ing in their mighty blunder, they tools only one pig along with them after sinking the galleon. On proceeding to melt the "tin" down for •bullets they discovered their capital error, and a cinema scene of savage recrim- ination was enacted. However, Sharpe had the great book of maps, and on returning to Wapping asked his old crony, hack, to make an atlas for future use. Next he induced Hack to do a second copy, less graphical but more ornate, which he eventually presented to Charles II. This copy is now In the British Mu- seum among the Sloane manuscripts. But the original atlas was destined to continue its career of criminal ad- venture. Under the title of the "South Sea Waggoner," it became the property of that enterprising baud who ran the "South Sea Bubble" Com- pany, and was doubtless treated as a Bible -atlas by many thousands of be - gulled dupes. On Deo. 3, 1711, it was offered to one James Bateman, an official of this company, by William Hill, of Lin- coln's Inn, who explained that he de- sired to sell it on account of being "confined in the Poultry Comptor for a debt of £30," He described it as "a large, laborious, ornamentali guilt booke of mine with a redd cover, call- ed the 'South Sea Waggoner,' full of curious mapps and platts of ye South Sea, being ye long experiences of ye Famous Bucanere Capt. Barth. Sharpe, .ye said Hooke composed and depicted by one Capt. Wm. Hack, de- ceased, of whom, I, about 18 years agoe, purchased the said booke and paid him £10 for ye same. As I can make out upon oath. And by a re- ceipt in writing." The opportunity was too good to be missed, and the "Buccaneer's Atlas," under its more amiable title, was pur- chased for the company's use and stamped with its initials, "S, S. C." Capt Bartholomew Sharpe's trifling error over £150,000 worth of "pig" silver was avenged by his atlas. Those who were duped by it had the melan- choly satisfaction of seeing, when the bubble burst in 1721 the estates of the South Sea Company's directors, val- ued at £,014,000, seized and sold in part reparation. WAR DOGS. The Kind of Animal Suitable for the Present Conflict. iAt the present moment, no doubt, clogs will be playing their part in the war on the Continent as anibu- 1 lance dogs and as sentinels. Most people are of opinion that the blood - !hound is the moat adaptable for such work, but :this is a fallacy, al - I though the breed might be used in the production of an efficient war ' dog. Tike majority of bloodhoninds are of a timid and nervous tempera- ment, which would naturally be a severe handicap an the field of ac- tion, Moreover, they will not allow themselves to be hurried; if they are not given 'their own time when used in tracking they become re- fractory. Fo•r Red Cross work these traits of character are much against them. Itis surprising that the well- known English pointer has not been utilized in the making of an ambu- lance dog. He has long been ac- customed to firearms, and has all along been bred for scenting or nose work. The pointer has had much more attention paid to its scenting insbinctw than the much quoted bloodhound, and would un- doubtedly be invaluable in the find- ing of the wounded, A cross with the Airedale terries should pre - duce an ideal dog for such work, giving strength, stamina and intel- lect --a combination that should be susceptible to specialized training. The same remarks world apply to all the breeds of setters. The collie and Airedale cross would also pro- duce an intelligent clog, for there is no doubt that the collie, through long and close intercourse with man, has developed quite wonderful rea- soning pawera. Such dogs could be trained to do excellent work, either among the wounded, or in scatting, or as sentinels, 7. Nature's Patience. Nature never hurries; atom by atom, libble by little, she achieves her work. The lesson one learns in fishing; yruchting, hunting or plant- ing is the manner of Nature's pa- bienee with ithe delays of wind and sun, delays of rbhe seasons, bad wea- ther, excess or hack of water -pa- tience with:bhe slowness of our feet, with the parsimony of oar strength, with the largeness of eea and land we mueb traverse,' 'F FOOD FACTS What an M.D. Learned. A prominent Georgia physician wemt through a food experience which die melees public. "It was my- own experience that fust led me to advocate Grape -Nests food and I also- know, from having presoribed it to comvalesoents and other weak patients, that the food is a wonderful rebuilder and re- starer of nerve and brain, tissue, as well as muscle. It improvers the digestion, and sick patients gain very rapidly, just as I did in strength and weeg}ut. "I was in such at low state that T had to give up my work entirely; and went to the mountains of this spats, but two months there did not improve me; in fact, I was not quite as well as when I left home. "My food did not susbain rue, and it became plain that I must change. Then I began to use Grape -Nuts food, and in two weeks I could walk a mile without, fatigue, and in five weeks returned :to' my home and pra,ebice, taking up hard, 'work' again, Since that :time I have fele as. well and strong as I ever did in my life. `As a physician who seeks to help all sufferers; 1 consider ib a duty to make these facts public," Name given by Canadian Poabum Co,, Windsor, Ont, Trawl 10 drays of Grape -Nabs, when regular food does nob seem :to sus- tain the body, works wonders,, "There's a Reason," Look in pkgs, for the famous little book, 'The Read to Well - Ever read the above totter a now ono appears front tine to limo. They are genuine, frUo, and full o1 Human Interest. Anrericait Refugees Fleeing 1i'on1 the War Zone. • American refugees, with their baggage, ",aboard a hay wagon, making their way along the high road above Avricourb, 'a Peenoh village near Lunevillle, toward the railway station fet,, Embcnmenil,eight miles away, to oonmect with the Munich -:Paris express. They retched Emberanenil one-half hour before. all railway conpounioatien was beniparxerily suspended, and mimed' the fireie engagement of the war, of Letnevilie, by a few hears. This party was without food from early in the morning of August 1st until August 3rd. 1 SUICIDE EPIDEMIC it INDIA. lnereaved Price of husbands Said to be the ('apse. The Statesman of Calcutta prints the following paragraph: "It appears that quite a new spirit has arisen among the girl- hood af, the Bengali race, Bengal has of late witnessed with astonish- rtent olein to a feeling of reverence and admiration, a member' of cases of self-imanolatiou of tender Bengal girls," What this Hindu Writer thus complacently describes is in reality a cations epidemic of suicide, Ib began some weeks ago with the self- destruction of a girl named ,Snehal- ata, whose father was aboub to mortgage his property in order to pay the purchase price of a husband for her. The suns now demanded by the fathers of eligible boys in Bengal is ruinously high, The price of a Kay- asth who has .graduated may go up to 10,000 rupees (93,000); 3,000 ru- pees is quite a usual demand, and even a matriculate can command 500 rupees. The enhancement of rates is due to the law of supply and demand. Girls must ordinarily be married sbefors puberty, while. the increasing requirements of ed- ucation have led to the postpone- ment of the marriage of boys. There is thus a diminishing supply of hus- bands, whereas the demand is un- changed. The suicide of Snehalata, who poured kerosine oil over her cloth- ing and set herself on fire, provok- ed an outbursb of admiration among marriage reformers and the fathers of marriageable girls. The natural result is that other young girls have -followed th•e example of Snehalata, while it is common talk among school girls that when the time comes for their marriage they will sacrifice themselves in the same way. The mania has not confined itself to victims of the husband's dowry. The widow of a wealthy young jem- adar burned herself to death, leav- ing an orphan child. More recently, as the correspondent already men- tioned relates, we have had "the heroic sacrifice of yeb another ten- der Bengali girl at this little pro- saic railway town of Saidpur." The girl's husband died of small- pox. Six days later she saturated her clothing with kerosine and set it alight. The admiring chronicler is divided between two methods of accounting for the tragedy. On the one hand he ascribes it to her af- fection for her husband; on the other, he suggests that the girl, "though of tender years, realized but too truly what a lifelong widow- hood meant to her." d AUSTRALIA'S CAPITAL. Magnificent Buildings Will Ilo Erected at Canberra. Canberra, the new capital of the Australian Commonwealth, has nob been much in the public eye for in long time. The site, however, has been plansned and a start will soon be made with the Government buildings. Arohitects axe being in- vited to compete for the designing of the House of Parliament, which will face the Capitol .and foam, the principal oor•ner of a great triangu- la•r group of Departmental offices. The amount to be spent ultimately on the building will be limited to £1,000,000, but the structure to be erected in the meantime fon' imme- diate necessities will not Dost more than £200,000. Prizes of 22,000, £1,500, £1,060, and smaller sums are.being given for the bast designs. An rnten•nastional jury of areheteebs •will be appointed to judge the merits of the competing designs, and "all architects" may enter. In. the conditions emphasis is laid epee- the observance of cer- tain standards which will secure for the new city the characteristics+ of an imposing and monuenenbaleon- tee of Government, Me supreme building will be .the Capitol set upon a hill, and the soliemre for the laying out of the city, including the Parliament group, is to a large ex- tent governed by this do.mimaling feature, What-ilrltain-Is Fighting dor. Speaking at Alnwick, Northum- berland, England, on the 17th ult., Earl Grey said we were at war, and he did not suppose there was a soul in the country who did not reoeg- nate that the cause of the war was a just one. We were ab war fight- ing for the liberties of Europe and fighting for ,the independence of three small naitionalities. We weee fighting fer another principle just as sacred, namely, the maintenance of besaty obl,i'gations. German policy eeemred Ito be based upon the belief Ibluat might wase right. We believe �,hb.a might of justice and of t e pigfibed, word. We were &g1sth g or the miaaneenance of treaties, the £ounda'tlon of eiviliza- titin, the noblest cense for which a man could unsheath the sword. We were all prepared to see this war through. We should keep cool heads and not diminish employ- ment, but do all we could to 'in- creasc it.