HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1914-8-13, Page 6HOUNDING
THE CRIMINALS
Terrible Punishment for Even Youthful Prisoners
in Early Times
To secure as far as possible that blood spitting, and not only would
no one under the age of 21 years convicts horribly maim and retail -
should be found inside of a prison
through a Combination of probation,
super'vi'sion, and Borstal treatanent,
says London Tit -Bits.
That is one of the salient features
of the new crimes bill which Mr.
McKenna, the home 'secretary, is
piloting Brough parliament at the
Present time, This "most Christ-
ian crimes bill," as it has been
ate (themselves in all manner a
ghastly ways, but it is stated that
men would often inflict grave in-
juries on fellow prisoners upon the
latter's urgent supplice tion.
When, too. we remember thee she
greatest number of lashes it is now
possible to inflict upon a prisoner
is 38, ib is amazing to read that in
the early days of Queen Victoria's
termed, strikingly illustrates the reign local magistrates were sen -
progress we have made in modern
times in regard to the coneideration
and treatment of criminals. It
seems almost incredible, indeed,
that in the memory cf our grand -
/ethers, boys of from twelve to six -
keen years of age were whipped,
flogged, and herded together on
hulks, the floating prisons in the
Thames.
On these hulks young and old --
"criminals,
"cri'minals, lunatics, feeble-minded,
and outcasts of all kinds, were 000p -
ed up for periods generally varying
(between one and seven years," says
George Ives, in his striking book,
History of Penal Methods.
"About 1824 (according bo Mr.
Ives) they appear to have -placed
the boys on a specimi 'ship, 4he Biu-
• ryalus, and there the youngest 'vil-
lain,' was nine years old, some of
the boys, the inspectors reported,
'are so yoitng that they can hardly
put on their clothes.' "
Horrible, indeed, was the runish-
ments meted out eo young criminals
at the beginning of the last century.
"The gallows load was heavy; an
instance appeared in a Times para-
graph, January 18,1801, which tells
how a certain Andrew Branning, a
luckless urchin aged only thirteen,
bad 'broken into a house and oar-
ried off a spoon. Others were with
him, but they ran away, and only
he was captured and brought to
trial. His story ended in two 'words,
which were short and customary
'Guilty—death.' "
There was, however, even in the
days when the ,petty thief was tran-
sported for -fourteen years for steal-
ing a loaf, and both men and women
were flogged in public at the tail of
a cart and pilloried and ,branded
for minor offences, a certain humor
in the poetics punishments meted
out to dishonest.tradesmen.
Lancing prisoners to no fewer Mhan
300 lashes. One lad of only eight-
een •received this appalling sen-
tence, but after 76 lashes + had been
laid on the sufferer apparently col-
lapsed. He died some years after-
ward while serving a sentence in a
penitentiary.
Witohes and lunatics were also
subjeoted to terrible ereatment. The
imputation of sorcery was enough
for a death warrant, and it is esti-
mated that during the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries 30,000 alleged
witdhes were hounded to death in
this country.
There was no proper treatment or
humane treatment for lunatics,
even royalty -being flogged and ill-
treated while insane. And one of
the most amazing incidents in the
history of this country is the man-
ner in which Icing George III, was
treated when he became insane.
"His body was immediately in-
closed in a machine which left it no
liberty of motion. He inc some-
times chained to a stable. He was
frequently beaten and starved, and
at last kept in subjection by menac-
ing and violent language,: . . All
hie troubles were intensified by
ill-treatment. They left ,him to be
knocked about by a German ser-
vant, and bhe first doctors kept him
even from his own children. .
hush was the orthodox treatment in
those days app'
lied against the high -
eat in the land."
SORROWS OF LIFE.
"For instance, a baker, who
cold loaves which were short of
weight, was shown with the bread
tied round his neck. A fishmonger,
who' had been selling' had fish, was
paraded with a collar of stinking
smelts slung over his shoulder. A
grocer who .had been selling much
adulterated spices was . placed in
the pillory and had the powders
burned beneatk.'his nose."
Reference might also .be made to
bhe trial by ordeal in the old days.
There was the consecrated barley
cake which was •supposed to choke
a perjurer if he tried to swallow it.
A hest tried with .hot water, in which
a stone had to be pinked out of boil-
ing liquid without the arm ,being
scalded. Another test consisted of
inserting the hand into a glove or
hot iron without being burned by
it.
The horrors of theleranaportation
system were ,almost as bad as ilhe
terrible punishments of medieval
times, and Mr. Ives relates how sit
each and all of the penal settle-
ments in Australia and New Zea-
land the prisoners committed de-
sperate assaults, often upon each
etcher by prearrangement. "from
absolute weariness of their lives,"
in order to get away from those
dreadful places, if only as witnes-
nes, or even as persons accused of
murder.
"At Macquaire Harbor, on one
occasion, three prisoners tossed;
one was to be slain, another was to
strike the fatal blow, the third was
to the a witness of the planned
deed; so they would get a respite—
s grim 'holiday.' At Port Arthur
one man murdered his own parbiou-
lar friend and companion, that both
might get free from it,"
Convicts in bhose days were not
even allowed to sleep properly, and
after working on the road and in
quarries for ten or twelve hours in
chains, whicli weighed from six to
seven and sometimes nine pounds,
they were herded together in parties
of twenty in four strong boxes or
shanties built of thick timber.
"So emall was the cubic area of
these places that the inmates could
• not all stand or sit ,together at the
smite time unless with their legs at
right angles to their bodies; often
the width of floor on which each
conid lie was only eighteen inches
per•prisoner."
Even in this country as late as the
70's, the life inour prisons was 80
bad that to gain admission to the
itjfirmary, which was .well named
"the,jail :paradiise, convicts mote
-
ed et desperate de -
Vices,.
1c11
Irritating colored matter, molt
as bits of wee or stitches (from u
ettrieent, were, often introduced be-
melee•'flhe` akin to set upartificial
sores, Poivdeted glass wee Wine -
times sws lowed arc as to brilig en
It Is Useless and Irrational to
From Them.
Every one has his Gethsemane. Per-
haps it may be the most vital, the
most precious part of his experience,
to which all life hitherto
has
an introduction. There are been some
mly be se-
cured byalterations
suffe ing, becausensuffering
is ke fiery becomes heat,
just
enough
ironto mould,
so the character or disposition or soul
becomes soft enough to be reshaped;
for there are certain moral states, and
those by no means in the worst peo-
ple, thatresembles deformity, the
blindness of.. insensibility to spiritual.
truths if not to spiritual fact alto-
Shirk
IIIST.012ICAL ACROSTIC.
Present War ltecells First.Siege of
Belgrade by Austrians.
The news from Belgrade recalls
one of the most famous alliterative
poems in the English language, The
aubheriship of the poem is clothed
in doubt, but it is believed to have
been written by Alexia, A. Watts,
Jr., the subject being the siege of
Belgrade by the Austrians, during
She war ,between that eountry and
Turkey. •
As will. be seen, the initial letters
of each line form the letter of the
alphabet in proper sequence, in a
sort of acrostic, Hundreds of other
famous alliterative poems have
since been modeled on this muster-
- It is as follows :—
An Austrian army, awfully arrayed,
Bel-
grade
battery, besieged
ba
Kell,, �by Y,
grade;
'Cossack commanders cannonading
come,
Dealing destruction's
doom;
Every endeavor engineers essay
For fame, for fortune, forming fur-
ious fray;
Gaunt gunners grapple, giving
gashes good;
Heaves 'high his head heroic hardi-
hood;
Ibrahim, Islam, Ismail, imps in ill,
Jostle John, Jarovitz, Jem, Joe,
Jack, Jill.
Kick kindling Kutosoff, king's kins-
men kill,
Labor low 'levels, longest, loftiest
lines;
Men marched 'mid moles, 'mid
mounds; 'mid murderous mines.
nature nods.
Opposed, opposing, overcoming
odds.
Poor peasants, partly purchased,
partly pressed,
Quite quaking, quarter, quarter
quickly quest.
Reasons return, recalls, redundant
rage,
Saves sinking soldiers, softens •seig-
nors•sage.
Truce, Turkey, truce, truce, treadh-
erous Tartars train I
Unwise. unjust, unmerciful Uk-
raine I
Vanish, vile vengeance I Vanish,
victory vain 1
Wisdom walls war—walls warring
words. What were.
Xerxes, Xantippe, Ximenes, Xav-
ier'?
av-
ier 1
Yet Yassy's youth, ye yield your
youthful yest,
Zealously Zarius, zealously zeal's'
zest.
everlasting
gather, which is found insome admtr•.
able characters. Sorrow, like all.
thugs it, sinks inthas o sadness, then Bus rhythm; it d-.
away,.
darty, with .gathered strength, it re.
turns and overwhelms us like a flood.
What a pity we cannot preserve the.
sweet'and:supple temper developed be
heartrpfercling.sorrow, or even its ap-
proach. If it is separation that looms:
before us, what are we not ready to
accept, to welcome, from our dearest.
Their very buffets in the shadow of
this fear are a happiness. A thou-
sandth
housandth part of the devotion they in-
spire then might carry us ' smoothly
through the frictions of daily life.—
Evelyn March Phillips.
SOME TOTTERING THRONES
"UNEASY LIES THE HEAD THAT
WEARS A CROWN."
Many of the World's Rulers Literally
Carry Their Lives in Their
Hands.
"George V. is the only monarch," a
high official of the French police said
lately, "for whose visits we prepare
without uneasiness,'
This fine tribute to the affection in
which our King is held, and also to the
security of the British throne, is one
of which we may well be proud. The
recent assassination of Austria's pros-
pective ruler reminds us once more
that Europe is seething with anarchy,
says London Answers.
Take a brief survey of recent years.
They reveal this grim truth. No fewer
been
than eight European rulers have h �
the victims of assassination, In 19
King Carlos and the Crown Prince of
Portugal were done to death; three
years earlier the assassins claimed the
Grand Duke Sergtus of Russia; and
other victims include King Alexander
and the Queen of Servia, King Hum-
bert of Italy, the Empress of Austria,
Nasr-ed-din, Shah of Persia, Alexander
II. of Russia, and Abdul bdul Aziz, Sultan
of Turkey.
Unwelcome Wedding Gift.
But the shadows of past tragedies
are very different from the shadows of
tragedies which etill hang in the bal-
ance. It is when death threatens the
still living that our greatest sympa-
thies are aroused. Everyone will re-
member the wedding gift of a bomb
to a bouquet which the present King
of Spain received on his marriage. day.
A hundred people were killed or in-
aumed miracle that the King the bomb, and ries aped.t was by
It would be impossible to name all
the attempts which have been made to
assassinate the Tear of Russia. The
Russian Anarchist has developed his
calling into the finest art, and his pa-
tience and persistence show the inten-
sity of his purpose.
Here to one example of the extra-
ordinary precautions which are taken
to safeguard the Tsar's life. When an
important journey is afoot, three
trains, exactly similar, stand in the
station for three days previous to the
start. No one knows in which' train
the Tsar will travel, and the trains
start off at intervals of a few minutes.
Passing large stations, they draw
level, and during the journey the Tsar
frequently changes from one train to
another.
. MoS-r
DREADED DISEASE. .
There Is Unnecessary Cruelty In
Treatment of Leprosy.
Dread and horror of leprosy are
centuries old. Old Hebrew laws
against it are impressed on our minds
by touching incidents in the life of
Jeans, and the Bible stories convey
the idea that leprosy is the moat -loath-
some of diseases. It is usually mutt'
lating and disfiguring, but no more so
than come foams of cancer, In early
stages it so so far from loathsome
that it is often supposed to be. some
harmless skin disease, until the pa•
tient comes into the hands, of a spa -
Mallet Sometimes the specialist de-
cides that the only merciful thing to
do is to keep the diagnosis a secret,
for he knows the cruel fate which •is
in store for a leper at the hands of the
public.
Every now and then we are shocked
to read in the papers a report from
some part of the country telling- of
the discovery of a leper and of the
extraordinary meanstaken by the
communityto protect itself against
contagion.. Sometimes a lonely cabin
is selected, and the patient put there
to pass his lite in solitary confine-
ment, seeing no one but the man who
brings him food, who deposits it at a
distance and hurries away for fear
of breathing the infected air. More
than one such victim of popular ignor-
ance has killed himself rather than
endure lite under these circumstances.
Yet, if somebody with more pity or
intelligence than the general public
undertakes to care for a leper he runs
the risk of sharing his patient's ostra-
cism. A few months ago the Chi-
cago papers were full of the story of
a young woman who had been nurse
in a leper hospital, had tried to come
back to ordinary life, and found to her
dismay that she was an object of fear
to everyone, and that there was no
course open to her but a return to the
lepers.
Leprosy is not highly contagious;
it is not carried in the air; in most
cases there has been close contact
with a leper over a long period of time
before the infection was acquired, and
even then infection could have been
prevented. A recent bulletin of the
Public health service contains a report
of a series of studies made in Molo-
kai, an island of the Hawaiian group,
Which has long been esed as a leper
colony. Rev. Mr. Damien first made
it famous. Now it 1s under the con•
trot of our public Health service, which
Maintains physicians and laboratories
there so that the lepers are given the
best of medical care.. At the same
time they are allowed toi live as ordi-
nary human beings, with their r hus-
bands or wives and their children, so
that there fa no isolation, no pest•
hotiee systein,
r.—
A desirable thing to know is how
best to .sweeten the bitters of life
with mirth.
Way ward Traveller ---Pardon, but
what do you have your ' mattresses
stuffed with1 Tavernkceper---With
the best straw in the hull coulltty„
b goah 1 Wayward Traveller—Now,
that acoodnes for it! I knew where
the Artie came .from that broke the
of/Mel'>l ,back 1
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.
Hope is the dream you have when
awake.
Continual cheerfulness is a manifest
sign of wisdom.
Creditors and poor relations always
show up at the wrong time.
Yet a man may not be lazy because
he tries to do things the easiest way.
When the average man succeeds in
raising the wind he begins to blow
about it.
A man's faith in his judgment 'gets
a rebuke every time he steps up a
step that can't there.
Lots of men walk miles to hear a
political speech who wouldn't walls a
block to hear a sermon.
When the wind propels a straw hat
it is chased, but the remarks of the
owner are nothing that even sounds
like that.
One might just as well attempt to
rearrange the colors of the rainbow aa
to undertake the reformation of one's
neighbors.
4'
Good Advice.
The we'll -known English physi-
cian Dr. Leader, was in his youth
notoriously wild—and as clever as
he was unruly.
One day the schoolmaster kept
young Lestler after school, and
talked long and earnestly upon the
enter of his ways. The lad showed
little interest, and at last the mas-
ter said, sternly, "Young man, I
shall send a note to your father,
and have hien call and see me,
"Oh, don't do that, said the
boy.
But the master repeated Yes, I
will, Your father shall come and
cite xne to -morrow."
"1 advise you hot to,"
replied.
the mischievous youth.
"But why noel" asked the teach-
er.
"Because my father charges five
shillings for a visit," Young Leat-
her! father Vasa physician.
DEEP-SEATED ANIMOSITIES
iiON'U7NEGlb1i1 WRITES ABOUT
THE BALICF;NS.
The Situation Likened to That
a Voleano With Three
Craters.
"Threo Balkan Storm Centres"
is the title of an unusually timely
article in the American Review of
Reviews, It is made more import-
ant from the circumstance that the
author is Dr. Ivan Yovitchevitch,
of the High Court of Control of
Montenegro. }Ie is a high official
of one of the Slav countries that is
counted upon to ally itself with
Servia in the present war, and a
near relative of King Nloholas. Dr.
Yovitehevitch is recognized not only
gut abroad,
as
country, b
in his own co y,,
a distinguished jurist and financier,
and has been decorated by the
French Academy. While his state-
ment is naturally a partisan one, it
is so rarely indeed, that any inhab-
itant of the Balkans arises who is
competent to make a statement of
any sort that is understood by the
English-speaking people that his ut-
terance is an extremely interesting
one. It gives an idea of the deep-
seated animosities that have been
let loose in the Balkans by Austria's
declaration of war.
A. Volcano of Three Craters.
He likens the situation in the
Balkans to that of a volcano with
three craters, any one likely to
break out independently of the
others, and cover the country with
ruins. What he says about the
second crater is worth quoting in
full at the present time.
"It is the very great .animosity,"
says Dr. Yovitchevitch, "which ex-
ists between Austria-Hungary on
-the 'one hand, and, on the other
hand, the Servian people living
within that empire and in the two
free kingdoms of Servia and Mon-
tenegro. This bitterness of feeling
dates from far back. • It has been
deepening day by day since the
Treaty of Berlin, when Austria-
Hungary really took over the Serb
provinces of Bosnia and Herzegov-
ina— drenehed by Servian blood in
the terrible wars of 1878-7 against
the Ottoman Empire—although
these provinces' were not actually
annexed by Austria-Hungary until
1808. All Serbs from the diplomats
to the peasants, are well aware of
the anti-Servian policy of Austria-
Hungary which has taken for its
motto "divide et imperil," and
which hes always worked toward the
separation of Servia and Montene-
gro and the disentegration of the
Slavic elements in Austria -Hungry
viz. the Orthodox Serbs and the
Mohammedan Serbs; the Catholic
Croatians from the -Orthodox Serbs,
etc., etc. This policy of separatipg
the homogeneous elementshas had
as its object the annihilation of the
Slavic 'peoples and ,the extension
of the Austrian Empiretothe Aege-
an Sea through the- seizure of Sal-
onfca.
Austria's Plans Miscarry.
Of
Fair and False!
Once, however, the Anarchists suc-
ceeded in evading the nce of the
sentries who always guard dthe tracks
on these occasions, and ` threw big
boulders on the line. But the Tear's
train had already gone by!
• Another time an attempt was made
through one of the guards whose duty
it is to watch outside the Tsar's bed-
room every night. An attractive Rua -
plan girl, using her beauty as a batt,
caused the Cossack to fall in love •with
her. Then, having enlisted his sympa-
thies, she asked him to assassinate
the . Tsar and Tsarina by placing in.
Perna) machines, as sari- as watches,
but of tremendous power under their
beds. Duty recede `love ..however;
in the Cosaek's breaa ,a d„lie inform-
ed the head of the guards on the very
night in April selected for the crime..
Over twenty arrests were made, but
the girl escaped.
WW({ 131011,( C,I111110 NI 1 0141.10111
The Kaiser's Escape.
Anarchism has always been associ-
ated with Russia, but it may surprise
some to learn that the German Emper-
or—Europe's "strong inan"—has also
been the subject of attacks. Just pre-
vious to a visit of the Kaiser to Ur-
villa Castle, in Lorraine, -. five men
were detected burying dynamite in
the park. They turned out to be dam.
gerous Anarchists, and another tra-
gedy was averted.
Probably more attempts on the Kai-
ser's. life have occurred than are
known. Official •instructions not to
publish details of the above plot were
issued at the time, and this suggests
the existence of further instances, the
details of which have not leaked out.
Italy is another monarchy which in-
volves its ruler in constant danger,
The late King Humbert was assassi-
nated. His son, now on the throne,
has nearly lost his life, both before
and since his coronation. Two years
ago he was attacked while driving to
the at the Royal carA man riage, ed Dalba
and
sprang
fired at KingEmmanuel with a
Browning. He missed his mark, but
wounded an officer in the neck, and it
was only with the greatest difficulty
that the police rescued him from the
hands of the crowd.
Surely It is only the unthinking man
who envies kings!
into flame it is not necessary to
follow the author into the argu-
ments that show the probability of
either of the other two causing
destruction. A few weeks ago it
was thought that the first crater,
in other words, the relations be-
tween the Greeks and the Turks,
was most likely to overflow. Dr..
Yovitchevitch naturally espouses
the cause of the Greeks, and points
out that the policy of the Turks is
to make life intolerable for the
Greeks living in Asiatic Turkey.
Something might be said, on the
other band, of the policy of the
Greeks to make life impossible for
the Mohammedans living in the
country which has recently come
under Greek control. The third
crater is constituted by the Alban-
ian question. Here the Mohamme-
dans might well be expected to es-
pouse the cause of Servia, since they
are opposed to William of Wied,
and this Prince is accused by the
author of being a mere tool of Aus-
trian aggression. It is to be re-
gretted that the present war is
not likely to settle both the other
questions that have in them the
,.germs of a second and a third
struggle. It'would appear that as
man is born to trouble and Mexico
to revolutions, the Balkan • States
are • born' to war, . and upon elle.
Stormy' horizon there is nothing'that
promises to give the territory per-
manent peace.
BE SORE TO KILL THAT FLY.
EXPERT GIVES 5018111 ADVICE
ON SIMMER PESTS,
Says It Is One of the Rost Deadly
Enemies We Ifeve to Con.
tend Wlt.h,
The Army stationed at Aldershot
recently, received orders to kill,
every possible fly on all occasions.
A good many people were inclined
bo sooff and to talk about "grand-
motherly" regulations. Ib seemed
redioulous that soldiers, whose busi-
mess is to fight the Empire's battles,
should occupy their time in "swat-
ing" flies, says • a medical expert
in London Answers.
The scoffers may be surprised to
learn that the harmless -looking fly
is one of the most deadly enemies
we possess, According to avery
eminent authority flies have been
responsible for the death of more
human beings than all the armies
of the world.
Flies are Nature's champion
spreaders of disease. If you were to
examine a fly's legs through a suffi-
ciently powerful microscope you
would see a good deal of decayed
animal and vegetable matter and
millions of ugly wriggling things,
more repulsive looking than the
worst nightmare monsters.
They are. disease_ germs which the
fly has picked up 'in' the course of
,its travels. Diphtheria, enteric, ty-
phoid, scarlet fever, diarrhoea, in-
fluenza, and many other diseases
are doubtless resting on the legs of
the fly which may be worrying you
even now as you read this article.
The Germ Bringer.
"The Balkan Wars, however,
played havoo with the working out
of the Austrian plan. Then the very
versatile Austrian diplomacy sought
other means to prevent Servia and
Montenegro from becoming great
and powerful, and determined to
find somehow or other it new pre-
text for meddling in Balkan affairs.
This the Austrians achieved at the
confedence in London, when they
succeeded in creating the principal-
ity of Albania„ The London con-
ference was, therefore, a second
Congress of Berlin to the Servian
people, thanks to the machin-
ations of Austrian diplomacy. The
principality of Albania, with its
soil strewn with the bodies of brave
Servian and Montenegrin soldiers,
was enatehed from the Serbs. And
so the Serbs, conscious of the anti -
Serb policy of Austria-Hungary,
feel and justify, a very great hatred
for the Austrian monarchy, and .a
desire, even stronger, for terrible
vengence.
EARTH•SHINE ON THE MOON.
Light From Sun At Timen Reflected
13y Disk of the Moon,
When the sun has disappeared be.
neath .the horizon, and we no longer
receive its rays direct. It also hap-
pens that itslight continues to reach
us, indirectly and feebly, refleeted'by
the whole or part of the disk ftoe
moon. Inversely, when a portion
the lunar disk is not illuminated di-
rectly by the sun, it happens that it is
feebly illuminated by the earth -shin
that is to say, by the reflection that
those Ordains of the terrestrial sur-
face which are at that moment ex-
posed to the sun. Mr. F> W. Very has
endeavored to 'determine the bright-
ness.: of the light received in this way
by the moon, and has measured the rite
tensity er this light compared with the
intensity of those parts of 1115 fur
disk which are illuminated directly by
the sun The result is that the earth -
shine on the moon is about 1,600
times feebler than the inean bright -
nese oft Portions P ortions ilhimfnated by
the sun a little before the first guar,
ter.
Assassination Inspired.
"The assassination of the Crown
Prince and Princess of Austria at
Sarajevo was nothing but :an ex-
pression of this hatred, a hatred
deeply rooted in the patriotic and
inflamed souls of the two young
men who committed the regrettable
act. Moreover, the Crown Prince
Ferdinand was considered to be
the most ruthless enemy of the Serb
race. But Austrian diplomacy has
found in his assassination a propi-
tious occasion to throw discord be-
tween the Orthodox and Moham-
medan Serbs in Bosnia and Herze-
govina and between the Serbs and
the Croatians. The "Balplatz" (the
Austrian Foreign Office in Vienna)
will also try to inculpate the two
Serb capitals, Belgrade and Cel-,
tinje. But I am convinced that,
neither the one nor the other had
anything to do with the assassinae
tion at Sarajevo. This deplorable
event cannot fail to further om<
bitter the feeling between Austria-
Hungary -and the Serb K.ingclores,
and the day does not appear to be
far' off when relations will be cmn-.
pletely severed. ° Husain, perceives
the dangerous situation and is has -
DIVORCE FOR THE POOR.
Made Possible by a New Order in
England..
Every time he alights on your
head he leaves a few germs. Pre-
sently he will crawl over your food
and leave some more germs for you
to eat. Perhaps' he will drown him-
self in your milk jug. That will
suit the germs because they breed
quicker in milk than in any other
medium.
If you are in good health you may
not come to much harm. A few
million germs won't make much diff-
erence. But if you are run down
and out -of -sorts you may not be
able to beat off the attack of the
germs.
Ib is to children that flies are
most dangerous. Whenever there
is an extra, number,ef flies the in
fantile mortality always becomes
abnormal. In 1906 there was a
plague of, flies in August and Sep-
tember, and 2,588 children, under
the age of a year, died of disease
carried by flies in a certain Lon -
'don borough. In 1907 there was no
plague of flies, and the number of ,
deaths dropped to 358 for the eor-
responding period.
.0na of the reasons why there is
'less infantile disease, comparatively
!'speaking;- in the large tows. than ee
in the country is because =there are. `
fewer flies. The :pigsties,' cowsheds,
stables, refuse heaps, and suchlike_.
"delights" of the eountry breed
ninety per Cent. of the:flies in the
whole kingdom.
At last divorce is possible to dhe
poor man, that is to say action for
divorce, but, of course, the first
country to make it possible to the
poor man is the one where -it-
is.hardest tto get. In England anew
order has been ,brouglht in whereby
persons can bring or defend- an ac-
tion in the courts without. 'any
means•whatsoever. It is merely ne-
cessary for the litigant to satisfy
the judge that he or she has suf-
ficient grounds for taking or defend-
ing action and that he or she is not
worth £50, which is increased to
£100 under special circumstances,
and the case is heard. Already.
some 300 'barristers and 400 solicit-
ors have made application to place
their names on the .roll of those
prepared to take cases without fees,
and 1,200 applications are on hand
to give these 700 men cases. Of these
applications for hearings 400 are fbr
divorce, so that in England at least
the old contention .that divorce WAS
only for the rich must go by the
board.
tering the construction of her stmt.
e gic railways and the reorgeniza-
tion of her airmy.r,
Other Wars Pending,
Since thin third Ogee has bursa
CALGARY OIL FIELDS
FREE MARKET LETTER.
Commercial Quantities of i,igh•
grade oil in a ns -oven field and tre-
meadows development now under
Ivey, makes Calgary' the Wont gre01 ;
fortune -making centro: Bankers
and business anon Prom all Quarters
of the world aro sending capital
heroto take :advantage of the won-
derful opportunities.
Wo aro not promoters tied to ora
isropostbion, and blinded by pre-
.tudie°, but aro free and indopend-
ons to recommend or condemn the
yya'rfond licorice according to our best
judgment
Boonuee of our large oxiie_rionool
and thorough knowledge of condi.
Mono, our reeommen adeps alio
eagerly soa,or,
Pile 011 Baroneught' ftof lo-dny are the
oarl'y lnvostord in new oil fl.elde.
'The opportunitq,le hors 1.15bt how,
during the devo opmont period, for
both meal, end large !nvsytons,
Write rt edav for map of tits dIB•
!riot, and our market looter—ti e
anthortty on Calgary otoeke—BOI'If
HARLAN & coMPANY,
Herald Building, Calgary, Alta.
Join The Crusade.
Last year I attended a man who
was seriously ill. It was in Septem-
ber, and the man's house was next
to a livery and bait stables,
Thereis always a nuisance from
flies in the neighborhood of stables.
Flies` got, into the. sick room. They
buzzed distractingly, -and, in' spite
of every. precaution, -persisted ; in
settling- on -the patient's head and
hands, Naturally •they worried
him; worry brought a high temper-
ature, and he died. I em confident
that that man would be alive to -day
if he had not lived next demi' 'to
those stables.
For the sake of our ,personal earn -
forts, our own and in particular
our children's lives, it is our duty ,
to "kill that fly I"
Keep your rooms clean, cool, and
dry. Keep all food in a cool,, dark
pantry, and place covers over it if
necessary. See- that the lids of
your dustbins aro always on tight,
and do not allow rubbish to collect
in your gardens.
And whenever you see a fly, have
no mercy, but kill it, Remember
that every fly is your enemy, If
you don't kill him he'll do his best
eo kill you, although he looks so
harmless and insignificant.
Asa sport fly "swatting" may not
be so exciting as fox "hunting, but
it is a thousand times more use-
Eta.
a
SWALLOWED 78 PILLS A DAY.
And William Jessup Managed to Live
Sixty-six Years.
Sir Thomas Beecham, the wealthiest
of the new baronets, would be even
Wealthier if there Were more men like
Wiitlliain .Iessun, Who in 1816 was.
sued by 1119 apothecary for: his bill.
Jessup was one who emeltatieetly did
not take Shakespeare's advice, "Throw
physic to the dogs; I'll none of 11." 10
the course of the action it was prevail
that between 1751 and 1816 Jessup
had consumed 266,984 pills, During
the five years preceding the action he
had averaged seventy-eight pills a Clay,
and in 1814 he swallowed no- fewer
than 51,590., Notwithstanding this and
the addition of 40,000 bottles of medi-
cine, Jessuplivedinto his ;Itxtyrrlxth
year,
I[1
t -
'41,P