The Brussels Post, 1914-8-13, Page 3Hints for the fIome
With Potatoes.
Boiled Potato.—There is a great
loris of 'food 'material if ,pul'aitaesare
Pat to boil in cold water j boiling
lightly salted mister Should be used.
The loss is, greate;h in any carie if
they •are peened dust, and when :this
1s done only Ibbs thinnest peelshould
be taken off, for the potato is wa-
tery ,e,t the centre, and its ,food con-
tent is more and more concentrated
on 'tire 'outside from that point. Ten
per:cenlb. its commonly waeted in the
paring, and this waste may go
Much higdier, Ilaiw ,potatoes- con-
tain 78 per sent. of water, in •wbidh
are some df its flood constituents in
Solution, and no moose of this should
be lost in the cooking:ehau is abso-
lutely necessary,
The boiled potato should be thor-
oughly dried before it is sieved or
riced or mashed. This was best
done in the old fashioned iron ket-
tles, after the water was drained
off, but may be done in e .thick bot -
tented iron frying pan .better than
in our thin 'bottomed kettles of .to-
day,
Ars boiling is .bhe preliminary for
a large nuanber o!f potato prepara-
tions, much depends upon its•being
done •well. I,f .put through ,aricer
• atter' being'• well dried ' and served
hot, with Salt only or with a little
milk, it may be difficult Ito tell the
difference. This is .the lightest avay
of preparing potato and the lighter
the less seasoning is required and
the more digestible it is. A similar
effect may be seamed by rubbing
the potato through a frying basket,
but .this de more trouble.
It is pretty well agreed :that mash-
ed potato seasoned nvi.th .butter is
the least digestible of the modes of
preparing boiled ,potatoes, but ,the
potato array be put through a sieve
and be made smooth and handsome
without seasoning, if it is :to be
molded or manipulated in any way,
but'salllte•d lightly and spread out
thin without these it anay be rut in
all sorts of shapes. These shapes
may be put in a buttered pan,
brushed over with egg, ,put into a
hot oven for seven or eight months,
and used Lor all! soifbs of pretty gar-
nishings.
Baked Potato. --A• fine potato,
well baked, is one of the present
day favorites in many of •the most
expensive places to ealt. There are
a great number of "best ways," of
baking potatoes, but they all have
one feature, some of !the waster of
the potato' has a chance .to evapor-
ate. It oann•ot do ,this if the skin is
burned or baked hard. If some of
the water cannot evaporate the
flesh becomes dark and heavy.
Large potatoes are baked in pa-
per, wlhieh -daolkls ,true •-mois'ture. es-
caping and bo:khepingithe skin soft,
but even soa shit or two may be
made in IthiVslcin to :facilitate evap-
oration, or is spoonful of water put
in with the ,potato. Another way is
to prick the potato half a dozen
times with a two-pronged fork .bes
fore putting it in Ito bake. The oven
must net Ibe too hot in any ease, and
in most oases it is. Potatoes may.
be peeled and then baked in a
greased beg, perhaps with some ba-
con: The oven will have ;to Ibe ra-
ther hat to give them a fine brown
coat,
•Cdld baked potato sub up in crrlbes.
and .warnioll up in pure cream as
One of the deiec'table dishes of the
real epitome, Hot 'baked ,potatoes
are most wholesome when eaten
with .a !!:uric salt and milk or cream.
. The Potato Baskct.—The, most
elegant way of serving the potatoes
up 'thus is in the potato basket, in
which also xray be served peas or
dither vegetables. There its a special
utensil made for 'this work, :but ,the
basket is never so handsome when
made in at es when two ralllher deep
wire ludlee, one 'larger than the
other, are used. Pare and dry ,the
potatoes, slice them thin, and 'then
out these •slice's into smell matches,
leaving 'the m•altrhes as long as pos-
sible. Line the larger ladle with
a.layer of these, ,push :the smaller
one into it, and fill in any spaces
with the potato matches, making it
resemble a nest. A. rough, uneven
ugly :top is anything but attractive.
When ready dip into the bob frying
fat. The ladles should have long
handles, .asthere is a good deal of
bubbling whenthis comtbinaition is
dipped in. The :fat should be hot,
but the gas may be immediately
turned out, jest as .soon as cook-
ing has gone on farenough for the
potato matches .tosadhere, 'bake owe
the inner ladleand'pour the basket
ante the fat, bottom side up, to cook
a little .longer. Take sub,• fill with
the puffed potatoes piled higih, and
seeve,
Hints for the Moine.
A paint broth will ,get dust out of
oracles notch better than a duster.
When filling gem pans with bat-
ter leave one of the sups empty and
. then fill it with water. The gems
tv%l11 not geo'rch,
'The'creaking of a door can be
stopped at once Iby rubbing the
hinge with a piece of soap or with
the lead of a black pencil,
'Pilo boiled •salad dressing will he first bite is allowed..
lighter if it is beaten bard with an
egg !beater im'medi'ately on being
taken from the •above.
To free the hands from disagree-
able odors eush ae that of .onions,
sod -laver oil, ebo„ mix a little
ground dry mustard with ,warm we,
Ler and wash the hands well with
ib.
stein of a' boiled e.gig, moisten-
ed and ,applied to a' boil, will cause
suppur'a'tion- and se'lieve sureness 'a
a few hours. It is an excellent ap-
plication for a sty or inflamed eye-
lids.
When carpets are lifted and beat-
en it is a good plan to day several
thicknesses of newspaper under-
neath either in place of or :above
felt paper. The printers' ink is a
splendid moth preventive.
When using deep fat for frying,
do not drop in 'the oroquets or other
food .sbuff till a blue smoke comes
from the 'fait; otherwise the !food
will be fait -soaked. It is wase to
test the fat with a piece of bread
first.
The water that ries is cooked in
can: be used in several ways, It is
extremeily nutritious and an be
used as a !basis for agood soup ; and
if a:lemon is added it makes a good
hot brant for a feverish cold,
If it is de•aired 'to have a veil a
little stiff after it is -washed, i11 can
be ac'eomplished by having a tiny
bit of sugar in the rinsing 'water.
Then stretch the veil in a doorway
Where dt can dry in a free current
of 41r.'
To clear a house df beetles, pub
one pound of powdered (borax irate
a .bin with a perforated lid. Dust
the borax lightly over 'the floor, or
the walls, and in the cupboard ; in
fact, every place where the pests
are .found.
To make meat cooked in a gas
oven juicy, place a jam -jar half -W-
ed with cold water at the bottom of
the oven. The steam rising from
the water makes. the air in the oven
moist and prevents the meat from
getting hard,
A cotton rug may be cleaned if
spread flat on 'the porch. Hot wa-
ter should .then be poured over it.
Rub soap over .the entire surface,
and scrub with a :broom :both .sides
of the rug. Rinse with a garden
hose and hang up to dry.
'Croutons for soup can be made
easily in a oorn popper. They will
crisp in a moment and a gnuantity
may be made at one time. Out .the
bread into squares elf the desired
size, plaice into along handled pop-
per and thrust into; a glowing fur-
nace.
The application of !buttermilk to
the kitchen linoleum and oildlo'th
will work a more .decided suecass
than sweet milk, used in :the :same
way, and is far d'ess'expensive. Af-
ter washing with clear worm waiter
apply the buttermilk, rub well,
then polish with a dry cloth.
POINTED PARAGRAPHS.
Life without hope is like a house
without a roof,.
Most people', are willing to do their
duty as they seeit.
Even an artist may not' he able to
draw a ,matrimonial prize.
It's a fortunate thing for some men
that they never married.
Don't waste other people's time
while you are wasting your own.
Some men would die young if they
were compelled to work for a living.
Unless a man has scored at least
one failure he is unable to appreciate
success.
The time for a man to marry Is
when he finds a woman silly enough
to want him.
The gentleman with the cloven hoot
may trot with the gentleman who has
a cloven breath.
Bind words are never lost—unless a
woman puts them in a letter and
gives it to her husband to mail.
We imagine the angels smile when
they see a fisherman with a $25 outfit
yanking a two-inch sucker from the
water,
Dogs In War.
Considering how obviously fitted
dogs are for police work and certain
services in war it is curious that more
use has not been made of thein in
modern times. Of course, now that
hand-to-hand fighting is to all intents
and purposes extinct, dogs are no
longer formidable in war, but for sen-
try duty or the finding of wounded on
the battlefield, dogs—as was shown
during the Russo-Japanese War—can
be of great service.. The ancients
employed' dogs extensively ' as sen-
tries. So, also, did the Emperor
Charles V. and Philip, Xing of Spain,
whilst Napoleon urged Marmont to
fasten dogs to stakes around the walls
of Alexandria to keep guard. Dog -
senses are very inuth more acute than
those of human beings—especially the
senses of scent and hearing, which, of
course, are invaluable for police work.
Great Britain has been slower than.
some other countries to use dogs for
this purpose.' Belgitun, Germany and
Francs aro all ahead, of us.
It You Trespass.
Trespassing is defined legally to be
the entering upon the land of another
without his permission or against his
will, A trespasser may be "peaceably
'ejected," Damages, nominal or other-
wise, can be claimed for trespass with-
out actual loss having to be proved.
Actual damage to hedges, crops, etc.,
may be dealt with as a crime—mali-
cious damage to property—and the
punishment may be 'a fine or a term
of imprisonment. 11 is an offence to
set man -traps or spring guns on land
asa protection against possible tres-
passers or poacbors: A trespasser as
aotnpanied by it dog wh1ci1 worries
cattle' or sheep is liable for all dam-
age, even if he pleads that the dog
rias never dime damage Before. No
THE SORD Y SC 00L'STUDY
A �
INTI,BN:1'i'IONA1 LESSON,
AUSI UST 16,
Lesson VIT. The Wielcedhusband
men. Matt. 21, 33.46, Bolden
Text, Matt. 21. 9.
Verse 33, Another parable—In
addition to the parable of the .two
eons, recorded in the verses just
preceding this lesson passage, the
abrupt form of introducing this
parable -betrays emotion. Jesus
knew that he had greatly offended
these members of the Sanhedrin,
and shows in this parable that he
is not unaware of the consequences
which will follow.
A householder -In this parable,
like the parable of the sower, the
details of the story can be easily
interpretated. Here, the house-
holder or owner of the vineyard is
God.
A vineyard—The Jewish people,
planted by God in the land of prom-
ise. The details of this description
of the vineyard are taken from the
song in Ise, 5, 2.
Set a hedge about it—The land of,
Israel was separated from, other
countries by the mountains the des-
ert, and the sea, or the hedge in
this parable may refer to the law
which prevented Jews from ming-
ling freely with other peoples.
Digged 'a ` winepress -This- was
usually made of rock and contained
two compartments, the upper one
for the grape and the lower to re-
ceive the wine when it had been
pressed from the grapes. The wine-
press in this parable probably
means the altar of sacrifice.
A tower --A place where the fruit
could be stored and kept safely. In
this parable it is supposed to refer
to the•temple.
Let it out to husbandmen—Who
paid the owner an annual rental.
Very often this rental was paid in
kind, that is, the owner received
a part of the crop.
Went into another country—The
vines would not bear fruit for two
or three years, and during that
time the husbandmen could be left
to cultivate and prune the vines.
After Israel was established in Pal-
estine God no longer spoke to them
in the pillar of fire and of cloud,
so ids, sense he left them, and the
leaders and teachers—that is, the
scribes and Pharisees—were the
husbandmen to whom the care of
Israel` was intrusted.
34. The fruits—Faithfulness and
obedience M the law. God had the
right to expect that Israel would
develop into a holy nation.
His servants—The prophets, who
were •preachers of righteousness and
who demanded of the people virtu-
ous lives.
35, Took his servants, and beat
one, and killed another—The people
to'whons Jesus' spoke this, parable
were familiar with the treatment
the prophets had received. Ahab's
treatment of Elijah -may be noted.
Jewish tradition also records that
Isaiah was "sawn asunder."
And stoned another—Perhaps. re-
ferring to the prophet Jehoiada (2
Chron. 24. 20-22). Also read Heb.
11.37.
37. His son—The Messiah, the
promised Redeemer.
Reverence—Have respect unto.
Notice the patience of the owner.
Many messenger% have been sent,
but there might be a question•about
their authority. Perhaps the bus -
ban -damn had not deliberately fused him his rights. • At least he
will make one more effort. Surely
they will receive his son and heir.
39. They cast him forth out of
the vineyard and killed him -A re-
ference to the fate of Jesus, who
was taken outside the city (Heb.
13, 12) and crucified. They com-
pletely repudiated him. In this
somber but true picture Jesus re-
viewed the whole history of Israel.
The nation had not yielded the fruits
rightfully demanded of her and .she
had put to death the messengers
who came to remind her of the pus
pose of her existence.
40. Jesus compels his hearers to
pronounce their own condemna-
tion.
41. He will miserably destroy
those miserable men—When Jeru-
salem was destroyed forty years
later the ,prophecy of this doom was
fulfilled,
Other husbandmen—Men of a
different stamp, leaders in bhe new
spiritual fellowship of his followers.
Some of these were not•Jews,
42. In the scriptures Th•e quota -
bion which .follows is from Pea. 118.
22,23.
The stone—That is, Christ.
The builders—The Jewish nation.
The head of the corner—The angst
important place in the foundation
of a building. This quotation from
the Psalms really introduces a new
parable, in which the meaning is OS
plain its in the parable of the vine-
yard. When the psalm was written
the stone referred to the Jewish
nation, which during the captivity
was despised and rejected, but labor
restored to, its proper plane ei hon-
or among .the nations, Gradually,
however, this passage, like many
other Old Testemenb prophecies,
lied come to be interpretated Mea-
sianieally, en the general principle
that what was said of Israel by the
prophets and psalmists referred es-
pecially to the Messiah, who was
thought of as in a peculiar sense
the representative of his nation.
93. The .kingdom of God, with its
honors and privileges, shall be ta-
ken away from you --Even a chosen
people can retain no rights unless
they use them. "From him that
hath not shall be taken away, even
that which he• seemetlt to have,"
Shall be givers to a nation bring-
ing forth the !mite thereuf---`Phare
prove more worthy.
94. lie that falleih on this stone
—He who stumbles or is offended,
perhaps at the humiliation of Christ
shall be broken to pieces, that is,
shall suffer hurt, and become dis-
ables!.
But on whomsoever it shall fall,
in judgment, it will scatter him as
dust—The contrast is between those
who,: through misunderstanding, are
turned away from Christ and those
who, because of their evil lives,
Utterly reject him.
45, 40. Enraged at the very plain
reference to thein, the chief priests
and Pharisees would have appre-
hended Jesus at once but for fear
of being condemned by the multi-
tude, who believed in him,
SKIPPERS ON THE ROCKS.
Pates That Break Captains of the
Mercantile Marine.
In nine cases out of ten the cap-
tain who loses his ship•is a broken
man. Unless it be proved at the
s>r:beequent inquiry that the disas-
ter was brought aboub by circum-
stances over which he had no con-
trol and that he did all in his power
to minimise it, he will almost cer-
tainly lose his job.
Occasionally a skipper shows such
!resource in his time of trial, and
is so highly commended by the
court, that the owners of the ship
retain his services, but, as a rule,
he knows he must look out for other
employment.
11 his certificate is suspended,
even for a short time, his case is
indeed a hard one, because he is
unlikely to obtain command of a
ship again—at least, not in this
country, says London Answers,
Some years a fine ship was piled
up on one of the most dangerous
coasts in the world. It was her
maiden voyage, and she had a num-
ber of passengers on board, but,
thanks to the skill of the captain,
every one was safely landed.
At the usual official inquiry the
captain was highly commended, but
on some technical point his •certifi-
cate was suspended for a month.
Regarded as, perhaps, the finest
officer in the fleet, his career was
at an end, and, after months of
seeking work, he obtained the post
of harbormaster in a small port in
South America.
That is the fate of many a capa-
ble officer. Very occasionally some
shore post array be given to a very
old and clever officer who has lost
his vessel, but as a r-ul'e he has to
be •content with • the command, of
some _small coasting ship. lTiifor-
tunate British officers will be found
commanding a half-caste crew on
the ocean byways of the world, or
perhaps they obtain a post as skip-
per of .a.tug in a big foreign port
where British influence is all-pow-
erful.
He who gets a position as harbor -
Master must reckon himself partic-
ularly lucky, or be the fortunate
possessor of influence. He can nev-
er hope to reach the plums of the
service again, for he would not be
employed as first or second officer
except in some small ship.
Sometimes a skipper has saved
up a Tittle money, which he invests
in a sailing coaster, but profits are
small, and the dangers many, and
it is not easy for a new man to pick
up cargo, while the underwriters
might have something to say.
On very rare occasions a captain
who has come into close touch pas-
senger or merchants whose cargo
he has carried has so impressed
them with his ability that when mis-
fortune carne they offered him a
berth, Such cases have been heard
of, and a sailor friend once told
the writer of one he knew.
In the Navy it is the same, and
more than one promising career hes
been nipped in the bud. The ease
of the Montagu, lost on Lundy Is-
land, may be mentioned. Her cap-
tain was considered an exception-
ally smart anan, but he was lost to
the Navy, and joined the staff of
one of the big shipbuilding firms,
A naval officer has a pull over
the mercantile man in this respect;
he probably knows so much that
some engineering or armament 'firm
will be glad of his services, unless
his incapacity hue been proved be-
yond doubt.
Another officer of the same' battle-
ship was equally fortunate. Spend-
ing several weeks or months over
the work attempted salvage, he
gained much experience in this side
of 'marine work, and subsequently
joined a salvage company. The
writer believes he was afterwards
actually engaged in salvage work
for the Navy, although indirectly,
through his company.
The fate of the mate who is in
charge at tianes of disaster is al-
ways bac!. A year or two ago a
second officer shot himself from
worry 09 a result of a collision, al-
though, at the inquiry held after-
wards, he was held entirely free
born blame.
BELGRADE AND ITS PEOPLE
A BM' 1` TII11 FALLEN CAPITAL
OF SFR VIA.
There Are Many Forlifieutiolfs in
and Around the
City,
The Austrian seieure of Belgrade
will have a sentimental effect on
the Servians rather 'than resent in
an important military advance,
The Servians are intensely proud
of .their city, of its historic tradi-
tions and its fine modern develop-
ment, but so far as its vulnerability
to Austrian attack is concerned they
Have had few illusions.
The big limestone hill that juts up
at the junction of the Save and the
Danube, behind and around whish
the city lies, has been an important
Mort for more than 2,000 years,
Much of the original Roman mason-
ry still remains, while the dilapidat-
ed buildings occupied by the Turk-
ish garrison as late as 1867 are now
used as a military museum. Below
the crest of the hill and facing the
river are the modern fortifications,
which have been zealously guarded
from all visitors, and on which the
city depended for its chief defence
from attack from the north. This
fort is of the most modern type,
and every year has been strengthen-
ed and improved. Its guns are of
French manufacture, and command'
beyond the two rivers, the whole
wide sweep of the Hungarian plain..
The Hungarian town of Semlin,
where .the fleet of Austrian moni-
tors was .assembled, lies practically;
under these guns.
To the west of the town the hills
are strongly fortified. A great many
of ,the forts can be seen from the
railway beyond Topschider. The
same may be said of all the hills
lying behind the pity while on the
east there is a strong defence
against a possible approach from
Hemendria, which is opposite an
Austrian railroad terminus. In-
cluded in the plan of the defence
of the city was; it has been said,
the ,mining of both the Save and
the Danube along the entire Ser-
vian border.
The Big Bridge.
One of ,the few actual connect-
ing links between Austria and Ser -
via is the long iron railroad bridge
across' the Save which all the Orient
express trains on their way to Con-
stantinople must use. This bridge
is reported destroyed. From the
station in Semlin, where passports
are examined, the city of Belgrade
is plainly visible, though the train
consumes nearly half an hour cros-
sing the marshy plain on the Aus-
trian side and creeping over the
bridge before the station of Bel-
grade is reached. Bridge building
between the two countries has nev-
er been• encouraged, :and this one,
cohstrli8ted .'as a part'of-the raslrged
was the only one that linked. them..
The. Danube' below Belgrade has
been a constant succession of'fort-
resses and fortified hill tops ever
since Turkish days, From Semen-
dria to Orsova every hill top has
defences .of one kind or another,
many of them not of a modern type,
and some of them entirely useless in
modern warfare. Servia has been
steadily working on the moderniz-
ing et these defenses however, and
has kept her progress a secret, so
it cannot be said "tut how import-
ant
ant they will prove. At Scmendria
there is a considerable fortress,
with a heavy wall still -remaining
around the town as an indication
of its past importance, Rama has
a fortress ever since Roman times.
Gradiste has an old fortication
built by the Turks and later used
by the Servians, which lies in the
valley el the river, The Servians,
realizing the uselessness of this,
have constructed a modern fort on
the hill above the town.
Turks Valued IL
Although Belgrade has been re-
cognized as holding a strong strat-
egic position, it has never figured
greatly in modern warfare, The
Turks practically withdrew from it
early in the nineteenth eentury,
and the city was not molested
either in the Russo-Turkish or the
Bulgarian War, and escaped en-
tirely unscathed in the last wars.
It was more important in a mili-
tary sense to the Turks than it has
ever been since, for Mehemet, the
conqueror of Constantinople, re-
cognized it as the key to conquest
north of the Danube, and fought
long and bitterly to gain it•
Belgrade is, roughly speaking di-
vidsd into two parts, the nicks
part, built during the Turkish dom-
ination, lying low on the banks of
the river, and the new, modern
•part, of which not only all Ser-
vians but all Serbs as well are in-
tensely proud, lying on the hill
bask of the fortress, In .the low
part of the town is centered much
of the commercial life of the city.
The railroad and steamer traffic is
centered there, and the eastern
houses and many warehouses and
factories are also looted there,
!Modern Seelaon,
The new part is laicl out in broad.
well-paved.sttieets, lined with fine
buildings, six and sever! 'stories
high, which since the new spirit of
deyeh,prnent has seized the coun-
try, have replaced the small low
buildings that were first erected,
The city has a comprehensive tram-
way 'system 'which extends far be-
yond its limits in several directions
and connects with it many charm
ing and flourishing •suburbs,.
The public buildings of Belgrade
are not imposing, The university
and the theatre are near Ione an-
other on the prineipal square. The
Post and Telegraph Building is
near by and like moat of the .other
Government• buildings, is entirely
inadequate to house the business
that is transacted there. The Royal
Palace is on the Avenue Prince
Milan, one of the chief streets, and
is not especially imposing. At the
other end of the plot where this
palace stood a fine new palace is
being erected for the use of the
Crown Prince. The Parliament
Building is so small and inconspic-
uous—it has but two stories—that
only the flag flying over it gives
an indication of its uses. The
buildings of thevarious ministries
are all very modest.
The Population.
The people of Belgrade are not
rich, and there is a conspicuous
lack of display, especially in offi-
cial circles. Automobiles are com-
paratively few, and so are fine
turnouts of any kind, But as there
are few rich people, so are there
still very few poor ones. The peo-
ple all . over' the city are well and
comfortably dressed, the shops. are
bright and filled with new and at-
tractive goods. The people are
ordinarily gay and lighthearted
and are great frequenters of the
street corner cafes, each one of
which has a gypsy band. The mid-
day siesto has been an ironclad
rule in Belgrade, and everything
from the biggest bank to the smal-
lest shop shuts up 'between 12 and
2. The business of the day is over
at 5 o'clock and the entire town
turns out to promenade and take
the air. They stroll up and down
the two principal streets, filling
sidewalks and pavement alike,
lingering at the cafes for Turkish
coffee and for tall glasses of water,
which seems a more popular drink
than anything else.
By the sunset hour everyone has
reached the Alemegdah built on
the hill right back of the old for-
tress. It is beautifully laid out
with trees, flowers and statues of
Servian poets and painters.
Birds That Fight Eagles.
In Fouls, one of the Shetland is-
lands, the natives make a business of
rearing :skan- gulls in order to rid the
islands of eagles that congregate
there and commit many depredations.
The magnificent red sandstone cliffs
that skirt the northwestern coast be-
came a favorite haunt of the eagles,
and in. this inacessible spot they in-
creased
ncreased so rapidly that they became a
terror to the farmers and fishermen
who dwell on this isolated spot. The
skau igSulls are also strong and fierce
and the inveterate foes of the eagle.
Ill battle the gulls are nearly always
victorious, and so the inhabitants hit
upon the novel plan of feedidg and
caring for the skau gulls, which,
though formidable to their feathered
enemies, are very peaceful and docile
when brought in contact with man,
F—
Live in Hives,
In Mesopotamia the natives use a
quaint form of dwelling, built of mud
bricks in the form of a hive. As the
country is destitute of trees from
which to hew rafters, and as it is also
in_ -some places, devoid. of stone, the
natives build their habitations of sun-
dried mud bricks with high and steep
domes, similar in shape to a beehive.
Each home consists of several of these
hives, standing near together and sur-
rounded by a wall of similar material.
One or more is used to live in, another
for the animals, and still another
serves as a granary, and so on, a0 -
cording to the possessions of the pro-
prietor. The smaller conical piles are
of dried manure, which is used for
fuel. Of late years, the inhabitants
have used the land for pasturage, as
the limited amount of rainfall makes
irrigation necessary for agriculture.
A. Thought For the %Veek.
Do not drift. Have a purpose in
life. Fill your mind and heart with
interests from which you personal-
ly de not reap any benefit—inter-
Gets 'which tend in some way to-
wards the larger good of the race,
Make every faculty of your being
tape a spiritual direction. Make
this the 'habit of your life ; and the
temptations you fear to -day will
become harmless,
If we could always catch fish few
of us would go fishing.
If a man expects to convince his
wife that he is a genius he' must
get busy during the courtship,
Few of us become round shoulder-
ed from carrying other people's
burdens.
As soon as a rat discovers that
he is trapped he loses all interest
in the. ` pie of cheese that caused
his downfall,
Judge ---"Why did you .rob this
man in livens' daylight?' Prisoner
—"Well, you see; my engagements
for night -work- were all made,"
He Yearling, refuse rue, and I
shall never lova~ another girl She
(briskly --.`What I want le a man
r
'l) promise me that'f I ccs t.
.'•oavil> 1 a
nlu 1 l
FROM MERRY 0111 FNOLAND
NEWS. i3Y .MAIIL 'ABOUT J01Ii
BULL AND HIS PEOPLE.
Occurrences In Thr Land That
[reigns Supreme In tits Cola-
weroisa Worid,
The late Mr. Thomas James Bar•
raft, chairman of Pears, left 2400,•
The net emigration from the Unit:
id Kingdom during the last 80.
years aggregated 3,4.00,000.
Tanhill Inn, near Brough, is the
highest standing public house in
Britain. It is 1725 feet •above sea
level.
The Duke of Portland has been
presented with the freedom of Not-
tingham in recognition .of his inval-
uable services 'to the city,
London, in common with the rest .,
of the world, has had most of her
important bridges built by Scots-
men,
The 80th birthday of Sir Edward
Russell, editor of the Liverpool
Daily Post, will be celebrated at a
complimentary banquet to be 'held
in London in October.
At the beginning of June in each
year about 300 organ -grinders leave
Italy for London. They return to
their native land in October, .and
live well for the next eight mouths,
when they again start on their pil-
grimage.
Sir John Swinburne, a retired
captain of the Royal Navy, and a
cousin' of the poet, died in London
on the 15th July. He was 83 years
old. He saw service during the
Burmese war in 1852 and in China
and the Baltic. He was retired in
1890.
Fire broke out on the 10th July
at the premises of F. W. Howarth,
wall -paper manufacturer, Blackley,
Manchester. The premises were
doomed ,from the outset and a
member of the firm assesses the
damage at between £60,000 and
£70,000.
General Sir Laurence James Oli-
phant died at his residence in Lon-
don on the 6th July. General' Oli-
phant, who was 68 years of age,
served with the Soudan Expedition
in 1885, and in the South Atria=
War in 1901-02. He was General
Officer Commanding -in -Chief, .Nor-
thern Command, from 1907 to 1911.
LINOLE'UM'S STOlt'V.
Many Countries Supply the Ingre-
dients Front1'Vhieh it Is Made.
Do you know what the linoleum
you walk over each day represents
products from all :the continents'1
We will begin with cork, which
largely comes from North Africa.
Hare the bark is stripped from the
trunk, and larger branches of the
cork tree when they attain the.age •
of twenty-five years.
The cork is conveyed from the for
est to the nearest boiling station
to he boiled m huge vats until the
rough, woody part can be scraped ,•
off and the bark rendered pliable.
It is next shipped to Spain, and:
trimmed there into a dozen grades
or more, rebaled, and sent to lino-
leum factories.
Linseed oil, from which linoleum
derives its name, is obtained from
flax seed largely 'grown in Russia
and the Argentine. The flax is
similarly thrashed to wheat when
the crop is ripe. The seed is sent
to an oil -crushing centre, cleaned,
and the oil extracted by means of
crushing the seed between e.orru-•
gated steel rollers. Then it is
filtered tanked, and sent to the lin-
oleum factories.
Burlap, which acts as a cohesive
power to the other ingredients of
linoleum, is derived from jute, in
India, •Packed in bales, it is ship-
ped to Dundee, Scotland, to be fur-
ther treated into burlap, and then
to the factories for the purpose of
backing the linoleum.
Australia is one of the countries
which suply pigments for the color-
ing of linoleum.
DANCING IN OLD DAYS.
Never As Popular As It Is At. Present
Time.
Dancing in the woods was the old
manner in the classic times, and
mythology tells of the worship thus
paid by the pagans to the gods, The
poets sang of it. The priests of Mars
were the principal dancers in the se-
cred sites to that deity. There was
also the religious dancing alluded to ih .
the Old, Testament, a.s. where David
danced before the ark to express his
joy and that of his people, and there
were the dances of the Druids round
the altars and the mysterious Stones,.
Never, perhaps, in the history of the
world, was dancing more popular than
it is to-day—not even in ,the pleasant
trines when in England, Ireland, and
France the: people danced sat the
green, Oliver Goldsmith, travelling
ea foot, paid' his Way by playing for
the dancers au his Pluto.
Sero y 1
--If you insist on knowing,
up
there are two reasons why I can't
marry yet. He—And they •are 1
Slie
—Yourself and another Min,
Wife --Everything 15 getting •high•
er, Husbanci- Oh, I dont kilo*,
Th your y our opinion of ins' and my
opinion of yeti, unci the neighbota'
opittisn of both of us.