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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1914-7-30, Page 3Hints for the Home Rale+al ug Salads for Summer, The meet a r e fre:ihing and withal satisfying dish in summer is a well - prcpnr(tl salad, and it sou are at all given to e> l c t inn rti:ig you will find there ie praetieatly nu limit to he changes you can effect in c-cm- bining material and dressing or serving ailed:a For the next three months at 1etet, iuora' salad' and less meat should be the slogan of the progr'eseive caterer, and be sure i;a select salads suited to the differ- ent occasions, sum thing light and llisp for dinner, For tiie home uneheo:e it at a late eeltpcer the salad can be more substantial and bo the plain dish, while at a com- pany luncheon of afternoon tea a chilled fruit salad ora novelty in the ;elm of leit.ute hearts with fruit dressing would be most appropriate. Familial Salad D. essing.--Ingre- dients : One -hall cupful of rich, stiff mayonnaise; one tablespoonful .each of minced chives, celery and red and green pepper; one-half cupful of stiffly whipped sour cream. Method : The. mayonnaise may be bought or a rich boiled dressing made with tarragon and cider vine- gar. Beat the minced greens into this dressing, then beat in the cream. Thee is delicious with re- main, lettuce hearts or tomatoes. Rieli Boiled Dressing. —Ingredi- ents; Ono teaspoonful of yellow mustard; one teaspoonful of sugar; one-quarter teaspoonful of salt; Yolks of three egngCPs;, three table- ;spoonfuls of eider vinegar; three tablespoonfuls of tarragon vinegar; one tablespoonful of olive oil. Methcd : Rab dry ingredients to al slnootll paste with the yolks•, lidd Vinegar gradually and *oak in dou- ble boiler, bearing all the time.. When cool add the oil and beet to a smooth einulsian. This may also be thinned with e. ,little more vine- gar and used kr any salad. Piquant Salad in Tomato 'Cups. —Ingredients: One small cucumber ; one teaspoonful of onion mace; one half of weeded• green pepper; Five ripe medium-sized tomatoes; one tablespoonful of olive oil; three ba- bleepoonfuls of vinegar; one tea- spoonful of sugar; salt and ;pepper to taste; a few drops of tobacco sauce. Methor :Cut •a thin slice from top of tomato and scoop out the pulp ea as to forma a cup. Now mince the pepper, grate the pared cucumber on a vegetable grater, not using the very center on ac- count of the seeds: Add all this to the tomato pulp, whieh has been drained after being taken out Add all the seasoning and toss together, then fill the tomato cups and serve on lettuce. leaves, Green Bean Salad. — Method : Remove strings and slice the beans ill slanting slivers, boil until tender then drain, Season with a little onion juice, salt and pepper, pour on a little melted butter or oil, and vinegar to taste, adding a very little sugar if liked. Rosemarie Salad. — Serve with walnut wafers for afternoon tea. Ingredients for one helping; small well -blanched .lettuoe leaf; six strawberries; one tablespoonful of ground pineapple ; three tablespoon- fuls of powered sugar ; one tea- spoonful of lemon juice; two ta- blespoonfuls of whipped cream. Method Place lettuce leaf on salad plate, Wliip.the cream and beat in the lemon juice and one spoonful of the sugar, then mound eream on leaf. On this pour the pineapple and sift a little sugar over, then arrange the sliced strawberries on top and sift rest of sugar over. Walnut 'Wafers. — Methed : Roll chilled pie crust very thin, .stow ground walnuts and a fine sifting of salt over and press down with role ling pin, then cut into small strips or diamonds and bake in hot oven. Fruit Dressing for' Salad.—Ingre- clients: One-half cupful of boiled dressing; tw•o tablespoonfuls of orange ju oe; two tablespoonfuls of pineapple juice, Method: Beat the fruit jiuoe into the dressing, which should be rather thick and not :too ' acid, Pour over chilled lettuce hearts. Hints for The Home. To keep lemons, put them in a stone jar of clean dry sand so that they do not touch, Silly petticoats eh•ould always be hung up—not folded—if you do not wish them to creek. ' The wise woman wears gloves while oho turns the wringer and saves her hands, isle get any sort of thickening smooth stir ib with an egg -beater or perforated cake spawn. Every kitchen should have among its supplies a, saw for trimming meat and some landing needles, A water -proof apron is a good in- vestment for washday An old rain- coat may be need for ib, If you wash or clean your giove,s yourself, a flat wooden foran to stretch them over is a great re- source, When making desserts, allow one heaping teaspoonful of granulated 'ng+ar to etdn egg and half' a pint Of milk, To t'elnove t>llo) unpleasant odor of distaste)),ir • from the bands after peeling onions rub them with salt and wash in cold water. Never try to glean yokes, collate or muffs while sewed on the gowtl. Sueli things should always be made detachable, When hanging pieturos, be sure to keep them in agreeable level with the eye. Pictures were meant. to be leaked M, Plunging dry linen into hot water is likely to set soil and stains, It should always be soaked In cold water first. If clothes are yellow .a teaspoon- ful of peroxide of hydrogen put• fn the water in which they are soaked will bleach theme, • To have hut foods perfectly sleev- ed, the dishes ahuuld be scot, and it pewter dish cover set ever the food as soon as it is placed on them. Wooden curtain rods are to- be preferred to brass ones, which rest and the curtains shuulcl be hung with bone rings, which are wash- able. The curtains themselves should be perfectly straight or hang in ye: tical folds. Anything in the na- ture of elaborate festooned drapery offeete is merely a dost trap: Don't have e lamp in the draw- ing room unless it is to be used, and ill any case avoid fragile chif- fon trimmed or gathered silkshades which harbor dust: • A screen—if the room is u panell- ed one, an •oak er tapestry screen— may be placed in front Of the empty fire grate, but the grate itself must not be filled with paper shavings, which form only another dust trap. To •clean white plumes, make a paste of gasoline and flour, dip the plume in it repeatedly;, drawing it theough the hancl after each dipping Take it out doors and .shake till all gasoline has evaporated. The 'flour dill shake out and the plume be clean. Q UE. MEMORIAL HIGHWAY. 240 Miles From Montreal to Quebec City. The new highway linking Mont- real with the United States border is one of the first .fruits of the 'Good Roads Act," passed last year by the Quebec Administration. From Rouse's Point the highway will be continued to Quebec. Cer- tain portions of the road will con- sequently cross baited States ter- ritory, bub •sovle time ago 11 was decided that the entire: stretch of road should be maned after the late King Edward is a memorial., This was considered a particularly appropriate means of commemora- tion in view of the Peacemaker's friendly relations with bhe people of the United States. At one time it was suggested that only the Montreal -Reuse's Point section should bear the name of King Ed- ward, but this was considered an- omalous by the International High- way Association, since the road was to be continued on to Quebec. The Governor-General, the Duke of Connaught, in a letter to the Inter- national Highway Association, stated that a well -kept road be- tween Montreal and Quebec would be a fitting Mere -oriel to the late King, and that Ring George would quite approve of the proposal. The total length of the road from Mont- real to Quebec via Rouse's Point will he 240 miles, The Quebec Gov- ernment is paying all the cost on bhe Canadian seetion except $1,000 a mile, which is being contributed by the municipalities along the route. EIGLCTRITIED TPtETII. Engineer's Experience With Effects of Lightning. An engineer resident in Paris, France, had a curious personal ex- perience of .the effects of lightning the other night. Lightning illu- minaked his room, and in addition to noticing the characteristic odor of ozone, the engineer observed also a peculiar baste in his mouth, Twi hours later, as he put a fork to his mouth when dining, he experienced a slight electric shock and his lip was seared as if burned. The en- gineer has two teeth shopped with gold, and his theory is that when the fork touch. his lip a current passed' from the gold filling to the metal fork,,.. 4, BIRRENJILAD SURVIVOR. Last One of Famous Wreck of 1652 Died Recently in England. The hob survivor of the famous Birkenhead disaster in 1852 died're- cently in England. The Birkenhead, ,a transport ,steamer, laden with sol- diers and their families, struck a reef off the coital; of Africa, The women and children were put into the boats, and the 454 British sol- diers stood at attention on dale, giving a great shout as orf vlotory while the boat went down, Those were the days of British discipline, a quality, which it is to be feared, has somewhat declined, though, as the Kansas CityStar Says in a well written article about the event i. It is an old tradition that Anglo -Sax- ons' may be depended upon to ac- quit themselves' creditably in 'tittle THE SON- AY SiCi191L STUN INTERN ATI ONAIn 1,l; lC1li 1; ALGt'S`i''2. Lesson V.—The Triumphal Entry -- Murk it, 1.11. Golden Text, Zech. 9, 0, Verse 1, And =when they draw nigh unto Jerusalem --Since leav- ing Jcl leho, Josue and the company of pilgrims With him had traveled about fifteen miles. Part of this journey was through a wikl and dangerous country, the E•cane icf the parable of the good Samaritan.. On the way, the iueidents of the coming of the rich young :man to Jesus and the heading of blind Baar- tin:uses have taken piece. Of .hits teaching by the wayside we have already studied in this series. of Lessons the parables of the laborers In the vineyard and the pounele. and the talents; also his pruphecy of his death and his words to his. dis- ciples about greatness through ser- vile. Betllphage—A place which cannot be identified. Bethany --A village on the south- east slope of the Mount of Olives and about two rnilea from Jeru- salem. This wee the home of Laz- arus and his sisters, Martha and Mary. Here was.also the house of Simon the leper, where Jesus was anointed by Mary (Mark. 14. 3; John 12. 1-3). The mount of Olives—This name is given 1'ro the range of hills east of Jerusalem They are separated from the city by the valley of Kid - roil. The height( of the ridge is about 2,600 feet above the Mediter- ranean. Two of his disciples—The navies Of these disciples are not -given, but it is supposed, from.the minuteness of the description given by Mark; that Peter, from whom Mark re- ceived nook of the material con- tained in his Gospel, was one of the two. 2. The village that is over against you—Matthew (21 1) .mentions only Bethphage, and his account indi- cates that thin was the village ill which the disciples were sent. These words seem to imply that the village was off the road 'on which they were traveling. A colt—A .colt .of an .ass. In, the East, the ass is larger and swifter than with us.. In contrast with the hsorse, hic11 had been brought from Egypt by Solomon foe use in, war, the ass was a e ynabol of peace, Froni the words of the prophet (Zech. 9. 9) all Jews expected the Messiah to enter Jerusalem riding upon an ass. Whereon no mash ever yet sat— Matthew mentions (21. 2) that the colt was still running with its mother, and had therefore not been used. Jewish tradition demands new or unused objects for sacred purposes, Compare 1 Sam. 8. 7, 3. The Lord hath 'need of him— "Deed," or "Master," was the title so frequently used by the dieciples and others in speaking to Jesus that its use here seems merely to indi- cate in general his relation to his disciples, It is quite possible •that the owner of the colt was a. friend of Jesus. and a believer. . .And straightway he will send him back hither—He prolnisea to return the colt at once. 5, Certain of them that stood there—Luke: says it was the owners: that asked 'the question. Perhaps the owners and others were stand- ing near and ,saw the diseipies. Cast on hien their garments— Their outer rohes or • long 'coats. As they had no trappings for this colt, the garments would serve as a saddle, though the set of the die- eiples was also one of homage. He sat upon him—This entry of Jesus'into Jerusalem in this manner, fulfilling the prophecy well known to th,e Jews, can have no other Meaning than that Jesus publicly announced himself . as the Messiah, er rather, he accepted from iris dis- ciples and others the tibia which they had long desired to give Min, 8.. Many 'spread their garments. upon the nay—Po do honor to him as a king (compare 2 Kings 9. 13). Br:anche�s, which they hacut from the fields—Matthew speaks of branches being mut from trees, and along, this Toad from Bethany to Jerusalem grew palm, olive, and other trees from which branches might be cut; but the- word "branches" used by Mark refers rather to the leafy 'twigs or "lay- ersof leaves," rushes, and the like, whichwould enrolee a road easy to travel, This was a form of homage in ancient tinea which grew out of a desire to make the road smooth and pleasant for traveling, 0, Hosanna -Meaning, save now. Taken from Psa, 118. 25, 20, a prayer that Jehovah will be pro- piitiotrs to his people, Here, ib is probably a prayer that the salvation which the Me :dela was exsected to bring may now be accomplished, speakh the enthusiastic people le speakthe words with a shut el Riming, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of • the Lord -In the thought of the people, the Messiah was to represent Jehovah and his king- dom would be e viceregal -icy. 10, The kingdom that cometh-- Iiing 11 MI Queen Ittspeet Polo Cup. International Trophy, won by the English team at the Meade brook matches last month, won the admiration of their'Majesties u on its arrival ab Hurjingliam. Lv- n- The present tense is used. It seem- ed to the .people that the kingdom was in sight, The kingdom of our father David —These words are peculiar bo Mark and show that the people, even at this Hour, expected a kingdom which, after a long lapse, would re- vive the splendors of the kingdom of David: Hosanna in the highest—Or, the highest places: The exclamation is therefore a prayer for God to save them in the highest heaven where he reigns. 11. Into the temple—Upon 'enter- ing the city Jesus passed at once to the temple, the place which gave the city its significance, while the crowd, with dusty feet and gar- ments, left him and dispersed. Looked round about upon all things—No doubt Jesus had gone to the temple to worship, and the things upon which he looked may have been the traffic in animals for the .passover sacrifices and the deal- ings el the money -changers, both of which 'were to .receive so sharp attention from him the next morn - Ing (see Mark 11, 15-18), Matthew, however, places ,aha cleansing of the temple imniecliately after to tri- umphal entry. He went out unto Bethany with the twelve—At eventide Jesus walk- ed in oompany with his disciples over the road whieh he had eO re- oently traversed amid the acclaims of the multitude, In the village, sureounded -by' his friends, whom he loved, "his life lapses .again into its quiet ways, ,and be becomes once more the teacher and benefactor," F RUSK -RAT IN GERMANY. Ten Pairs Rave Multiplied to an Alarming Extent. The American musk -rat is invad- ing Germany. He bas not come directly ,from America, but by way of Austria. About nine years ago a large landowner of Bohemia lin- Ported ten pairs of the animals from America and turned them loose on his estate, which lies some twenty-five miles from Prague. They propagated rapidly and soon over -ran all •Bohemia. Recently they have crossed the Saxon front- ier into Germany, and now, it is regarded as only a question of time when all German streams and lakes will be infested with them. The spread of the animals is regarded with alarm by fishermen, for ib is claimed that, although vegetarian in America, the musk -rat has be- come carnivorous in Europe, and brie whole tribe. of fishes, from the delicate :brook -trout to the heavy„ mud -sodden carp, is preyed upon by:bine indiecrimately. Another of the evil habits of the animal is that he burrows into the dams of fish- ponds and lets out bhe raster. While the American visitor was at first regarded as a.vahoeible acquisition to the fauna of the country, and was protected against poachers, there is now a general demand that he -be declared an outlaw, against whom everybody shall be invited to make war. k 40,000,000 Pounds of Gold.., Despite the repeated statement of political 'economists that .over -pro- duction of gold, is the real cause of the increased cost of riving through, the lessenedpurchasing power of the precious: metal, a .Breach news- paper says that the actual volume of the gold existing on the earth's saltines is really remarkably emelt, According to the latest eelcuiatin 38 the quantity does: nob exceed 40,- 0001000 pounds. Most people have good memories FOREST FIRES IN RUSSIA. - Thous/utile of Troops Pressed Into Service to Fight Them. Russia is suffering from the most severe 'heat :wave which has visited the empire in half a century: Re- ports to St, Petersburg from any quarters recently brought news of extensive forest fires and deaths. The smoke from many fires is ap- proaching St. Petersburg. Ob- scuring the sun at mid-day and giv- ing a sharp tang to the hot, lifeless While -,forests are aflame, peat beds on the moors are 'burning and many villages have been -wiped out. Enormous damage has been done to Crops and the .suffering of the people is pronounced: A fire is burning around the great Schlu'essbbur;, dynamite factory, which covers several acres near Ne- va and the plan is, in clanger of be- ing destroyed.Five thousand sol- diers are_ lighting the -fres, aided by awhole army of peasants. Bridges have been burned and railway traffic stopped. 'Communi- cation has been cut off from many sections of the empire by the burn- ing of telegraph and telephone poles and the melting of the wires. Famine threatens from the destrue- tion of crops, The money damage will be many millions of dollars, With the destruction of many hamlets and small towns the people. have taken refuge along the shores of lake and rivers or in the cities. 4. A Lie. A he, in its stricter sense, is the affirming, by word or by action, of that which is not true, with a pur- pose of deceiving; or the denying, by word or by action, of that which is true, with a purpose of deceiv- ing. But the suppressing or 'con- cealing of essential facts from one who is entitled to know them, with a purpose of deceiving, may prac- tically 'amount to a fie. The pur- pose of deeeption enters into the character of a lie. Concealment may be, or may nob be, of the na- ture -of deception. Concealment is not right when disclosure is a duty. Concealment of that which may properly be concealed is not in itself wrong. Efforts at conceal- ment must, in order to be right, be kept within the limits of strict truthfulness of statement, Con- cealment for the purpose of decep- tion' is in the realm of bhe lie, t7ut Englleh Letter Imperlal Health Conference. "Tu show what the spirit of soienoe can do w•Iton moved bythe spirit of sympwthr, and to call buck into being tate great plc- turesnue days when urtaineetute hold its 1131,!' These. wording. to Viscount Bryce and the Mai -wale of Hallebury, aro tate dual ob met,, of the Imperial flealtlt Confer - once and Rxhibithsn, which Was recent)/ opened at the Imuperial Institute is Low. don The body responsible for their or- ganization is the victoria League, a non- party organization of British ,Hall and women, which exists for the purpose of promoting closer 541/104 between British. subleets living in different parts of the world. Enthusiastic 'response has been made by both official and unofficial Int - dive! In (very part of Cho world where the British flag aloe to the invitation to ex- change knowledge and idents on such sub- jects a.l garden elites and suburbs, work- men's houses and model dwellings, in. (alley and h n1lh, the school child and the child as wage earner, There is no- thing like an interchange of !dents for understanding each other and practical Imre Talism of this 'nature is lar more effective than ',envie are generally .aware. With Rubber Ago Comes Silent Clty. Sir henry Blake, president of the fourth International Rubber and Allied Indus. 4 Fort William District. During the past twelve months development work along agricultur- al lines,in the vicinity of Fort Wil- liam has grown to such an extent that within a radius of twenty-five miles of the city it is now an impos- sibility for new settlers to obtain free homesteads. It is now neces- sary for 'the newcomer looking for free land to go some distance into the country. It is not generally known that wibhin a hundred miles area of Fort William there is avail- able :half a million acres of land suitable for agricultural pursuits of all kinds. It is stated the Ontario Government contemplates opening' large tracts of unsurveyed' lands to the north and south-west of the city, which will lead to further de- velopment on a much larger scale, Mr. Benham—Why did that wo- man keep you standing at the door for half an hour? .Elie Talkative Wife—She said she hadn't time to genre in. "Why WAS that young lady so in- dignant? Didn't we have what she wanted?" "No," said the time clerk. She asked for love pow- •..except iii regard to the favors del\ and got guild when I told her done thein,,, there vas no such thing," tile.' Exhibition, looks forward 10 a day when the strect8 of Louden will be paved xrnmher aif whom were employees. with rubber and the brain fag consequent During the same per'iud 190,000 per, sons were injured in railroad acci- dents. Rill 210,000 in 23 Years. HIST ROADS KILL THOUSANDS• DEPENDENTS CO ULD -OOLLEO'Ji- - MANY MILLIONS. Commission. Takes Radical to Put ft Speedy End. to Danger, If the railroads of the United States were to pay the .maximum legal indemnity of 810,000 for eaoh life they took during the year end- ing June 30 last they would dis- burse Sk01,le:0,000 to widows, or- phanetm,s and other dependents of the •IC i � The report of railway accidents for the last fiscal year now being prepared .hv the Interstate Com- merce commission 'discloses a 'death roil of 10,301 persons, the greater Steps 01011, the 1nteesaat noise of main than ouglhfare0 will be minimized to the ad- vantage of hundreds of thousands of people. when the exhibition was last held in London, three 51tr0. age, the idea might have been dismissed a-+ utopian, but since then e.uch striking progrr* has been made, both in the manutaetun and the use of plantation rubber, that Sir livery Blake's vision may well be 51111111 the range of prat -Heal politics. The exhibition itself, which has the of- ficial Lficial support of more than forty Govern- ments, affords abundant evidence of the Progress which has been made. One room. —a 'writing room --lo completely furnished in rubber. The waste are covered In rub- ber skilfully disguised as wallpaper, the -Mantes are mounted in rubber frames and the carpet is of the same all con- quering material. The tables and chairs, the blotters, paper wei'01ts and letter melee. theInkstands and the penholders are of rubber, while the electric table lamps are of vulcanite. The housewife will probably examine the window -curtains .carefully, for here at last she will imagine the utility of rubber breaks down, But nen matter.of fact, the daintily curtains, like overt'• thing else, are of rubber, attached to rubber rings and hung ona rubber pole. The debt of the sportsman do almost every kind of field game to the grower conte even more pronounced if the effort to utilize rubber for lawn tonna courts proves successful. A aneelmen court hoe been built iu the annex at Agricultural Hall in order that 111e experts may test the rubber surface for themselves. The court is made in square blocks of rubber grown ou a British plantation and they have been laid down so carefully that the surface is almost as level as a billiard table. So, as Philip Gibbs, writing in the Daily Chronicle ease, it is 0501' for the man who will stretch his imagination and give elasticity to his mind to conjure up visions 91 a rubber age. working out Sir henry Blake's leading idea to its ultimate conclusions, one may grasp the full meaning of the future. Disasters at sea would no longer take their fearful toil of life, for rubber built ships might collide with no worse result than a can- non off a cushion. A rubber capped avia- tor falling head foremost upon a rubber coated road would just bounce and bounce. A thousand accidents of grievous con - trivial. The The waiter wrn ho would de behsoup over one's new 01111 wohild merely have. to ubber t000k ubb hionsdofiwomen's frocks changed from 011511 skirts to long skirts -they could be stretched as easily as elastic bands, or vice vertu. Old clothes. old furniture, any old thing about the house, could be sent to the manufacturers and produced again in the foion of motor tires, golf balls, hair combs or babies' feeding bottles, according to one's im- mediate requirements, beecause', rubber never loses its essential qualities, and 'as capable of numerous transmutations. Talk at Two Gents a Second. It will cost a. penny (two cents) a second for London to speak to Berlin when the clireet telephone cable has been laid down. Estimating on the basis of the heavy cost of the cable and the preamble amount of traffic or it the Postmaster-Oenoral does not at present see l.ow 53,1 cable can Pay if a fee of leas than 14s. or 16e. (853.50 or 541 for a three minutes' conver- sation is charged. "Both the London and Berlin general post offices are anxious to dsave a direct telephone cable," said a post office offi- cial, "but nothing definite las been set - tied. The scheme is to ran a telephone cable of the most modern typo front a convenient spot eu the Suffolk coast to Emden. This will be an extrem015 costly undertaking, 5114 a fairly high fee for antsouswill to make thea fee asuroawsonable as possible, and the Postmaster -General will 110 willing to lower it to abort IDs, (S2 .50) if lie eau get• a guaranaee that there will bo sufficient traffic to compel]• sato for aha reduction." Keats's Old House Found. The 1101155 where !feats roomed when visiting Cariebroolco Castle in the spring of 1817 has just been traced by leo discov- ery in an 0,111 elate bank of the name of the poet's landlady, ,11rs. Cook. It is now named Canterbury Boase and is in Castle roacl, Newport. It was there that. Keats began hie ' I a 14ut011.' London, 1914. a+ BACKWARD SWISS. No One Thinks of Raising Poultry for Profit. Search as one will, it is not like- ly that a hen, sat or lean, ,young or old, will be found in the local mar- kets, says a report from Switzer- land. The only -chickens prepared for the market are the young cocks, the surplus of which are killed. The pullets and :hens are kept for brood purposes. If a hen, through age of service, should cease' to be prolific she, too, might be killed, after be- ing fattened and offered'for sale, but no one actually thinks of rais- ing chickens for profit, and no one knows anything about scientific or profitable methods of raising chick- ens, Such it practice ea killing hens ,rafter their first season of laying is unknown. In fact, so little is known about chicken -.raising that it is generally believed hens improve with age h0 .their laving proclivities, hence they are kept until tlrey be- come as familiar and endeared to the family as the horses and cows, Next to nothing is known of raising chickens by the- incubator and brooder methods. Upon inquiry it was ascertained that there is only ono incubator in llasle, and that is a baby hicitbator,.:. During the last twenty -live years more than 210,05:3 persons have been killed on American railroads and more than 2,001,000 injured. The property loss due to wrecks since 1507 totals $52,000,000. "The ravages of war pale into in- significance before these silent . in- dications of the-destreeti•ou of hu- man life accompanying the peace- ful operations of our railroads," said an official of the commission, discussing the forthcoming report. "The causes of death and injury are legion. They include derail- ments, collisions, boiler explosions, miscellaneous train accidents and. industrial accidents to employes. Most Victims Employes, Under the present law, railroads are required to report by telegraph to the commission all accidents in which human life is lost. There are more employes killed then pas- sengers, many employes losing their lives in the operation of trains in railroad yards. In wrecks more passengers than employes are killed. There are a surprisingly' Iarge number of trespassers killed on American railroads. This class . includes persons not employed nor passengers. The Interstate Commerce Com- mission is doing all it can under present laws to prevent accidents. It prescribes safety appliances and enforces the law which limits the hours of service of train employes and telegraph operators- This law was passed by Congress when it was shown that many wrecks were due to the overworking of train crews. Great speed has been developed on American railroads during the last decade, .and this speed seems to be in deference to public demand. The weight of trains has increased to such an extent that it has caused terrific wear on steel rails, not- withstanding the increase in the weight and size of the rails. Ten years ago rails of less than 100 pounds were largely used on Am- erican roads. Rail Weighs 110 Pounds to Yard. Now the prevailing rail weighs 100 pounds to every thirty-six. inches and on the large systems the main 'line rail weighs 110 pounds So the yard. In the recent hearing before the Interstate Commerce Commission 'Samuel Rea, president of the Pennsylvania system, stated that the Pennsylvania is making plans for laying 125 pound rails on its main lines. The high speed of trains has de- veloped a defect in rails that is dangerous, particularly as the de: feet cannot be detected under pre- sent methods in the making of the r'a'il or after it is completed, A heavy train running at a high speed develops the defect and ultimately a derailment takes place that causes loss of life and injury to many persons, This defect is what is known as transverse fissure. Its elimination calls for better mill .practice, the experts of the com- mission say, and they are now en- gaged on a series of tests that may result in revolutionizing the malt- ing of rails in the. United States. Whenever a wreck is reported' to the commission which involves the loss of life an investigation is made liy inspectors if possible and a re- port published, "This ends the mat- ter so far as the Federal Govern- ment is concerned. It is stated that the inherent weakness of the train order system is disclosed by the fact that of .forty-, seven collisions investigated, twon- ty-three were due to failure of con- ductors or engine men to under- stand or obey orders, Origin of London Names. How many- know that Piccadilly, or a considerable portion of it, waw . originally, known an Portugal street? And the Portuguese ?tin - case, Catharine of Braganza, Oharle'n II, queen, afterwhom it was named, in like manner was honored in the Catherine street near by, whish to -day is slublaii and Pall Mall,