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The Brussels Post, 1914-6-11, Page 7• • , GREAT IRRIGATION N CORK BASSANQ DAM, OVER BOW RIVER, IS COMPLETED BY C.P.R. Will 'Turin a Great Desert Into a Lund of Milk and - Roney. The co -net -ruction of the huge Bas- sani* dam across the famous Bow River, 83 miles met of Calgary, by the Canadian Pacific Railway Coma pansy, has been, completed. As a result of its opening a. million aeres of prairie len•cl, previously looked upon ws of little or no use for agri- cultural purposes, is now placed under irrigation and will prove as proclective as any other poation of the Dominion. The gigantic work, which has entailed the expenditure Of several millions of dollars, has been carried out under the super- vision of Mr. J. S. Dennis, assistant to the. President, and head of the Department of Natural Resources. About three years have been spent on this work; it is probable that the remainder can be built' during the year 1914. The greatest paxt of the earthwork for the ca - eels, aggregating twenty million cubic yards, has been completed awl operations well advanced on the principal structures. The re- taining ivork to be clone consi,sta largely of placing over a thousand amain] structures, meanly -. wood, sea,tterecl over the irrigable tract covering the greater part of 23000 square miles. The quantities, as shown by the records of the Dominion Govern- ment, are notably large, the river receiving the drainage frown over 0,000 square miles above Bassano. It has a heavy spring flow, the highest etages being reached be. •tweon June 15th and August 15th, and•thus furnishing an ample sup- ply through the crop season. At other times it affords an adequate quantity for conveyance through the main canal to the storage reser- voir located, within ,the irrigable tract.. This provision of storage for a pert of the irrigable area and in the vicinity of t•he farms isn�atb.le as ate assuranoe against certain classes of operation troubles. • The low water surface in 'Bow River is raised approximately 40 tures for cliseributing water to the feet by the Bassano Dam. It is a composite structure, the most nota- ble portion being the oonorete spill- way, 720 feet in length. This is built with ,regard to economy of material and"of the eo called "Am- bursen type," with heavy -floor on the becl of the stream, protected by ,suitable cut-off walls. Upon this are erected buttresses carrying a sloping deck with apron, the whole designed to pass 100,000 cubic feet of water per second with extreme height of 13 feet above the crest.. Huge Eastern. Dykes. The concrete portion of the dame is prolonged westerly within the Horse Shoe Bend by an eastern. dyke with maxim -sun height of 15 feet and length of 7,000 feet, con- taining about 1,000,000 cubic yards.' Extending easterly ,from the clean is the main_ canal, five miles in length, partly in a•deep eut of 70 feet bottom width, and which, being made in eenth of somewhat; treach- erous chaa'aoter, ]res given consider- able trouble. In this respect it is comparable with a number of sim- ular deep ewrth elks which haye been :oracle and suece,ssfully maan- tained under sianilar conditions on canals in Montana and adjacent areas. Beyond the eastern end of this cut, the main canal, with a capacity of 3,800,enbie feet per se- cond, divides the smeller portion, with bed width of 30 feet and ca- pacity of 800 cubic feet per second, turning toward the north, while the larger branch, with capacity of 2, 200 second -feet, continues toward, the east. On the northern branch and its sub -division are many im- portant structures, such es drops and flmnes, but the large number of these is on the eastern canal, and its sub -divisions. The meet notable of the canal structures is the Brooks aqueduct,. 10,000 feet in length, with capacity of 900 second -feet, crossing a, bleed low depression. The. design of tibia equeduet is novel, but evidently based on careful study with a view to perrnene'oe and economy 'of mir terite. Pracb]cally all of .the larger structures in the eastern- section Maim been, or :axe being, built of concr;ettc, the chief -exception being several large wooden flumes. Tho drops in the canal axe of substanti- al design of concrete, and embody features found to be necessary for this• purpose. The smaller struc- YOU CAN SLEEP LATER And still breakfast on time by using a `011.,C9,0 0 �,-... del No fares to kindle—no wood or coal to muss with. Just touch a match to the wick—then youhem all the heat you Want, when you wank it. Lessens the labor in the kitchen. I, 2, 3 and 4 burner sizes, and a now stove with Firelea Cooking Oven. All hardware and general stores. Use Royolite Oilfor,; Best Results `eIL THE IMPERIAL. OIL CO, United Toronto Quebec . Halifax .. . Montreal St. Sold Winnipeg 'Vancouver farms or groups of farms, number- ing over a thousand, have nob yet been put in. pleoe. As anew coun- try develops, it will be necessary to make a number of changes in the distribution system, . with the re- sult that by the time that the smaller wooden ubruotures need re- newal, there exists such a differ ence in methods and of transporta- tion possibilities that the wood can then be replaced t0 adv.antage with concrete. At the same time the plane can be modified to suit the clevelopments which have taken place. The area for which water is being provided, in general, isundulating and with notable slopes 'towards Bow and Red Deer Rivers. There are a number of district drainage lines traversing the country, end topography, as compared with that of most of the plains region, is fav- orable for a relatively rapid ren -off of excess water. The plain drain- age system has been provided in part by nature and in part by arti- ficial means. Problems to bo Faced. - The first problem under the, pre- vailing climatic conditions is, first, to induce the farmer to exercise forethought and to use weber- et the right time; the second, and even more difficult, is to get him to ap- preciate the danger of rising too much water. He his apt to assume that if a.little water is a good thing, a large quantity is better, whereas, the larger quantity may be injurious to his crop and to his neighbors' fields, and 'ultimately may necessitate large end other- wise unnecessary a penditeres for. deepening and extending the drains, In order to prevent the occasion for these large expendi- tures for drainage: arising, arrange- ments are made on many of the new irrigation- systems to deliver-avater ons a measured basis, a certain minimum quantity being obtained et a flat charge aesessed On ' all irrigable lands. For exaanple; 50c. or $i is to -be paid, usuallyaiu ad- vance; whether the irrigable • land receives. water or not, and for this, say, one nose -foot can be -had.- This miuimtuni'r is 'set ''at_ the ` aatiotrnt which ins considered ±o .be necessary foe the procluction of the average crap under ordinary conditions, bat it is not enough to result in water -logging the soil and in the co'esequent demand for drainage. • Far all quantities in excess of this minimum an additional charge is made and collected in advance. The result is that the irrigator, be- ing called upon to pay out his .rito- h when he demands mare water than the minimum considers very carefully as to'whether he really needs the waiter,. As a rule he concludes that he can get along with a smaller amount thee he otherwise would deem- ne- cessary. Experiments 'have shown that the largest crop yields are ob- tained with the minimum a :mount of, water applied, consistent with suitable plant growth, and that while many crops are tolerant of consideeablie•amounts of water', yet the yield is reduced in:quentity.end quality to such excessive applica- tion. The eastern seobion includes a mi•]lion' steres, - met, o2 which 'theme hes been- ,selected approximately 440,000 :acres, lying:in an altitude of £tour"$;3`00' to 5,300' feet, and which may be, irrigated from the system when completed. The tract as a whole is `a part of the northern great ;plaint, the surface of which has been modified by glacial action, with resulting heaavy undealying de- posits of sand and•gravel, and:.par- ticularly of cloy, interspersed with large and small boulder's, The re- sulting top soil on the glacial de- posits is frequently loamy, usually very- rich, and in pieties slightly sandy. Everywhere seer[ it is of suitable depth Gard gttelity for ex- cellene crop production, The native vegetation, largely of various grass- es, grows luxuriously whenever them is an Adequate Mee:de of moisture, RUSSIAN FORESTS, Speenlirtors 0011 'l')nrtier Reveille' Making Them Distippeai!. The deforeeta ion of Russia i pr'ogreasing tepidly, we ere -told by Mr, Me•nalii)cov, cif the Novoye Vrpanya• (St, Petersburg). The ia- mense formats which :covered the greater.. part of that -country :ire fest' disappearing tinder the merci- less axe of -lre timber n;ereltant-and speeulator, and the'Rnssia•n people are being deprived of one of the moth esisential means or eitstainin:g life In the north—firewood. Already the oo li of -,this most vital necessity has doubled in places which were considered immune from . wood fa- mine. Even Moscow, we are told, suffered from lack of it last winter, and some public and eine-le-talk in- stitutions, stash as hospitals, found- lings' homes, etc., were not seffi- ciently bea'ted• If one is to remem- ber that nearly the whole of Russia uses wood fonheating the houses' in the long winter' months, the signifi- cance of the problem which the Government will have to face ap- pears in its true light. To. quote Mr, Mene,hikov; "For many yeras, for whole de- cades, we tools no notice of the-de- ctrucbion of the forests. On the contrary, the rulling class, the mo- bility, hastened to sell out their twoded properties rather then be compelled to sell the land. Those Who sold (their forests usually did se for triflieg mane, giving the bro- kers an opportunity of earning 300; 500, and even 1,000 per cent. an their capital. Those who did not sell their own encouraged the destruction of their neighbors' for- ests, wisely supposing that the re- maining ones would rise in price. In the end the deforestation of the country assumed threatening pro portions, and when the clamor raised by the- press and learned bodies and chiefly by the landed proprietors themselves became un- bearable, the, Government inere- duced a forest conservation law. But, like the majority of our laws, the conservation was left to the will of God, With the shrewclness of the brokers and the diehonesty of the common citizen, for centuries trained in the art of circumventing the law, forest conservation has in many ,places been turned into en amusing, comedy. Me destruction' of the forests, even now, goes on in full blast, and the meet important of elements which, guard the very poesibility of man's exisrten,ce in the North—the forests which' yield fuel —eye rapidly disappearing. Whit would you say if the Eeglish should be deprived of the sea; or Switzer lana] of ber mountains'? You would say that their emcl had Doane. And firewood must be considered just es vitally necessary to Russia as the sea is to English and the mountains to Switzerland. One may regret the .disappearance of -timber, but that sail in a large .degree be re- placed by. brick, iron and other construction material, Bub -fuel in. the north, in he form of fire -wood, can not he replaced,"—Literary Di- gest. 5 F TIIE lilGll COST OF LIVING. At the present time possibly iso other subject is receiving quite as much attention in Canada, es this owe. It will be a surprise to most readers to, know that during the m- eal year which ended March 31st, 1913, Canada paid $11,500,000. in duty on food; end:. all of this large sem is virtually a direct eax on the consumer. Its glancing ever; the list it is easy understand that the buying pub- lic are themselves largely to blame in many 'instances, for there are articles of food produced in Canada that are equal in every respect ±o those madein any country in the world.• In the baking powder line aloud there were 667,904 lbs. imported into Canada,, and this means the consumer paid in duty the enor- mous sum of $67,000. There are no better 'goods, in the world in this line than magic baking powder, and it is' made in a model sanitary up- to-date data facto y,nd can be pro w cured in any first-class store at one- half the price the imported • article sells for, Such articles ie, raisins, currants, and massy other things, which do not grow in Canada, or arenobpro- duced here, have of necessity to be imported, and the duty paid. If the consumer would devote a little theught and attention to'thie subject a large amount of money could and would be saved.—Cana- diaa Home Journal. F Grapes in Spain. The average quantity of grapes used annually in Spain for products other than wine is 'estimated at 2701000 tons, of which about 77,000 tons are made •in•to raisins, 28,000 tons of these being exported to for- eign eotinntries. • "Ah I" he :sighed, "if ,you only gave me the least hope "Gracious I" inteswltpted the hard- hearted belle, "I'vebeen giving you the least I ever gave to any man." "That horrid woman has broken up my home I" „Taken away rout• lieeliand i'' "No, ±he ocok 't sero rax t,ia"a i 1�1 au,ik --' „r' . ;ar a tete7.te ; • MY BEST FRIEND YEy/,AS 'ES 1 N BUY/N4 EAST CAKE'S BE CAREFUL TO /� SPEC/FY ROYAL CAKCS. E.\N,GILLETT CO. LTD. �/1ry`'' WINNIPEG, TORONTO. TREAL,' ,N4Il�tq CI�MPAA�UiIi1'I� 1,10 'DECUNESUBST/TOLES. , .tom HISTORY OF GENESES TRUE} interi°E, r be filled ,with light mare than before; her (shrine) E-su-eig- ga he en4.arged for the future, for bis life be built it. Its head he reared high; like a mountain be made it clofty. On these brilliant doings may Innina, my lady, look abundance of years, a .well estab- lished throne, a putting clown of up- rising's, may she as a gift bestow upon me." The inscription is interesting to Biblical scholars in that it belonged to one of the kings that Abraham, with a• handful of followers, routed at night by means of strategy. 111'C'lii DISPUTED ` CONTRO VER - Or SETTLED. Archaeologists at Yale .Announce Beading of Sumerian In- scription. Archaeologists all over the world will be.interested in an announoe- tnent•made that a Babykonian'votive offering cone just deciphered at Yale peactieally ,settles a centres versy that has been waged for years among Biblical scholars. Some years ago it was asicrted that the names of the four kings mentioned in the fourteenth chapter of Gene sis, who invaded Palestine in the days of Abraham, were "etymologi- cal inventions of imaginary charac- ters."' It was ]tell that the entire historical background for the patri- archs stories was different from that given in Genesis, By the aid of the pick and shovel and the work of the decipherer these assertions, which had been mnacle with the ut- most assurance, nee found to lie valueless, according to the Yale attthorities; 0 MERCHANTS BANK Half a Century in Business The Merchants Bank of Canada has just completed fifty years of business in Canada anti has cele- braced the half century mark by showing the best report in its his- tory. Net profits for the year amounted to $1,218,694, which is equal to 17.8 per cent. on the aver age paid-up capital for the year. Taking into account the average of Several inscriptions of Arioch both capital and the rest account, (Eri Aku) have beep published, and which amounted to $13,348,100, the several of his brother, Rim -Sin (or Bank earned 9.13 per cent., which Rim-Aku). Foam,erly these indivi- is a trifle less than was earned dur- eals were regarded as identical. ing the previous year. In view of. And, although Thureen-Dagin of the fact that the year, which just the Louvre made it reasonable that closed, was a somewhat trying one they were different persons, a num- for the banks, the showing made by ber of scholars still maintain, ac- the Merchants Bank is considered cording to the Yale authorities, that highly satisfactory. For a consider - they are he same. This dynastic able portion of the year, Canada, in tablet recently obtained for the common with other countries, en - Yale Babylonian collection, how- countered a period of depression ever, fully determines the question, which interfered with the earnings in that it shows that the last two of the banks. Exact comparisons kings of Larsa were Eri-Aku and with previous years is difticule to Rim -Sin or Aku. • make, owing to the fact that the fiscal year of the bank was changed from November .30th to April 30th These two rulers were sons of and the statement issued previews Kudur-Mabug, the Elamite, sae to the present one covered a period was also suzerain of Palestine and 05 but five months, Syria. Chedorlaomer mentioned in An' examination of the report the fourteenth chapter of Genesis, shows that gains were made in all was probably 'another son, in, the, departments of the bank's aot vi - opinion of the Yale authorities, Ac- ties, For the first .time in the his - cording to Genesis, Arioch of Larsa tory of the bank, the reserve fund and Amraphel of Shiner were Cheri- equals the paid-up capital, eaob of orlaomer's allies in the invasion. these now standing at $7,000,000, a Since the reign of Rim-Aku follow considerable gain over the showing ed that of Eri-Aku, itseemsto those for the previous year, The bank's who have studied the subject that cash holdings are $1,500,000 greater Amraphel or Hannmurapi, also than at the end of April, 1913, written Amnuurapi, must have been while savings deposits have increas- very young when the invasion took ed by $2,600,000. The bank's cur- rent loans increased during the year by over $1,000,000, and now indicating am un .t amount o'$54,700,000, that the bank habeen doing its full shale by catering to the commercial needs of the communities in which its branches are located. The total assets show a gain of almost $2,5500,- 000, and now amount to $83,120,000. During the year the bask issued new stock, on which the premium amounted to $180,000, which, with the net earnings ef, $1,218,000 and balance brought forward amounting to $401,000, made $1,800,000 avail - Able for distribution: Dividend re- quire.ments absorbed $686,000, pro fib and loss $580,000, bank premises account $1,000,000, officers pensions fund 50 Sibfor r f n $ ,000 written off dap e dation in bonds and investments $185,000, leaving $248,000 to be carried forward, A feature of the bank's report was the large pressor- tion of quickly available assets, Well represent over 36 per cent. of its total liabilities to the public. lfhis is a satisfactory bhowing, espe- cially in view of the recent financial stringency. Altogether, the show made by the bank is most encour- aging, as it shows. that good bank• leg practice anti' careful conserve-_ five manageanent characterized the .year's.,operatiosss. .At the annual meeting at was also decided to es- tablieh a•liolding Company, fora the Purpose of taking over and manag- ing the pr•ennases utilized by the bank for the housing of the various offices, - Die old, Board were re- elected, and, at a subsaquonb meet- ting, Sir 11. Montagu Allan was re- elected President and le, W. Black- well, 'Vice -President., Sons of Eudurrelabug., place. The Yale archaeologists point out that the'kn •w1 . ••h t 'tri o edge t a .t ocrh was the sone of an Elamite king, who claimed to be suzerain of Palestine and Syria, is a remarkable confer- oration. of a detail in this Old Tes- tament narrative in that it fur'nish- es a reason why Arioch of Elliman' (Lama), who was a son of an Ela- mite king, was allied with Elam. Moreover it is known that .nrra- phal of Shiner was subservient to Elam until lie overthrew its power in, its thirty-first year. The new inscription of Arioch ie the Yale BabYon collection i i n a is a votive offering in the form of a conical brick dedicated to his god- dess Inuits, or Ishtar. The Yale inscription is written in Sumerian, the non -Semitic language of the earlyperiod, and being deciphered, reads as follows "To Genesi or (Ishtar) the exalt= ed lady of splendor, priestess of hosts, the eldest daughter of the god Sin, his lady, terse-Aku, the favorite Prince of Nippur, The A Corner.' of the City Cr, • the overseer of the cities Giese and Shirpuria, who is revered in (the temple), Ebabber; king of Lusa; king of Sumer and Aocad; the be- loved lord of the harvest (or hunt), who fulfills the commands; who built anew the temples of the gods; who hid made a colossal copper statue of her kingship; who, restores its greatness to her overturned city; who truly rebuilt her wall; who truly caused to be inhabited greatly het widespread land; ex- alted of hearts. "The wormier who turns them back am I; to whom iL wide tinder - standing for the coatduot of the ecty'e work Ea hes given; foe the sake of Iniiine, the merciful lady, her holm of splendor, the awe in - Mrs, Crasey ..Ooh, Pat, whin •tree doeites. bold yez yo had something wad It Latin name to it a yar-rd long, didn't it scare ,yez 1 ' Casey— Share an' it did, Norah. But whin spicing dwelling of her joyonaheart, he only charged me dollar far :it, a,caording to its old_appctttronce., its 01 knew it didn't atnottnt oto' much. FROM MERRY OLD ERDI.AU NEWS x31' MAIL AROtl'r JO 11N 0[11i, AU Ills' i'EOPL'hl, Oenttethers in the Land '1•itn1 Reigns' Supreme In the (.ora. tile reial World, Ring George and Queen Mary opened the new wing of the British • Museum +:n ti g• 7th inst. " A statue of Abraham Lincoln will r. be ereeted oppo site 11'estmiester Abbey in I,,,nsien this year. The British Hooke of Lords reg - aeted the waman'.s franchise Bill lest we k by a vote el 104 to 60, The death is announced of Baia- ther Jaanes feraeegirdle, of Cheadle, Cheshire. who was the oldest.Odd- felIow in England. ' Shadwell Fish Market, wbioh proved a commercial failure, is now being laid out as riverside 'open epaee fur East London. Some 6,000 schooi children, each carrying a Union Jack, will greet the Ring when he visits Leys School, Cambridge, to inaugurate a new wing. The Duke of Sutherland has,pur- elras•ed Ne, 39 Postmen Square, London. The mansion was former- ly the ormerlythe residence of the late Viscount Tredega•r. Mr. Matthew. T. Fleming, of Freinnell's Billericay, Essex, and late of Glasgow, East India mer- chant, left, in addition to reales- tate, personal estate valued• at - £307, 900. Dr. John Abercrombie died on the 30th ult. at Au.gill Castle, West- mo.reland, after seven months' ill- ness. He practised for maim .years London, and retired to West- moreland some eight years ago. Mr. David McGill, the scuiptor, is to beinvitecl to execute the bronze medallion of Sydney Smith in the Parish Church at Foston -le Clay, Yorkshire, where the .cele-• brabed wit miniateeed for many years. The British coast is so well pro- tected with lighthouses that if a, ship sailed right round England, Scotland and Ireland by night only six occasions would be where it could not eee the flash of a light - ho use ,lantern. The charge for tobacco license amounts only to 5s. 3d. a year. The extent to which the trade has grown is shown by the feet that the nein- ber of tobacco licenses has in- creased from 301,242 in 1890 ±0 con- siderably over 400,000. The death tools place set North- ampton on the 28th n]•t, of • Mr. James Birt, who in 1884 won the safety bicycle championship of the world -at the Royal Aquarium. The race .Masted six days, and in one period of 48 hours Birt covered 630 males. - A Parliamentary paper stales that at the end of 1913 the total num- ber of insured persons was 10,846,- 700 in England, 720,000 in Wales, 1,492,000 in Scotland and 700,100 in Ireland—making an aggregate for the United Kingdom 'of 13, 759,400. "Caesar," the favorite deg of the late Ring Edward, died on the 19th ult, It was an Irish terrier, and used to accompslny Ring Bdward on his railway journeys to different parts of the country. Me lag wore, attached to its collar, a sil- ver medal inscribed, '.'I am 'Cae- sar,' the Ring's dig," DRE.UIS AiD DISEASE. Remarkable Feels Regarding .Their Relation. What is a dream i Many leave tried to pierce the mystic veil Ibat divides sleeping .and waking life. Dreams and -•heir portents have formed the life study of numerous scientists ; but, strangely enough, little progress has been -srnade in the scientific itnclersitanding o£ theins. Professor Freud, a well-known own scholar and investigator, voices same remarkable feces regarda ng • the- relation of disease to dreams, "Dream's of patients suffering with or.gani•c da'sease of the hastib and kidneys are sometimes greatly troubled by terrors anti. wild phan- tasies, This I have often seen in fevers and in the acute infeetioes diseases generally. "Stich a-synuptostt " says the pro- fessor. Pik evidence of a disordered, bodily state, in which th-e nervous system is reacting to some toxic or mechanical stirnuilus of consider able intensity. One patient need iii dream again and again' thee a eats had him by the throat, and was slowly' choking him to death. This mental agony would continue until heawakenedepontaneouSly with a sensation of gm caib to .neencas and fetiness in the throat. He Bevel- oped finally es cancer of the Unmet - 'Where ouch dreams occur again. sad again we eshould seek fox the cease of the ;zed' thesesef helbody;its it swrane local- Duting the operations of the V1 - Aber Volunteer Force in county Donegiii, Col. ';Cockett Patin Wee Wove from his horse and kjelsed on ills head, He was taken to Iron. deederey!,•"