The Brussels Post, 1913-10-9, Page 6?el
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HONEST TEA IS
THE BEST POLICY
LARGEST—SALE
tN THE WOLD
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WATCHERS OF THE WARD
NURSE'S LIFE AT A. GREA.
LONDON HOSPITAL.
T
Work and Worries of the Minister-
ing Angels in the Institu-
tions.
"In two months I had an average
of fifty visits a week to make to the
worst parts of the East End at all
hours of the day and night: one week,
indeed, I got but eighteen hours'
sleep."
It was a girl of twenty-four or twen-
ty-five who spoke—a nurse at one of
the great London hospitals; and she
Was telling something of her life, says
London Answers. It is easy to weave
romance into the work of a hospital
nurse; It Is not so easy for the gently.
nurtured, well-bred woman to per•
ceive anything but its drudgery, its
hardships, and sometimes its dangers.
After Long Years.
For the work of a hospital nurse
does not consist of sitting in airy,
well -lighted hospital wards by a suf-
ferer's bedside "soothing his brow
with her fair white hand." She has
the grlmest, hardest work that a wo-
man could well undertake for a com-
pensation which, measured in money,
Is utterly inadequate.
There is no royal road to hospital
nursing. A girl, whatever her her
octal rank and influence, begins at
the bottom. An interview with a
kindly, shrewd matron who swiftly
judges her temperament and adapt-
ability, a stringent medical examin-
ation, and she begins a long and ar-
duous apprenticeship which may ex-
tend from two to four years before
she gains the coveted nurse's certi-
ficate.
For two years she is a probationer
—the errand -girl and general factotum
of the sister and nurse in charge of
a ward, though, of course, her duties
are very strictly mapped out.
At Duty's Call.
She gets eighteen pounds a year and
her uniform—something less than
many servants—and may, if she sticks
to the life, rise to £30 or so at the
end of about four years. She can
become a "staff nurse" at the end of
two or three years, but has to spend
some period with the hospital at a
reduced salary as compensation for
her training.
Nurses have thoroughly to learn
their profession. There is no such
thing as a "born nurse." From the
moment she dons her uniform her
every moment is occupied. In the
well -organized hospitals there Is no
excuse for laxity or unpunctuality.
Every duty has to be done to the
second. Medicine has to be admin-
istered, beds made, unruly patients
soothed, meals given, and lectures at-
tended in the twelve hours' turn of
daytime duty. There is work, inces-
sant work. Many give up in the first
few months, but there are others who
remain—women whose indomitable
spirit Is often greater than their phy-
sical strength.
Often the soft•footed, dainty -handed
nurses are more 111 than the patients
they attend. They know they have
but to say a word and they will have
everything that skill and sympathy
can suggest. Yet too often the word
never panes their lips, and they go I
on till the inevitable breakdown I
comes. The writer knows of one
nurse who held to her duty to the
last. One night she attended an oper-
ation; within a few days she was
dead.
Merely Spring Cleaning.
It is 'known that medical students
often faint when first witnessing an I
operation; what, then, must be the
effect on the delicate imagination and
highly -strung nerves of a girl?
In most hospitals the period of
nurse's duty Is three monthe' day
work and three months' night work.
At night there is a full twelve hours
in'the ward with no respite for meals
as in the daytime. Even when there
are lectures to be attended the nurse
must steal the time from her sleep.
Nothing is spared the apprentice
nurse. She has to take her share in
every part of the work of the hospital.
There is a touch of humor about the
experience of one girt She was trans -
THE
UNION TRUST GO.
LIMITED
QUARTERLY DIVIDEND
140Gioe le hereby given that a
Dividend of Two and Cinched/ Por
Cont. for the ottrrent quarter, be-
ing at the rate of
IO% Per Ainneerea
on the Paid-up Otteitre. Dt001X af
thlo Corporation, has been &clan
ed, and that the Same will be Pal,
able on and eller Wednesday, the
First Day of Oetabet neat, to
Shereholders of record at the cisco
of boasters( on the teth day of
Denteelher,
By order of the Board I
JO= M. McWP4N0,
General leesseer.
ferred from ward to ward in the ordi•
nary way until at last she appeared
before the matron and expressed her
wish to resign. She was willing to
pay the sum which all probationers
are liable to if they give up before
the period to which they have bound
themselves expires.
"Weil, I am sorry that you think of
leaving us," said the matron. "But,
at any rate, you have learned some.
thing while you have been in the
hospital."
"I don't know," replied the girl
doubtfully. "I have spent most of
my time spring-cleaning,"
It appeared that by a coincidence
eaoh of her transfers coincided with
the commencement of spring-cleaning
in the particular wards to which she
was allotted.
A curious fact is that many nurses
are found to volunteer for what must
be the hardest work in the profession.
They become district nurses attached
to the hpspital, and at any minute of
the day they may be called on.
Way Down East.
Take, for Instance, the huge area In
the East End which looks to the Lon-
don Hospital for relief. District nur-
ses—whb must not be confused with
parish nurses—are on duty at all
hours—they must go out when called
upon. There is a regular round of
daily visits, but even when they are
over a girl is never certain that she is
done. It was in reference to this work
that the remark quoted at the begin-
ning of this article was made by a
nurse. "While district nursing I never
have had one full night in bed," she
said.
There are places where even the
police never venture except in pairs.
But no slum is too squalid, no neigh-
borhood too reckless to daunt these
slim young girls on their errands of
mercy. The wildest ruffian in Lon-
don, even those who would not stick
at murder would hesitate before in-
terfering with "the green charity"—
a nickname, born of the green cloaks
and bonnets that the nurses wear.
The nurses, who, before they entered
the hospital service, may never have
taken a dozen steps in the well -lighted
West End without protection, go fear-
lessly to and fro to streets of evil re-
pute without escort, and unprotected
save for the uniform they wear, If
there were a ruffin daring enough to
molest one he would meet short shrift.
The grade of "sister" in charge of
a ward la a promotion that not every
nurse can afford to receive. The pay
is higher, but it is swallowed up in a
score of ways --ornaments and flowers
for the ward, little presents for the
patients, and so on. The staff nurses
and probationers also feel the drain,
but not to the same extent. The
"sister" is responsible for a ward, but
the others are her assistante. In one
respect she is more comfortable; she
is spared a great deal of night duty.
At night the ward "sisters" are off
duty. One there is who supervises
the entire hospital, but in the wards
there are only the nurses and proba-
tioners.
By Voluntary Contributions.
While hospitals are supported by
charity of the public, it is impossible
that the comparatively meagre remun-
eration given to nurses can be in-
creased.
This, perhaps, is one of the rea-
sons why there is a dearth of com•
petent nurses at many hospitals, and
why so much is performed by those
who do exlat. Obviously, the salary
paid to a nurse is no standard by
which her value to a hospital can be
judged. For instance, when a nurse
is loaned to one hospital from another
the sum paid for her services may
range from two to four guineas a
week—and this although her actual
salary may be only £80 a year. Sim-
ilar sums are charged when a nurse
is sent to a private house.
Great Britain owes much to its hos-
pital nurses, whose quiet, devoted ser-
vices meet with so little reward. Only
great enthusiasm for the relief of suf.
tering And a resolute gallantry, far
beyond that which has won many
men fame, could enable these women
to live the livethey do.
BLACK BREAD BEST FOOD.
German Scientist Recommends It
For the Working Classes.
Dr. Kunert, one of the highest au-
thorities In Germany on food analysis,
considers that black rye bread should
be the chief item of nourishment of
healthy men and women, and main-
tains that, in earlier timer:, when the
working onuses did not eat meat to
any extent, but nourished themselves
on black bread, leguminous food and
groats, they were full of pith, and
were strong and healthy.
Sine° meat, wheaten bread and
sugar became the staples of daily fare
their power of resisting disease has
sunk. Evert for weak stomachs Dr,
Kunst prefers blank bread.
A student had been bragging of
his various accomplishments until
One of the company, losing hie pa-
tience, mid; "Now, we have heard
quite enough of what you can do;
just tell us what; you can't do, and
undertake to do it myself,
-
"Indeed; well, I can't pay my bill,
and run very glad to find that you
can do it," replied the student,
Amid the hilarity of the eorepany
the guest redeemed his rash pros
mise.
IRE WORLD IN REYEW
.43MINDIMOVOIMINUMMaini•IN.arnill
Soy SeoUte and militarism.
It le rather diCtlealt to noderetand what
fe meant by the tharge that the Dor
Semite are being militarised. If it could
be shown that any 'Leonides were at Work
to ell the boys' heads with dreams of
military ooncineet and to inspire them
with distrust and hatred of Germans and
Americans and Japanese, it would bo the
duty of every good eit,iaen to prothet. No-
body hati oharged, however, that the
minds of the boys are being thus poison-
ed, All that. has been done apparently
is to Impress upon the boys ono of the
fundamental duties of eitiaenship, the
importance of being trained to defend
their eountry if it should be threatened
by an invader. 18 this miechievous teach.
Ing? Ts it rromothing that ought not to
be impressed upon bit eboys?
Be Prepared" has been the motto of
the Boy Woouts ever since the organist.
tion was formed. They aro trained to
Astigtitria,r5d.loa mai.eoneyaintaanyce.rgr dolt/ g.t
shown of Boy Scouts risking and even
secrifloing their lives in order to save
the lives of others or to protect their
property. They are wheeled in the craft
of the woodsman, taught to find "sermons
in atonal. books in the running brook..
to be givil, cleanly. obedient to authority,
respeOtful to their elders and helpful to
eaoh other. If to this training le to be
added training In simple military man.
oeuvres and in the handling of arms,
what harm will be done? To condemn
this trebling is to insult every volunteer
in Canada, and to imply that he le CM -
gaged in something disgraceful when he
turns out for drill.
A Mistaken Idea.
It le a very general orror of under-
standing that when the Panama Canal
is completed the waters of the Atlantic
will rneet and mingle with these of the
Pacific. They will not, unless they meet
down at Cape Horn. There has been a
half accepted theory that the waters of
the Pacific ars on a higher level than
those of the Atlantic on thle aide at the
lethzuns, and several writers have said
that a swift current might flow through
the oanal. The error loeaeily discerned
when one thinks for a moment.
The canal le not ou the water level, but
far above it, nearly 100 fee.t On the Ate
Matto side the canal has been out some
distance 'eland to where the mountain
begins to rise, and there a great look Is
built, and when a ship enters it, it Is
raised up to the level of the canal by
means of river water, not sea, Crossing
the mountain by canal and lake full of
fresh water, the elite 15 let down into
the salt water on the Pacific side. The
salt waters do not meet, but are almost
as far apart as ever.
A Freak suggestion. .
One Ernest Archdearen, described as
the mast prominent patron of aviation
in Prance, ennies to the front with the
'Meet freak suggestion of peeudo-science.
10. Archdeacon finds himself jaded with
the tedious pace of a. 12.5-mile.an-hour
plane and the monotony of being cobbl-
ed. cribbed and confined in the present
airlanes, and be proposes being shot to
various, parts of the volar system by ra-
dium power. Ile figures that with twenty -
novae kilograms of radium aboard a pro.
jectile weighing a ton could be sent to
the moon in forty-nine hours, and with
400 kilograms a visit might be made to
Pewee,
Ultimately, so runs the prophecy, the
Inhabitants of all the planate will make
mica other's acquaintance and inter-
planetary congresses will be held. M.
Archdeacon seems to forget that atmos-
phere to breathe is ono of the little con.
veniencee which earth dwellers might
miss in a journey to our airless *mtg.
lite and that they might also And the
temperature of Venus a little too high
for comfort. Besides, radium le already
so seams as to be a ooneiderable Item in
the cast of living, and we have other
usee for it than as. fuel for interplanetary
lImlted expresses.
Huge Law Costs.
Herr Thyseen, an ironfounder, who be.
gun life in humble circumstances, is one
of the five or six richest men lu Gemma 9,
and lu Industry hie importance can 0111-
lenge that of the Xruppe. His son, after
incurring heavy debts, was offered oar
tain terms by the father on the condition
that these were to settle definitely the
share in the father's estate that should
devolve to him - t death. The son main.
tained that theoffer was oonsiderably
smaller than he was entitled to, and
brought suit against hie father. The son
hes twice lost themuse, and now hae
pealed. Already, however, the coete of
the ease amount to 82,048,750, as estimated
01319 at the rate Axed by the rogulatione
of Prussian procedure.
Sundry expenditures have to be added
to this amount and it is estimated that
the total costs will have amounted to
very nearly $2,600,000. When the case has
been disposed of for a third and last time,
()oats exacted by the court to the extent
of 0450,000 and couneel'e fees amounting
to 8104,000 will have to be added, making
a total outlay of $2,602,760, The beide for
this exorbitant expenditure is the amount
of money in dispute, which 00105 no less
than 517,600,000. But one may ask would
it not have been better for the con to 1)5
satisfied witk a nest egg of over $17,000,-
000 rather than the full-fiedged bird to
which he thought ho wee entitled?
SEA BIRD PARADISE.
Millions of Fowl Inhabit Lonely
Spot Near Honolulu.
Laysan Island, a dot on the chart,
situated in the Pacific' Ocean, 800
miles west of Honolulu, is coarsely
three miles long, with a levee in
the 'centre, and were it not for its
binds it would be the loneliest epot
on the globes
Myriads of see -fowl fill the air
and cover the ground. As far as
the eye can see, the island is dot-
ted with lordly albetroeses, the
snowy whitenese of their heads and
lower paths glistening in the semi-
tropical sun. Thousands of
swallows or terns dart back and
forth !through the air, and keep up
a pa.ndernonium enough to drive
men to madness.
Visiting Laysan, one hoe diffi-
culty, if he wiehee to °roes the is-
land, to avoid crushing the eggs of
terns, and as one prooeeds he is
oontenually breaking through the
roof's of petrel burrow's, whioh
everywhere honeycomb the soil.
The bird population is so exterse
sive that all donot 'nest on the sur -
feet,. but instead live tenement-
faeleon. Some, like the petrels and
thearwaters, must tunnel benearbh
the sand and rear their young in.
derkness. Others occupy the
ground floor, and foremost among
these are the albeerosscs, terns and
tropic birds,
Two etriking fads at once im-
press the visitor; the countless
numbers of birds and their sun'
prising fameness. They pay little
01 100 attention as one 'movers among
them.,
There are literelly a million alba -
trove nestling oe this tine atoll,
end they dninM ali the other
birds as rulers of they demain.
The old birds speed Inuish time
•in a curious dance, Or, perhay
more appropriately, ti, "Leaks:walk.
Firth, two birds! approach
other, bowing profoundly and ate
ping heaviiy. They en'sgger 140'
each other, nodding and ecrurtes
ing solemnly, thee suddeinly bogi
to fence a little, (noosing bills an
whetting them together, eemetini
with a whistling eound.
All at once a bird lifts its close
wing and nibbles at the feethe
beneath, or theely, if in a hurr
quickly turns its head The par
ner clueing this short perfermame
assumes a. etetuesque, pose, en
either looks mechanieselly from aid
to side, or metes its bill loudly
few times, Then the first bit'
once, and, pointing its head
and beak straight upward, rises o
its tees, Puffs out its breast, en
utters a prolonged nasal "Ah-hshe
Early in the morning they hi
themselves off to eea and scour th
waves for the elusive squid, whits
ie a staple article of diet, for th
larger membere of the vast bir
population, Then, about sunrise
the white company 'begins to retur
and the mothers give the babie
their breakfasts, regurgitatin
squid and oil.
At this single meal eaoh youn,
albatross oonsuanes from a pound to
a pound and a half of squids', and
as there aro fully re million, birds
old and young, the daily aggregate
would surpass 600 tons.
The albatroesee live 011 Laysan
fully nine months of the year. Dur-
ing the last days of Otteber, before
the winter, therms set in, the mighty
arms. appeara.
Health More Than Wealth.
It is a well-known fact that the
three richest men in the world
would gladly barter the greater
portion of their' wealth for good
health—literally speaking, for a
good digestion. A perfect digestion
is the secret of buoyancy and eltal-
ity of a really healthy man. The
state of your body acid ruled at the
time you partake of a meal are a
big feature as to the ultimate geed
the food will do you. If physically
and mentally tired, always rest for
at least ten minutes before eating.
Bad temper is enough to give you
indigestion, whilst cheerful com-
pany and interesting talk causes
the muscles ancl juices of the stone
aoh to work properly. It seems in-
credible that such ulterior forces
should be of importance, but
science will not be denied, oner
than eat when not properly hungry,
miss a meal. Never take food more
thara three times a, day; use will
soon accustom you to this habit.
Take your meals in a well -ventilat-
ed room.
DIDN,T44—KNOW
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That Tea and Coffee Cause Trouble.
So common is the use of tea or
coffee as a beverage many do not
know that they are the cause of
many obscure ails which are often
attributed to other things.
The easiest•way to find out for
oneself is to quit the tea and coffee
for a while, at least, and note re-
sults. A lady found out in this way,
and also learned of a new beverage
that is wholesome as well as plea-
sant to drink, She writes :
"I am 40 yeare old and all my
life, up to a year and a half ago, 1
had been a coffee drinker.
"Dyspepsia., severe headaches
and heart weakness made me feel
sometimes as though I was about to
die. After drinking a cup or two
of hot coffee, my heart would go
like a clock -without a pendulum.
At other times it would almost stop
and I was so nervous 1 did not like
to be alone." Tea is jug aS harm-
ful, because It contains caffeine,
the same drug found in coffee.
"If I took a tvalk for exercise, as
SOOn as I WAS out of sight of the
house I'd feel as if 1 was sinking
and this would frighten me terribly.
My limbs would utterly refuse to
support mo, and the pity of it all
was I did not know that coffee was
causing the trouble,
"Reading in the papers that
many persons were relieved of such
ailments by leaving off coffee and
drinking Postum, I got my husband
to bring home a package, We made
it according to directions and I
liked the first cup. Its rich anappy
fla`rhrawvowsdelicious,
'1
usinggPostum about
eighteen months, and to my great
joy, digestion is good, my nerves
and heart are all right, in fact, I
am a well woman once more, thanks
t°P°setu7
Na,mn. by Canadian Postum
Co, Windsor, Ont. Write for copy
of the little book, "The Road to
Wellvillc
e2)
Postumomes in two forms:
Regular POstunt — must be well
b°lIiitesdta'ut Poetilin is a soluble pow-
der. A teaspoonful dissolves quick-
ly it a cup of hot water and, With
cream and sugar, makes a delicious
beverage inetantly. Grocers sell
bot`'llThkebriecIsv
sa reason" for Postern,
,p ---
Too Much.
Mrs. Illew—Oh, dodos, what ails
him?
Doctor — Ilhettmetoral erthritie
Mrs. Blew—Oh, doctor, we are i
very poor—ean't you make it some-
thing plainer
immoolloommummom.Sr.111
1
READ THE LABEL
COR 'THE PROTECTION 05' THE CON-
" euesn 1'148 INGREDIENTS ARE
PLAINLY PRINTED ON THE LABEL. IT
IS THE ONLY WELL-KNOWN MEDIUM -
P ffalc,rED BAKING POWDER MADE IN
Aft M AND WHICH HAS ALL THE
CAlreDA THAT 0085 NOT CONTAIN
REDIENTS PLAINLY STATED 011
THE LABEL.
MAGIC BAKING POWDER
CONTAINS NO ALUM
ALUM IS SOMETIMES REFERRED re AS SUL-
PHATE OF ALUMINA OR soDlc ALUMINic
SULPHATE. THE PUBLIC SHOULD NOT BE
MISLED BY THESE TECHNICAL NAMES.
E, W. GILLETT COMPANY LIMITED
WINNIPEG TORONTO, ONT. MONTREAL
CATCHING THE lk
ILO PONIES
ROW PRE ROUNDING -UP IS
DONE IN ENGLAND.
Something About Britain's ma
Horses and How Ownership
Is Determined.
"Wild horses I" It will be a sur-
prise to many to hear that such
a-nimals exist in England. Yet
there are at least three traces of
country in England itself where
horsea—or, rather, ponies—live in
a wild condition. That is to say,
they roam at large, they are nob
artificially fed, and they face every
kind of weather without being af-
forded artificial protection. These
teethe are the forests of Dartmoor
and Exmoor and the New Forest,
says London Answers.
Get it out of your head, please,
that is. `forest" has anything to do
with trees. There are ,precious few
trees on Dartmoor or Exmoor ; and,
although it is true parts of the Nsw
Forest are heavily wooded, even
there one may find greet, spaces,
covered only with bracken and hea-
ther, lying open to the sky.
Each forest has its' own breed of
ponies, which have existed there
from time immemorial; and, al-
though all the animals have owners,
vet many roam unmolested all their
Marked with Owners' Bfialld.S.
Their only mark of identification
is a brand put on with a, hot iron.
In .order to brand the young Dart-
moor ponies there is a regular
drive, or "drift," once a year in
the autumn. All the moormen, turn
out, and beat the whole vast moor,
finally driving all the animals into
an enclosure, where they are sepa-
rated out, and the "suckers"—as
the young ones are called—are
marked with their owners' brands.
Very much the Settle sort of thing
takes piece aenually on Exmoor.
But in the New Forest the case is
different. For one thing, there are
many more owners, and numbers of
these men have to work hard at
various or:impatiens, and could not
spare the time for a regular
"drift," or round -up. So there ie
nothing of the sort, in the New For-
est; and when a pony has to be
caught for branding the owner
usually waits until some friend; or
perhaps an "agister," tells where-
abouts it may probably be found,
and then he immediately rides off
and drives it in.
New Foseet ponies are known as
"colts," and the law laid down by
the Court of Verderers is that all
colts must be branded with their
owners' special brand,
And Also Tail -Marked.
The branding, once done, lasts for
a lifetirme; but the tail -mask, quite
separate from the owner's brand,
is less lasting, and the animal has
to be caught again for the purpose
of renewing it.
Tho Forest is divided into four
'walks," over eaoh of which pre -
aide's an "agister," appointed by
the verderers to see that no pony
is turned out unless, duly marked.
Each of these four wail, has its
particular tail -mark, quite separate
from litho owner's brand, and it is,
naturally, aegreat aesistanee to an
owner colt -hunting if the aelster
can tell him that his animal 1, still
in it5 proper quarter, or hes .ray-
ed to some other pert of the Forest.
Supposing an owner hears that a
mare with a Ducker that he wants
to brand is "haenting" in some
particular pert of the Forest, The
first thing ho does is to try to, get
a, friend to helphim. Then the two,
mounted on sturdy penies, start out
early in the morniers. The ponies
they ride have halters or: besides
their bridles, and the owner carries
A. Pair of Field Glasses,
if he peseesses such things or can
borrow them. The riders probably
•carry some breed and cheese in
thole pockets, for the hunt often is
apt to be a long job.
Arrived at the spot where the
Mare was lath seen, they sem and
examine the various 'groups visible
trough the glasses!. If the mere
spotted then, of 'course, comes
,ho job of tutting. her out.
Nice work it la, too, for she is
almost sure to go off at full tilt.
And the Forest is no country to
ride hard in. There are dangerous
bees, heavy thickets, and, worse
still, gravel pit e and deep ruts half
hidden under the heather.
Sometimes the mare makes
straight for the thicket covert and
hides. Sometimes. ehe simply goes
straight away, and then there is
nothing for it but to gallop in pur-
suit.
The owner does not necessarily
driv,her hick home in order to do
the branding. Any enclosure will
do. And so soon as the young one
is branded off he and his mother
gallop, and once again find them-
selves free as the wind.
101
SOME EVERYDAY PHRASES.
How a Casual Renmrk Becomes a
Common Saying.
"What is' a -peculiar phrase?"
someone once naked. "Something
we all repeat like eserrots, without
knowing its real origin or mean-
ing," was the reply of the cynic;
and to a certaist extent he was
right. How many of us, for in-
stance, can tell how these common
phrases "tuft -hunters" and "fools'
paradise" arose ? We have an idea
that the former refers to the person
who seeks the society and apes the
manners of the upper ten, but why
tuft? And why paleelise for the
fool who shuts his eyes to threaten-
ing teoubles and dangers, satisfied
with the enjoyment of the moment?
As a matter of feet, the latter
phrase originated in the theological
argument that there is a place for
fools just outside paradise, while
the term tuft -hunting took its rise
et the universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, where tut one time the
young nobleman wore a. peculiarly
formed cep with a tuft, which pro-
suinably attracted hangers-on.
It is related that Holeson's
choice arose from the fact that Hob -
eon, a rested caerier in Cambridge,
would only let out his horses and
coaches for thire in rotation, refus-
ing to allow his cue -mars to
choose, a customer being compelled
to take the horse nearest the dose.
Thus it became cuetoanary, when
anything was forced upon ono, to
say "ECobson's
Eating humble pie ie a phrase
which really arose from the *army -
tion of the word Disables as num-
bles the coarser paths of a deer
killed in hunting, wheel, when
made into a pie, were formerly re-
served for the lower hunt servants;
while cooking his goose is a phrase
which originated when the king of
Sweden, on approaching a hostile
town, excited the contempt of the
inhabitants by the smallness of his
army, To express this they hung
out a goose for hire to shoot at,
whereupon the king set fire to the
town to "cook their goose,"
Long ago unscrupulous people
used to take e cat in os bag to mar-
ket, where they tried to sell it for
a pig, If, however, a purehaeer
opened the beg 'before buying, the
cat, of course, jumped out, display-
ing the fraud. Hence the term
"letting the met out of the bag,"
"Going to the doge" corns from
the s,s4, where dogs aro scavengers
of the streets, and beooane DO un-
clean as to be unfit to 'touch; while
the expression "Toll ie to the mar-
ines," used to show disbelief in the
truth of the story, arose fnoan the
fact that when the marines first
went afloat they were naturally
very green oonoerning medical af-
fairs, and someone who related a
very tall yarn was told to "tell it
to the marines," the idea being
that they could bo more' easily
It is a curios% fate that the'
phrase, "bald as Si badeer," owes
its origin to authors of the past who
.had no exact knowledge of natural
history, and whos because the fore-
head of a badger is covered with
smooth hairs, came to the conclu-
sion that it was htta
Years ago a the/ethical malinger
-
of the bogus type had in, his eonl-
peny an fo0I)Or Whose strong point
wan the ghost in Menke, his sal-
ary eves not forthcoming on Save
day, the actor would 'exclaim,
"Merl the ghost will not walk to-
night," a phrase which is shull used
by 'macre on peseley, and \relish
provides a eleiking illustration of
how a casual remark becomes a
common Seyieg.
The course of true love often
leads to metrimony,
TOOLS SOWN UP IN WOUNDS
TILE CARELESSNESS OP SOBS
DOCTORS.
Patients Cart'y Away Doctors' Pro.'
perty and Also Some
Germs.
Hardly a week goes by that some
patient who has undergone an op-
eration does not find that he has
been enriched by, a pair of scissors,
a lancet, a piece of gauze, a finger
ring, or some eh -eller foreign body,
whieh, through the negligence of
the surgeon or his aseistante, has
boon sewn up in the wound.
How it happens that eveo the
best surgeons are thus frequently
exposing !themselves to the charge
of gross carelessness or even mal -
practise can be snore easily account-
ed for than exeused.
In the up-to-the-minute hospitals
no operation, however simple, is
performed by a surgeon single-
handed. TJeually the operating sur-
geon is assisted by at least two or
three other doctors, three envies
and an .anaesthetist, besides an
orderly who carries the various
articles needed back and forth. Sell
of the doctors and nurses are fully
covered from head to foot in white
sterilized linens. Their heeds,
arms, faces and hair are thorough-
ly disinfected, and even eyeglasses
and finger rings are carefully freed
of germs.
Stitching euleirly Done.
After the incision has been made
the busy assistants and nurses deft-
ly and in a flash stitch up eaoh
bleeding spot. So quickly is this
accomplished nowadays that even
in a tedious operation on the kid-
bnieoya .or appendix lasting several
loses more than a thimbleful of
oci
hours it is rarely that the patient
Between the skillful moves of the
chief surgeon the others stanch the
drops of blood with pincers, for-
ceps, needles and sterile game°.
Everything that roaches the wound
is thoroughly sterilized and per-
fectly free of germs.
But with twenty busy hands,
twenty busy fingers and thumbs, all
itt work at the same time over a
gaping wound and handling many
hundreds of small instruments such
as lancets, -scalpels, forceps, eels -
sera, needle holders, bits of gauze
and silk, it is hardly any wonder
that every now and then one of the
instruments or a pieoe of gauze is
stitched up in the wound.
Aecording to the doctors, none of
these "foreign bodies," if free of
germ lite can do any harm,
man tissues, they point out, cannot
be injured by steel, iron, gold,
nickel -plated or linen materials.,
Instruments, gauze, or even rub-
ber, may be allowed to remain itt a
clean-cut wound for years without
harm of any kind resulting.
But despite the utmost care of
the nurses responsible for the ster-
ilizing of the instruments and other
articles to be used in the operation
it is quite possible that germs may
still remain or find lodgement after
the sterilizing process , has bean
oompleted.
Despite the assurances of the doc-
tors, therefore, the patients inter-
ested '9,re loth to admit that foreign
bodies thus left in their wounds can
in no way harm them. It is true
that the only reason a splinter, a
rusty nail, a pin 01 a needle that
gots into one's throat, foot or fin-
ger ceases damage, sometimes
death, is became of dirt and mi-
crobes that cling to them. _Although
everything enimate and inanimate
that gets near the white -marbled
operating rooms of ,a modern hospi-
tal is supposed to be made free of
ultra -microscopic life,
it is conceiv-
able that germs may find their way
into even those well -guarded pre-
cincts.
The viewpoint of the patient rae
ther than that of the surgeons is
the one which has been taken by
the courts,
The microbe, about which we
hear so much nowadays, is surely
the most amazing, as he is the most
aecommodatirg, of created things.
He can and does make his home
everywhere—in the earth, the air,
and in water. The soil holds me
crobes in uncountable
billions make their hard beds even
in coal and chalk; the air literally
swarms with them—there is mul-
tiple death in every breath WO
draw. They are in the mouths and
hair of all men, as well as on the
wail of their houses and in all
they eat said drink. But the babit-
take they love best is milk. In a
wineglassinj an heur old, 1,R,go,0v
of them have been calculated.
Seven hours later, the ntunber had
grown to two millions; and by the
time the hour hand had been twice
er170 s,—
more round the dial,,utileoehesoiluz-
veriled no fewthan million
rotighly half file pop
rope. All these le one small
draught of milk 1 If you wero to
dip a pert into the glass, you could
remove many thousands of them en
its point, so microscopically small
are they!