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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1913-10-2, Page 6THE WORLD IN REVIEW old -Aga Pensions And Pauperism. In one respect Britain's old -age pension 8yatem hya fully justified, if not surpassed, expectations. Pauperism among people over 70 years of age has doollned 75 per per cent., while in many neral districts a pauper of that age fe almost unknown. Outdoor relief to aged people has declin- ed 95 per eent. Some critics of the system say th these figures have little meaning, been what the state $aves in one direction rays out 1n another, and that 1t mak bat little difference whether a man is state pensioner or a pauper. This vi will not be approved by any real etude of soeiat and moral problems. A Pension p.ud by the community As a matter ,luetice to one thing; relief of paupers whether in pooncerxeee or of the outdoor variety, is a very different thing. epeoter of the poorhouse ptoduees an feet quite unlike that of the prospect a peueion,. Moreover, paupers are supported local taxation, while the pension sya1e reefs on national finance. Communtti have been relieved of heavy burdens; th even feel the benefit of the cireulatlon of the money received by the pensioners. The -weekly stun is only $3.36, and In many cases this means starvation. An early increase in the rate is quite probable, whereas a return to the old plan ie en- tirely out of the question, Americans Learn From Britain. George W. Perkins, of New York, who has been abroad eine June, motoring through the British Islee, says that peo- ple wheeled look upon the United States as In two sections, one part a America and the other the state of New "York. The political' situation in New York is a die- grneo to the civilized world and It ought to be straightened out at any coat. "ifl80100 Englishmen would oomaeroveer here and teach our people to build roads. There bad been $100.000.000 anent on high- ways iu the state o1 New York in the past fow years and what have we to show for it? The roads in England and Ireland are built to last and not torn up by automo- biles in a few months. "Fifteen 000 semi-trustsrinaEngl there now there are upwards of 50,000. And these trusts are not continually prosecuted and pereecnt- ed by the Goverlunent, but are fostered and encouraged, I visited the steel manu. featuring distrfots; there is great activ- ity; the people are all busy and apparent. ly contented although they aro not eo well housed as the workers in this coun- try. I trovelhvl many thousands of miles through England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. and I do not believe I saw as many as 100 new houses or buildings of recent construction. Another point on which the English People are much more liberal in their views than the Government and people of this Country le that of banking. There Is one bank in London which alone has de- posits of -$500,000,000. W11io11 is more than one-third of the total deposits of all the banks in New York together. Yet there is no cry of money monopoly or anything of that kind in England.' The Fisheries of Canada. It is 310 exaggeration to stats that Can ada possesses the most extensive asherle in the world. Abundant supplies of alI the principal commercial food fishes, i eluding salmon, lobsters, herring, ma keret, sardines, haddock, cod halts an al waters. The roast line c1 the Atlanta Provinces from the Bay of Fundy to th Straits of Belle Iele, without taking into at it EA ow way that they may be flattened out later into fairly rectangular pieces. of sm, of. of am pieces, which are then clamped be- en tween metal plates on the circum- ference of a large wheel, which re- volves slowly, dipping them into a tank of cold water, thereby cooling and hardening them in shape, They are then sorted according to size and sawed into strips of various lengths stud thicknesses preparatory to running them through the oomplioated and ingen- ious little machines which out the teeth. To eliminate waste, the combs are always out in pairs, the back .of each colnob being formed by one edge of the strip, with the teeth interlocking down the centre. Ae the strips are fed into the mach- ines the cutting is done by small blades, or dies, which are automa- tically carried down the centre of the strip, slightly shifting their angle for eaoh stroke. The final re- sult is a. wide zigzag out from, ono end of the strip to the other. The two combs are then pulled apart. One of the heavy .teeth ant the end' of each comb is left standing out at an angle. .This is heated and press- ed into dace, However, the combs are still too crude to be put on the market, even sas the cheapest grade. The teeth are square, blunt and rough, and a great deal of grinding and polishing remains to be done, and the teeth have to be pointed by run- ning the comb through another machine. este holders and pipe stems. The other by-product of the factory, the horn dust, which is collected by the blower system that has been in- stalled, is disposed of to fertilizer manufacturers. When the tips have been cut off the ,horns are iu the form of truncated cones, which, if split straight from end to end, would spread out into fan shapes. As these shapes are not economical to cut from, the operators give the horns a peculiar spiral twist as they press them against the revolv- ing eaves, cutting them in such a The next operation to that of cleaning, softening.and flattening: A few minutes of boiling is euffi- cieut for this, the horns, uncurling and coming out into flat, limber n- The first grinding is accomplish - a ed by ?Weans of emery wheels, but - one of the most interesting opera- Polleek, are caught in Canadian territeri e tions of the process is. the prelims aoconnt thelesser bays and indentations, meaattre over 5,000 miles, and along this great stretch are to he found innumer- able natural harbors and coves, in many of which valuable fish are taken in con- siderable quantities with very little ef• Balkan Recuperation. At the clone of the Balkan -Turkish war it was said that commercial travellers had kept out of the Balkan States for ea months and declared that it would be six years before industry, could regain its ground. Deetitntton v1 tho larger cities of Berrie, Bulgaria, Greece, and Maoo (Ionia, lir. Benjamin Marsh reported on the evidence of private letters, was wide spread, and the governments unable to meet the demand even for bread. The first war had cost the Balkan allies. about 8300,000,000 in direot cash outlay. Since then has occurred the desperate brief struggle to crush Bulgaria, bringing fu they destruction and the lees of many more lives. During the Turkish muffle,muffle,100,000 Balkans were killed or died of their wotindo or disease, Very much higher, eetimates of lose and cost in blood and money have been made but what- ever the truth, it is certain that the Bal- kan peoples face a terrific problem of ae- conetrnctfon. In little Greece there are mete lands, WWI Mr. Mardi, totalling 1.000,000 acres, with 5,000.000 in pasture, and very back- ward- agriculture in the remaining 5,500; 000 which are naturally very fertile. Two-fifths of Rervia is uncultivated and the yield of enittvated land vory low. Tho mince are said to he rich, but eallital 10 reluctant, because of the uncertainty of oont dors. The manufactures aro chiefly mining, brewing, angor refining, and teba<co manufacturing, now a gov- ernment monopoly. Bulgaria, milled the "peasant state," lite less than two-flfthe of her territory under eultiva4.ion, and a third in woods and Impede. Her iaanufaotures, however, have ;natio n creditable beginning, there being 256 faetnries retirceenting an tn. vestment of ever 813.000.000, having an output of timely 618,000,000. and employ. Ing 13,::35 natwsens. T110 manufacture of food and beverages he the principal in- duetry: No grove of nations ever needed pence, harmony, and cooperation more than thew. They need capital and probably outside enterprise, but they will find both diflleult to nttroat. et, this time. The strain nn Ecro a is heavy now and cant• tal is needed at home. 5(8If. nes Mtn the P,alkan0 7t will not be "for Fie health!' r1' TURNING ' HORNS INTO COMBS. An Interesting Description of the Opel'ltlion, The transition from the horn of the steer to the semi -transparent and highly polished comb on milady .e dressing table' is en inter- esting ono, The horns aro received from the slaughtorehouse in all sizes from six to eighteen Maim, and in the first, eltenatlon the solid tips are cut off by means of high-speed cuter eaves, and, being melees for 'rho manufototuro of combs, are sold to be /made up into cigar and cigar - nary polish', for which the humble - corn husk and a paste of sifted ash- es and water is used. The ruskffi bung wheels have to be renewed every few days, but this is a very simple task and an inexpensive one. The •stalks of the husks are fastened in the slots of the buffing wheel hubs. The wheels aro then set in motion and the husks trimmed to • the proper length by means of a • sharp knife. The operators who do the polishing aro generally covered from head to foot with white mud, but their work is not unhealthy, as r- plenty of water is used in the paste, and there is no dust to be breathed into the lungs. The finishing touches are put on with chamois wheals, ,and by the time the combs have been gut through this operation they are ready for shipment, and have ace quired a vory high lustre, superior to that of the tortoise shell article. DO TOUR WORK. • Emerson Tells Eaell Man to Do Ills Own. Each man ]las an aptitude born with him to do easily some feat im- possible to any other. Do your work. I have to say this often, but nathro says it oftener. 'Tics clown- ish to insist on doing'd]l with one's own hands, as if every man should build his own clumsy house, forge his hammer, and bake his dough; but he is to dare to do what he can do best; not help others as they would direct hint, but as he knows bis helpful power to be, To do otherwise is to neutralize all those extraordinary .special talents dis- tributed among men. Yet while this sell -truth is essential to the exhibition of the world and to the growth and ,glory of each mind, it is rare to find a man who believes his own thought, or who speaks that which he was created to say. As nothing •antoeishe.g mon so ranch as carmen Reuse and plain dealing, so nothing is more rare in any Mart than nn art of hie own, .Any work looks wonderful to him except that what he ran do, We do not believe our owls thoughb,•--Eniorso i, COBBLER LAD, NOW BICH. L. R. resettled Attributes Ills Sitc- om to Platting. ltellgiou First. From eobbler's bey to the presi• deny of one of the most successful businesses of Montreal is Or long step, and a striking ono. These are the two extremes of the life of Mr. L. H. Packard, the head of the L. II, Packard and Co,, Limited, the shoe supply firma, His father was a cobbler, and the son was a cobbler, tom 'but by diut of hard work and clear, olean business principles the sou has become a manufacturer on a much larger scale than the parent was when the lad began his career. Mr. Packard was born near Bos- ton, Mass., about seventy-four years ago. His father was one of the most highly esteemed men in the little town where he lived, but he had never succeeded in amassing very much of this worid'•s treasure, His days were long and` his work tedious—he was a cobbler—but from it all there was no very large financial return. Consequently the 5001 was not very old when he was called upon to assist en the task of making shoes to earn the money to satisfy the requirements of the fam- ily. He taught his boy the shoe- making business. Far several years the young lad worked in the shop for three or four hours every day before he went to school and re- turned to the cobbler's bench every night after his studies wore over for several hours' more work. In those young years, too, as he sae on the cobbler's bench he pon- dered over the problems of life, The United States was a bellied of political unrest; it was in the days immediately preceding the horrible Civil War, The lad thought it all through carefully. He was an ar- dent advocate of freedom for the slave. Even when he found himself in Atlanta, Georgia, at the out- break of hostilities between the North and the South he slid not change his views of the question, The Southerners watched him care- fully for a time, and then, one day, declaring that they had found 802110 evidence against him in a letter, they clapped him into Castle Thun- derbolt for safe keeping. The youth, however, then twenty-two years of age, did not like the ap- pearance of things there at all, and so, at the first opportunity, he es- caped and fled, But that chance did not come to him until he had spent several menthe in 'his dreary call. One night he slipped away. A northern cruiser lay off his prison, Mr. L. Il. Packard. so seizing the first boat that he could flute he rowed out to the war- ship for protection. As he neared it he raised aloft his white flag of truce, lest he should be fired on by the wintch. It is one of this most treasured keep -sakes now in his fine residence on Rosemount Avenue. The white banner was part of an old tablecloth and a handkerchief. Ho was a free man again, but the months in the southern cell had undermined hie health, and so he was not in the war at .all, Over forty years ago the young shoo man came to Montreal. A friend persuaded ' him to open a shop, a one -roomed shack. He worked hard and late, .and the fine manufactory of the present time is the result. The corner -stone of a successful business career, Mr. Packard be- lieves is strict honesty in every- thing.. Honesty -to him means, too, the right relation between a main and hes God, His business creed, expressed in his logteal terms, would be "Seek first the kingdom of God and His righteoUlniess, and all these things shall he added unto you." Modern conditions have not annulled the divine injunction of nineteen hundred years ago, A man is greater than hie possessions, "A man's life oonsisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possosseth." This is the business creed of Mr. L. H. Packard -the first and main plank in his plat- form. All others are subservient to this one, On those principles ire has built ftp a modern business in which 150 men are emnployed, end which extends from the Atlantic to the Paoifto. Mr, Packard is a hard worker, r and tabes few holidays, He man of widespread activity. For years he has given some of his best strength to the Y.M.C,A. work, For forty years he has been assoei- ated with the First Baptist aurae and Sunday school, for thirty-seven years be has presided over the San - day school as its superintendent, giving to it it constant and untiring service. He is. a trustee of the seals church,a member of the exe- cutive of the Canadian Manufac- turers' Aseociation, and identified actively with the Board of Trade of the city. Whatever has been the nature of the position that has come to him, he has performed his duties from the one point of„view-- that of abeolute 'honesty, to 'him the basal principle in business success at any time and in a y place, SUBALTERN TO MARSHAL. Rungs in the Ladder of Success Climbed by Lord Kitchener. Opportunity is a fine thing, but small compared with the ability to grab it by the front 'hair—for op- portunity'e head is bald behind. Coni Kitchener, though hardly to be galled an opportunist, has never let a chance elip by him. He comes, of course, of good fam- ily and military stook, but when be left the "Shop," as the Royal Mili- tary Aeademy is known, he had nothing behind him save his brains, his "character," and his ambition. And the last faltered at the start. Life as an unknown subaltern of "Sappers" is apt to be humdrum and ciroumsoribed. Kitchener found it so, and despaired of get- ting an opening for his genius. He even went so far as to approach a theatrical manager, with a view to going on the stage. Tho ananeger, fortunately, had common-senee, and told the stage-struck young officer in plain terms not to be a fool. Kitchener took the snub in good part and? returned to his. work. He saw that if he were ever to be singled out from the ruck of Engi- neer subalterns he must specialize in something. Photography was comparatively a new thing, and he studied it thor- oughly with a view to military uses. Later the War ()thee proposed to send a military survey to Palestine. To lead it an officer was wanted who, besides ordinary surveying ac- quirements, had a knowledge of scientific photography. Here was Kitchener's opportunity, and he grabbed it, his work on the expedi- tion getting him; favorably noted at the War Office. Lord Kitchener's determination has made the public think of him as a man who world keep on run- ning his head against et brick wall until either the head or the wall broke. A false notion. The young soldier wanted an out- let for the epee:al abilities the knew he possessed, hut he did not go seeking blindly for it. He looked around, and in Egypt, the Land of disorganization and miracles, the land of many plagues, he saw the field for the born organ- izer, the man who was almost en - pervious to hardships, - In Egypt he was again quick to seize his opportunities. He studied Arabic until he was an expert. He risked his life es a spy, until .he was unrivalled among the British officers in his knowledge ,of the enemy. And so when the call cams for a soldier who really understood the problem of the Soudan Kitche- ner was ready for it. His task in the Soudan was al- most superhuman. He could not v°.fir thui4 F'r`MV. ALLOW IVIE TO PRESENT MY BEST FRIEND df FN BUYING YEAST CAKES BE CAREFUL, TO SPECIFY =LINE SUBST/7U7E1 E,W.GILLETT CO. LTD. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. 1,ION1REAL. erg ,x have achieved it had he not hacl an unerring eye for such helpers as Rundle, Hunter, Macdonald and Wingate. . Lord Kitchener's powers of or- ganization are too well known to need descriptionhat many have tried to imitate him in his attention to detail --and failed. Why? Be- cause they wasted their time on un- essential detail. Lord Kitchener's eye for the essentiq,l helped him to break the Khalifs, Lord Kitchener's tactfulness has never been fully appreciated.; it has been lost sight of in overdrawn pictures of him as the brusque, stern, unbending soldier. None can go far without tact,' and Lord Kitchener has more than a. fair share of it. He showed it when he met Marchand at Fashoda, with France and Britain on the brink of war; again, in his treatment of the Boer leaders, and again in 'India as Commander-in.Ohief. Lard Kitchener, as already said, started with no special advantages in the way of social position, mon- ey or influence. He carved his own career; and the like can be done again. What Is the Answer? Why should you not live like fish- ermen or •shepherds? Because they live by hook or by crook. Why, in case of a revolution in England, would the people be the greatest losers? Because they would each lose a sovereign, and the King only a crown. Why would a. person taking a sehoolboy's pocketbook remind one of a line in Othello ? Because "Who steals his puree steals trash." When were salt provisions first introduced into the navy? When Noah took Ham into the Ark, • What magazine would be likely to give the best report of a fire ? A powder magazine. Why is Berlin a city to be avoid- ed? Because it is always on the Spree. Why are clergymen like railway porters? Because they do a deal of coupling. When is an umbrella like a par - sen getting over an illness? When it is re-covered. ' At what season did Eve eat the apple? Just before the fall. Why is a great bore like a tree? Because both appear beet when leaving. Impossible. "Does the baby take after his father?" "No. His father isnot the kind of man to- leave anything behind him to take." FROM ERIN'S . GREEN ISLE NEWS BY MAIL FROM IRF. LAND'S SHORES. Happenings In the Emerald Isle 01 Interest to Irish. 01033. The Irish channel averages'240 feet in depth. It has been deoided to ask the Ring and Queen to open the first Irish parliament in Dublin. Offers made by the Congested Dis- trict Board, Galway, for the purchase of estates, have been accepted. The Duke of Connaught may be the first Lord -Lieutenant of Ireland after the passing of the Home Rule Bill, Mrs. Margaret McNance, of Dun- govey, Porkhill, is active, physically and mentally at the age of 106 years. A girl named Annie Reilly, a native of Louth was knocked down and killed by a train at a level crossing near Balbriggan. The death has occurred at his home on Dunn street of Mr. Thomas Mason, the well-known Dublin optician, at the age of 73 years. Negotiations are now nearly com- pleted for the purchase by the Estates Commissioner of the estate of Mr. Young, at• Rough ,Bark. A starch mill at Tullyframe, three miles from Kilked, the property of S. Nicholson, Balymegonett, has been totally destroyed by fire. The largest liner in the Australian trade, the White Star Liner Ceramic, built by Messrs. Harland and Wolff, has left Belfast recently. The King has appointed Mr. Wil- liam Joseph Maguire, MD., to be a member of the first Senato,of the National University of Ireland. A workman named George Graham, while working in the moulding shop, Queen's Island, Belfast, was fatally injured when an iron Deem fell on him. The Roscommon police discovered a man named. John Higgins sleeping be- tween two graves in the local burial ground, with a frying -pan for a pillow. The sum of $1,600 has been paid for an Irish terrier bred by Mr. W. Dar- ker, of Jones's road, Dublin, by Mr. R. Northcote, who is taking the ani- mal to Canada. While wanting through her lands at Tincurry, Ballycarney, Mise Sparks was attacked by a swarm of bees and so seriously injured that she died a few hours after. An obstruction on the line in the form of spikba driven in between the rails, caused a train from Limerick to be derailed near Devon road sta- tion, No one was hurt.•. It was stated at a meeting of the New Ross Guardian that there is a man in the workhouse, aged seventy years, forty of which have been spent in the workhouse. A lad named Ryan, employed at the Limerick City Tannery, has had to 'have his left leg amputated as the result., of injuries received when he was caught in the belting, ===.2.116V.9011. 11.141151216^ WHY keep your money in the Bank at 3% when you can eget 4.40% from the ;'"rev/m:1a/ Government for it ? We awn and ofr'er, $1 09 00 PROW'VCE F ONTA 1 47o Debentures rSte November 1st, 2.941. Interest payable May Ist and Nov. 7st at Toronto, AlonireaP; and New York. These debentures are a direct obligation of the Pr.:vince of Ontario, and are issued in coupon form, in denomifaat.ons of $,000, or in the form of Ontario Government Stock, in which case chocks for the semi-annual interest are sent to the registered holder. This stock is in any multiple of $50. They are free from all Provincial 'Axes and Succession duties. The Ontario S'uceession duties range from 1% to 10% on estates of $50,000 and over. UIn'til recently the 4% debentures sold at a premium above par, but now, owing to aaaarket conditions, we can offer them at a considerable discount, at the lowest price they have been offered in years. Prices 93..50 and interest yielding ' Full Descriptive 'Circular on request, URRA y uF'A THER® : Toronto General , rzfstG Bldg., Toronto . 911 `�'1d1P1'�''' .a,.,N.knr 'eves„ne„+,Ni^MewNmawai,.nva�m4MY.ai6,„ifo"'imr:w,ilY,�pyq,ya�p LLteZeZa":dRSIXaGA.;ld4ttA. FEEDING THE WORLD THEN' NEXT CENTURY WILL SEE CRI - SLS, SAYS PROFESSOR., World Should Seriously Begin u Stoektgking of Resources, He Says, In an address delivered before the British A;ssociation for the Ade vanoement of Sctienee, . H. N. Dick. BOD, professor of geography at Umi, veeeityy Collage, l.duobuo'ger, and President of the Royal Meteoeelogi- eal Sooiety, said the geographer of the future would have as his field the vital questions of supplying and distributing food and clothes to the world, Foremost of these questions, Mr. Dickson believes, will be that of growing wheat enough for the e world's bread. A host of problems of the future aro marshalled behind this, among then being the tines - teens of obtaining power and en- .' ergy sufficient to operate the need- '"4 ed increase in factories, the feel question and distribution of popu- lation, Within a century, he esti- mates, the resources of the world will be taxed to their full capacity. .,w ' `'Expanding Too Fast. "Civilized man is, or ought to be, begin ling to realize," ibir. Dickson said, "that in reducing more and more of the surface of the earth to what be considers a habi- table condition, he is malting so much progress and making it so rapidly that the problem of finding suitable accommodation for his in- creasing numbers must become ur- gent within a few generations. 'We are getting into the position of the merchant whose trade is constantly expanding and who foresees that his premises will shortly bo too small for him. In our case removal to more commodious premises else- where seems impossible—we are not likely to find a means of migrating to another planet—;so we aro driven to consider means of rebuilding on the old site and so making the beet of what we have that our business may not suffer, "In the type of civilization with which wo are most familiar there are two fundamental elements, sup- plies of food energy and supplies of mechanical energy. Since at pre- sent, partly because of geographi- cal conditions, these do not neces- sarily (or even in general) occur to- gether, there is a third essential factor, the line of tranepoi-t." Mr, Dickson referred to the wheat acreage as net keeping pace with the increase in population. Crisis in a Century. A "If prophecies based on popula- tion etatisltics are trustworthy," Mr. Dickson declared, "the 0risis will be upon its before the end of the eentuly. After that we must either depend upon some substitute to reduce tho consumption per sort:" heady or we aunt take to extensive farming of the most strenuous Ae ao the world's coal supply, Mr. Dickson said that' the largest floe s would last barely three centuries, even at the present rate of con- sumption. Of other fields, yet un- disooyeeed, lie could, of eeilree, make no reckoning. "There must begin in the near future," Mr. Dickson co otinued; "a great equalization in the distribu- tion of population, This equaliza- tion will arise from a number of causes, among them being intensive cultivation of the soil and mora uni- form distributi to of manufactures. "What is wanted," ho eoneluded, "is that we should seriously eel- dress ourselves to a stock -taking of our resourees. Wo should vigor- ously proceed with • the oolleotion and discission of geographical data of all kinds, so that the major na- tural distributions ellen be ade- quately known. Eve:wheel•ie we shall find that ' country -planning will become as important as town - planning. In the meantime geograt- phical knowledge will yield scienti- fic . results 'of much significa000 about such misters as distribution of population and industries and the dega'ee of adjustment to new conditions which occurs or is, possi- ble in different regions and lunongst different peoples," Inventor of the Propeller. An appeal is now' made in Great Britain for scene memorial to the late Mr, John Swan, .engineer, who in 1824 invented the screw propeller, now so extensively used in steamships, I -e was also tlio inventor of the solBact- ing chain messenger introduced into the British Navy in 1831, a saving to the nation of about X370,000 a year, Mr. Swan, who was born at Colding- Ilam, Berlvickshire, in 1787, 'died 111 London in 1860 l t the age of 81 years, and although, by sem means or other, the 1111'oniotis tante' =cleat inventor never received the slightest reinuner• ation, Latest. "'What do you think of my new ball dross, Edwin?" ;tea that the latest?" "'he 'Very ]steed" "It looks some like the earliest," • fr 6