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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1912-10-31, Page 6FOREIGN RECIPES. Meringues a la Americana, Preneh—Beat the whites of four eggs very stiff ; veld gradually a table foods.Versa 11. The Pharisees —Mat- From the age of 7, study with the pound of sugar ; boat and The o£ cooking of Wrests develops thew adds the Sadducees' who thus Danish child is a serious thing, and beat• Then drop in spoonfuls on the pleasing taste and odor ex- there seems to be a rooted opinion sheets of oiled paper. Bake till a tractives and that due to the far have not appeared as parties among all the fathers and mothers deep yellow; let them harden; re- browned at and tissues and softens in any meeting with Jesus. in Denmark that reading and writ- -mereCame forth—Perhaps from the paper and fill each and loosens the protein of the con-! s from their come ing do net by nature, conse- shell, just before serving, with nective tissues, and thus makes the homes iu the neighborhood of Dal- quently work is the rule, because it chocolate ice cream. Put a spoon- meat more tender. manutha (v. 10), or from the cities is looked on as merely daily duty ful of whipped cream on top of Extreme heat, however, tends to 1 at a greater distance. not to be specially commended. each; dust with cinnamon and coagulate and harden the albumin- Began to question with him — For instance, the young girl serve at once, oids of the lean portions, and also Seeking to entangle him in his learns housekeeping as an art. Carrot Pudding, English.—One weakens the flavor of extractives. speech. Manual training is an inseparable ound of grated carrots, three- If the heatingis carried too far a' A sign—Some extraordinary part, in seine form or other, of the quarters pond oof chopped suet, burned or carred product of bad manifestation beyond his usual educative of boys. In Copenhagen half pound each of raisins and aur- flavor results. i words and works. there areas many achools•ne there rants, half cup of sugar and eight 'Meats lose weight in cooking. A! 12. Sighed—Or, groaned. Jesus are restaurants, which is saying a tablespoonfuls of sifted flour. Stir small part of this is due to ascape was grieved by the obstinacy of the great deal, for in that city in nearly well, put in a greased mold and boil of meat juices and fat, but rho chief Pharisees, which he !.new would ovary third house there seems to be for four hours. Serve with hard part of the material lost is simply shortly lead to open hostility and or liquid sauce. water. I final separation. Saar -Britten, Germany.—Make a The nutritive value of meat soup! This generation -The Pharisees brine in the following manner : To depends upon the substances which' were typical representatives of the each quart of vinegar, add one cup are dissolved out of the meats,' religious leadership of their time. of water, some peppercorns, mace, bones and gristle, by the water. In 13. To the other side—The loos - cloves, thyme and one bay leaf. Put ordinary meat broths these consist tion of Dalmanutha being un - a solid piece of beef, about 5 almost wholly of extractives and known, it is impossible to deter- pounde, in an earthen jar, and pour over it enough brine to cover the meat well. Turn every day for three or four days. When ready to boil, cook some bacon drippings in a kettle with one or two onions. Salt the' beef, rubbing it in on all sides. Brown well in the bacon fat, add a pint of boiling water and the rind of a lemon. Cook closely cov- ered for three or four hours. Take out the meat, thicken the gravy w:i h flour, adding more of the brine in which it was. pickled, if the sauee is not sour enough. Serve with sauerkraut. itiaeedoine Salad, in Jelly, Mexi- co.—Soak two and one-half table- spoonfuls of granulated gelatin in one-half cup of cold water for fif- teen minutes. Add two cups of boiling water, one-third cup of vine- gar, one-third cup of sugar, one - 'half teaspoonful of salt. Stir well, atrain and cool. When it begins to set, pour a little in a mold, decor- ate it with pimento cut in strips. Add one cupful of peas and a little more jelly. Then some very small French beans, more jelly, a layer of cooked, diced carrots and then a layer of green beans. Pour the re- mainder of the jelly on the beans, chill. Turn out on a bed of lettuce leaves and serve with a bowl of stiff mayonnaise. Apple Pie, English.—Invert a china cup in a deep earthen pie dish, fill the empty spaces with ap- ples which have been pared and cut into eighths. Adel sugar to sweet- en, a little cinnamon and bits of butter. Cover the top with a. good, rich crest, making the customary openings for the eseape of steam. Cook until the apples are well done. Send to the table in the dish in which it is cooked. When serving, raise the inverted cup a little, as it will be found to contain the juice of the apples. Serve with cream, or good Canadian cheese. Oly-Kooks, a Dutch Doughnut.— Cream one cupful of butter, two cupfuls of sugar and two eggs. Beat well, then add one=half cupful of milk, a little ealt and flour enough to make a stiff batter. Add more hot milk and mere flour until you have used altogether two cupfuls of hot milk. Then, when slightly cooled, add one yeast cake which has been soaked in one cupful of warm water. Add more flour and beat well. Cover and set in a warm plane to rise. The next day roll out the dough as you would if mak- ing crullers, nearly an inch thick. Cut with a round cake cutter. With a sharp knife make an opening in the center of each cake, insert a good plump raising and a bit of sugar. Close the opening' and let the cakes rise for half an hour or so. Fry in hot lard till a golden brown. When done, drain on paper, and roll in powdered sugar. Cider Jelly, English.—Soak one ounce of gelatin in cold water for one hour. Scald three cupfuls of sweet cider and pour over the ge- latin. Add one cupful of sugar, strain and turn out in a wet mold to stiffen. Serve with the meat course or with whipped cream as a dessert, augh]y digested, The second is to make it more appetizing by improv- ing the appearance or flavor, or both. Food which is attractive to the taste quickens the flow of saliva and other digestive juices, and thus di- gestion is aided. The third is to kill by heat any disease germs, parasites or other dangerous or- ganisms it may contain. This is of- ten a very important matter, and applies to both animal and vege [ E SUNDAY SUR STUDY INTERNATIONAL LESSON, NOVE1iLBER 3. Lesson Y.—The sign and the lea - Yen, dark 8. 11-20. Golden Text, John 8. 12. ourately, His eight was restored gradually, 20. Do not even enter irate the village—Jesus desired to avoid the notoriety which the working of the miracle would naturally cause among the villagers. EDUCATION IN 'DENMARK. There It Is Looked Ou as a Mere Dally Duty. Preparation of Food. The cooking of food has much to do with its nutritive value. Many articles which, owing to their me- ehanioal condition or other causes, are quite unfit for nourishment when raw are very nutritious when *coked. It is also a matter of common ex- perience that a well cooked food is wholesome" and appetizing, while the same material badly cooked is unpalatable. There are three thief purposes of cooking The first is to change the mechanical eondition sea that the digestive juices can act upon the food more freely. Heating often "changes the struc- ture of food materials very niateri- stlly, so that they are mare easily Chewed and mr easily and thor- something sold to eat or drink, These schools are very well con- ducted. English and German are now taught in them, -and in seine places French lessons are given during the last year of the course, says the Youth's Companion. Private echools are numerous, wino whether the eastern or rho and well attended. These lead to salts, which are very agreeable and the university, which is co-educa- tional, The Danes are very proud of their+schoolhouses, both public and private. There is an adage that if you see- a good house anywhere it is certain to be a schoolhouse. The high school system in Denmark was founded by the famous Bishop Grundtvig. It has clone very much to consolidate Danish notions of nationality and to advanee$the ag- ricultural prosperity of the people. The hi,rh schools exist in the country districts, and are attended in the summer by young men and in the winter by young women. They resemble somewhat our Chau- tauqua, but the ourriouluan is more limited; the students all live in one house, and the amusements are very simple and connected with na- tional and religious ideas. When a farmer's son or slaughter has sufficient money to spend on a term or two at a high school, he or she is happy. A GRECIAN PRINCESS. often most useful as stimulants, 'but western shore rs here meant. have little or no value as appetizer Jesus may have crossed the north or nutriment, sines they neither or northwest part of the lake in build tissue nor yield energy. either direction, proceeding from The principles which underlie the the place of landing gradually to - cooking of fish are essentially the same as with meats. VALUABLE MANUSCRIPTS. For British Museum—One in Chi- nese, Written iu 1120 A.D. Word comes from London that ever, that some one or two of the come into the possession of two rare the British Museum has recentlyrare ; other disciples shared this respon- manuscripts, one Chinese and the sibility with him. other Persian. The Chinese manus- 15. Beware of the leaven — Jesus cript was written about 1120 A.D. is speaking in figurative language, on silk, and is remarkable for the referring to the contaminating evil beauty of its writing. It contains influence of the Pharisees and the the works of Chaung Tzu. I courtiers and followers of ]Herod. Chaung Tzu, who had a brilliant The repetition of the word lea - style and was a master of irony, at- ven" indicates perhaps distinct tacked the schools of Confucius and Mo Ti with great ability. He abounds in quaint anecdotes and allegorical instances. A character- istic personal anecdote of the au- thor is the following: "Chuang Tzu was fishing in the P'e when the Prince of Ch'u sent two high officials to ask him to take °barge of the administration of the Ch'u State. "Chuang Tzu went on fishing, and, without turning his head, said: 'I have heard that in Ch'u there is a sacred tortoise which has been dead some 3,000 years, and that. the prince keeps this tortoise carefully enclosed in a ehest on the altar of his ancestral temple. Now, ward Bethsaicla, where, according to verse 22, he arrived shortly af- terward. 14. Forgot to take bread—The duty of securing the provisions needed for the journey would de- volve naturally upon Judas, who was the treasurer of the apostolic company. It is quite likely, how - kinds of corrupting influences em- anating respectively from the teach- ing of the Pharisees and the court practices of the king. 16. Reasoned one -with another— Debated what the significance of the Master's words might be. 17. Do ye not yet perceive, nei- ther understand 1—It was a source of disappointment to Jesus, after all his teaching, that they failed to recognize the truth which his figur- ative language was intended to convey. In Matthew (16, 8) it is the defect of their faith that is em- phasized. 19. Baskets full—The word bas- ket in verses 19 and 20 represents would this tortoise rather be dead different Greek words. In this and have its remaine venerated or verse a small wicker or individual be alive and wagging its tail in the traveling basket is meant; in verse mud?' 20 a larger basket or hamper. The "'It would rather be alive,' re- distinction is one of several which plied the two officials, 'and wagging Mark is careful to make in corn - its tail in the anud.' paring the incident of the feeding "'Begone !' cried Chuang Tzu, of the four thousand, retaining in `I, too, will wag my tail in the each reference the precise details mud used in the original narrative. Here are some of his pithy say- A man who knows heis a fool 21. Do ye not yet understand fl— ings: Their sense of preception is so ob- is not a great fool." tuse that even this reference to the "Charity and duty to one's neigh- familiar experience of the marvel - bore are as .caravansaries establish- our power of Jesus to provide food' ed by wise rulers of old:; you may in any emergency does not suggest stop there one night, but not for to them the real meaning of his Ione. or you will incur reproach." words. Matthew proceeds to ex - "Birth is not a beginning; death risen that finally they did discover is not an end." tbat in speaking to them of the "Alas! man's knowledge reaches leaven he had the corrupt teach - to a hair on a hair, but not t s.eter- ing of the Jewish sects in mind, and nal peace." The Persian manuscript is an il- luminated and illustrated copy of the "Maanavi i ma' navi" of Judal ud-Din Rumi, a famous nuptial poet. Its influence on Persian lit. i have been the Bethsaida on the during which he showed great apti- erature is eomparable to the 171 -west side of the lake. The former tole in thief catching, he was trans- ferred to the detective branch, where his promotion was rapid and well merited. Nine years ago McCarthy was promoted to what is known as the S t1. dY •d Princess Helen of Greece. - SCOTLAND YARD'S NEW HEAD John McCarthy Etas Often Shelter- ed European Royalty. Superintendent Freest has been GERMAN ARMY IS SUPREME SO SAYS A FOREIGN M11,1TA,RY EXPERT. The Recent Manoeuvres in Saxony Had 125,000 Troops En. gaged. The "Kaiser Manoeuvres" of the Gorman Army, wllioh !rave just taken place in Saxony, left no doubt in the minds of professional observers from abroad that, with exoeptious which may be dismissed as mirror, the Kaiser's land forces are ,perhaps the world's model mili- tary organization, says a. foreign military observer writing in the London (England) Mail. Actual fighting took plaice in a triangular area ninety or one hun- dred miles long on each side, and in territory ideally suited for man- oeuvres, The main landscape fea- ture was the River Elbe, on both .sides of which was a wealth of hills, admirably suited for tactical and strategical operations, villages, and good roads. Including a regiment of reserves on the Elbe, roundly, 125.000 troops were employed. A Red invading army, representing a Western Pow- er, marhalled a force of some 67,000 men, made up as follows: HUGE ARMIES. Men. 61% Battalions of infantry -.43,000 10 Machine-gun companies . - :750 60 Batteries of field artillery 9,000 65 'Squadrans of cavalry , 9,800 2 Batteries of foot artillery 1,200 4 Batteries of horse artili'y 600 9 Companies of pioneers 1,350 5 Division bridge tfains 400 3 Corps bridge trains 400 Telegraph, telephonic, wire- less and air -craft troops1,000 A Blue defending arany consisted of, roundly, 56,000 men, made up as follows: Men. 49% Battalions of infantry. , .34,650 64 Squadrons of cavalry 9,600 48 Batteries of field artillery 7,200 2 Batteries of foot artillery 1,200 8 Machine -gum companies600 1 Battalion of pioneers 1,200 4 Batteries of horse artily600 2 Machine -gen detachments 150 2 Cavairy ch pioneer deta- ments 70 Cavalry information detach- ment 100 Telegraph, telephone, wire- less, and aircraft troops1,000 AIRCRAFT SUCCESS The Red invaders were supplied with a Parseval airship and a de- tachment of six or eight aeroplanes. Blue had the Zeppelin III. airship and the same number of flying ma- chines as Red. It may be said at once that the work of the military aircraft was of first-rate order. As far as was ascertainable disaster overtook only one aeroplane of all the craft engaged. The scouting on both sides was so efficiently done that each army was compelled to resort to an extraordinary amount of night work in order to screen its movements and tactical operations. Never before has it been brought home so vividly to my mind that the armies of the future will be com- pelled to march and fight under co- ver of darkness to a degree hither- to unexperienced in the annals of war. GREAT SCOUTING. For far reconnaissance, cavalry and aeroplanes co-operated for the first time in German manoeuvres, a noteworthy step in the effective use of aircraft. There were innum- erable occasions when both armies succeeded by Chief Ins ector John had feliab]•e knowledge of the not the mere matter of bread p movement and dispositions of the McCarthy as executive head of the enemy many hours or even a whole (Matt. 16. 11, 12), criminal investigation department i clay in advance of what would have 22. Bethsaida—Probably Beth- at Scotland Yard, London. He i been the case if cavalry scouting saida Julian, on the northeastern joined the force as an ordinary con- only had been •relied upon. Zepne- shore is meant, though it may stable. After five years street duty, fluence on European literature of Dante's "Divine Comedy," from city would be a little nearer to the which in port of date it is not far villages of Caesarea Philippi, vis - removed. This mannserint of the iteral immediately afterward. Cone poem was written in 1295 A.D. pare verse 27. thirty-four years after the death of A blind man—The blazing sun s cele] branch at so an Yard the author. It is probably the old- and shifting sand of Palestine and p est complete copy of the work exiet- the near Orient, together with a and became chief inspector. This ing in Eurone, lack of knowledge of the ordinary branch, whose ;work is of great im- The ha.ndwritine is extremely rules of sanitary living, account • for portance, is little known to the gen, lu- a large slumber of blind eral public. It has to do with poli- tical In addition to the rl the very g tical crimes .and the safeguarding people found Chore even to -day. , of royal and political personages. 23. By the hand—Leading him Mr MaOarthy accompanied the thus. present King when, as Prince of Oa of the village -Away from 'Wales•, ba -.„ted Canada, and he the curious multitude,. has since aocompa'fiied his Majesty Spit on his eyes—As in the case on all his Continental journeys. He of the deaf mute, the one other ib- was with his Maiesty in Madrid at stance in which Jesus applies the the wedding of Icing Alfonso when moisture of his month in this way. the an techist bomb was thrown. At It has been suggested that Jesus in one time or another Mr, lVfeCttrthy this and similar instances united has had nearly every European his own miraculous power with royalty under his care, means already in use among men, thus directing the thought and faith of the beneficiary hair the lower to the higher, means. Seest thou aught 1—Sees!; thou anything at all urinated text, there are numereus miniatures in rich and delicate col- ors, while gold is largely employed throughout. aionow.d..o_'. ANIMALS' DEATH FASIEIt. In English slaughter houses mil - mals are killed by e new and hu- mane teethed, The instrument em- ployed is a spring operated pistol that projects .a sharp blade into the animal's head. No bullet snterethe animal, and as no powder is used, the pistol may be placed directly open the vital point of the :skull, so that the aim will be tinerring, death will be absolutely instant/eneous,' and the animal will feel no pain. '--- Natural Inference. "You must be opposed to big business," "Why 17'. "You ;don't advertis fY • THIEF -1'1100F UllaBiia,T,I,AS.. An umbrella made thief -proof by being locked in such a manner that it cannot be opened has been ire vented by a London cloak -xoom it - lin III. was 'omnipresent, literally, and rendered incalculably valuable service to Blue. ' There seemed hardly a moment during the opera- tions when Zeppelin III. was not hovering or returning to its own headquarters with priceless inteih- gence. Aeroplanes did not limit their work to scouting, but proved great and reliable time -sayers in the carrying of communications be- tween far -separated divisions. whole division. -The infantry at dash. ARTILLERY WITH INFANTRY. The increased co-operation of az- tacked well and with initiative and tillery and infantry was note- worthy, The artillery duel of tra- dition seems to be a thing of the past. Nowhere was there any great concentration of heavy guns for "pounding" purposes exclusively.. Instead, single batteries, well up with the 'infantry line, were con- ,apionous. There were frequent oe- ca•sions when artillery would be used to cover an infantry retreat and then deliberately sacrificed to the enemy, without any effort to save guns, -the obvious preference being to, preserve infantry for fight- ing purposes. Supply, the ]oast pictnresque, but in the last analysis the vital constituent, of a fighting organism, was revealed afresh as one of the most inoonspicuous but most effi- cient departments of the German Army. RESTLESS OFFENSIVE. General von Hansen, Saxon War Minister commanding Blue, and General von Buelow commanding Red, were both, of course, true to the Gorman dogma of restless of- fensive, as their Leitmotivs. All their manoeuvres had the offensive primarily in mind. One of the tasks set generals in the present manoeuvres was co-op- eration withe neighboring armies. Both Red and Blue, in addition to actual forces, had "assumed armies" on either flank for theoreti- cal co-operation. A novelty was the appearance in the Elbe of a flotilla of motor -boats, armed with ma- chine-guns, intended to harass river -crossings. They proved quite -ineffective and useless except ler transport of machine-guns, being far too vulnerable to attacks from troops on the banks. USE OF AUTOS. WONDERFUL ENDURANCE. It would be going too far to any that air -craft at the German man- oeuvres demonstrated the decreas- ing usefulness of cavalry. Horse, on the contrary, more than ever jus- tified their considerable employ- ment. Infantry, however, was, as always, the decisive factor. The endurance of the Germain infantry- man, as demonstrated at these manoeuvres, is nothing short of re- markable. Take this typical - in- stanee. At 11 pan. on the i1th Blue's infantry started on a 31 -mild march through the night, They at-. taelcecl and fought in the morning and throneli the day with varying success, M the end of the clay they I see men ... as trees, walking—. tendant. The locking device sen- withdrew for the nip;ht, afrtaeked at Ho could discern moving objects slats of a metal cellar, one end of. 5 o'cloolrnn the morning of the 13th, which he knew to be men, there') which ,may be slipped ;down aver the 1 aatd fraught until 11 a.m. For the by coitld not ,distinguish them from rib -tips, and is securely Melted tc first time In several series of • 'e its which herevolving - ree metail ser Manoeuvres" of which I have. the sts,trortaixy c 111 a them by the three judged to ho trees. rings. These rings hoar ttcletters Personal oIal kn eVle4 c SOVIC tat -SAM o 25. booked' steadfasi,ly ]prod and numerals of the secret c mhi- men were aeon his gaze intent on discerning ac- nation. mere than nigbut probably not ht' or ten out of iv Another innovation was the em- ployment of auto -omnibuses for troop -transport. The surprise ar- rival of a heavy detachment of rifle- men, who were rushed up in omni- buses, proved the decisive factor in a certain engagement—an experi- ence which demonstrated the rash- ness of cavalry attacking infantry in position. Motor -cars, motor- cycles, and motor -trucks were used to an unprecedentedly large de- gree. River -crossing having played so conspicuous a role in the man- oeuvres, it remains to be said that the pioneers worked with marked precision in bridge - building, though their operations were some- times not distinguished for speed. 'N OVER RALF ARE WORKERS. In France Sixty-four Out of Every 'Hundred Toil. On an area of 200,000 square miles, one-half of which is under cultivation, France supports- a pop- ulation of about 39,000,000, which scarcely varies from year to year. For some time agricultural condi- tions have been most disastrous. Bad seasons, floods and crop fail- ures have reduced the people to -de- spair, says a writer in The Cen- tury, discussing "The Trade of France," One half of the popula- tion finds its occupation in agricul- ture, and one-half are breadwin- ners. Sixty-four out of every one hundred men are wage workers, and thirty-three out of every one hundred women. - The unhappiness which can come to a people so dependent upon in- dustry when dull times prevail is in- tensified in this case by the impor- tance attached to the savings, which must be laid aside each .year if life ie to be counted a success. To own a government bond with its lottery attachment is the ambition of all, for the bond not only yields an in- come but there is always the hope and a chance of a prize, something that has not been worked for, a sudden accession of wealth. Other securities naturally yield better re- turns, but with these who have more imagination than wealth they are not so popular. FROM MERRY OLD E IGLAN) NEWS BY IUAIL ABOUT JOHN BULL AND IIIS PEOPLE. Ocenrrences in The Land That Reigns Supreme in the COM. merelal World. The Marquis of Lincolnshire has leased 1,500 acres for small holdings in the Spalding district. Incendiarism is suspected in Southwest Sussex, and armed pa- trols are guarding hay racks at night, A picturesque Thameevills land- mark vanished when the Sun Inn, Whitchurch, was destroyed by fire, There are so many Queen Anne streets in London that one small road in Stepney is to be renamed, The price of bread has been re- duced by a half -penny per 4-1b loaf in Fulham, Hammersmith and Chiswick. Mr. William Brown, a. farmer near Eitham, who has just celebrat- ed hie 102nd birthday, is still farm- ing a large tract of land. Tho death has occurred of Admir- al of the Fleet Sir Frederick Rich- ards, G.C.B., at Gloucestershire, in hie seventy-ninth year. The flooded sections of the Lowes- toft and Norwich Railway, closed since the end of August, have now been re -opened for traffic. While •shoeing one of Messrs. Bulton's hooses at Manchester, a farrier found a half-crown firmly embedded in the animal's foot. A marrow, weighing 40 lbs. 1 oz., 30 inches long with a growth of 31 inches. was cut in a garden at Al- bert Terrace, Winchester. The visitors to the Zoologiosl Gardens, Regents Park, from Jan. 1st to Sept. 30th, numbered 892,- 465, the gate receipts being $105,- 305. An old lady. Mrs. Ellen Stanton, of Chapel Buildings, Wrexham, died as the result of burns through her shawl catching fire while at prayers. Gold medals have been present- ed to a driver and two conductors on the Central London Railway for gallantry shown in an accident on the Inc.i The King has conferred the Ed- ward Medal of the second class on David Wheat, a London porter, for saving an old lady from being run over. Mr. Edward Stillwell, a well- known Londoner, lost his life at Alderseate Station in an attempt to save his hat that had been blown on to the line. In the school of art, a branch of the Cardiff Technical Schools, the fees received from -the students are $500 -per annum and the 'salaries paid are $5.000. Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Leicestershire coal -owners have ad- vanced the price of house coal one shilling per ton, this being the sec and advance in a month. A man nemed Edward Hopwood shot and killed Miss Florence Dud- ley, the well-known variety actress, outside, Fenchurch Street Station, and then shot himself. Sir -Herbert Ms.rkay Ellis, K.O. B.. honorary physician to the King and formerly directer-'eneral of the medical department of the navy, died recently at Weybridge. AUTO BRINGS SIMPLICITY. London Finds That. Customs Cen- turies Old have Been Upset. The advent of the automobile has caused a rapid decline in ostenta- tion among wealthy people in Eng- land:- Splendid liveries, powdered wigs and cockades have all gone out of fashion and severe external sim- plicity is in order. The present day automobile has upset customs established for cen- turies,, Families who used to have their coats of arms emblazoned on their carriage doors now have a tiny monogiit fl in fes place so plain that it is ectereoly noticeable,' Few persons except; Ambassadors now use cockades; they have become distinctly unfashionable. In fact all distinctive emblems of rank have disappeared, The car of one of the highest peers of the realm is indistinguishable from that of a city business man. The weal- thy elassos have never experienced such a craze for simplicity in the ornamentation of their vehicles as at. prosont, Cueumbiure were introduced r,Ito England_ from Cie'".:rti font con, ttuies age, I• PRESERVING 'ILLS. Would Save Canadian Railways - Vast Sums Yearly. -There were 13,683,770 Dross -ties purchased -in Canada in 1911, se- cording o-cording to etatistics compiled by the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior. This is an increase of 4,469,808 (48.5 per cent.) over the number purchased in 1910. The increase is largely due to railway construction, which was especially noticeable in the Western Provinces on the new transcontinental lines. The re- placement of ties on existing linen amounted to about 10,000,000. Eighteen kinds of wood were used, Jack pine standing first in importance, numerically, with about 40 per cent of the total. Tamarack ,stood second with al- most 19 per cent., and Douglas fir with 14 per cent. and hemlock with 12 per cent. occupied third' and fourth places respectively. Tho average price of ties in 1911 was 39 cents, one cent more than in 1910. Southern pine ties at $1.10. imported from the United States were the most expensive, and - spruce ties at 26 cents were the cheapest. The sawn tie is increas- ing in favor, evidently, as 70 per cent., or 3 per, cent. mere than in 1010, were the product of the mill. Sawn ties cost, on the average, 41. cents a piece, or 4 orris more than ' hewn ties, while in 'IMO the hewn ties wore the more expensive bya cents. Only 206.209 ties, or 1,5 per cont., of the total number purchased,. were given preservative treatment, however, this is praotieally a Blear selvneee. over 1010. Two, treating establishments are now in opera- tion. peration. On the-averese, the treat sent of tics prolontet their life by. ton years. It is estimeted that itt. least 150 million feci•, hoard nee- ami, Scald bo saved annually through this process, 41.