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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1912-10-31, Page 2PILATE'S REPORT An Ancient and Interesting Document Pound In the Vatican at Rome. The public is indebted to the en- ergy of.a Christian minister, W. D. Mahan by name, for calling atten- tion to and securing an English translation of this interesting docu- ment. He, "first heard of it through a German student who had spent a large portion of several years in searching for ouriosities in the im- mense library of the Vatican at Rome, The Gorman professor did not consider the MS. of sufficient interest to take a copy of it, but years afterwards made mention of it to the minister mentioned, The latter felt a great interest in what he had heard, and finally he wrote to his friend, the German professor, who meantime had returned to Westphalia, Germany, requesting that the latter, who vraa intimate with Father Freelinhusen — chief guardian of the Vatican—would un- dertake to procure a translation of the MS. into English. This was fin- ally accomplished at a cost to Mr. Mahan of seventy-two dollars and forty-four cents. The parties concerned in proour- ing this translation are unknown to us, bat the circumstances leave no room for questioning the fact. The account does not contradict, but fully corroborates the_ account of the Apostles in the Bible. We give here an English translation of the letter purporting to be Pil.ate's : To Tiberiva Caesar, Emperor, Noble Sovereign, Greeting: The events of the last few days in my province have been of such a character that I thought well to re- port the details as they have occur- red, as I should not be surprised if in the 'course of time they may change the destiny of our nation; for it seems of late that the gods have ceased to be propitious. I am almost ready to say, "Cursed be the day that I succeeded Valer- his Gratius in the government of Judea." On my arrival at Jerusalem I took possession of the Judgment Hall and ordered a splendid feast to be prepared, to which I invited the tet- rarch of Galilee, with the high priest and his officers. At the ap- pointed hour no guests appeared. This was an insult offered to my dignity. A few days after, the high priest deigned to pay me a visit. His deportment was grave and de- ceitful, o-ceitful, He pretended that his re- ligion forbade him and his attend- ants to sit clown at the table of the Romans, and to offer up libations with them• I thought it expedient to accept of his excuse, but from that moment I was oonvineed that the conquered bad declared them- selves the enemies of the conquer- ors. It seems to me that,of all con- quered cities, Jerusalem is the most difficult to govern. So turbulent were the people that I lived in momentary dread of an insurrection. To repress it I had but a single centurion, and a hand- ful of soldiers. I requested a rein- forcement from the governor of Syria, who informed me that he had scarcely troops sufficient to defend his own province. An insatiate thirst for conquest—to extend our empire beyond the means of de- fending it—I fear will be the means of overthrowing our noble govern- ment. Among the various rumors that oame to my ears, there was one that attracted my attention in par- ticular, A young man, it was said, A IVillllion Persons Breakfast every morn- ing on Post Toast i es Suppose you try the food with cream and sugar, as part of break- fast or supper. You may be sure it will be a delicious part, "The Memory Lingers" Canadian Postum Cereal 00, 14A. Windsor, Ontario, had appeared in Galilee, preaching with a noble unction a new law, in the name of the gods that had sent hien. At first I was apprehensive that his design was to stir up the - people against the Romans, but soon were my fears dispelled. Jesus of Nazareth spoke rather as a friend of the Roman than of the Jews. One day in passing by the place of Silos, where there was a great concourse of people, I observed, in the midst of the group, a young roan who was leaning against a tree, calmly addressing the multi- tude. I was told that this was Jesus. This I could easily have expected; se great was the differ- ence between him and those who were listening to him. His golden - colored hair and beard gave to bis appearance a celestial aspect. He appeared to be about thirty years of age. Never have I seen a sweet- er or more serene cauntenenee. What a contrast between him and his hearers with their black beards and tawny complexion. Unwilling to interrupt him by my presence, I continued my walk; but signified to my secretary to join the group and listen. My secretary's name is Manlius. He is the grandson of the chief of the conspirators who en- camped at Etruria, waiting Cat- iline. Manlius was anciently an in- habitants of Judea and well ac- quainted with the Hebrew langu- age. He is devoted to me and wor- thy of my confidence, On entering the Judgment Hall, I found Manli- us, who related to me the words Jesus had pronounced at Siloe. Nevar have I heard in the Pettico, nor in the works of the philoso- phers, anything that can compare to the maxims of Jesus. One of the rebellious Jews, so numerous in Jerusalem, having asked him if it was lawful to give tribute to Oaesar, Jesus replied, "Render unto Caesar the things which belong to Caesar, and unto God the things that are God's." It was on account 01 the wisdom of his sayings that I granted se much liber- ty to the Nazarene, for it was in my power to have had him arrested and exiled to Pontus; but thus would have been contrary to the justice which has always characterized the Romans. This man was neither se- ditious nor rebellious, and I extend- ed to him my protection unknown, perhaps, to himself. He was at lib- erty to act, to speak, to assemble and address the people, to choose disciples unrestrained by any Pre- torium mandate. Should it ever happen—may the gods ever avert the omen --should it ever happen, I say, that the religion of our fore- fathers be supplanted by the relig- ion of Jesus, it will be to this noble tolerance that Rome shall owe her premature obsequies, while I, mis- erable wretch, shall have been the instrument of what Christians call providence, and we, destiny. But this unlimited freedom grant- ed Jesus provoked' the Jews; not the poor, but the rich and power- ful. It°'is true that Jesus was se- vere on the latter, and this was a political reason, in my opinion, not to control the liberty of the Naz- arene. "Scribes and Pharisees," he would say to them, "you are a race of vipers; you resemble paint- ed sepuloheres." At other times, he would sneer at the proud alms of the Publican, telling him that the mite of the widow was more preci- ous in the sight of God. New complaints were daily made at the Judgment Hall against the insolenee of the Jews. I was even informed that some misfortune. would befall him—that it would not be the first time that Jerusalem had stoned those who called themselves prophets—and if the Preterit= re- fused justice, an appeal would be made to Caesar. However, my conduct was approv- ed by the senate, and I was prom- ised a reinforcement after the ter- mination of the Parthian war. Be- ing too weak to suppress a sedk tion, I resolved upon adoptinga measure that promised to establish the tranquility of the city, and without subjecting the Pretorium to humiliating concessions. I wrote to Jesus, requesting an interview with him at the Judgment Hall, and he came. You know that in my veins flows the Spanish, mixed with Roman blood, as incap- able of fear it is of puerile emotion, When the Nazarene made his ap- pearance I was walking in my court and my feet seemed fastened with an iron hand to the marble pave- ment, and I trembled in every limb as a guilty culprit, though he was !calm --the Nazarene --calm as in- nocence. When he came up to me he stopped, and by a signal seemed to say to me, "I am here." For some time I contemplated with ad- tniration and awe this extraordin- ary type of man—a type of man un- known to our numerous painters,. ivita have given form and figure to all the gods and heroes, ^. a ",Jesus," said I to him at last-- nd my tongue faltered --"Jesus of '. Nazareth, I have granted you for the last three years ample freedom of speech, nor do I regret it. Your words are those of a sage, I know not whether you have read Socra- tes or Plato, but this I know, that there is in your discourses a majes- tic) simplicity that elevates you far above tlleee philosophers. The Em- peror is informed' of it, and I, his humble representative in this com nntnity, am glad of having allowed you that liberty, of whieh you are so worthy. However, I must not conceal from you the fact that your discourses have raised up against you powerful and inveterate ene- mies. Neither is this surprising. Socrates has his enemies, and he fell a victim to their hatred. Yours are doubly incensed against you on account of your sayings, and against me on account of the liber- ty extended towards you. They even accuse me of being indirectly leagued with you, for the purpose of depriving the Hebrews of the lit- tle civil power which Rome has left them. My request—I do not say my order—is, that you be more cir- cumspect in the future, and mere tender in arousing the pride of your enemies, lest they raise against you the stupid populace, and compel me to employ the in- struments of justice," The Nazarene calmly replied: "Prince of the earth, your words proceed not from true wisdom. Say to the torrent, Stop in the midst of the mountain home! because it will uproot the trees of the valley. The torrent will answer you, that it must obey the laws of the Creator. God alone knows whither 'flows the torrent: Verily 1 say unto you, be- fore the Rose of Sharon blossoms, the blood of the Just shall be spilt." "Your blood shall not be spilt," re- plied I with emotion, "You are more precious, in my estimation, on account of your wisdom, than all the turbulent and proud Pharisees, who abuse the freedom granted thein by the Romans, conspire against Caesar, and construe our bounty into fear, Insolent wretch- es, they are not aware that the wolf of the timber sometimes clothes himself in the skin of the sheep. I will protect you against them. My palace is open to you as an asy- lum." Jesus carelessly shook his head, and said, with a grace and a di- vine smile, "When the day shall have come, there will be no asylum for the Son of Man, neither in the earth, nor under the earth. The asylum of the Just is there," point- ing to the heavens. "That which is written in the book of the prophets must be accomplished." "Young man," answered I mild- ly, "you oblige me to convert my request into an order. The safety of the province, which has been con- fided to my care, requires it. You must observe more moderation in your discourses. Do not infringe. My orders you know, May happi- ness attend you, Farewell." "Prince of the earth," replied Jesus, "1 came not to bring war in- to the world, but peace, love and charity, I was born the same day on which Augustus Caesar gave peace to the Rolnan world. Perse- cution proceeds not from me. I ex- pect it from others, and will meet it in obedience to the will of my Father, who has shown me the way. Restrain, therefore, your worldly prudence. It is not in your power to arrest the victim at the feet of the Altar of expiation." So say- ing he disappeared like a bright shadow behind the curtains of the palace. To Herod, who then reigned in Galilee, the enemies addressed themselves to wreak their venge- ance on the Nasarene. Had Herod consulted his own inclination, he would have ordered Jesus immedi- ately to be put to death; but though proud of his royal dignity, yet he was afraid of committing an act that might diminish his influence with the Senate. Herod called on me one day at the Pretoriusa, and on rising to take leave, after some insignificant conversation, he asked my opinion concerning the Nazar- ene. I replied that Jesus appeared to be one of those great philoso- pher's that great nations sometimes produce, that his doctrines were by no means sacrilegious, and that the intention of Rome was, to leave him to that freedom of speech which was justified by his actions. Herod smiled maliciously, and saluting me with an ironical respect he de- parted, -Tlie great feast of the Jews was approaching, and the intention of their religious rulers was to avail themselves of the popular exulta- tion which always manifest itself at the solemnities of a Passover. The city was overflowing with a tumul- tuous populace clamoring for the death of the Nazarene. My emissar- ies informed me that the treasure of the temple had been employed in bribing the people. The clanger was pressing, A Roman centurion had been insulted. I wrote to the prefect of Syria for a hundred' foot soldiers, and as many cavalry. He declined. I Saw myself alone, with a. handful of veterans, in the midst of• a rebellious city, too weak to euppross disorder, and having no other choice left but to tolerate it. The seditious rabble had seized Jesus, and although they felt. that they had nothing to fear from the Ps+etorium, believing with their leaders that I winked ,i$ their sedi- tion, continued vociferating, "Orn- oify him, crucify hint I" Three powerful parties had com- bined together ab that time against Jesus, First, elle Horodians, and the Sadducees, whose seditious con- duct seem to have proceeded from double motives; they hated the Nazarene, and were impatient of the Roman yoke. They could never forgive me for having entered their city with banners which bore, the image of the Roman Emperor, and although in this instance I had ig- norantly committed the fatal error, yet the sacrilege did not appear less heinous in their eyes. Another grievance also rankled in their bos- om: I had ,proposed to employ a part of the treasure of the Temple in erecting edifices of public util- ity, which proposal was scowled at, The Pharisees, too, were avowed enemies of Jest's, and they cared not for our government. They bore with bitterness the several repri- mands whieh the Nazarene, for three years, had bean throwing out against them wherever he went. Too weak and pusillanimous to act by themselves, theyhad eagerly em- braced the quarrels of the Herod ians and Sadducees. Besides these three parties, I had to contend against the reckless and profligate populace, always ready to join a sedition, and to profit by the dis- order and confusion resulting there- from. (Continued next week.) FRICK'S ORGAN. Many and varied are the diver- sions sought by the man who is overburdened with money. Mr. Henry Clay Frick, the Pittsburg steel magnate and multi -million- aire, employs an organist, named Mr. Arthur Gibson, at an annual salary of $15,000 to play to him on Mr. henry Frick. a magnificent organ. The fortu- nate organist, in addition to his handsome salary, is provided with a splendid motor car and a comfor- table residence. Every day ab 2 p.m. the telephone rings in the Gibson house and the organist •motors over to the Frick mansion. There, in the music hall, the silent, gruff money giant sits awaiting his daily music. While the nimble fingers of the organist •send forth peal alter peal of classi- cal music, Mr. Henry Clay Frick, the tips of his strong fingers joined, listens in silence. After a particularly weird suc- cession of crashes and thunders from the costly organ, the million- aire's countenance loses its former expression of rapt interest. He leans forward uneasily as the or- ganist concludes with glorious finale, "Play `Dearie 1' " he commands, Then the organist sends forth the strains of that popular balled. 5, TORONTO CORRESPONDENCE 'INTERESTINC GOSSIP FROM ONTARIO'S CAPITAL, The NOW Corporation. Counsel—New Labor Paper—Down Town Problem—A BIS • Audience. After several months' delay the City Council has decided to appoint his Wor- ship Mayor Geary to the Corporation Counselehip, made vacant by the elevation of Mr. II. L. Drayton le the chairmanship of the Dominion Railway Board. Tho salary is to be 58,000 a year to begin with, This le not much advance over Mr. Gooey s. income as Mayor, which was 57,500. But it has the advantage of being permau- ent, Besides, Mr, Geary has expressed the hope that when ho makes good the sal. cry will grow, Aud 11 doubtless will. Some alilertnen cello opposed Mr, Geary's appointment on the ground that ho was not a big enough lawyer for the job, said they would bo prepared to paY 505,000 a year to the right man Viewed from this standpoint, it is sins, a quoetion if the city will not, do as well with Mr. Geary on the job as it would with" 001110 man with n made reprltetionn,, at a fancy salary, it le trite he has not\had much ezpsmsaes in legal work, But this ti eerily offset by hie intimate knowledge of municipal affairs. Besides, 11e le young, etions,nargatie, diplomatic and ardently nmbi• SOME SORENESS. The sound cellisism.of the appointment is on the ground that no member of Council should be appointed to a, pormen' ant job during his term of oMce, in the present ilfstanoe the Mayer admittedly di5 not give the subject disinterested Ooh• sicieraticn, anti Haat is something the public, halving elected him teethe Chief 14fagietrany, had n right to aspenfrom blot on every issue, particularly on one • • F' +RMAKING SOAP, $OFTE+` IN° WATER, RE OVING PAINT, DISINFECTING SINKS. CLOSETS, Df RAI NS, ETC. SOL© EVERYWHERE REFUSE SUBSTITUTES -a- as as important as this one. There is a good deal of underlying soreness about this Phase of the matter. There is some surprise that Mr. Geary, by his action, has expressed a:preference for his legal profession as against politi- cal life. He could have had a nomination for Parliament any time during the last ave years, and with the star of the Con- servative party in the ascendant ho might have been expected to have had a br1111. ant career. And he may yet return to the political arena. Meanwhile he is to be known as G. R. Geary, 11, 0., Corpora- tion Counsel. A NEW LABOR PAPER, The appearance of a new labor paper in Toronto is an event of importance, not so much for the immediate affect it will have in polities or in labor affairs, but because of the potentialities for the future. The editor-in-chief is Mr. James Simpson, for- merly a typesetter, more recently for many Years city hall reporter for one of the local dailies, and always an active labor agitator, as well as temperance lec- turer and Methodist local preacher. He was also a member of the Board of Edu- cation for some years and was a member of the Dominion Government's Commission on Technical Education. He will likely this year be a candidate for the Board of Control. Thein have been many previous attempts to establish a labor organ in Toronto, but the attempts merely served to help fill the newspaper graveyard. A paper galled The Toiler" was the lost victim. There are higher hopes for the latest venture. It starts off with fairly liberal support in the way of stock subscriptions from labor organizations and individuals, so that It is aoaurod of sufficient capital to give It a ol,ance to got on its feet. To prevent con- trol of the publication falling into the. lands of any individual or organization, or even group, the number of shares per- mitted to any one subscriber is strictly limited. It hoe yet to be demonstrated that the labor organizations will support an 'or - gen." Tho fault with previous publioa- tions Is that they have been too much "organ," and not enough attention paid to making the paper interesting. WILL AVOID GENERAL POLITICS. It in expected that the newspaper will keep away from tariff and other issues of a general character, devoting itself, to issues which opecifieally effect the arty laboring man, such as conditions of labor and workmen's compensatiou. It will, in its general effect, probably emphaeize ra- tlherthan diminish the cleavage between city and country. Its first political activity will doubtless be in municipal affairs. A labor 'slate" for nearly all the civic offices is within the range of possibilities this year. If moderately successful there the next move, no doubt, will be to gat into Pro- vincial and Dominion polities. The estab- lishment of the paper foreshadows the first serious attempt to launch a real labor party in Canadian politics. IN BOND STREET CHURCH, In my letter last week some' reference tone made to the down town problem con- fronting Toronto churches, and the die. position shown in some quarters to shirk it and in others to meet it. The solemn fact lo that of the 50,000 persons living south of College street, only a small frac- tion has been reached by the churches. Both in preaching and in works it is un- doubtedly the fact that some of the churches in down town Toronto are out of sympathy with the, masses whom they are supposed to serve, The church perhaps most popular in many ways with the crowd Is Bond Street Congregational, whoeo destiniesare presided over by Rev. Byron Ii. Stauffer, who Dame hero several years ago from Buffalo, His methods are ninth leas son- sational than those employed in this pal. Pit twenty years ago by tho Late Dr. Wild, but lie contrives to make his ser- vices interesting, and he always draws full homes, He is a man of considerable personality, a fluent speaker and mho]. lishes bis sermons with frequent refer- enoeeito the affairs of the hour. Some might call some of his addresses leeturea rather than sermons, meaning that there is less of spirituality about them than is usual. Bond street church is sometimoa compered to a busineea, of which the preacher is the general manager. Bearing out the analogy, ho has there an office which he maniples several hours' a day, And yet Bond street has no empty pews, and that is one point gained. A SPURGEON NEEDED. What the church In down -town Toronto needs to -day is a Spurgeon. It want° a man with aro and spirituality. The har- vest is waiting for him. He could take such a building as the new arena, which will seat 7,000 persons, all it throe times on Sunday and possibly on any other ev ening to the week, if he had the physical strength. But where is the Spurgeon com- ing from? Down town Toronto needs more, of course, in the way of church service than a preacher, even if he were a Spurgeon. It needs a small army of workers. It has a fele now loyal and devoted, but their numbers ore sadly put of proportion to the work that is to do. One wonders of the churches really appreciated the work that Iles right at their hand. TORONTO'S BIGGEST AUDIENCE. Toronto's new amusement showplace, The Arena, has been successfully launch. ed with a week's ' mnaical festival.. Do signed primarily for hockey matches, the promoters hope they can make use of it in the off season for all sorts of special productions. The problem will be to fill 1t. It will hold eight thousand people, twice as many as any othermeeting-place in Toronto, and a small city in itself. The sight on the closing night of the opening week, when every seat was filled, was one long to be remembered. The layout or the building Is that of an oval emplii- theatre, without galleries. All aronnd the oval solid masses of humanity, rising tier upon tier, furnished an impresssiive sight, I5 was the greatest concourse of men and women over gathered under one roof in Reroute. Unless it is ailed, however, the effect of the interior is hornlike. R, The .harder a woman is to please the less a man will try. D. orse's Indian Root Pills are just the right medicine for the children. When they are constipated — when their kidneys are Slit of order — when over -indulgence in some favorite food gives them indigestion —Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pis will quickly and surely put them right. Purely vegetable, they neither sicken, weaken or gripe, like harsh purgatives. Guard your children's health by always keeping a box of Dr. Morse's Indian hoot Main the house, They sl Keep •the Childress 'Wel/ THREE METHODS of HANDLING Your FUNDS and what Each Represents :-- 1. -1. INVESTMENT—Safety with Profit, 2. SPECULATION—Profit(?) Without Safety. 3. HOARDING—Safety(?) Without Profit. IF the First Method is yours you will be interested in our SIX PER CENT. 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We will deliver FREE OF CHARGE to any address in the British Isles a case, of Guaranteed Select Cana d;ian A - .les for the email sum of y� 0 pp yy We use standard eases; eaeh Apple IS separately packed, and every precaution taken to ensure safe and rapid delivery. Over 5,000 eases shipped last year, Mail $3,00 NOW, stating where you require the ease sent, and WE 1)0 THE REST, Give full postai direc- tions, along with your own card for eneloeure in case. Mem. 0511Sf:R DEPARTMENT CANA.DIA1V EXPORT COM.PAN`I', 180 sT..JAMIOS gtl'1tJDf:17 MON9!itEAl, FROM , BONNIE SCOTLAND ilOTEP OP INTEREST Elia hl: III13 BANKS ANI) BRAES. What is Going on in The highlands And Lowlands of Auld Strobe. It is proposed to extend Airdrie Court House. The death has occurred of Mr. James Lauder at hie residence in Bridge of Weir. Ho was gas mana- ger for the village, Four further cases of smallpoai have been reported in 'Kirkcaldy. There a,ro now fourteen oases In hospital The revenue taken at Dundee in September was $232,060 as against $239,215 for September, 1911. Montrose asylum has been grant- ed a license for cinematographic en- tertainments for the inmates, Leith Corporation is proposing to sell the old gas works. Over 200 delegates attended the National Sabbath School Union Convention at Galashiels, The Black Watch Association an- nual report states that the ist Bat- talion of 'the old 42nd Highlanders expect to move to Aldershot in Feb- ruary. Mr. Alexander Middleton; one of the eldest Freemasons in Scotland, has jilt died at Johnshaven. He was a member of the craft for 61 years. There were 7,432 bowlers on the Glasgow Corporation green in one week recently. The first moving -picture house was opened recently in Kirkintil- loch A memorial tablet has been erect- ed by the Duke of Arglyle to com- memorate the death of Lieut, Don- ald Patrick Colin Campbell, of Bal- lineglain, David Sinclair, beat hirer, Dun- oon, was fined' 30 'shillings for carry- ing mere than twelve passengers at once in motor boats during the Glasgow Fair. A serious landslide has occurred on the east hank of the River Cast at Inchinan; partiallly blocking the channel. The total drawings of the recent flower :show in the Waverley Mar- ket, Edinburgh, amounted to $1.770, an increase of $65 on last year. At the Edinburgh Court the other clay a woman said that she had charged her husband with assault merely to get him out,of the road for awhile. A Strathaven man has grown in the open a. vegetable marrow 25 lbs. in weight. John Hands, aged 5, the son of a Wishaw miner, was fatally injured through hanging on to the back of a lorry. At the monthly meeting of Irvine Town Council it was agreed to car- ry out the extension at Glenafton Sanitorium at a cost of 511,500. A temperance home for women which has been providcd in the mansion House of Crawford Bank, L asswade, has been opened by the Marchioness of Tullibardine. Cockburnspath salmon fishermen complain of a bad season. Much gear has been destroyed by the storming sena, and few fish have been caught. For the first time in thirty-eight years the Incorporated Sanitary Association of Scotlandheld its an- nual congress at Montrose. 5, !HEROIC NURSE IN POVERTY. Time. de Ronsard. in Cairo, Served With Florence Nightingale. Word has come from Cairo, Egypt, that there la lining in an ob- scure quarter of that city, in sick- ness and poverty, a heroine who nursed British soldiers with Flor- ence Nightingale in the Crimean War, She is Mme. de Ronsard, and she fs 94. It is said she is the old- est nurse in the world, She eommen•eed her career as a Sister of Charity in 1849, and 22 years later she was decorated by M. Thiers, president of France, for serviees rendered to the wounded during the last agony of the Com- mune. When the Crimean War broke out she was already married, and was living In Paris with her father, who, in partnership with his brothel', Jean Alexander Panteau, treasurer at Covent Garden Opera House, in London, entered into .a"- eontraot to supply hay and horses to the RU•ssian Government, She accompanied him to Russia, and, joining the Sisters of St. Vincent and St. Paul, nursed the soldiers at, Scutari, whore Florence Nightin- gale was stationed. ; Her next service was as a mires in the Schleswig-Holstein cam- paign, when she was wounded; Then, after nursing cllolerepatients in OoParimms andune 1Vlnursarse, Wsi'll•esh, sheenthe beeVspmera a - sallies troop ,entered Paris site was thrice wounded. In 1860, at the Sorbonne, M. Pasteur presented to mheroved • a medal. With her third lnrs- hand, M. Pater, ail Italian, ailstiV Cairo, Exported from Capetown during July, 1012, Wero diamonds worth more than $5.000,000, ti