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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1912-8-8, Page 3/1OU5Ell LP KEEP FOOD CLEAN. What ie the composition of dust? • Tt has been described as a, little of everything. In the paved streets of cities and 'towns earthy particles from the (roil are always presenh. While tract dust in the country i:; • largely made up of the powdered earth of the road mixed with finely ground manure, in cities its lighter particles taro composed of several. kinds of dirt sufficiently disgusting to 'give ea a hearty aversion to dust as an accidental accompaniment to any article of feed. The dust of rooms contains earthy particles, minute fragments o£ clothing fibre, bits of abraded skin and pieces worn away from walls, floor and furniture; also mould spores, bacteria and street dust in greater or lase quantity, according to the location. The daily examination of the milk of a certain model dairy revealed suddenly a great increase in the 'bacterial count. The physician and the baetcriolo'gist examined the gremises and watched every process in .a vain effort to determine the cause, until it was 'noticed that the milk pails were put to sun where the dust blew on them. This cause removed, the bacterial count re. turned to normal. These air and dust bacteria are not necessarily harmful, but where large numbers are present they are likely to be among them those which prodnee disease. A number of eases of illness are on record di- rectly traceable to fruit, but it is difficult to determine whether in such eases infection has come through dust settling on the food or throagh direct contact of the fruit with infected human beings. Bettor market inspeetion is need- ed, better protection of food from dust bete in transit and when on sale, and a more rigid carrying out of exist' )aw, but, above all, a demand for clean food on the part . of the buyer. Precautions should also be taken against dust after the food is de- livered at the house. In modern dairying mach stress is laic' on the feet that sweeping the stable be- fore milking fills tho air with bac- teria which are likely to infect the newly -drawn milk. The same danger arises if food and dishesare loft exposed in kit- chen or ,pantry during sweeping. Tests have been made to determine how great this danger is in ordinary household practice, and it has been found not only that moulds, yeasts and bacteria are much more abun- dant in the air during sweeping, but that those stirred up by the sweeping de not settle back again for -several hours afterward. Evidently. then, it is not sufficient to cover food and dishes during the actual sweeping; they should re- main protected for some hours. Dusting with a dry cloth or feather duster also stirs the micro-organ- isms into the air ; for this reason a damp cloth to which they will stick • is greatly preferable for cleaning in kitchen, pantry 'and china closet; in fact, e,erywhere. These considerations also show the great sanitary advantages of modern cleaning devices, of which a number of sorts are now on the • market, by which, the dirt is sucked through tubes into suitable reeep- tacles. Bits of damp newspaper or damp sawdust sprinkled on a, floor will hinder dust from rising when the -room is ewept, but the wooden or linoleum -severed floor of a well- kept kitchen and pantry should 1nr • nish little dust. Large particles •should be lightly brushed up and the floor washed every few days. A souree of disease, but one fre- •quent}•y overlooked, is the pet ani- mals of the household. The fur of even the, meat cleanly cats and dogs overt conve in contact with many things which we would net care to have touch our food. In many fam- ilies where the animals are not al- lowed in the living rooms for fear of soiling the furniture they are given free range in kitchen and pantry, 'where the chances are they will leave more or less loose hair and dirt which niay find its way to food utensils or to food, CHOICE RECIPES, Oatmeal Gruel. -Put two heaping tablespoonfuls oatmeal in one quart of cold water, stir until it • commences to boil, then cook one hour, stirring occasionally to pre- vent scorching; season with salt, sugar and any spite desired, For latents and very .sick patients it Must be •strained, and not salted. Fig flaedwiches;-Chap the figs very fine, add water, to make a thin, smooth paste and cook gently until of s readin •consistency. Add nut P g meats chopped flee, with orange juice or extract to flavor, Or, if preferred, nee grated candied le- mon er orange peel with fresh fruit ie erste. Spread bet' thin lutes to t 'lees of butteredd weenbrown bread out 4n fanciful- shapes or between thin ethics of angel food or sponge cake. Num Budding. -Ono -half potted flour, one -halt potted chopped suet, one-half pound bresdorrimbf, one- half pound raisins, ane egg, milk and. auger,' Mix the flour, crumbs and •a little sugar together, rub in the suet, add raisins and egg and milk to make a very thick batter, Put into a well -buttered dish, and bake in good oven for two hours. Marshmallow Padding. -Dissolve two tablespoonfuls of cern starch in ono -half cupful of cold milk, add ono -fourth teaspoonful of salt, three-fourths cupful of sugar and one-half teaspoonful of butter into ono quart of boiling milk; stir this rapidly. Remove from the fro and divide into equal parts. Into one part stir the stiffened whites of two eggs; into the other four table- spoonfuls of melted chocolate. Fla- vor with vanilla. Put into a mould in alternate spoonfuls and ,servo with cream. Making Cranberry Pie. -For the pastry : Sift half a teaspoonful of salt and 1% cupfuls of flour; acid four tablespoonfuls of butter when thoroughly chilled. Chop until like meal; ackl cold water to make .a stiff dough. Child; roll on a floured cloth or moulding board into a rec- tangular shape; fold enols toward centre, double, turn half -way around and roll again. This paste is a superior one. Chill before roll- ing for pies. Roll the paste one- quarter inch thick. Cut paste an eighth of an inch larger than plebe. Cut strips three-quarters of an inch wide for rim. Cut upper crust at least one-eighth inch larger than plate. Arrange lower crust on plate, wet edges with cold water, lay strips of paste on rim on this, taking care to lap and seal the ends with cold water. Fill the pie with whatever material is to be used. Cut little slits iii centre of upper crust. Lay on pie; wet edges of rim. Have all edges oven, leaving fulness in centre to allow for shrinking. Press edges lightly but firmly. For the pie : For filling, mix 1% cupfuls of chopped cran- berries, half a cupful of chopped raisins, one cupful of sugar, one- quarter of a cupful of water and one tablespoonful of butter. This is sometimes called monk cherry pie. SOME STRANGE FOODS. Delicacies Enjoyed by the People of Sonic Countries. If you go to New Caledonia or New Guinea for your holidays there is a chance that you will have dishes 'of clay served upon your dinner -table. Odious as the idea may seem ,to us, it is a fact that that there are many human beings who feast on. clay. Travelers in the Orient declare that the yellow races are especially addicted to the prac- tice. After all, food is purely a matter of taste. The Eskimos delight in mice cooked in tallow. Then the Chinese consider that alligators, mice, and rats farm most excellent foodstuffs. A certain tribe of In- dians in California thrive upon ants. On the European Continent but- terflies are •sometimes eaten. The. Turkish enjoy goldfish, and in Ja- pan a good deal of fish is eaten raw. The South American Indians go' hunting for caterpillars, kill them by crushing their heads, and then pack them carefully in grass until required for "table use." Soma of the natives of Australia live largely upon the seeds of different species of grass. They also eat certain roots and bulbs and the gum ob- tained from trees. Another Australian delicacy is the flesh of snakes, and a favorite dish, called tninambe, is composed of pupa cases. WEATHER, PROPHET LEECH. ,. A leech kept in a glass jar of wa- ter is an excellent weather prophet. The jar should contain about three gills of water, which should be changed oncea week in summer, once a fortnight in winter. When the leech lies at the bettom of the jar, and curled up in spiral form, you may reasonably rely on fine weather. If, however, it creeps up to the top of the jar and remains there, rain is coming. When the leech darts about its lodging with great swiftness, it is not suffering from a pain, but is telling you to look out for wind. If a hurricane is en its way the leech will be more out of the waiter than in, and will have convulsive mo'vement's:- The jar, by the way, should be only par- tially filled with water, while the top should be covered with muslin. When Jack Frost is going to pay its a visit the leech behaves as when foretelling fine weather i.e., he lies at the bottom of the jar but when snow is coming he climbs right lip to the mouth of the jar and sticks there. MUNICH'S liElR RECORD. erman The capitalof B Bavaria, G y, maintains its 'smarm/Icy tie a beer - drinking community. Statistics just published by the municipal seehori- ties show that the Consumption of beer per head of the population. last year amounted 'to no less than 70% gallons. This is nearly three these as much as the Tnglielenan's aversge. Last year dl unieh's brew- eries prndueed 81,752,000 gallons of beer, of which 42,300,000 gallons was drunk in the city, while the rest was exported to other parts of Germany and abroad. This home consumption represented an in• crease of 2,310,000 gallons es com- pared with the previoae year. 11 THE MIGHT Y BRITISH BATTLESHIP LION They call her H.M.S. Hellfire in the navy, because the heat from her funnels on the trial trip warped the steel in the fighting -top. Britain's augmented fleet will be full of improved "Lions." THE SUNDAY SCHDDI STUDY INTERNATIONAL LESSON, AUGUST 11.. Lesson VL A troubled sea and a troubled soul. nark 4.35 to 5.20. Golden Text, Psa. 46. 1, 2. Verse 35. On that clay -The par- ticular afternoon of the day on which Jesus sat in a boat and taught the multitudes in parables. Unlike Luke (8. 22), Mark associates the events so that he remembers the very day. The other side. - The eastern shore of the lake, about opposite Oapernaum. 37. Storm of wind - Greek, a great squall. Matthew calls it a `tempest" (8. 24). 38, The cushion -On the helms- man's seat. The mention of the cushion and other little boats indi- cates the careful detail of Mark's narrative. 39. Peace, be still -Silence, be nuzzled. He addresses the waves as though speaking to an unruly ox. The Greek word carries with it 'not only the meaning that the sea should become quiet, but also that it should remain so. A great calm -"In contrast with the great storm." 40. Have ye not yet faith 1 -This question seems to indicate the prin- cipal lesson which the incident is intended to teach. In view of all the preceding miracles it would seem that these men, who had been -intimately associated with Jesus, should have been confident of his power and disposition to care for them, yet the incident discloses a woeful lack of faith. Tho startled appeal to their sleeping Master be- speaks the distrust which .possessed them when confronted with danger. The stilling of the storm is one more incident added to the long list of miracles which were designed to inspire the disciples with a constant faith in Jesus as the master of every situation. 41. Feared exceedingly -At first on account of their danger, later because of the mysterious power which Jesus exercised, Even the Wind and the sea obey him -Recorded in all three synop- tic Gospels, indicating the marked impression made', that not only were disease and Clemons subject to Jesus, but the natural elements as well, o. 1. Gerasenes-Luke 8. 26 gives this rendering, while Matthew 8. 28 reads Gadarenes. The city Ger- sa, or Kersa, from which the proper noun Gerasenes is derived, was situated on the eastern'side of the lake, about midway from north to south, and about a .mile from the shore. The shore at the point op- posite is narrow and steep, drop- ping abruptly from the high table- land able land to the waters edge. Here there is another heap of ruins de- signated by the same name, The proper noun Gedarenes, on the other hand, comes from Garlara, a city six miles southeast, bf the lake and south of the Hieromax or Yar- mak gorge, Gadara was fortified in ancient tines and wits one if the pr'incrpal cites of Dee polls. Compare: verse 20. 'Because of its importance it was known more widely outside of Palestine than was Gersa, and this fact may have led to the substitution of arida- penes for Geraseanes by some an- cient copyists. When we sommelier how often the mannscr'ints of our Gospels were copied end i'eeenied during the mans, euntur•iesprrcecling the invention of printing, the won- der is that more copyist's errors of this kind than actually do occur are net fiennd in tltc Gospels. 2, Siraischtwav--A common weed in Merle's rapid steeteh of events. Tombs --Caves in the limestone cliffs in the vicinity of Gersa, A man -Matthew: mentions two, Lake, however, mentions only one,. Itis not improbablethret there were two of whom one was the fiercer anal acted as spokesman. • Unclean spirit -Compare Lesson Text Studies for March 10 for note on Demon Possession. 6. Worshiped him -Paid him rev- erence. This was an act of obei- sance which did not necessarily amount to the worship of deity, but was a common means by which one person .acknowledged the superior- ity of another. The demons clearly recognized the mastery of Jesus over them. 7. What have I to do with thee? -The utterance of the man, impell- ed by the demon, which had nothing in common with Christ, Thou Son of the Most High God - As though he recognized the deity of Christ. It is to be noted that although men were slow in recog- nizing Jesus as divine the demons identified him immediately. 9. Legion -So called because they were many. A legion was a depart- ment of the Roman army number- ing 6,000 men. The language of the demoniac was of course figurative., It was as though he said, "I feel as though I were possessed of a thousand devils." 10. Ont of the country -Luke. 8. 31 reads "into the abyss." The demons feared being driven into torment, while the possessed man feared he would be driven from his asylum among the tombs. 13. He 'gave them leave -Mat- thew 8. 32 records that Jesus gave the command, "Depart." There is no, intimation, however, that they were commanded to enter the swine. TJJs,sgGhM nton ie shrdlu dlu uu About two thousand -As esti- mated by the terror-stricken swine- herds. 14. In the city-Gersa. 15. In his right mind -No longer oontrolied by demons. They were afraid -Of the mys- terious power which overcame the demons and resulted in such de- struction. 16. Declared unto them how it befell him -Told a simple story of the incidents and their results.. 18. As he was entering into the boat -The incident resulted in Je- sus departing at once without hav- ing an opportunity to teach. That be might be with him -A. re- quest prompted by both fear and devotion. 19. Go to thy house -The demo- niac became an apostle to those whose doors were closed to Jesus. 20. Decapolis-A group of ten cities ]wing south and east of the Lake of Galilee. .q. FIND •$500,000 IN TREASURE. Russian Peasants Unearth Relies of the. Fourth Century. While some peasants were digging -in a field in the village of Militias Russia, recently, they unearthed an old chest containing treasure to the value of $500,000. The treasure was. in gold and silver coins of the fourth century and several gold and silver vessels of a later date. One of these was a, large dish of damas- cened gold with a richly embossed rim encrusted with precious stones, A Latin inscription chews that this dish was at ono time in the posses - :Sion of a Bishop who lived in the eleventh century, .A similar dish is embossed with the image of Sapor IT:, a Persian monarch of the fourth century, Other articles were eleven solid gold Persian cups. The laborers kept the treasure in a cottage for a King time, thinking it wss brass and lead. It was through their efforts to make a bar - Rein with,the owner of the field on their .own valuation that the true worth of the metal in the chest was discovered, The estimate of valua- tion placed on the treasure is only what it would bring as bullien and not what it would bring in the world's 'great markets for milked - ties. ea- Within r),Within ,a period of fifty pears, .the population of the. 'United States has increased 380 per cent. The tiereflllable bottle has eame last. The uere:Sillabin pooket- book We have always bad With tut}. MARRIED BLUEJACKETS. HAUNTED BY Ole, These Figures Pursue London Man Ilome and Abroad, Sailors in British Navy reel In- crease in Cost of Living. One of the most important prob- lems connected with the British navy is that known as the lower deck grievances. This problem may be split up into questions of pay, of privileges, of promotion and of dis- cipline. The question of pay is the great- est of them -all. The pay of the navy, both for officers and men, has remained stationary since Nelson's day. Of course the sailor is lodged, fed and clothed by the Government, and the question of pay would not be so important if sailors were sin- gle men and had no home but their ships. But the navy is essentially a married service. Practically every long service sailor gets mar- ried, and of the men in the service more than 50 per cent. have wives to look after. Marriage is 'encouraged in the navy. The Admiralty recognizes that it is a good thing for men who remain from a dozen to twenty years in the service to contract the steadying tie of matrimony, but it does nothing to help them to main- tain their shore homes. They get no extra pay and no separation allowance like the soldier. Thus it comes about that the recent rapid rise in the cost of living has been very keenly felt by the bluejacket. As e rule the married, sailor makes- an akesan excellent husband. In the matter of messing and of quarters the sailor is better off than he used to be; his food•is more var- ied and it is better cooked, while the new ships give him more light and air and deck apace. Unnecessary interference with a curtailment of leave is another cause of the discontent among the men of the lower deck. When Lord Charles Beresford took over the command of the Channel fleet the offence of leave breaking had reach- ed very serious proportions. Every Monday hundreds of men failed to return to their ships, Lord Charles, extended the privilege of leave and gave the men liberty from Friday afternoon to Monday morning. In these two clear days they were able to go home, that was what they wanted, and leave -breaking promptly peasech in the Channel fleet, To -clay the offence is more or less prevalent again, for the Beresford system has been abolished, not be- cause it bad a bad effect on the efficiency of the fleet, but because the financial people at the Admiral- ty complained about the cost of.it. NO TIPPING IN. SWISS HOTELS Extra Charges Will Be ]Made on Toin'ist's' Bills Instead. Joy undoubtedly will come to the hearts of thousands of tourists who visit Switzerland every year as the result of the announcement that a number of Swiss hotels are going to do away with the tipping evil. Wherever the tourist goes throughout Europe he must leave a trail of silver behind him, and in Switzerland the demands of valets, porters and others are particularly exa.eting; So much se, in fact, that if a tourist should tip sparingly or not at all his hags and trunks aro so marked that when he arrives in the next resort town he is labelled as stingy and mean. This means of -course poor service. The methods of "highway robbery" in practice at the Swiss hotels have been a source of numerous cornpiaints to hotel managers and 11 was realized that something must be done about the matter, The remedy proposed is this: A specific sum ender the head of "special services" will be charged on the tourist's bill for 'polishing shoes, handling baggage and other such services. Although it is not annouueed which hotels will take irp the new scheme, it is certain to become gen- eral. Harry W, Devonshire in a letter to the London (England) 'Thum says; "During a residence of Some seventeen years in the metropolis T have lived at six different address- es in the West End of London batw- ing the number 31. Five of these addresses I approached without any preconceived intention of doing so and on•e of them by design. Four of -my intimate friends reside at addresses in town, each house being a No. 31. Five other friends live it residences in London exactly oppo• site houses bearing the number 31. "If my taxicab should be held up by congested traffic my vehicle her times without number stopped ex aptly opposite a No, 31, While strolling..around a West End square recently my attention was attracted to one of the houses by reason of ite original design, and upon ap- proaching it for closer inspection 1 discovered it bore the number 31. "Leaving the enclosure at the London Aerodrome last Saturday to walk around the grounds with a. friend we were suddenly attracted by Hame)'s remarkable exhibition of flying. I led the way to one of the numerous slightly raised foot - rails which border the enclosure, and when we stepped back again on to the ground we both observed it bore the number 31. "I attended an evening function a short time ago at ivhiclr over 300 guests were present and the disc handed me in the cloak -room was No. 31. I may state that not a sin- gle person in .the building but the friend who was with me and who accompanied ine to Hendon knew of these No. 31 occurrences, and his astonishment was as sincere and profound as my own. "On Thursday of the present week, in the cloak -room of a certain West 'End house which was crowd- ed to repletion with wedding guests, the man servant• tendered mea disc No. 31 in exchange for my hat and stick and I refused it. I was determined to attempt to break the spell ofthis irritating and ghastly No. 31 which .pursues me everywhere a•nd upon occasion. I may conclude these experiences by mentioning that the entrance to my club which I daily visit faces a No. 31," NEW WAY TO RILL LOCUSTS. Invented by a French Scientist, Dr. Felix d'Herelle. During a visit to Mexico two years ago, Dr. Felix d'Herelle, a young acieutist of the Pasteur In- stitute, noticed •that locusts were subject to an epidemic disease, and concluded that the best means of destroying the insects would be to spread the disease among them. After careful research he discov- ered the bacillus of the disease. and, as the result of a, paper read before the "leadenly of Science:: in Paris, was invited to make a prac- tical test of his discovery by the Government of the Argentine, where every year the plague of lo- custs does incalculable damage to the crops. His first expea•iments were imme- diately successful, a swarm of lo- custs kept between barriers for ob- servation purposes being extermi- nated in six days after they had eaten grass sprinkled with M. d'Herelle's preparation. Within less than a week dead locusts were also found thirty miles from the in- fected fields, while forty days after- wards locusts bearing the mark of the epidemic were picked up two hundred and fifty miles from the in- fected area, The locust plague in the Argen- tino threatened to be worse than ever this year, and in the spring the doctor set one accompanied by mules carrying the disease -spread- ing liquid. and sprinkled every swarm of locusts that conid be found in the Province of Rica, where acre after acre of the in- sects had just hatched. .After three 'veeks only one living swarin was left in the entire district, The doctor declares that his pre- paration in no way affects the cat- tle grazing in fields sprinkled with the liquid. Co?fViC'r'1'11tE,S ST'I'CiDE. Nails, Scre.u•s, Glass. Lead, Ete., Found in Tlis Stomach. A convict. who is undergoing a longsentenee in the prison of Lenz- bour'g, Canton of Avgovir, become tired of life .recently, and decked to hasten death by a carious meth- od. He swallowed every piece of instal, glass, etc., he mule' find in the courtyard when the wardens were not. watching him. This con- tinued for weeks, and thee convict' seemed to thrive, but the other clay he was foiled writhing in agony, and the fleeter, to save the man's lite. performed an operation in haste, l+rom the ronvici's stomach were extracted 147 nails of verities sizes, 69 screws. 24 pieces of glass, 9 bits of lend, 22 brass hands of nails, h collar hnttnns• and the brolren blades of A knife and n chisel. The operation WAS a snocess, end the convict,,who has changed his view oenternme his departure from this world, twill iso ba well again, 0A�8A�A!i�A�OpA�'A�AAOQi0y4'a IVO Y . The''l'i'agedy of a Teelter 0414P'l ese•^AOAts eef AG>Ada00044 The boat was awful. Even the birds were aabeep-the beasts had gone ±0 eovol•. long age -and only the reptiles seemed able to stanch it. Thera was a chameleon lizard on the front of a palm, who pul- sated with •eoiors through ruby and pink to green and back again; and there was a snake whose livery res ,sembled worked beads en leather such as Red Indian chiefs wear, and Se, was coiled round the stem of at, flower that resembled a nine -inch horn of pure white wax. • One lone vulture -hung poised, wheeling in slow circles, as if on wire, fair above the trees in a sky` like a polished copper dome, and • :hat was the only moving thing. The reptiles were as still as -reptiles. The very trees sweated. It was like being in an orehi•d house at Kew Gardens, Only there was leo end to this orchid -house. Everywhere were shadows,• Th hlazing sun and branches slashed great bars and blots, -pools and bands and dappled curtains of al- most black -grey and pure gold. The sensuous, sickly scents of great waxy flowers of many Tues hong heavy on the air. There was no sound... Then one huge blotch of shadow, which had been there for hours motionless under a Spiky euphorbita- tree, slid upwards -from its end, as it were a bleak snake. The vast shadow under the tree was an ele- phant. I cannot tell you the height of that bull African elephant -dare not. But there was a tree hard by, where he ]fad been in the habit of rubbing his hide. The bark had been worn off, and the wood smoothed to a height of fourteen feet. It was iris tusks that had given the flashing gleam; they seemed to weigh down even him. They weighed two hundred and. twenty-six pounds apiece, were slightly over ten feet long, and -. were at the base as big round as a fat woman's waist. - Then he went. I have no hope to convey to you the strange weird- ness of that going. Removed he at speed, breaking at once into the swift shambling elephant trot, and faded out like smoke. But' the miracle of it all was that he made no noise -not a whisper. A - lithe leopard -cat. getting out of his way, made a rustle. and a rat in his path pattered audibly on a dead ;palm- • leaf; but this living mountain -this four tons or so of animated flesh I s,, and bone passed like the passing of a thought, Instantly, as if the whole world thereabouts had turned into a -stage of shifting scenery, the dense, massed shadows all around began to fall apart into huge units, and, .gliding into the open, slid out oft; sight and the path of the tusks like ghosts. They were all elephants, and the manner of their going -the' absolute dead silence of that re- treat -was e - treat was terrifying: i One only remained behind.. She 1 • had to. A little six -fent -high baby elephant there was her property, and made her dally, It was the in-. �. stinot of a mother fighting for leer child that made her stop. Bang! The short, butting, coughing re=, port of the heavy ,470 Express thundered through the virgin forestnc' like thunder. The she -elephant spun . about like a butterfly on a pin -all as lightly -fanned out her huge cars, rolled up her trunk, .tooted out a ridiculous little sound like the_ blast of a small, cracked trumpet, swayed, and crashed' to earth wcitli tine catacysmal downrnsh of a fall- ti ing tree. The calf ran on blindly, sgttoalin and grunting like a pig. Half an hour later' came two of female elephants, helping along'; and caressing a little agitated ale, pliant calf. It was the orphan,! They had adopted it. after the mur- der of the old she -elephant, But what week] you? That love- ly. soft, yellow ivory'of the billiard - balls is oracle from the tusks of fe- male elephants, and themurderer had to make a living somehow. - London Answers, SEWING MACHINE STORY. That common and useful house- hold article, the sewing-nuacliine, has only been in :practical use some sixty-six soars. Long before that, laorvever, th e foundations of the machine we use now were laic'. As far back As 1755, as donbie-pointed needle with an eye in the, centre was invented, incl later -in 1790-a roan named Tlrereas ,Saint devised a machine for stitching, quilting, or sowing leather. In 1930, a French- man invented a machine which," he este in his tailoring bu.sincss, but,„a it was wrecked, owing to th.e dislike of an ignorant crowd, Sixteen years later the machine upon which all sewing -machines are new based. wiis constrmeted. Plias i=leil4; 'syr+ .:,• American, was the inventor, . The k' improvement in his 'machine lay is the introduction of the ourvcd eye - pointed needle And• the rrnderr. thread shuttle. Up to the time ol� 1115 deal h• -in 1867--41cwe received over $2,000,000 in 1440'643c f