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The Brussels Post, 1924-10-1, Page 3--""tteeer""''.'"'" -777","T • • sesseeseres-7''' " 7 *.r....,* .*-'''" "`"'"...-^".m.'"' '" '''''"- .. •, . I 0 1 preparing Butter for Exhihi- Efi to ent Farmingi During the next few weeks the fell tion at Rural Fairs, -- fairs will bo pn all over the province. ' This means that really a the people STORING THE ROOT CROPS FOR WINTER. One of •the meat important prob- terns now facing the home gardener is how best to store the crops that were .grown sputtially for winter and early spring use Qenerally speak- ing,iall root crops can be safely stored in a frost -proof cellar, and will, if Properly cared for, keep insfirst-class condition until spring. A tempetature a few degrees above the freezing point is ideal, but in the majority of home cellars such a low point is not easily Maintained. The result is that unless some varieties of roots are not covered with soil to exclude the warmer air, and so keep them from shriveling, they become useless in a comparative- ly short time. • When putting away potatoes We use boxes that hold from ane to two bush- els, In receptacles of this else the tubers are readily overhauled from time to time, for if one isolate goes bad those surrounding it are very soon affected also; hence the necessity for going ovei, them occasionally. The coolest part of the collar must be re- served for them, and light must be . excluded, otherwise the tubers will be- come green and the flavor thereby be greatly impaired. Of course this can be obviated by covering the boxes with sacks or other material to ex- clude all light. Lowe cerr POR VENTILATION. If the cellar has a dirt floor the majority of the root crops will ap- preciate the small quantity of mois- ture that will always be present, pro- vided the furnace is at such a distance that the temperature will never be unduly high. In the latter case it will be well to erect a partition, thus providing a separate room for the vegetables, and as far removed from the furnace as possible. The parti- tion need not be made of expensive material, but a separate storage room is absolutely necessary if vegetables are to be kept in first-class condition for any length of time. Ventilation is of the greatest im- ports= The storage room should be provided with at least one window; if ;there are two,• so much better. During all mild weather the windows • should be left partly open, but safely screened with wire to keep out ver- min. Then they must be shaded with burlap or sacking to exclude light. While potatoes should be thoroughly dry before storing, such root crops as beets, carrots, turnips, parsnips, sal- sify and winter radishes receure more moisture; therefore, they should be packed in soil orsand. With the ex- ception of potatoes the other roots might be better stored in an outshel, where conditions will more readily lend themselves to using soil in which to pack them, and where the temper- -. ature will be lower. But this may not, be safe In localities where the temperature goes down to zero. How- ever, if the heaps are we'll covered with straw and soil and they are not opened and esteemed while the temper- ature is very low, 'a little frost pene- trating the heap will do little if any damage and, taking advantage of favorable weather, a sufficient quan- tity of each may be brought to the home cellar from time to time. Before storing, the tops must be cut off, but be careful not to cut into the roots; it is well to leave a tiny bit of the stems on the roots, as it will prevent bleeding. Parsnips and salsify may bfieleft in the ground, for they are perfectly • herds.. I have found the attic to be an ad- mirable storage place for onions; it is unheated, dry and cool. The bulbs are spread out thinly on the floor. CELERVs SPECIAL NEEDS. Celery requires special attention in storing if we are to have it in prime condition throughout winter and into spring. Select .a sheltered position for the treneh, which is dug eighteen inches wide and deep. Loosen the bottom of the trench, or spread a little of the fine top 'soil over it to encourage and take care of the roots. Moisten the bottom of the trenclepre.; vious to storing the plants. The plants should be lifted and put away in dry weather, for, if the tops are wet when packed, decay and rot will surely fol. low. When lifting the celery plants try to keep as much soil as possible on the roots, and if they are very dry it will be well to apply more water to the bottom of the trench; and also dip the roots in water, taking care that the leaves and stalks are kept quite dry. Set the plants in rows fairly close together, drawing soil well over the roots as each row is completed. The soil between the rows, well them. ed, will allow a little tut space be- tween the plants, and prevent heating. Wheit. the plants are all in the trench, the roots properly covered with Boil and mode firm, the sides are baked up with More soil until it is level with the extreme tops of the leaves, It is now of the greatest im- portanee that the tops should not be subjected to ram, or at least that portion of the trench intended fot win- ter and spring ase. Yet, if the wea- ther le inild, there is. no necessity to cover the pleats melees there be clan- ger of rainstorms. However, as a 'wooden roof is necessary later, it may be prepared now. On the approach of severe frost the celery is covered with thick layer of dry leaves and the 1, leaves covered with two twelve -inch - Wide boards, these being joined to forte an Inverted V, and so shed the Water. Pumplane and whites squashes on our farms will be very boy pre - should have a temperature of tit lesist Paring their exhibits, Butter is just one of the many THE PEDLAR. forty-five derees so that the Pewee end of the cellar suits them perfectly, things that will require attention be, Geed morning, Mother Maude, have Towards the end of the season we cause every buttermalcer wantsto You need 01 any coral select a slumber of ripe, firm, perfect make 'a creditable showing, so says I'M Goblin Green the peeler, and 1 O.A.C. pass this way each morn, 4 ' Have the stableti, cows and all uten- W°u111 you "re to taste a sample 01 big tomatoes. Thee Pre '"rie"n stone crocks, I and the crocks filled' with a very sits olefin and do not feed the (tows the grain that's in my ,pe•eke strong brine, Atter fillingthe crock einything that might give an uncles's, And if its flavor pleases, I am bring ' , is covered with a piece of clean cot- glee flavor to the butter, The" judge along a. seek. tan cloth which is held le plao by fr Dame Mousle took a wimple mid she the cool celler, When preparing the an inverted plate. They are kept th flavor and it is given 45 out ef .he 100 points on the score card. . must have found it fiood'. sliced in the usuhl manner, If the most fruit for use they are soaked in fresh Chtirn the cream weet, or with IOW For cold water overnight, then peeled and, "Mite, as that is whet iS wanted bY a -day stored they will keep in line condition esee Waugh to britie the teMPerature And the efeik the corn waliqiect in was tomatoes ere perfectly ogee when eep le cretten too an t. urn a a judges. I left his load as wen • ;Ile etopped et Mother Mousie's and he toipaapseiadszitelyie Wood. with .r S Fertilizing Effect of Rain A lot of butter shown &sour rural Moisture in Silage Making. fairs is made from cream insufficient- It is essential that there should be and Snow. , ly cooled and churned t too high a sufficient moisture present in fodder The remark is often made, more tomperatore. Because of this the bodyi at the time it is being placed in the that there is no water like ram water particularly by the town dweller, is weak and the color pale, or, if the, silo to provide the water requirement for freshening up the lawn and gar - n salt is unevenly distributed, the but-' for the ensiling process end leave the den. The reason for this is at least tee will be streaky, surplus necessary to have amply All of those things are considered mast well made silage after the fer- mentative and cooling processes have taken place.With sufficient mois- ture present in the ensiled mass there is little danger of the fermentation. temperatures running to high. Corn in the glazed stage, or dried out through freezing, or.long delays in harvesting will require liberal wet- will • ' 1 t tho for fully four months. , butter in nice, firm granules in from" a Canterbury a twenty to twenty -live minutes. y explainecl 10 tne report 05 mne by the Judge, as is shown by the score carrying on chemical examinations of Flavor .• .46 Dominion Chemist, who has been 1.0' h reads as f • snow and rain, The Dominion Chem- ist points out that the chief function of ram is the bringing into solution of the plant food in the soft, thus making it available for absorption by the plant rootlets. But it is also true, he continues, that rain and snow con- tribute a notable, though not a large part of their nitrogen compounds to the life and growth of the plants.' It, is founcl thatthe quantity 01 nitrogen compounds present in rain and snow varies from season to season, and also according to thethcality in which the rain falls. The condition of the. 1..te mosphere at the time of precipitation in respact to smoke, etc., markedly affects the nitrogen content, for it is' by the washing, filtering, cleansing action of the rain and snow that they derive their fertilizing value. Heavy bush fires are credited with greatly increasing the nitrogen per ton in the rain, while samples of rain water col- lected from large industrial centres are shown to contain a greater rich- ness of fertilizing value than ram or snow collected in the open country. The report shows that the rain and snow fall in the Ottawa district dur- ing twelve months supplied to the soil on which it fell at the rate of abOut „seven and a half pounds of nitrogen to the acre. • Feeders and Stockers. To assist eastern farmers who have plenty of feed to secure cattle at cheap prices, and at the same time to make an outlet for the product of the Western ranges, the Dominion Live Stock Breech is unclertaking' to slsare the expense of bringing cattle east - weed. The Branch undertakes 'until the first of December to pay the one- way railway fare and other living ex- penses from his home to Winnipeg, Moose Jaw, or Calgary, of a farmer who purchases one or more carloads of cattle to be fed on his own farm or on the farms of others for whom he makes purchases. Feeder shows and sales of suitable cattle are to be held at Winnipeg on Oct. 8 to 11, Moose Jaw Oct. 15 to 17, and Calgary Oct. 21 to 22: The purchases is expected to visit at least one of these events. If, however,be should not complete his purchases at these sales, arrange - Jones may be rnadeethrough a repre- sentative of the Livo Stock Branch at any of these stockyards to himself visit a ranch to secure his shipment. Before proceeding westward on a cattle -purchasing strip, it would be well to communicate with the Live Stock Commissioner at Ottawa for de- tailed information. Feeder and stocker cattle in the' West are even at this early date' bringing comparatively low prices, while the prices in the East are at' least moderate for thiS time of the yeas During the week ending Sept.' 4 stockers from 450 to 800 pounds' sold in Edmonton from $2 to s2.50 a hundredweight, while feeders 800 to' 1,100 pounds brought no more than $3 a hundred.- During the same week stockers were sold in Toronto up to $3.85 and feeders up to $6. per hun-, dred pounds. ' I Texture 15 Incorporation of moisture .. Color ......... . .... 10 Salt s —10 • Pecking -10 Total 100 If the weather is width, the ice sup- ply exhausted, and the water not cold enough to lOwer the cream to tee re- quired temperature, it would be well to get a piece of ice to cool the "ok- hibition" cream and the water used for washing the butter. • This butter' will be firm enough to stand sufficient working and it will have better body and texture, improv- ed color and more even distribution of the salt. If it should be necessary to add a few drops of coloring to the cream be careful not to add too much. Better have the butter pale than have it I highly colored - Do not wait until thd morning of I the fair to churn the cream. The but- ter will be in better condition and will score higher if it is made two or three days before. This will give it thee to become "set," and the flavor of the butter and salt will be blended. The packages must be as ileat and tidy as it is possible to make them. Ilse a box or crock that looks new.. A chipped or cracked crock will reduce the score under the heading of "packing." When a person has made an effort to make a good product they have a feeling of satisfaction even though they do not win a prize. There is al- ways this fact to bear in mind—the prizes are few in number but the come petitors are often many. Boys and girls In American schools are two years behind those of the same age in other countries, so far as Latin and Greek are concerned. Use the B ower. Before entering the silo it is advise: able to start up the blower of the cut- ting box. In a silo which has been long empty the smothering carbon dioxide gas may be formed, and the, fresh silage in one partly filled may produce a poisotous gas. If there is no cloctilation of 015 000 01 these be present hi cdeisiderable Air currents stirred up by the blower: dilute the gases sufficiently to drive' them from the silo. Prince Edward Island is doing big business in certified seed potatoes. Last year 235,000 bushels were ship- ped out, a big portion of whieh was sent to the United States. Get the galvanized vessels out of the chicken coop. Hos fed thilk in such containers are poisoned thereby, Use wooden, earthen, or poseseass Containers, The -best time to save Seed potas toes? Why that's easy --as you dig theft When you come to 0 hill that has a like lot of uniform, good-sized ones, put them aside fore -met year's planting. ting. The shortage in plant juices, can be made up by the application of' water in quantity sufficient to.thor- oughly wet the cut fodder. Water is' best applied. by running a small stream directly into e fodden cutter while the fodder is being passed through and blown up into the silo. With water under pressure, a valve to contra the flow, and a section of gar- den hose the process of wetting the cut fodder is easy.—L. Stevenson, 0. A. C. • Why They Dig. • "Why are these Congressional Com- mittees always digging into something and stirring up the dirt?" "Because it's pay dirt, my boy." In wood there are a great many small holes or cells. Some of these have a little moisture in them. When the wood gets hot this moisture turns to steam and bursts the cells. This makes a noise like a small explosion, and a great many such noises together Make the crackle of the fire. Shrowm. g at th e County Fair BY P. P. POPE.- Ti.e fair season is here. Stockmen have looked over the premium lists to see how well they can fill it. Our country fairs are county promotion enterprises primarily; they are not pet exhibitions of the officers, and al- though fair officers are often an abused lot, they are invariably public benefactors, giving their best services for the promotion and development of community interests. Too often exhibitors look upon their show efforts from a rivalry making staiidpoint only. Of course, a certain amount of premium. money is neces- sary in order to leave a satisfactory teste in the mouth oe the showman. lie spends a tedious wee's, washing and grooming his chargee, eonstantle cleaning stable.s, and forever answer- ing' questionsewise and aberwiSe. He loves his charges, lielovesthe strife of a healthy contest, and nature ly likessto see the prizes come his way. But the money war is not the sole benefit. The acevertiaing value of a week's exhibition of one's wares, whether they be cattle or cantaloupes or candles, is well worth the effort. More ;prospective customers will in- spect your exhibits at the county fair in one week, than will visit your farm to sce theni In a whole year. ;TS RIMIEST ESTATE. Tho county fair reaches its highest eetate, however, when the exhibitors can loolc upon it as a promotion enter- prise, as means of fixing higher ideals in the minds of Men and tvd- men. When numerous local exhibit- ors make their exhibits with the big idea of shotving to the world its at- tractive fornt the resources ot their trespeetive cone -nullities, they are look- ing upon the fair business from the right viewpoint, It le this elide hi one's owe 'community, and, in the seu complishments of, its people, that lends the right spirit to the occasion, that gives to the county a high stand- ing throughout. the eounry, and that ultimately causes the premium lists to, grow, the attendance to swell, and the advertising benefits to PREPARATIONS 5011 TIM S1101V. It is with all these objects in view that it has become a sort of custom The Sunday School 'Lesson OCTOBER 5 The Choice of the Twelve, M att. 10: 1-18. actlder4 Text -- DON'T NECLBCT Th FALL JOBS Freely ye bmwe received,. freely give0--Matt, 10; 8, I We hear so much about Planning I. THE TWELVE DISCIPLES COMMIS- he," as our Authorized Version for the spring garden that we are apt OIONED, i4 wrongly renders it), and Judas Dicer- to overlook the opportunities afforded II. JEWS INSTRUCTS Teem von TIUiII iot afterwards thetrite The word us in fall. sweetie, 6,41. Iferaoeuenosee-The task of Jesus, est we saw hi our last lesson, WAR to lead the nation of Israel to repent - mice in preparation for the coming of tbe thoughtlees and 4.indifferent, to Biorlirtiollg4otdo, reseethsie.eastigs spouelespe0sfethiee he nowilad baeafnolcifs°Wnveerrtet/ by jPesrubsieeancidf fsciel•Itisloon'ke :nr°i1Pgsetanindueth4koef tthirneire :rYoutilt1 worldly sense, But from these designs; tang of the sal an tile fall for next the men; called worked in the fall. rouse the careless, to comfort the de- tthhee4CiOttliersSvef Ofszhaiaai:nsiosstilloant, etlorelvyiswithearlel Pease. Thea° are from 1711140U5 walks in life, to whom The garden perhaps is still fully occupied with crops. But, what about the vacant lot adjoining which we contemplate cropping next spring, or that piece of sod land that has to be turned under to give us more ground for potatoes and corn? The vacant Mt will more than likely be a mass of rank weeds and grass. If turned under, the weeds and grass- es will furnish humus, and no time should be lost in having this done. If the area is so large as to warrant it "Cananean" pp1led to the mond. In reality all gardens would be bet - Simon, means Zealot, as Luke theories tea us, and seems to imply that the Simon g in question once belonged to a society in the fall. Professional gardeners, ter 11 eiclf IntouctilheC4Elptrileng"Wrilkeithandeiisen7Cnrlee Of insurrectionists, who wished to who have to he wide avrake realize overthrow the power of Rome by Anne, h • t d t f 11 it;ints• the and'to make Israel a lcindgom lis the' t e glee a van ages o ta the summons to repentance might be given, and the offer of the kingdom of Gd made. But the task was vast, and beyond the Savlour's personal power to accomplish. Helpers were needed, and now we see him solemnly appointing twelve disciples to take part with him in the evangelization of Israel. We save last, week how full of ceaseless "aetivity his days were, how the more he labored; the more the multitudes gathered to him from every side, needing instruction, heal - Jesus now commits the gospel of the kingdom of God. • II. ,1ESUS INSTRUCTS TEEM POR 'mem eouliefee, 5-8. Vs, 5, 6, In the filet place, their mis- sem is to be for the present, limit/3d to Ierael, The ities of Galilee were not all Jewish. There were numerous places whieh contained a largely for- eign or Gentile population, just as in Canada there are settlements consist- ing largely or entirely of Ukrainians or Finns. These foreign communities ing and guidance. These multitudes had sprung from the earlier settle - represented the "lapsed masses" of ment or colonization of Palestine by the Galilean cities. They consisted Greeks and others. Such a city of largely of people who had drifted Sepphoris, for instauce, though quite away from the synagogue and from close to Nazareth, was a Gentile city. organized religion, and who had found But for the present the disciples are nothing to take its place. Restless instructed not to take any road lead- ing to such a city. Nor again are they and dissatisfied, torn up by the roots, so to speak, and drifting aimlessly, to cross the border into Samaria. hey inoved the Soul of Jesus to an Their task, like that of Jesus himself, unutterable compassion. He did not is to be the salvation of "the lost despair of the "proletariat" of Israel, sheep of the house of Israel," the lap - but saw his principal task in the re- sed masses of Jews who have drifted demption of their souls to God, in, from religion and from God, and bringing the lost ones back to a whom it is imperative to reconcile and worthy aim in life. Come unto me, ,bring back to the Father. he said, "all ye that labor and are) V. 7. The message of the wandering heavy laden, and I will give you rest"! preachers is to be always that God IS In Matt. 9:36 we read that Jesus now about to set up his everlasting likened them to "sheep having no ltingdom of salvation, and, therefore, seepherd." They were exposed to men are to turn from sin and Satan, every temptation, and at the mercyland to prepare themselves by right - of the enemy of souls. Therefore, eousness to obtain an inheritance 121 Jesus said to his disciples, "The har- the holy realm of God. vest truly is plenteous, but the lahor-I AppEICATION. ers are few; Pray ye, iherefore, the Lord of the harvest, that he will send In the choice of the Twelve, Jesus f oRowed what would now be consider - forth laborers into his harvest,' e • Matt. 9: 37, 38. led a sound pedagogical path. First disciples, then apostles—first learners, I. TEE TWELVE DISCIPLES COMMISSION- the doers. "The end of a thought is ED, 1-4. • an action," said Carlyle. "The means V. 1. Jesus solemnly summons the' of an action shou'd be a thought," let twelve. Some of them possibly were us say. It needs intelligence to be a still living in their own homes. When' capable mechanic, lawyer, doctor. It they assembled, he explained to them' needs moral thoughtfulness to make the nature of the task which they' the complex individual life safe and were now to undertake. They were to sound. It needs vision to co-ordinate preach the message that God was now' the life of a Christian democracy. about to begin in his kingdom. They God gives us men who are thinkers to were to call on all men to put away; lead church and state into the un - the old life of thoughtlessness and sin, known. God give us a church and and to give themselves to God. But in state that will dare to do what our order that this might be done, they hest thinkers think. must realize that God has now put In the choice of the Twelve, Jesus forth his power for the saving a men' followed a sound psychological law. from sin and Satan; their reign of He did not fill up the glorious com- sin and death is coming to an end. pany of the apostles with standard - Jesus, therefore, gives his disciples ized men. Twelve men more various power to cast -out demons or evil spin,' could not be found anywhere. Con - its, and to heal diseases. aider the contrasts. Peter stood forth Vs. 2-4. the disciples of Jesus had like a fiery peak in the Highlands,— mostly been.called from the ranks of iiohn gently rested in his God like common toil. Some had been Asher- some deep mountain tarn. Matthew men, and as fishermen, they had had been a publican, taking office ;learned the grand lesson of patience under the Roman government. Simon or "meekness." The names are given:the Zealot was a sworn enemy of the ' in three groups of four. The first empire. There were no two men aMce. consists of Simon surnamed Peter I This shosys us that we have a Sav- Andrew James and Jehn. These rein; lour who can meet the need of all • resent tile earliest followers of jesus., types of men. He is the catholic 1 The second group consists of Philip, Christ. Born in the East, he is seer - 'Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew' shipped in the West, and when his 'who had formerly been a "publican', name is carried back again to the or collector of taxes. The th rd group East, the rion-Christians of India 'consists of James, the son of Alph-emake use of the name that is above ts4tieckPtle ahaaomrseetsi,mceaarrdiellesasomaep oaf Simon the Cananean (not "Canaan- end call Ghandi, "the Christ of India." amiss Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddaeus,levery 052110, to describe their hero, lot of hogs to take to !the county fair. ellteandw We only have a few miles to go so it makes et easy to move over the first week and back Saturday night, The whole week'is given over entirely to the fair and the whole force thinks of little else. We pitch a tent in a convenient place, arrange a comfortable bed, take successfully, probably the "HopI minute. along a chest full of tools and equip- Thumb" or irrepressible type of boy; A boy generally has a vast amount ment, and some grain for the stock,— is the biggest problem. As one school; of pride, and Ulla is of value if it is the fair company furnishes hay and teacher says, "You never can put your; only directed into the right channels. bedding,—and camp out for the week linger on him," and as his own mother!, These first pleas may be met with a It is a hard life, of course, but like says, "A mother of a boy like Archie:certain bravado that implies "I don't other sorts of camp outfits, is not surely deserves a special dispense,' care," but the thought usually sinks without its enjoyable features. Hon I" j in and Is applied if the boy can man - 'j age to do it without seeming to "give Much 6f the week previous is often The Hop 0' Thumb boy is the kind i given over to preparation for the that "dry cleans" his hands on a towele 2"-!" or lose any of what he considers event. There may be feet to trim, when sent to wash them before meal his "manly dignity"! 'horns to scrape and polish, halters to time, and who slips away frorn the If he seems to have grown suddenly beyond home influence and his father's make, and calves and colts to break to table afterwardS, 011 the slightest Prei advice, more drastic discipline is need - lead. It saves lots of uneasiness and text, to be with the gang. - worry during the first days of the The reniedy? thefiroil A practical punishment firmlyst place, one enforced, 18 often effective for failure fair, on theg,part of the cattle, if they has to consider Archie's virtues oss: to shady or keep his person or room it may hold the rain, which will assist o can be gradually taken off the grass well SS his faults. While imputsive' in order. Thus, for example, "Von greatly in rotting the vegetable mat - and accustomed to dry feed before and restless, he is quick to learn if be; can't ride your wheel for a week," or ter. Where practicable the compost Jar time. With kind handling and a is sufficiently interested,, and Ise is "I shall not allow you to attend the heap should be turned over and mixed warm-heatted. This is often true of ' a night." Either will boys of this type, especially if the af- mete on Fri fections DM trained early to centre in the home. When Archie rebels lit practicing, brings home poor marks from school, TRAINING OU R CHILDREN The Hop 0' Thumb Boy: ---By Marion Brownfield Of all children difficult to bring up you and watch or talk to you every the work should he done with the plow, which, with a chain attachment, will be able to get the tall weeds and grass well covered. To build up the fertility of the plot, it should be given a good dressing of finely powdered lime, applying it at the rate of one ton to the acre, or twenty pounds to each forty square yards. The soil is then worked and fitted for sowing with a cover crop which may take the form of winter vetch and rye or rye alone. This will fur- nish green manure and will be turned under in spring. THE ZOBS HUMUS DOES. Humus adds greatly to the moisture holding capacity of the soil, which is of so much hnportance during a dry season. It also consolidates a light soil and makes a heavy soil more porous. In addition to the humus which may be added in the form of green crops we can also have free nitrogen by using a leguminous crop such as hairy or winter vetch. Whatever green crop is sown it should be plowed down early in spring. If allowed to grow uninterruptedly until spring is well advanced the tops may become so heavy that they will not decay quickly but will form A vacuum under the top layer of soil, which in the event of an early drought will dry out quickly. This is obviated by getting the vegetable matter down in good time. Land now in sod which is intended for cropping next spring should be plowed this fall. This allows the grass and roots ample time partially to decay. Old sod land usually houses a host of undesirable insects over winter, but by plowing in the fall and allow- ing the ground to Ile rough, many of them will be destroyed, There should be a compost pile in every garden; in fact, we cannot do without it if much potting has to be done and where a special compost is required for hot beds, cold frames and raising seedling plants. The compost pile is made up prin- cipally of good turf taken from a pasture field, if siossible; otherwise the next best available. The sods are cut about three inches thick and laid In layers, grass side down On top of two or three layers ef sods we spread a coat of manure or leaves. Upon some of the layers bone meal is scattered, also ground rock phos, phate, continuing the pile with alter- nate layers of the foregoing until it is four feet or rather more in height and any desired width or length. Light dressings of lime should be added be- tween some of the layers; it will keep the compost sweet. But do not bring it in direct contact with any layer of manure. If the sod is taken from heavy clay land an occasional layer of sand or finely sifted coal ashes will improve it greatly, for a heavy retentive soil is not at all suitable for general potting, nor yet does it make a good seed bed. PROST. The top of the pile bb mild be flat or slightly hollowed in the centre that little 'grain, they will soon adapt themselves to the chimp and appar- ently enjoy it, The profes sional showmen who fols tows a fair circuit, or shows et, the National Exhibition, will of 'course need to practice more thorough fitting in' keeping with the keen competition Which he will Meet, but high fitting is not necessary or advisable forethe farmer who keeps good stock and patronizes his home ear only. There is much good training to be secured from .an effort to make the home fair a siiccess: The horses, the cattle, the hogs, ansa the sheep will 2111 take on new manner's and give to the owner greater satisfaction in pos- sessing and eating for them, and the benefits eesuiting to the whale COTO. munity will show up .in at even in- creasing ratio. It is safe to say, how- ever, that no one littlivitinal will pro- fit like the exhibitor 'himself, who sliould ever remember that it is easy to be it good winner, but that it takes a, real good sportsman to be a grace- With- us here on Francisco Faritt to ful loser. beo hardship. When such punishments fail to hm- prove. the boy's general attitude, the fault is likely to lie with the play - thoroughly after it has lam for a month or tsvo. Two or three nights of frost will destroy all tender crops unless they are given some prolection. We do not fellows with whom he is associating. believe in being caught napping, so makes endless work at homeTheir company can be discourag•ed of by throw- prepare well ahead. Ohl siteete, we ing his belongings around and throteghbarrels mid oven paper aro course, and an effort to keep him at bags, the daily infractions that tempt his home should be made. Books, games, ready at hand, so that if the air in mother to nag him wears her to a ,tind radio, for example if they keep late afternoon begins to have. a bite in frazzle there has to be a reckoning. him under home influence. To keep it the plants to be saved are covered. A first appeal should be mads by an active boy contented in his own Over the late crops of beans sheets the, father. If the boy is young his yard is difficult, yet to keep him asvay are thrown. On the lettuce bed stakes love for his mother sleeted he the from the gang or "mob" influence is are fixed as uprights to bad cress - plea. "See here, if you really care for just what is needed to forge anew the pieees to carry sheets or bags slightly her don't make her so much workl bond between him and Mb parents. above the plants, but" as lettuce will You don't want your mother to be The fehlier who drives a machine stand a little frost, the more tender your servant, do you, just because should take the boy along with him Planta are covered first. Tomatoes outdoor sports grown ort, trellis or etakes are easily you'rt, len' el: forgetful?" whenever possible; ; ' Along with. this goes the idea of should also include the son. But fail- protectedbags or even large sheets justiee; "fair play" is an appeal that ing then to curb the boy's rastlossrien 'of Paper are often suffieient, nearly every boy responds to. "Do and keep him from undesirable coin- es you think it's fair to make your panions, real work among kind but Mount Everest is nearly as high as mother do your school work or prac- ticing for you? Thee do it yourself— the sooner yeti begin the sooner it will be done. Don't lin such te baby that your mother has to stand over firm, mature people may be the ane- the 'combined heights of Mount Cook wer, It is certain that work will teach "(the 'highest mountain In New Zea - him the value of clothes, odueetietteland), Fuj(-Yaree (the highest ht and other advantages of which ho and Ben Nevis (the higbeisi previously has been to careless. lin the British Isles),