HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1924-7-30, Page 6o
Will En07
Barry, the Dog, Hero of
St . Bernard Pass
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it
fi
JDLLLIES, JAMS AND MAR-
MALADES.
To make good jelly, select fresh
perfect fruit, just ripe,' not overripe.
Fruits for jelly making may be divid-
ed into two groups; The Pict, fruits
rich in pectose, such as apples,
quinces, guavas, crab-apples, Japan-
ese quinces (the fruit of Pyrus jap-
onica), grapes, plums, cranberries,
blackberries, loganberries, white, red
and black currants, With these fruits
use three-quarters of a pound of
granulated sugar to each pint of juice.
The second group is composed of
fruits that are lacking in pectose.
Large fruits should be washed and
cut into slices without paring; reject
the cores and seeds. Use one quart of
water to three pounds of sliced fruit;
cook, stirring frequently, until the
fruit is very soft; turn into a jelly -
bag and drain, without pressure, over-
night. The bag should be made three -
cornered, of strong, unbleached mus-
lin. Hang on a bird -cage hook or a
broom -handle, placed over the tracks
of two chairs. In the morning mea-
sure the juice, put it in the kettle,
boil five minutes, add the sugar, stir
until sugar is dissolved, boil ten min-
utes, skim and test. To test, put a
tablespoonful of the boiling jelly in
a saucer and stand in a cold place for
a moment. If done the surface will
be solid, as you draw it toward you
with a spoon. If not, boil a few min-
utes longer and try again. When done,
pour into jelly glasses, and when cold
cover with a thin layer of paraffin.
Cover tops with tissue paper, pasted
down over the glasses.
Small Fruits—In using small fruits,
such as currants and berries, clean,
remove stems and leaves. Put a pint
of water in the bottom of the kettle,
add a quart of the fruit, mash with
a wooden pestle, then add mese fruit,
mash, and continue thus until you
have the desired quantity. Boil and
stir for twenty minutes and finish as
directed for the other fruits.
Fruits Lacking in Pectose—The sec-
ond group of fruits, containing a
small quantity of pectose, should be
blended with those rich in this sub-
stance. Apple juice is hest for this
purpose because it is neutral, easily
obtained throughout the season, less
costly than other fruit and very rich.
M pectose. Apple juice oan be canned
in the fall when apples are plentiful.
Prepare the apples as for jelly, boil
the juice without sugar for ten mir-
utes and can in pint, quart or half-,
gallon jars, to use in the early sum-
mer of the next year. Can the juice
as you would can fruit. Use half and
half with other fruit juices.
Pleasing combinations include apple
juice and pineapples, apple juice with
pherries, peaches, pears, elderberries'
nd tomatoes. Other good combina-j
s
ons are: Red currants with red and,
ack raspberries; white grapes and'
P
i
g Pack currants; crab-apples andwhite]
ants s
, PF
grapes; quinces and white grapes;!
inces and bananas; damsons and,
white grapes, All these can be made;
with three-quarters of a pound of
sugar to each pint of juice.
Juices left over from canning;
plums, strawberries, cherries and;
,faspberries combined with an equal',
juantity of apple juice make excellent?
ellies, if boiled a little longer than
tthhe tine given. (Sr they can be made!
into jelly by the addition of commer i
tial pretin which on ti iv' hr, i',bf ,.,..,1.,!
fter very ° 'cal
it's Eke liougest-lasthng
coutec1iona you can buy
aa�d it's a help to di-
gesiiuilt ed a cleanser
or the ltntouth
and teeth.
Wrigley's means
benefit as well as
pleasure.
for use, or can be canned for water -
ices. Save all pulp from jellies for
jams arid vinegar. Fruit vinegars give
a delightful flavor to salads.
Ginger Jelly is made by boiling
green ginger -root with the apple juice
and sugar. Strain into glasses. If
candied ginger is used, chop it finely
and do not strain:
Mint Jelly is made by adding bruis-
ed mint leaves to the boiling juice of
green grapes or Pippin apples and
sugar. Color slightly with vegetable
green. Or add to the jelly, when done,'
five drops .of oil of spearmint to each" was left open he pushed in his' in -
quart of jelly, -color with vegetable) quisitive little nose and then his whole
green. wriggling, inquisitive little body.
Bar-le-Due—Select large white or The floor was very clean, indeed it
red currants. Wash and stem them teas sos well scrubbed that his clumsy
earefull Put a layer of currants int paws slid out from under him in four
y Y different directions, and at last he sat
the preserving kettle, pour over} down squarely in the middle of the
enough boiling strained honey to room and looked around. Scarlet ger-
cover. Stand aside for twenty-four' atriums were growing in pots on the
hours. Then lift the currants care -I window sills, but they did not look
fully on a skimmer, fill glasses three-' good to eat or to play with. There
quarters full, boil the syrup for ten
minutes
straight-backed chairs and a
minutes or until thick, fill the glasses able, but what they were for, Barry
had n8t the least idea. One thin
BY EVA MARCH TAPPAN.
1
PART I, on hie four paws instead of on .h a
Mather more than a hundred years back—the first thing he saw Was a
ago there lived in Switzerland, just at small slender hand stretched down
the edge of the Cit of Berne, the most from somewhere, Barry gazed at it.
City
was ever seen. His nano was Barry. Of course, he had seen people before,
lovable little St; Bonnard pup that and the people had hands, but the
peop1ewerebigandthebands were big
Ile hada big, round head, a plump and different from this one. He drew
and somewhat unmanageable body` back at first, then went nearer, There
that was always getting into his way, Was something about it that he liked,
and paws so large that when he tried and he began to lick it, And when
to walk he stumbled over them and the hand patted the cover of the low
sprawled on the door. He had bosun-the
the boy's voice said, "Cone
ful great brown eyes and the moat up, Barry l" he did his very best to
appealing little whimper that ever obey, and site h d up y
persuaded a dog's friends to give him
whatever he ,wanted.
Barry and his mother slept in a cor-
ner of the wide piazza right under
Carl's window. Ile did not discover
Carl at once, however, for there were
so many 'interesting things on the
piazza. There were piles of wood
bundles of straw, plows. and rakes and
harrows and baskets, even wagons.
There was always room on the piazza,
and so everything was put there that
could not be crowded into the barns or
sheds,
Barry had to examine every one of
these articles, staring at them with
solemn little wrinkles between his eyes
and sniffing at them with his pudgy
little nose. After a while he began to
notice queer sounds that came from
within the House. There might be
something there to' play with, he
thought, and one day when the door
i and finish the same as jellies. !however, did interest him so much
Hou to Alicia Jams—Jams are real- that he wobbled over to it with his
ly jellies with the pulp left in. Use' uncertain little paws to find out what
i one-half pound of sugar to each pint it was, This wa"s the big white per-
. of pulp. Cook the fruit without par-; ofiin stove. re was in a sort
furnace in the hhea , but enough heat
king until soft, press through a fine, was brought into the big white stove
, colander or :sieve, reheat, add sugar; so that Barry thought it was the most
and cook and stir until it forms a; comfortable thing he had ever known,
thick jelly-like mass.. Put in jgrs, 01,f except, of course, his mother's furry
glasses the same as jelly. !breast, and he snuggled up to it cozily,
Good combinations are made by' all ready to take a nap.
mixing tomatoes with apples, pine- A voice said, "Hello, Barry!" He greeting to Carl if the two had been
apple with yellow tomatoes, damsons! turned to see where it came from— separated: for a while. The school chjl-
and grapes, grapes with pears, plums'
which means that he toppled'over in Oren had a song called "The Baron's
with pears and grapes, gooseberries a little heap. When he picked himself Welcome," and they called this cry
and plums, peaches and apples, es up—that is, when he balanced nimself `„Barry's Welcome."
quinces and apples. Blackberries,' ! Barry was a happy dog, but after a
Concord grapes and rhubarb make ex„ 1f washing dishes, a weak solution of
cellent jams alone. 1 lye will make the work easier and also
Apple Jam.—Prepare two quarts of; purify the utensils. There is no
apple juice as for jelly. Bring it to quicker way to poison an entire fam-
e, boil. Pare, quarter and core one-; ily than by' using unclean kitchen
half peck of apples, add them to the; utensils or plates, cups or water glass -
juice, cook and stir until it forms a es that have been previously used by
thick mass. Try' in this way: Put a; a person suffering from some malady.
tablespoonful in a saucer, stand in the, The use of lye will greatly reduce this
cold a moment; if it does not spread hazard.
or thin on the edges, it is done. Putt Around the bathroom, thorough
into jars or glasses when done. `clean'ieg is made easier and infinitely
How to Ma co Marmalades—Mar- more effective by using lye. In this
malades are about the same as jams,' instance, lye also acts as a disinfec-
except they are not pressed through4tant as well as a cleaner.
a sieve, I The nicest way to use lye is with a
Pumpkin Marmalade—Take equal mop or brush for heavy cleaning of
weight of sour oranges, p,ympkin and! floors or walls. The use of lye in this
granulated sugar. Cut tilt oranges in manner keeps it from coming in con -
very thin slices toward the centre tact with hands and avoids possible
reject seeds and pith. Pare and cut' drying out of the skin or irritations
the pumpkin into very thin slices; mix` caused by lye. Lye attacks grease,
the oranges aud pumpkins and add a and for this reason. it will absorb oil
quart of cold water to each pound and; from the skin. Care should be taken:
a half of the mixture. Cover and; that it does not come in contact with'
stand aside overnight. Next morning! any exposed parts of the hands or
bail this slowly for three hours, add face,
sugar and boil slowly until clear and
thick. Stir now andhe
t n to prevent
scorching. This will keep e in glasses
the same as jelly.
Carrot Marmalade—Wash, scrape,
and grate two pounds of fine full-
grown carrots. Add an equal quan-
tity of ripe yellow peaches, stoned but
not pared. To each pound of the mix-
ture allow one-half pound of granu-
lated sugar. Cook the carrots .with
the peaches, stirring carefully for
twenty minutes. Add the sugar and
the juice of one lemon. Boil until
clear and jelly like. Put away in
glasses.
For good combinations, try apples
and quinces, white grapes and plums,
grapes and pears, apples and pears,
yellow tomatoes and peaches.
Farmers' Figs—Select the small
yellow or red tomatoes, scald carefully
and remove the skins. Allow four
pounds of sugar for every six pounds
of tomatoes. Put the tomatoes in
single layers on platters, strew them!
thickly with sugar. Stand them in a
hot oven until the sugar has thorough-
ly pgnetrated the tomatoes. Lift care-
fully one at a time, to other platters,
and dry in the sun, sprinkling with
granulated sugar while drying!! When
perfectly dry, pack in tin boxes, with
layers of sugar between. Do not let
rain or dew fall on tomatoes while
drying.
tae on his unstead
little legs until he could rest his paws
Ion the edge of the couch and look
about.
I"You see, Barry,"aid Carl, "I'm
all alone just now and I need a little
;dog like you to take care of me. I'm
sick, but I'm going to be well pretty
soon, and then we'll do things, won't
we, though?"
Barry waved his tail, "What a
splendid boy that Is;' he thought.
"He's as good as a puppy. I like him,
I want to get up there beside him,"
He did his very best to stretch himself
up, the thin white hand gave what
help it could, and In a minute or two
the little dog was snuggling up to his
new friend, quite tired out with his
efforts.
As the boy grew stronger, they
played all sorts of games together.
Tbey ran races, they played fetch and
carry, they scampered up the drive-
way that led from the ground to the
top floor of the barn. They went to
the little lake and, much to his sur-
prise, Barry found out that he could
swim better than Carl, Best of all,
+they learned each other's language.
When the puppy set out to chase a
Mother's . rescriptwon
TOHNNY is taking a prescription, His careful mother
d —the family health doctor—ordered it. Her daily
ounce of prevention—Lifebuoy Soap—works wonders
in combating disease.
Every day your children touch dirty objects and cover
themselves with germ -laden dirt. Give them Lifebuoy
.—the health soap,
Lifebuoy protects
The rich creamy lather of Lifebuoy carries a wonderful health
clement deep down. into every pore, The skin is completely
purified, and cleansed—delightfully stimulated.
u
HEALTH OAP
More than Soap - a Health Habit
The odour vanishes after use,
but the protection remains. '
LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED, TORQNTO
Lb -4-02
of them were walking about, others
were standing on their hind legs and
catching in their forepaws the pieces
of gingerbread that people were toss -
in to them.
small kitten and Carl said, "No, Poor little Barry! He we wasyyas a plucky
!Barry," he understood this was one of Het had gwande but hed forlornlyathrouugh
,the things forbidden. If Carl said, strange, gloomy streets, he had heard
i Find my ball and we will have a terrible noises coming down from the
play," Barry knew that a good time skies, and now be had come upon these
was coming, and set off in high glee awful monsters twenty times as big
to find the ball.. as he, who might fly right up over
Carl understood the puppy just as the rails, just as the birds did and
the boy's knee and turned his well. If Barry laid his great1avi on devour him. There is nothing .else in
the world so lonely as a lost dog. It it
any wonder that he threw back his
head and howled and howled? "I want
my mother! I want CarlI' This was
lwhat he said, but no one understood.
A ,lady patted him and tried her best
I to comfort him, but this was not what
he wanted; he wanted to go home,
most like a little lonesome sob, but it� At last a tall policeman came and
ended in a cry of joy, This washis i took hold of his collar. He turned it
around so ha .could see the lettering.
Then he reverently made the sign of
the cross, and said to the jady:
"This dog belongs to the good fath-
ers far up on St. -Bernard Pass, Does
any one know who has the dogs this
year?" he asked a group of children..
"Carl's father has some of them,"
they replied. "May we take him
back?"
Barry had concluded that he was
being cared for, and he had lain down
fiat on the pavement, stretched out to
his full length, utterly tired out.
"No," said the policeman. "A. pup
gets tired as soon as a baby.He is too
used up to walk. Pretty soon I will
take him home in the police wagon."
l So it was that Barry came home. A
;very happy boy threw his arms around
the dog's neck• and as T•11 h
look oiit of the window, Carl knew this
meant, "Do, please, come out with
me." If Barry gave a short, quick
bark, it meant, "I'm in a hurry." If
it was a long, deep one, it meant,
"There's something wrong." Barry
made one peculiar sound whichwas
neither bark' nor whine. It began al -
while the day came when Carl and an
armful of books went away from
the house early in the morning,
and he was forbidden to follow.
He sat down on the piazza in
amazement. What could it mean?
It must be a mistake, for, of
course, he had a right to go wherever
Carl went, and pretty soon he jumped
up and ran after him as fast as ever
I He was only a puppy, however, and
very soon he lost the scent and wan-
dered about, a forlorn little, bewilder-
ed dog, roaming alone through the
streets of Berne. He had never been
there before. When he and Carl went
out together, they went through the
bright, sunny fields, but the streets of
the city were quite different. In most
of them the se,, and story of the build-
ings extended to the very edge'of the
sidewalk and rested upon heavy
square pillars. This made the walks
dark and gloomy, and the poor little
puppy began to feel afraid.
Just them he came to an open
square and heard what seemed some-
what like a cock crowing far up above
his head. He did not know that this
was only the famous clock of Berne,
The art of making really good, l and when in a moment more it began
strong, pure lye is gained after m
a
ny, to strike, the little lost dog
was fright -
many h
t -
many years'experience encs and the older ened almost out of his wits. IIs ran
lye manufacturers usually turn out for his life, paying no attention to
the best product. where he was going and soon he was
more alarmed than ever, for right be-
fore him were some pits or sunken
Mnard's Liniment Heals Cuts. yards where bears were kept. Some
LYE, THE HOUSEWIFE'S PURI-
FIER.
Many doctor's bilis would he avoid-
ed if women realized the small am-
ount of trouble that is required to
keep their homes notonly clean but
sanitary and germ -proof.
One of the most powerful, economic-
al and easy -to -obtain disinfectants in
the world is lye. The gel -tern -tie use lions. l'n:i 101, of it a hendred you
of this commodity will prevent the lie ly bee farm at 011tville, and in tl
spread of disease gertnsl at work with his be y 111110 Mende,
For cleaning pots and pans and
snuggled himself under Carl's jacket,
!nestling closer and 'closer, drawing in
, his breath like a sob, and then making
little plaintive sounds of pleasure.
The next morning, when Carl was
ready for school, Barry sat on the
.piazza and looked up into his face
pleadingly.
"No, Barry," said Carl. "Dogs
aren't allowed to come to school," and
he went off, trying hard to forget the
mournful little figure on the piazza.
Half an hour later a delighted boy
tan up the steps of his home.
"Mother, mother!" he cried, "the
teacher says that if Barry will be good
he may come every day and lie in the
hall till it is time to come home. e. Iia
says that on the Pass of St. Bernard
a dog like this one saved the life of
his brother, and that some day when
Barry is grown up he may rescue some
one of us from the cold and storm.
Come, Barry!" and they ran oft: hap-
pily together.
Barry grey rapidly into a dog of
medium size, square -built and com-
pact. His coat was white and tan, his
hair short, but close to the skin it
was so thick as to be almost like felt,
His ears drooped and his eyes were
dark and deep-set. His whole bearing
was gentle and affectionate, even play-
ful, but yet with a certain -quiet dig-
nity as if he were awaiting for some-
thing of importance to happen.
When the whiter snows began to
fall, Barry grew restless. He smelled
the air uneasily. His grant brown'
eyes began to have a troubled and
anxious look, like one weighed clown
with the. thoughe of work not done and
the fear of not being able to do it.
"He's never been on a mountain,"
said the schoolmaster, "but he's pin-
ing for the high pass and the storni-
winil and the struggle. = You must let
him go, boy," he said to Carl. "No
good' will conte from keeping either
man or beast from the duty that's
calling him."
(To be continued.)
IT SAVES MENDING.
It always worries ma to see the
corners of tablecloths,, sheets or
blankets flapping en the line in a
stron' wind, for I know it means that
these same corners will be frayed and
worn. On a really weidy day, I' al-
ways double these large pieces length.
wise anti pin the four corners to the
On the Old See -Saw. .
The old seesaw swung to and fro'
With its merry load, in the long ago;
Otte mind so filled with fancies sweet
As skyward bent or the earth to meet;
•
Now as bird that sailed the air, '
With its happy song so free from care;
And than, as a rider so brave and bold
Whose fiery steed he scarce could hold.
What of the ono that shared the sport,
Riding the air as a ship from port?
-How could I toll 1f his dreams rang
true,
For he sat in silence the whole game
through,
With his shaggy coat of white and tan
And eyes that looked as man to man;
Yet Pale more true you'll never see
On the old'see•saw, than My dog and
me. ,
—Georgina Stimpson:
• SAVE IT WITH SALT.
Save yourself an attack of indiges-
tion by eating salt with nuts of any
'kind,
Save the color of wash materials
liable to fade by putting them into a
warm solution of salt water, allowing
a cupful of salt to a quart of water.
Save the bright new look of your
galvanized buckets and tubs that is so
attractive by scouring those utm:sili
with salt.
Save your temper when the cream
refuses to whip. Just add a tiny bit
of salt and the cream will often be
induced to change its mind.
Save yourself a plumber's bill'by
opening the
p g sink k draht with salt and
hot vinegar. As soon as the link
shows symptoms administer a good -
size dose.
Save your breakfast .silver from
that tarnished look due to the ifitimate
acquantance with eggs by giving
knives, forks and spoons a vigorous
dry -salt rub with a soft cloth.
- Save your matting' from turning
yellow by washing it with a cloth
which has been dipped in
warm water.
0
Let some one else play the fool; it
is too easy a part to be worth your
effort.
Aspinwall senrrtsns, P11101te,
nlaarns, rmmedtat.
sldpieret en meehtnee
or maim 0 All geode • shipped from anrebouse at
Ouebt. ent. A11 diggers reelhent wilb Ebert
tam trunk, eprafrra ie0 801141 10,,) 11 reg.
.!,s. -Triplex n,m,p. ealat,gua Orad vibes on
Intuert, A. E. COh2AR, 20 Park Ave.. Oudpb,
Ont. Ontario and Starlti,ne nt,tramtoO
The mein line is usually open for
the fellow who travels with a full
lids in each 11154 ...is to be found on the head of steam,
to pliotogroplr ubare fir. Holly is shown:
For Bono Feet--Mlnard'i 6lnlment.
Here IsThePumpYOU Need
SMART'S
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PUMP
Pumps more easily, moresilentlypnd
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Repairs easily made with household tools:
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Easily primed.
.Ase muter !TAT YOUR HARDWARE sum
JAMBS SMART PLANT
neoct(tue.ot'c
ISSUE No,
David and Jonathan in
Feathers.
One cold fall day, "Uncle Jack"
Miner, wile .delights in feeding the
great flocks of Canada geese that
come each spring and nuturnn to his
home grounds, saw a wounded gander
lloatiug to the pond outside his bonne.
A charge of shot had smashed Its
wing, and it would never iiy agolo. To
save the mailer's life "Uacle Jack"
amputated its wing. The bird steod
the operation well and soon was able
to enioy its food and swim round with
the others.
But winter was coming. The geese:
must resume their long Journey to the
south. It eeetnod litnt the injured bird
would soon be left alone. And then a
strange thing happened. One gander
stayed round, unwilling to leave his
crippled companion, The two were
evidently friends, and the brave bird
would not desert his chum, though In-
stiuet told hint 11 was time to go, aud"
though thousands of his fellows, were
filling the air with their clamor as
they left the peals,
To stay meant that the gander
would sacrifice the freedom 50 dear to
all wild creatures. Probably never
again would he join the long wedges
of his comrades on their journeys.
Never would he find among them a
chosen mate, No, he would live like a
tame goose, and In the cold weather
he would be shut up In a barn with the
Poultry,
The two wild geese were not a pair,
remember. The Canada goose mates
for life, and for the male to stay with
his injured partner *could not have
been strange, But those two were
ganders, "just friends:"
The remarkable friendship was the
talk of the country side. The neigh-
bors called the wounded bird David,
and his devoted friend Jonathan. No
wonder David' loved Jonathan! No
wonder they were always close to-
gether as the nights grew longer and
the days colder tin ail the ponds were
frozen.
Something very' practical resulted.
Because of the interest aroused by
one -winged David and loyal Jonathan
the residents of the district petitioned
the government to have the land for
two square miles round reserved as a•
bird sanctuary in which no hunter
should be allowed to. shoot. The gov-
ernment agreed, and now, thanks to
Jon athan, each year many thousands
ot his species enjoy protection there.
Poor Jonathan! Ile bad yet to pay
the full price of his friendship. At
dusk ono evening a great owl came
swooping down to prey upon the de-
fenceless David. It was Jonathan that
rushed to the rescue, Jonathan that
with flapping wings and angry hiss put
himself In the forefront of the battle.
An act of pure self-sacrifice! Escape
was easy for him, for no owl would
pursue him far through the air, But
he chose to stay and fight for David's
life. The owl was bold and tierce. Un-
able to reach its easy victim, it got a
grip on Jonathan's head with its cruel
talons and drove them into the gen•
der's brain.
Mr. Miner, who was too late to avert
the tragedy, set a trap among the
feathers at Jonathan's 11000, torn body,
and wben the owl returned to its
feast it was caught and ]tilled.
Next day, the telephone bell rang
frequently as neighbors called tap to
inquire about the death of Jonathan
and to express their sympathy. Just
a wild goose! One of the millions that
fiy to and fro between the far north
anti the sunny south! But what a
friendship!
Real Education.
In the first days of summer a great.
many young people are trying to sell
to tho°world the training they recelved'
at same] and college.
They have h a been forewarned that
e V
they -cannot expect a door ajar the
moment they knock. And they havo
been forewarned as well with all that
books and pedagogues can impzlrt,
But 0015 they must learn for them
solves that fire burns and water
drowns and they must depend on their
own wit aud will. Thele true educa-
tion is beginning.
Wearetold of certain great men
that they lacked formal schooling. Yet
it is clear Irani what they did that
they were forever learning. Pain aud
adversity may have taught them none
than ease and pleasure, though in-
struction need not always be a bitter
mcdiclno,
Life itself is the great school for
life. That harsh taskmaster, expert,
encu, Whose rod is ever lifted ready
to fail, has pupils of all ages and every
social condition. Those who crumple
and give. up beneath the punishment
are the weaklings and quitters; those
who accept the discipline as a salutary
chastening aud apply the lcsoon ate
those whose ultimate success is as-
sured.
If you can 'meet with tritium and die.
trots'
And trrat these two Jamie:.tors just
the same --
them you have had an education that
serves you well
For the mere piling of fact on fact
is. but the mechanic element of traln•'
ing,• The acctmtnleted data matter
little until by itn inductive process
something Is made of teens, As long •
as the facts remain mere raw material'
and are stet used to mold a character
and shape 0 destiny, the. teacher's
work Is incomplete and rhm object- of
the pupae; education remains unreal-'
!zed,
There were eight Crusades con-
ducted into the Holy Land.