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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1920-3-25, Page 7oft Acquainted With Your Car, Article Possibly there may bo something more useless about an auto than a lel°.-starter whloh will not Start -- either the car or itself—but I do not happen to recall what 11 18. 11 does balk at times, and it followe, there- fore, that it le necessary to learn how to start a self-starter when pushing the pedal has no effect, But because the pedal does not do the trick it were well to remember, first of all, that does not mean that the whole works is out of kilter. It Is on record that one • fellow, who found the pedal did not start things and concluded the whole thing was bad, was amazed when a me- ohertle next day pulled up the pedal, which had become stuck so that it olid not close the switch, and then pushed it down with regulation effect. Not guessing or intuition or luueh should govern your hunt for starter troubles. Taking it for granted that you have followed previous advice and have pa- tiently read the instruction book on the starter and have sought out the wiring on the Cars 60 that you know the layout and just how the motor starts end how attached to the engine crank shaft, we may safely proceed. The connection may be through a gear .on the flywheel or by silent chain with overrunning clutch on tite forward end of the crank shaft, usually arranged to release the motor as soon as the ere gin starts. If the system is a single unit the chain drive is probable. Where the generator for replenish-, ing the battery is a separate trait it may be driven by chain, gear or other- wise, sometimes 'with a coupling where the ignition device is built into the generator. Inspection of your car has revealed to you Its peculiarities. Be sure and get it through your noddle just how the current travels back and forth from battery to starter and from generator to battery, through the re- gulator, cutout, switch and charge and discharge indicator. The regulator is to prevent a too high charging rate by introducing a resistance which open- ates when the rate is too high. The regulator is sealed so that you cannot get at it. If anything is wrong with it an expert must be called. The cutout is to make connection with the battery when the geuerator produces a higher voltage than that of the battery, and to break the con- nection when the generator voltage falls beldw that of the battery. The chief troubles in starting sys- tems come from loose, short-circuited or broken wires, brushes stuck or worn so that they do not matte good contact with the commutators of mo- tor and generator; dirty or worn .._ uommutatore, run down battery be- cause of greater use of current titan charging capacity of generator; and mechanical • disorder in starting switch, cutout or regulator, or in the connection between generator and engine. If the starting motor will not turn when the pedal is pressed, first see if there is current in the battery; if the terminals are tightly fastened; if the switch works properly; if the Wires are tight on motor terminals and if the'brushee make good contact. With the pedal pressed test for cur• rent at motor terminate with a volt- meter, It a good voltage Shows the trouble is somewhere In the motor, If the brushes are clean and make a good contact and no wires loose or broken, the trouble must be in the winding and requires the services of an expert, If the motor rotates but does not start the engine, examine the gear or chain drive to see if it is working pro• perly. Determine if overrunning clutch is slipping. If the motor cranks the engine but it does not start the trouble Is la the engine, not the start- ing system. If, when the engine is running, the Indicator does got show charge, ex- amine first the cutout to see if it is closed and then the wiring beween generator and battery. While you cannot look inside the regulator you can test for current at the generator terminals with voltmeter, and where the wires are attached to regulator and where they leave that device, at the switch and at the ammeter or charge Indicator, to determine if cur- rent is flowing, and thus locate the points between which the break in cir- cuit occurs. 1f all lights were burning they night consume more current than the generator is producing. If the in- dicator shows discharge when the lights are on and the engine is stop- ped, and does not .show charge when the engine 1s running at ordinary road speed, either generator or re- gulator needs attention by an expert, I f you did not find the cutout closed on inspection, close it by hand for a moment while the engine is running and see if it retrains closed. It may have been stuck or the generator may have needed a slight current from the battery to renew what is called residual magnetism, especially If the car has been laid up a long time. Re- member this after the long idle Spell because of this winter's road condi- tions. The chief thing to remember in look- ing ooking for troubles is that by eliminating one part of the system after another soon the search will narrow down to a small bit of wiring or a single de. vice, where it is comparatively easy to locate the trouble. Always work with the wiring diagram of the car ]randy for reference, at least until you Have learned the system quite thoroughly, and always carry the diagram in the car for reference by the repair man, if you call one in for major troubles. Make an occasional inspection of the wiring, looking for loose wires and worn places where they vibrato against the frame or other parts. The wires about the Ford tinier are es- pecially subject to such wear. Keep the wires free from o11 or grease, keep the terminals clean, the switch points clean, and if the battery runs down, partiouiarly in winter, have it charged at the service station. With these precautions your road troubles with the electric system should be slight, Wireless Wonders. are only just beginning to dis- cover the possibilities of wireless tele- graphy.' The member of the Marconi Com- pany who made this statement pro- ceeded to draw a wonderful picture of its future development, which a new device, lately tested with amazing results, now makes possible. The invention is primarily for the use of ships. At present most vessels fitted with wireless have to employ two or throe operators, so that one can 110 constantly on duty "listening in." Otherwise signals from other vessels would not be picked up. By means of the new apparatus, however, alarm bells will ring on board every ship within the wireless radius, when a message is sent out by 811011her vessel, When a ship is in distress, the opera- tor wall merely press the automatic transmitting key and sot the alarm bells ringing on all other vessels with- in a range of 300 to 1,200 miles. With the extension oe the idea, there would be no dlfIlcnity in firing a gun from a spot 300 miles away, or explod- ing a mine in. New York or Berlin, All that would be necessary would be to leave In the cities a receiver suitably hidden and connected with a mine. The instrument wits actually used In nn experimental form during the war to fire a fog -gun some fifteen miles off the English coast. Instead of sending a party out to the guit during fog it was fired by wireless from the shore. At a recent demonstration, a small mine of gunpowder was exploded at Chelmsford, England, at a given sig- nal from Cambridge, thirty miles away. I11 future wars mines will be laid at spots over which enemy troops are likely to pass. An aeroplane will wait till the advancing enemy has reached the spot, and then explode the nine by pressing a button and send- ing out the wireless current, • Lady Geddes, Noted Beauty, Irish Born. Lady Geddes, wife of the new Bri- tish Ambassador to the United States, and who won a prize recently in a Lon- don beauty competition, is a daughter of W. A, Ross, a Belfast manufacturer. Site was educated in Nova Scotia. Sir Auckland and Lady Geddes have four sons, the eldest 12 years old, and a daughter. They were married in 1000, Lady Geddes is more interested in domestic affairs than she Is in society, but she is a charming hoatess, witit a wide knowledge of American affairs. Tanning Hints for Hunters When it is desired to preserve the skins of wild animals which !rave been shot or trapped, those may be tanned either with tate hair on or off, as de sired. Hair can be removed from hides by soaking them in tepid water made alkaline by lye or lithe. Tho fol- lowing recipe for a tanning liquor is furnished by an expert; To each gal- lon of water add one gaart of salt and ogre -half ounce of sulphuric acid. This mixture should not be kept in a natal container. Thin shins are tan- ned by oris liquor In one day; heavy aklrls must remain 1111 it tenger. They may remain ht it indefinitely wltheut harm. Wileli removed from this liquor the' skins are washed several times in soapy Water, wrung as drY'us possible (and rubbed en the float side with a caste 01 hard soap. They are then tolled in the middle, lung lengthwise over a line, !hair side out, and lett to dry, When both surfaces are barely dry and the Interior is still moist they are laid over a smooth, rounded board and scraped on the flesh side with the edge of a worn flat file or a similar blunt edged tool, In this way an inner layer is removed and the skins be- come nearly white in color. Theyaro thou stretched, rubbed and twisted en - el quite dry. If parts of a skin are still hard and stiff, the soaping, dry- ing and stretching process is reheated until the entire shin is sere fresh butter or other animal int worked into shits while they are warns raid teen worked Ont again 111 dry herd wood sawdust or extracted by a linty bath in gasolene increases their softness. Keep Straight On!. "Turn to the right and keep straight on, This maxim study well, Wheue'elr in doubt, wbate'er about, your way 'twill plainly tell. So bravely strive to practise it when you are "in a wood," Then you can past mistakes retrieve, and fluidly make good, Turn to tine right and keep straight on ---don't undecided gals, For many a man bas side-stepped at "the parting of the ways." But, bravely meeting obstacles, go steadfastly along, Remembering, when the going's bad, - the conquest's to the strong. And, as you journey on your way, if you some fellow meet Who's tripped up by rho wayside, help to set him on his feet, Turn to the right and keep straight on, assisting him in need; Who does this to his fellows is a man of worth indeed! Why is the Sky Blue? • Not one person in a hundred could give a satisfactory answer to the ques- tion. And yet the explanation, as given by Professor W. H. Bragg, at the Royal Institution, London, is quite simple. The blue sky, he explained, is due to the interception by particles in the atmosphere of the blue rays which form a part of the white light of the sun, The parts of white light con- veyed by longer rod and yellow light waves manage to jump the many sub- stances in the atmosphere and are seen at sunrise and sunset. The professor illustrated itis mean- ing by showing a disc of light on the screen which, passing through a bowl of water, became gradually redder as the water got cloudier, till at last, ars ter an imitation of the sun in a Nov- ember fog, it faded away, Professor Bragg has also revealed some of the mysteries of sound, If you put a stick in a revolving bowl of water, it seta up little whirlpools be- hind it. In the same way, the wind swelling past trees forms whirlwinds on a small scale, and these cause those sounds so admirably described by the imitative word "soughing," Similar sounds are set up by telegraph wires. Why is it that fishes make no dis- turbance when swimming through the water, although there is a rushing noise when a stone is flung in? This is explained by the fact that, in the latter case, it is the filling of the cavity that hs'made, rather than the mere impact, which causes the noise, whereas the body of the fish is so shaped that when it moves through the water it leaves no such cavity behind it and therefore there is no disturb- ance, Trees That Talk. The poet talks of "woodland whis- pers," but Mr. John Grimahaw Wilkin- son, who, although blind, is one of England's foremostnaturalists, will tell you that trues and plants can actually be distinguished by the noises they make. 112r. Wilkinson became blind twenty- two years ago, and he immediately began studying scientific subjects, par- ticularly botany, pursuing it until he became a leading authority, "Some years ago," he said, duringa recent interview, "I discovered that trees make different noises, and I could tell them by the sound from the fall- ing rain. The oak is the noisest of trees in a storm, because it reflects the echoes by its leaves and also by its stem. Raindrops have a more drum -like effect upon it than upon any other tree. It is 111 a wood composed of oak trees that one can hear birds at their best, "Among pine trees, owing to the softness of the wood, birds are not heard to the same advantage, the wood absorbing the sound. The pop- lar tree, being sensitive to electricity, is almost silent in a thunderstorm, and yet, after the storm is over it is more noisy, because the twigs are more elastic. I think," continued NIe. Wilkinson, "that the sound of falling water Is vent fascinating to the ear. I have part ticularly marked the contrast between sound in a place where rocks are bare and in other places where they are covered with moss. This gives a kind of muffled sound to the musical splash of the water, as also to the songs of birds." w Not only by listening to the talk of trues during showers but also by merely tomb -leg thele, Mr. Wilkinson can immediately distinguish them, so wonderfully developed is his sense of tomes, At the present time he 10 able to name 800 British flowering plants,, foreign trees, and foreign weeds, Gimpe ly by the sense of touch. Life's Little Problems, "George, dear!" began the worried woman, "Yes, wotisit!" grunted George, without looking up "100111 his news- paper, "Would you mind helping me with a little bit of arithmetic?" she pleaded. "Not at all:" 'Well, 11 we pay the new cook the wages slto wants will we have enough money left to buy atlythiug for lhel' to cook?" What has become of the lessons mi in economy that the war Was aliens- A ea to leave Wight?Two bells at Seaton Parish Church, Devon, nee st311 sound, tltoegll made 000 in 1480. 8,0 Seranading Lloyd George. If Mr. Lloyd George, or any otltor Primo Minister for that matter, wish- ed to write a thoroughly entertaining book, he could hardly choose a better subject than "My Unofficial Visitors." His doorkeeper could verify the ma- terial, and also suPPly the Prime Minis- ter with information concerning many visitors who never peas the threshold; for not ail who call at the 010141 real - dance get more than a glimpse of the interior, One unofficial visitor called at No. 10 a few days ago, He knocked on the door, and whon It was opeued he said that he had come to sing to the PrimeMinister. "Does the Prime Minister expect you?" asked the doorkeeper, "Oh, no! But I am going to sing to him," replied the man. It was suggested that ho plight sing in the vestibule, but this did not satis- fy the visitor. When he found that he was really to be forbidden Mr. Lloyd George's room, 110 agreed to make a start on the pavement, and was about to do so when a policeman strolled along and asked what he was up to. - "I ane going to sing to the Prime Minister," explained the man. "011, are you, young fellow!" re- torted. the policeman. "Well, you take it from me there won't be no second verse!" Then the visitor gave It up, and went away. I do not believe Mr. Lloyd George was ever told that he had called, Plants as Lamps. There are plants which eat and drink, some which bleed when bruised, and others that are sensitive to the slightest touch. A certain Mexican plant changes its color thrice daily. It is white in the morning, red at noon, and blue in the evening. At certain hours it gives out a strong perfume, while at others it is quite odorless. A remarkable plant is a South American orchid which takes a drink whenever it feels thirty by letting down a tube into the water. The tube is coiled up on the top of the plant when not required for use. In Arabia there is a plant whose seeds produce effects similar to those caused by laughing gas. The natives dry the seeds and reduce them to a powder, a small dose of 11111011 has curious effects. It causes the most sober person to dance and laugh ex- citedly, and to behave in a ridiculous manner for about an hour. Sleep fol lows, and upon awakening, the indi- vidual has no recollection of his an- tics. Electric shocks can be obtained In Central India by merely torching the leaves of the electric tree, while in Brazil some plants show remarkable luminosity. One is so luminous that it is plainly visible at a distance of a mile. In its immediate vicinity it emits sufficient light to enable a per- son to read the smallest print. Why Navy Blue? practically every country clothes its sailors in blue. It was about one hundred and seven- ty. years ago that the first bluejackets were evolved. It thea became. the uniform of the British Royal Navy. This was adopted in 1748 at the re- quest of a number of naval captains. The seamen, at a meeting in Mill's Cogen House, in Scotland Yard, Lon- don, had decided that the Navy ought to have its own uniform instead of wearing either military dress or what- ever individual captain decided. They laId the suggestion before the Ad- miralty d miralty Board, and after a little de- lay for consideration were invited to confer upon the style and color to be adopted. While engaged in discussing the sub- ject, the Duke of Bedford, First Lord of the Admiralty, entered and an- nounced that the Ring had decided up- on the uniform to be used hi the Royal Navy. His majesty had seen the Duchess of Bedford riding in the Park, clad -ina becoming blue dress, primly trimmed with white and goad braid, and, admiring the costume, fixed on it for the Navy. It was a happy choice, and the Navy had god reason to be thankful to the clever lady who influenced the King to make his decision, Expelled Every German. Liberia is said to have bosh the only state at war with Germany which ex- pelled every German from within its gates and sequestrated all their pro- perty. Before the war there were about 300 German citizens 111 Mon- rovia, the capital, and Liberia was rapidly becoming a German protector- ate, says Alan Bonnier Lethbridge. The Germans, he adds, controlled a giant wireless plant and evidently had made arrangements to use Liberia as a link in the chain of coinntal posses- sions, Their places now are being rapidly talten by Spaniards and Mr. Leth- bridge predicts that If Spanish inns- gration into Liberia onetime ,Spain envo the largest foreign colony in the country, Canada probably Ilse in use a greater proportiotl of alurnistiunr trials - salon lines than any other country, recent survey by the Comnissiion of Conservation shows that on all lines in the Dominion, operating at 10,000 volts and over, there are 13, - wire -utiles of ithutlitiium and 00 wire -milts of copper, Mushroom Seeds. We often wonder et the amazingly sudden uprising of mushrooms and toadstools. To -day the green of the lawn is unbroken. Ina night a gentle rain falls, and we wakt to en a crowd- ed group of yellowish -white "Inky - caps" spreading tbelr parasols In the very shadow of our doorstep. A writer describes the marvelous repro- duetive powers of these fragile and short-lived plants. Each species of fungus produces up- on or within some part of its fruiting body countiese numbers of minute re- productive bodies called spores. So shall and light are they that they float In the air as an invisible dust. Many 01 them fail to the ground and are washed into the soil by rains. Others are wafted away on every breeze, car riod possibly for days, to be brought down at length by rain many leagues from their starting point. In this way they are carried to the ends of the earth, dusted into every crack and cranny, lodged on every exposed sur- face of wood or soil and caught on every dew -moistened leaf or twig. The amazlag number of spores pro- duced by a single fungus can be real ized only by knowing their relative s1ze. Thus in the case of most puff- balls at least three thousand of the globular spores, when laid side by aids, would be required to form a line one inch long. A compact mass of such spores, the size of a parlor -match head, would contain the incomprehens- ible number of thirty millions of these microscopic bodies, enough to cover au acre of ground with four spores for every square inch of surface, "He Does Not Sleep." He does not sleep, He who is lying there So pale, so still -- He is not where you gaze: Hush! Do not weep, Alt! Calm that wild despair! no what you will The body empty stays. Speak not the drear 01(1 tale of Gabriele horn, Till which he walls Fast prisoned in the ground. He is not here, For he has been reborn— From the white gates He heard that trumpet Sound. He does not sleep, For he is far away; Through lovely space He wanders happily, Hush! Do not weep- You would not bid him stay. In this sad. place, Now God has set him free, Faked Fur. A new and improved method of snak- ing imitation furs has been patented in France. It is equally suitable for the mane- facture of false plush or velvet. The process starts with hair, or a collection of animal or vegetable fibres. These are frozen in a block of ice. The ice is then sawn into slabs, and each slab is made to undergo a surface melting so as to partially free the hair fibres on one side. After a suitable glue or cement has been applied to this surface, a sheet of flexible material is laid on to act as the foundation of the new material, When the hairs or fibres have adhered .to this basis—usually, robber—the whole is freed from the ice by melt- ing, and the imitation is complete. cosmos for a Long Season. Cosmos sown in pots or boxes in the house or greenhouse the middle of March and transplanted twice before setting them out in the garden, after danger of frost has passed, will make stocky plants that will flower early and for a longer period titan plants from seed sown in the open ground, Canada's wheat crop last year aver- aged only ten bushels to the acre. CROSBY'S KIDS JAR! iAiNr GONNA PLAY Nectar and Beeswax. According to M. Gaston Bonnier, of the French Academy of Science, flow- ers make nectar for their own use, and not, as Darwin believed, to attract the bees, in order that they may carry the pollen on their legs and bodies from one blossom to another. 112. Bonnier also has demonstrated that bees do not get the wax of which their honey- combs are built from the flowers, as is generally supposed, They secrete It themselves. The wax is a fatty substance, formed in special glands, situated under several rings of the abdomen. It exudes in the form of whitish flakes, which the bees gather with their legs and nae as building materiah The nectar formed at the (lase of the corolla of many flowers is used by the fertilized fruit or seed as nutri- ment in growing, much as the yolk of an egg is used by the embryo chick. This le proved by the disappearance of the nectar as the fruit bud enlarges. But the nectar has another use; name- ly, to cheek the evaporation of water from the surface of the plant, for sweetened water evaporates much more slowly than unsweetened. The bees suck up the nectar, which does not pass into the stomach but in- to an expansion of the esophagus. There it undergoes a partial chemical transformation under the influence of a substance called invertase, which acts as a ferment, When the bee dice gorges the honey into the wax cell It also discharges a little invertase and, before closing the cell, a tiny drop of venom from its sting to prevent fer- mentation, "Thus," says Bonnier, "the bees in- vented antiseptics before Pasteur or Lister." It is this drop of 'misers that preserves the honey for years. Chinese Wax Fames. Iu China wax is produced by the labor of myriads of little insects. Their eggs or cocoons, deposited on tine branches of trees, yield a rich harvest of pure white wax. The only tree on which the insects will do this grows in the western part of China, five thousand feet above the level of the sea, 13y a strange law the insects will not flourish or produce wax in their birthplace. 1f they are allowed to remain there, they will drop off in a deep mass. The painstaking Chinaman trans- ports them to the locality where they flourish to the best advantage- Thou- sands of porters are engaged at cer- tain times of the year carrying mil- lions of insects from the place where they were born to some suitable spot. Nutmeg is the kernel of a fruit resembling a pear, which grows in the islands of Malaysia. It is enclosed in a dark brown glossy shell, The Other Side of the Glass A store on a main street puts its beet foot foremost in the shop window. The space is valuable, and so is filled with the most valuable things— those that will tempt the passer-by to halt and look and, perhaps, enter to purchase. The custom of "window-shopping" Is as generally recognized as the art of window-dressing, and it Is a diversion practicable even for the poorest. There is no ban on looking, for the aim of the display is to attract the gazers, who are potential buyers, The window-dresser exercises his in- genuity to draw a crowd, and he 1s happy when (perhaps by a moving figure) he can attract a throng so large that a policeman must stand shepherding to hoop a clear passage for pedestrians. As one watches those who come and look in the window and admire what they see, pointing out the things to one another and comparing what they want with what they have, one is stirred to reflections upon the differ- ence between the inner and the orator sides, with the 11(1011 glass between. For a few urinates the poorest is made rich through what tate eyes can take —and nobody is roubed. 1t le like hearing music for whites one (1008 not have to pay. W't' always own as far as we (15.11 810 or hear, Noue Can rob us of the atty. The sun and the blue belong to everybody. The glass Is there, but it to (ran - Parent, We e 111101 'halidle, but it does nut !tide, what fa beyond, • What is "private ownership," any- way? One is led to wonder at those who have a passion for mere acquisi- tion; who wish to surround them- selves with a great Babylon that they have builded out of material things. To -day people are fretting them- selves in a fury of spending and get- ting, not discovering that the chief joy of having is in order to give, What pleasure can there be in snaking one's living -room the mere museum of things that others cannot afford? Beauty and dignity do not enter life by the narrow way of selfish hoard- ing. A window never was meant for a walk Glass replaces the bricks in or dor that the merchandise may be seen and not hidden. It it be important that ou the other side of the glass are wares worthy to be made visible, what shall be said of that greatest of all windows, the human eye? Through that transparent medium there should radiate the qualities that endear one human being to another; yet there are TIIE QUILL PEN IN LITERATURE USED BY MANY GREAT GENUISES. Typewriter is Only One of Many Conveniences Enjoyed by Modern Writers. For the most part writer's nowadays use typewriting machines. Many edi- tors give fair notice to contributors that only typewritten manuscripts wilt be considered. When all is said, it was a great day for editors and compositors when the typewriting machine was invented, When everybody wrote with pen or pencil, manuscripts were, as a rule, "something terrible," Occasionally there might be found a writer, like Edgar Allan Poe or Thaokeray, who took infinite pains with his peuluan- hundreds whose scowls suggested that looked as though they had been pre- pared by the professor of chirography in a business collage but whore there was one who wrote legibly there were hundrds whose scrawls suggested that a hen, under the influence of strong waters, had walked over the paper Only the old-time newspaper men and compositors know what a terror "copy" was in the days before the in- vention of the typewriting machine, Steel Pen and Lead Pencil, Writing with a steel pen or a lead pencil was a laborious job, as every old reporter knowe. The best steel pen was a nuisance to men in a hurry. When it was new it would blot, and when it was old it wouldn't matte a mark. Also, when one got a pen that just suited, some one would, in In absence, sit at his desk and write a ringing protest against something or other, and when the article was finish- ed the favorite pen was of no use to the owner. The pencil was a greater nuisance than the pee. The point was always breaking oft just in the middle of a sentence, and then one had to draw his knife and sharpen it, with the re- sult that by the time the job was done the writer had lost the train of his thought. In the old days of pen and pencil there was much grief In news- paper offices. But after all, the real grief existed in the old days of quill pens. Such implements seldom are seen now in this country. In England, it 1s said, there are many old fogies who still write with them, which is carrying conservation to the limit. Some day, for the sake of your education, you should manufacture a quill pen and try to write with it, By the time you have fashioned a dozen words, you will decline to believe that most of the world's great books were written with such a tool. There is nothing more exasperating than a quill pen; ft creaks and splutters and blots, and the point bends out of shape, and every few minutes you are obliged to repair the thing, One can imagine a man writing "The Anatomy of Melancholy" with a quill, but It is impossible to figure out how a humorist could handle such an in- ploment for hours together and still be humorous, Yet "Pickwick Papers" was written with a quill pen, and there is no more joyous book in the world. In the early days of Dickens writing was almost as S1borioua as penal servi- tude. And ye, at his Linde old desk. Dickens, young, bubbling over whit mirth, used to sit and write his won- derful stories with an old quill pen! He used blue ink and blue paper, and when he wrote at white heat, as he often ltd, his manuscript was simply appalling. Each line resembled the effects of a streak of lightning more than anything else, and the coutposi- tors used to weep and gnash their teeth and wonder why- some one didn't invent a typewriting machine with back spacing and tabulating devices. In Dickens's day there were none of the conveniences to which modern writers are accustomed, and which they take as a matter of course. There were no screens in 113s windows, and eel the flies !n London were accustom- ed to swarm around him as he worked, doubtless feeling highly honored to make his acquaintance. When he wasn't trimming his old quill pen he was trying to swat the flies, and the wonder is that he could be humorous under sueh conditio, Thrn blotting paper do thonsse day, eandewas wheno Dickens had covered a sheet of his blue foolscap with his copy he had to hang it up to dry or else sprinkle sand over it, Authorship was a painful trade in those days, and when Dickens had worked at his desk for nine hours Ile was covered with ink and sand, and the floor of his workroom wag strewn with the ruins of quill peas. The old quill .peet of our forefather's seems an absurdity now, but all the sentiment of authorship clings to It. Can you imagine Sir Walter writing"l "Ivanhoe" with nu up-to•date writing achine, having a two-colored ribbon? o. the old quill pen will continue to the symbol of literature, (Incline Plough, In a gaeolltie plow invented by a French,nun steal hooks carried on a revolving cylinder pulverize the soil t0 is considerable diph. A place is made more attractive, more profitable and more Itomelib-e by fruit trees about it. Plan now oirthe varieties you will have, time when the benignity (if we would be tree to ourselves!, ]trust turn to the be flash of eighteens anger or an Impal- ing scorn, If we are e111y and yaln and selfish, the eye tells of it, and no act of ours betrays us s0 soon as that which is read hi Dur eyes. Children and animals perceive a welcome or a denial there; the world (oestrus our htt.elllgenee or our feeble wit by read. iug us at sight"; mrd if the ]mind and the heart nre filled with 1111(1, and goodness, the "window of the soul" will at once reveal the fuer.