HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1919-8-21, Page 2AVIATION ADDS .An airplane alAo hn "1101/0 in large!
quantities. Dope Is a substance re. 0 lIGIN
niun an, so forth used !
treating the cloth :airiness of air. !
, pianos and bankrolls to morease tho
strength, prialuee liminces nod tot as :
a filler to maintain tho air and. lwa*
vont the fabric from loolLtog or toar.,
Mg. Its to esnally is 1111! 4'. The •
naoolle of ain airplane dirigiblo is it
structure 01 whioh Cog wings aro
sashed. Tho onalne la moored end the •
paasongors aratienot in it. A too
veil,. paver extends haL 12 to the tail,
bat sometimes protrudea mit on front ;
I and holds the propeller.
The term laincaim" oanos into Ilse
during the war. means Ong air•
plane when lamtiog. 2411102' 1.0.4 tatt
almost level with the ground 111241 '.1(1
of diving into it. to other caaoa 112,,
tail is droppod lower than tho time ao
' that the vanga emelt the air and ro.
Lad tho forco or the 1 A 1,0-
• Mon ia a float or blossoms ,.onstrootion
attack -al oithor under the wilms n
•
2412. 4,1121124 or tiying boat or nutter its
! looly to keep 1i fittest. \Viten we aonal:
' torms of speed. we mean t,ir speod.'
or the relative opetal of an airpluno
in the air and (hal...otitis aatual
speed of the air from the diatimee we
- have travelled. (ironed speed is
; more (minimal. If we travel Nem one
Point to another in ten minntos. maka I
ing fifteen miles from A to Ls wo say
that the .1 2021101 speed was a mile and
a hair a athlete, 00 ninety miles an •
hour. The andoroarriam, of a plane !
is the structure by which it is enabled
land; the braves and ,wnools, he.
Imam which a skid bar is immetimes
located.
: TRACING ORIGIN OF GROCER.
`'{ WORDS
V
ENOLISH LANGUAGE ENRICHE1
BY AVIATION TERMS.
Rerder ties Difficulty LInderstanding
Descriotiea Filsthts Withoat
Knowledge of Thom
.1) 112, iho En} ,ish lauguage
Mrsibmo aortal nal 14.mtion the ail.
new t.,ae•t.t. A • the aver.
sg, Camotiart has hod in ,'.11. past 0
y2,221,111:10y ••2"! 1.•1: 110
112,!, ,21,11 111. 44 -,,y[0,1 • 2210 1,11112.
1.0•11 14,1- . !) 1 '111.211
idiom ay Cie aisplam. and airship is
r,,garesd remarhattio.
t' 1., of tho-o oa vet ore
maim infol ith tho trne meaning of
:molt words as gfoselag.e." anacollog
miritta or -parasite resistanoe," the
:Manufacturers' Afreraft. Assooiation
1103 pi -snared a "flying dietionary."
Naga borove lias ea meat tier/man.
Veal nasas been rshiteti." says the
alanalitsturors' :association artiste,
ayat 000 of the limaitatps is the pro.
por 1.o'' ,"t ion of catnip:tient. so 00 to
goo, the publiaonerally uninstroat-
. - • 1 • -1' ti mognituar.
1.1: ,nirrsid Imooeninga. This difficulty
hos Mao bean 241202111 t; in govern -
12141t oircraft aotivitiga and appears
msg., than evor now mat connnercial
ovi v,ith propsk anoonragentent.
12161111 1-.. in develop soon."
Strange to Reader.
The 200 or maro aeronautical words
4.1 1
Ing ⅈ or in the aircraft plants are
strangars to the average reader. Far
inatanee, every mos . probably has
- hoard of the aileron, yet many may
not know that 'the ailerons of a hi.
plane are arranged on the trailing
sagos in a unique Manner, calming it
to respond at the ,dighteat touch of
the controls und enabling the pilot to
ignoro this lateral altitude of the ma)
oiling al:Greta-a' An aileron, to be
more '.1'' 221. is a hit of a wing tip
Axed on hinges heels on the raar etge
at the ends of tins w*Ings. it is con-
trolled by wires. ;When moved from
the aibit's scat the 1211,2 22114 on one
side raja.) mid rhoae on the other side
decline proportionately. thereby allow -
Mg the wind. 1,1,44,.-4itro against them to
tip tho plane ot either side as desired.
biplane ia a two -winged machine,
ono tsing placed above the other. A
majgrity of British and U.S. machines
arcs biplanes.
biplanes.
The "trailing edge" is the rear edge
of the wings. Speaking of glidinas, it
meaits not. only gliding, but the angle
the path of the airplane takes when
it descends under the influence of
gravity alone. A plane usually glides
by keeping its nose fixed toward the
horison, when it will glide straight-
way eight aatallea for every mile it Is
1j ,ve 111(2 11I, or eight to rine.
airplune is a inaohino that do.
Pearls for supp .rt In the air on planes
or wings, and the PrePelliag power of
Ito motors keep it there, overcoming
gravity and at the same time pr44p4A-
litut• it forward. An Mrship uot an
ga.ba,:na, but a 14,4411444411.
01' 122.0211 and 1'"'' 111.1
.c.11.t. a prcpalling system. car fm. pm•
2111(I ,12111j1
He Was the Great Dealer in Olden
;
Times, Hance the Name.
In a rovent leeture on f)utch coin-
: inovoial law Professor Oppenhoint re.:
farrod. to the useless distinction of !
, altoopomn" and to the difficulty of de.
Oiling what a "Roopman" really is. In
English law. ho said, he k klIOW11 11,S
, a "mercantile person," and the same
- difficulty of definition is likewise felt
in England, just as it is indeed. wher-
, ever any attenmt is made to draw a
distinction between mercantile person3
. and other memlsors of the community.
The expression arnaremillk parson" is
of course. IDA IlsOi1 111 cont.:ma par-
lance and it is a curious foot that the
'English have no colloquial term for
: the French -marcliancl." the linteh
"kootantin" or the Cer.man "Raul.
maim." The won't -merchant," vatich
, came to them from the Norman-
! French and which oustod the okler
! English "chapman," has long $111ee ac-
quired the meaning of a wholesale
dealer.
Oddly enough, the Dutelt word
. "Kaufmann" 01406 Upon a time had ft
similar meaning to the word Muer.
chant" in. morlern English. They
have gone ninth the same '0113' as the
English word -grocer." which, original-
- ally the same as tha Diarliagrofsler."
nowadays stands for tros man who
sells sugar, dried fruits and other
! Colonial prodtice, whether ho floes so
' at wholesale or retail. HO is the man
whom the fierliner still calls typically
the IO,,ofmann in the clotractoristie
expression "Ik joh znin hoofman."
(101). DAC sum Eraufutaiat
All this, said the pintas ISOr. enne
bit iu the following way, ttewn to
the middle ef the fifteenth and six-
temath oenturies the villages hiol only
Vel'y 1111111110V (X tradesmen.
or moos gOrrectly. master Wo112111011.
'1 11444.-,e were the miller, the barber,
the liatelms, tile smith, the 1.1110r. the
12'" 211 kmt 1141 1)0222,' j'14 a builder and
to whom the goldsmith
fr.m Lind the milliner rrom
321:1; I, ago ais nook) had smite re.
emitly hoot added, 'altile in one or
tWO Was 001111.1 the Italian
Wesel., Isar-, -a. -am aoalt M the few
P44,Tinit4'4-:a (Wee every six
months from 0.,1,00. or \somas!, with
414e 1'' '1111''t12 of 1 do Meaty:Tr:moan and
the Orient.
Thor, Lank '1,,,•'. 11: 11111 (hypo
to India too1 ta.) di444:441.74my of Ameri-
brot):JO_ tiiia them the Open -
1,4,:f tin 441! the ft.t•eat tropical and
solonial iasaloa. giliploial after ship-
load (.1' :22)1.20, Stlylia, ate., liogan poor-
imt bit ; the country. Naturally Cm
min win. doalt them was a big men.
aslant and titororono received the luting
of "(Ironer or "groat. denims" In Hol-
land he, was cdiod kahtgroin,
in Germany the Kaufmann: whiell 10
21011111 he has 14 .2111224 ,944144quially to
this day,
Later on, of course, morchants
tirola2 in all other brans hiis of track,
! 411111 1'4)1(21'24wore split up in tho sanos
way lido wholesale 1.111 rigoil dealers, ,
while the original meaning of no',
word "groom"' beeants completely ob.
agured and los:mita-I the sense tff tho
Dutch. 111,11,1111) tor, thn Gorman tOoton.
lel Warenbaendler and the French -
, spicier.
! Very citriousar. frerlt trade arose
In vegetables, Which forninrly peindo
obtaintal Solely front thole own gar.'
, dem,, and which in most continental
countries arc, room now largely tonight !
' (Moot front the peasant grovsora,
though this in very faro In England,
Slime the now trorlasnum who Ind !
; boot) added to tho towini. was named
1 "grocer," this new interloper tvas
called by the strange name of "green
grocer."
I their collateral rolatIvos, have disused
- . the "0" Lima stylo thentaalacs simply
1 anamor, Flaherty and MalkY.
d N . ' IIRNISAYES: When Christianity 21,118 IlllfOlitlend
f !...1 ,u ill to 11'1i1en a largo number of poople
10111 "tying the knot," groW 011t Or a super -
wore often baptized at 01)0 1 1100.
C011Ynnienn() the whole crowd would stitlon? Among the Babylonians ono
--
• .
Marriage Sperstitms
ISid you. Isnow the
at Ike xpl-aisslo-u. -1,a7)-1-4171 1) tilos. stmt. front tho altar
responaps
lavaisr 1 no alit lolve the leost to
'112s II,-
tho Iniat alai Iambi .1 on 1111a way
to the altar it mask: haat 1)1112ir to the
1,rillegioutn; if flos it! :rum.
; ilea, bod. >22'' 1.11!
t 1 .0 ;.( 11',' 04,'I', 1)0
l'112-1,1•02, o mat, or I sido'a
Oath ,r, , .1!,..,, :quoits.
I) a ist 1.. r own s,ovii tai
1 her way to LI,,, Mom so", will do some.
I thing that will iostroy liar own
11(22424ss in itrorried life.
1 11' 1110 brido turns lie). loyal tvlsat
!standing at the 111>211'111>211'it slomitios all ear-
ly search w u stic,m,1 1111mb:01,1.
1 Is bed litok to litive at tho altar a
1101'0011 or 1110 011111e Farm, mune tot
either of the 1111111>11121:24.1111111>11121:24.haar 1114113'1114113' ors zit a worltling 111
It sign. that COL, Jove of Ilia (amok is
HOW THERE CAME TO BE SUCH
A GREAT VARIETY,
Curious Practices Prevailing In 13r1.
Usti tries and Certain European
Coontries in Reference to
am y ames.
The 11111111,103'of proper 11111110S not
only offords a curioh
us capter ter the
etymokaist, but also illuatrates the ,
progres;, 1,1:soc
e iety and thrwm
os eth ;
light upon the customs and pursuits
111:' a • • 1 •••••
With regard to English surnames,
thore aro two cirount moves whiell on.,
s • a l
••, oo their ,
variety viol thair very large number..
They scow to 2)1122' been derivcil froni
110 I1l1tite 111112111' '2' or 01)3204>44,01)3204>44, both
animate and inanimate; qualities both
good and bad, circumstances both 141'-
l'101101111(1 11111111.,1:-2114 and places terres-
trial and heavenly.
The subject is or such an extenaive
(1101i1 11")' that the 242122024242122024of this article
will not pormit of 111101"' 211,112 a sketch
and a casuae
l rfereno 4'2.'2111?ce 4'2.'2111?of the !
211112.21.
Ro .
It is °overy difficultfor the ge-;
itealogist to trace a faintly back for
many gatIorations tan nothing but
the family name tis a clue, inasmuch I
as in an extraordinary number of !
cases imams have changed.
Altering Names An Ancient Custom, !
I The >211111100tiotice of altariag 0114-24 1111(1124
upon tho twourrenou of arts tentatb-;
able event in his personal history
seems to Mtge boon known in times
of very remoto antiquity. A number
of examples of this are to be found 212
! the 0211>11',0211>11', 110 Abram changed to Alin-
: ham, Saul to I'aul, &'t(',&'t(', The new name
4 2'1:11S either assumed by the person hint.
self or granted by the 111011111','h,111011111','h, Foreign names often beeome Angli.
; Maori, There .12.1':? 11111113' inatances of
• this in this country, to which egory
, day immigrants tire coming from
every country in Europe.
In many cuss's in England an antique
' spelling is retained. by ramilie3 of (1,8-
(1111111111,(1,8-
(1111111111,while plebion branches have
; modified theirs 1100004111g1100004111g to the lino-
' mations in orthography that have
taken place in more recent times. An
! Matinee of 21110 ill shown in a story
; of Fielding, the novelist. Henry
! Fielding being in company with the
1 Earl of 1224111112411,1224111112411. 22-1121 1011001( flintily
! his own was closely- cnne
ostod, his
!lordship 112412011 '12113' they spe't their
names differently, the earl's family
' doing it with the e first (Pending)
ding)
',lidding with the first.
, cannot ten, my lord." onswered the
4 groat novglist, "except it be that lily
; branch of the family were the first
! that know how to spell,"
Derived From Dr.ptismal Name.
Many English surnames had their
c•(01(211)in baptismal names. The fol-
. lawiag woll-known names tire of this
hind: Adams and Addison, from
Adion; Atkins and Atkinson, front
Arthur; .1.1140120410.1.1140120410a
n nd licniflurson,
fromndr
Aew; Sandals, and Saunders,
from Aloxanshr; Ellsins anti Elkin -
son, from Allan; Benson, from Benja-
min; Batas end Barlett, from Barth°.
lomw; eKelley. from Charley, David,
Davison and Dawson, from David;
1211144, It3011>4011 and Elliott. from Elias:
0111, Gilpin, Gibbs and Gi011121-411. from
Gillsert; Jefferson and Jeffries. front
tleoffrey; Ilaerison, Ilawkins
aria 111111 (somealmsal. from ST1200>')';ti11.0,112, from lingli; Jonea. Jennings,
Jenitins and Jaakson, from John; ?Al-
oes tisatina. from Luke; MIld1S011 and
Matson. from Matthew; !Pioace and
Perkins, f1'0111 l'eters Pollock and
P,11t, from l'ani; 1"2,t('1 10)12 and Patti-
ron, from l'atrick; Dick, Dickaon,
Dixon, factious. Divkin,011, DiekerSoli
111111 Richards, front Rieharti; 11111)1>1'
,',,i>, Rubins, lloberta, Dobson, Dob-
bins and Ilopkina, from Robert; Dud.
1(12111 a11(1 12111:':":, 11'13111 111221(11 gimp.
S01). f10111 81111011; T1121111 21041, T.0111-
$4011, T01111,:111S, fl'010 T111.1111N:
Wklth111,4, from 'Walter; Wilkins,
Wilkinson. Williams, NVilson,
Willis, \','7'111',\','7'111', from William; and, 01 '
course, all flirtation names ending in
.1)211,.1)211, 1:72,111 W11111111i:1011, j011/1S011,
1±.01)01.1S1,11, awl the like.
The prefix Fitz (the son or), so
oo'0111111111 in Englond, tA 14)10411.0>21 to
1111122)2 originaltel in Flanders. It is 11)'
2(112 ' 112111 it is now tinknotvii in
but it 1,0021014 in ancient
doommaita and chronicles or that
en1111try. It Was brought to ifalgland
by Lae Normans mule! „liliam. the
Irish and Walsh Surnames.
Kinds of Airships.
ThsVe are three 1111:1)14 '41: i>421''110,i>421''110,wi‚0>12)411f,1,2112is
14.11,14 1')2'1')2'int silted by tint pressure of
a44:44.4. to' '1''. and !shied tos the cablas and
,Ths, 11,-,1(1 tho toossonagasor
trolgrs: ash. Theo thsra is the rigid
11A, f0' 111-,1•11122 :1 411124'00 1 or
rosts1 the hig asa
bag 1., it.1 11111,E,, for it. 'i he
l'o': righl 1111'1worolen 1,11 or te4M14.4.4 'item; its ctsier
tido, ‚0114,1) 1:01.122 it 1-4 ,r21,.. .,114.4140.
1114142/ by the in. ilIc.
44,04, mal .41fsilips lot -.944
The iipe,tnitix Ita,te loading
:cam 110 Fi'4,1.'the gas hag
to tho car ors" 121,0>al for 012111 111 it, or
in the cc ef the old-faahloired
ash...rand balloon. 11114)a big rubber
ball, it servos tet equalize the gas
pressure inside.
An aviator Is an operator or pilot of
1111 ai1211931112.24, or any hearvier-thamair
craft The term ”tiviattie• applies 10
either 21 mon or roman who drives
airplanes. The term rnsolage 11 4)2221'
inon yet not wholly understood. It is
the body of the airplane, or 110 (7111rie.
eovored frameworlt which holds .the
engine in front, the 1111'21241111'2124 seat and
possengor area in the center 11,12.2024211111,12.20242111tho wings and then rims in111011to the
tnil
The "trail group" is gartered, and
it contains, besides the nobler or rod-
ders, depending on the typo or info
thine, elevators In n horizontal 1,,a1-
Gem one on either side or the redder,
and fins which are vertiele to the 1)20.e.
2.1111)1012.1111)101and are. llama forming one
piano with 1110 rudder 11•11011 it Is in 22
natural position, The controls rtro the
wheel or "stick" for use of the pilot in
guiding his craft, tho same ris the
wheel of an itutomobilo or tho rudder
bon' of a 2,0111. A control has throe
her
vises, we in othor vehleles such as
the inotoroas or boat only two Uses
eau be foetid for it. The reason Is
that nvisttors have trio otattend with
Hiroo. dimonsiona, An auto 'or boot
02i11 (rage"( only bacleward femora
or Widcwise. A 11111212(0 can do thins!)
things- and beside Can go either tip. or
down.
Hanger Is Shed,
A. hamar 10 21 shod for an .1:y1,191m,
A new farm lighting plant may be
operated by antomoldle 11)128>1,1 of the
customary stationary engine.
If there is no old gdevo available
'when you have 'co tho stove,
cover the hands well with wet soap
and allow it to dry on, Tho polish
wal 1221 not adhere to the hands
el. 1.:1 1,144211 of without any trouble,
often bo ehristened with the same Pal of tho inairiage• eet•emotly was to
nano). ln 11122112. ennon mono of take a thread from tlo gatanent of the
the saint Wan 0'011 2110111 011 2Y111100 bride and one from the bridegroom
Two and (112them together 12111)a knot.
1113' the voromony took place.
12,04124211 hal curious suporatil Iona.
account, for so many ha that 1.01112.113'
who bear the names of Thonots, 1111(211, Ono lutlIcrotia 12110 Is that the bride and
groom ram, rapidly down the 111011. 110
acon as the brldal 11104'' 021,111 ('11, ('124
tlio clausal. Nalittever pia( os a foot on
the cloth lo front 0( 1111' altar first will
be 111115101' of the household.
known 111)111013 of l'rico and Brice.
In it 201121 considered a good
French and Spanish Customs.
omen to tie arotind th,a, necks of the
In Spain a curious custom exists, brig, and g10,11, 12 Silk sash fringed
The wife does not change hoe name at with gold while they knelt before the
marrtago, The so, uses the patorniti altar, thus binding their love the
or maternal 1101111'. PH 11") 2121111, proper.
The choloo generally fulls upon that
of the bettor finally,
In Franoe it was formerly 111s21o1044
nry for eldest :sons to take taolr
father's nantea, while the younger countries:
brat:rhea assumed the names of the It la unlunky for a (a)1(ple to run out
atas allotte 1 t II TI I. 1'
David and Jones (nom John).
The VVelsh prefix ''12)>'' 11(2111121 the
son of, 113 221)Rhys, Ilk son of Ithys.
From this name have come the well -
stronger.
in 'Orono,: It le, held t..) be unlucky to
allow a Person older than the bride to 1
enter tha church door first. And here 1
1110 00101. supeemitions from. ninny
Edo .
c lint 1 P au of churoll hand In hand.
Os° prevailed 111 halal:mil tor some b
time after the Norman ooneuest, as I
le ride and bridegroom must not
11 look about or recognize anyone on go.
the Lame of Eugh of Saddingtan, who Ing up the church aisle, few the Ono
gave to his second son his manor of who does it will go elsewhere for love
larytIou, to his third son his 1111111ot. of In a short timo.
(02112.11lltihSeNu.t'lls711,,,,
gots up Matt front the sitar will alwayt
T1I9 one of the betrothed pair who
Fryilon, Dela ti - -
Their posterity have, In many cases,
1014102.021the De,
. 01 eY anti DeAlltilY; in aftor lire be the 011E) 121 )202 up first
in the house,
It is a sign of bad Mak and imperil -
tion if a woman signs her maiden namo
instead of her new merriest name 011
the church register when s'ae marries.
It IF good leek to the couple if a
Macon alight en the church *wit vouple
eiders it to be married,
If the official olorgsgman has trouble
to find his ghtsseo It is a sign that one
----- ACCIDENTAL DROWNING.
---
Persons Suffering From Costain All.
merits Should Not Take Plunge.
Fatalities are largely duo to care-
lessness, to the rlisplay of (largos rialss
!•and to overconfidence, iat ()very of the two; before him will not bear
! weekend We learn of !acridental 1)1,. 1)0011011.
drownings which tire the rese11 of If the offloiating elergyman makes a
1 boat gapaets," long -Maginot) swim, or mistake some ono is present who is 00-
! of unwarranted boldness in dcep posed to the match,
water. lt Is bad luck to have 11 minister re-
, Persons who knowingly have dis.! fuse to perform the 06210111011)' cereoon 22113'
! eased or hardened blood vessols, hetat eXCUSS•
-disease or kidney trouble iiienda re- Ir the pastor drops tho prayer book
(rain from taking: plunges. !When the while reading the aorvioe the couple
will be blessed with twins. -
(shady la submerged snadonly void
wator there ia an ininitaliste contra c-1 1115 lwarshon1(11 ointnentitoruolii•iaingwedydaosdscsoutphlee
that of the surface blood vessels !
i0)22411 church door while the ceremony
which adds to the work of the heart,
is being performed.
causing 14114(1011 strain. If the heart
It Is lucky to marry in a ruined
is too weak to ineeE this added pros -
sure then serious consequences may ; chunrfitedic.
taiple will be separated soon if
take p11100, 1
Persons appareotly helpless in the ;
_
water Should not 1:1120e 104004,02 risks • ORIGIN OF MARRIAGE CUSTOMS, JAPAN'S POETRY CONTEST:-
by wading out too far. Furthermote, _
Tini great majority of Irish sur.
mono, are detivol from the primer
of diatingniiihe.l. ancemors.
I,ociil 1111 1112:l turoly 1102.'01.
Tiv, prolix "0" ao oominon in tho
e,,istli,g ammonia; of the Irish moans
oral -Aston; hut, in ft Il102.5 enlarged
souse. "31110" signidos non or ony 1111110
dE)21e0111.1f012. The only 1215),," 111'',
therefore, between the auroamos with
"0" and tilos° with "Mac" is that
those who fain11111011 tile latter adopted
the frither'a name, whilo nuts() who
took the former chose the designation
of tho grandfather. A fable interns.
slim prevail:I in Ireland that the "0"
is more 1'e:most:1111e than th., "Mitts"
No such distinction really 1.e:c1t1 A, 1110“:.
much as Livery family of sill...mon or '21re lz 1:11 in (ho
Firbolgic origin is entitled to besr ". '!d 1.3 ""!!'l (1, 41. an r-111t1t,e111
either prefix, ra4fa 1..41.'4a1 to 1l11 11112120.4
10 Connaught the gentry of M11'' 1)1) -•'i im so 1 ...v! I...! 1 111, '1' no re.d.thi„it
desont are palled O'Connor, 0101,, 2i,''. F., Isar .1"
ty, etc., while the Peilacb&lyt ekt;:i12y.
onesided.
'1110 britlet,.rootti will grove tiolik 22
he dropa anything in the room whore
1110 (even:Puy 1» aria.
(21 soiroi Eutiai rios it is 'thieved if a
• bride carrios salt in her pocket. It ant
insure good look,
thippinoss Is aalleduloil for the cino-le
1'211000 relatives refuse to 2(1, '11,1 2 1.-•
ceremony after they Miro been Maltal.
lf 11 dog barks during the ceremony
an enemy is in the room.
If the bride coughs during the core,
snotty her lift. '0111 2)1.) short.
If the bride Magda under a floral
ben and the petals of a. white rtee
should fall on her she will be happy
and never know a core.
'l'o stand with the book to a mirror
! when being married means much gos-
siping abmit you.
I It is bad luck to unary in the mid-
i (110 of folding doors Of miller= arch.
wo y.
ir courae of tho marriage oars..
! mons' one of the (ample tramp:aim the
root of the other it will prevent Melt-
' 'loan.
Ir it rains on the bride as she gocs
! to be married elle will see pleasure
come from all her trials,
I An evil spirit is aeelting to niii,triiy
1110 love life or Um couple if a 01200
' squeaks about the time of the rake-
mony.
The Past single persor to 001111' inn)
• 21112 room prepared for a weading and
who does not go oat before the (Two-
mony will be married within a year,
only those who tiro experienced maim- - Conditions of Long Ago Gave Rise to
mers, well taa'asal and well inforraca, Habits Which Still Remain,
should attempt to rosette the apparent.,
! Almost every marriage custom of
ly drownsfi. Multiple fatalities are
to -clay got its start among our half -
often the result uf attempts to aid the
(Blitzed ancestors or many centuries
distressed by 11e010111:3 who are them- I
!ago. We are creatures of habit, and
solves ineapable of prelim. manage-
! we 811014to lots of things without
'tient in the water.
Reauschation of the apparently ! 0113-102) or reason.
We all know about the rice -throw -
drowned should he Performed as fol.'
! ing, the flinging of old shoes, the use
lows :of the ring, tho joining of hands, the
As soon >22) 1110 hotly is brought to !
use of. the bridal veil, the wedding
shore loosen the clothing about the!
bell, the white robes of the bride, the
. . 11011103111000.arstij'11U 111)11 ide UM victim, clasp your bands ;
llg
fr.:in China, !where, from time im.
The use of the rice is borrowed
about the abdomen and raise the body !
! memorial, handfuls have been thrown
somewhat from the ground; this act
at the mmriage couple with the prayer
tends to expel water from the stom.
: that they might novel. want for food,
1)('h arid lungs.
In olden t111105 the bride's apparel was
The person is then turned on his
sont after her to 1100 now home, in
back, the heart taniod to one side end
tolLan of renunciation, and the throw-•
the tongue drawn forward to avoid 121-
Ing of the shoes was a symbol that
terferonce with the respiration,
she had been given up by ber parents
Kneeling on one knec at the vie,.
and turned over for manageinent to
tim's hetet, grasp both arms just be-
7har hus1and.
low the elbows and with an outward
Once, all marriage was by capture,
sweeping motion draw them away !
and the groom's "best' man" was in
above the head, This 121214205 inspire -
those old Mays the hest armed and
tion by drawing the ribs outward,
eturdleat fighter of his acquaintance,
The arms are Rion brought down
who nocomp olicil 11110 to assist in the
14(1(1 21162 01104112.0 •
11 11i1:ltiIl8t tIle 1(2, 1,1,2.21,11 tutil, if necessary, flglgt the
lower ribs with sufficient steady Rink
1111...r! 1..1111111Y. Tho honeyinofn ro-
ta expel 'the ,air from the lungs., This !
prosonta the concealment of tho
should be repeated at the rate of six -
V00111 and his bride until the family
teen Eines a minute and continued um!
had beim placated with preSentn.
11! 11111'111111 - • .
0 110(1111124. 1
T110 t1112)1$111'Q 11020 joined, but were
Ono to two hours of artiflcialre-
moo tied together, and the film. ann.
1balizes the chain or handcuff by the
spiration aro aomotinteS moniker' to •
revive the apparently drowned.
!' LE which the bride Wan dragged
The victim should be wrapped in
Orange 11101400M8'12.12122 once
bl
! tstupposed to have magical virtue; U11111,11(24121as soon as respiration re-!
turns and the Lama and legs massaged.i bride's veil was at first tho blanket
to encourage circulation. The nut- •
thrown over her head to stifle hor
1012200 or lungmotor should bo resen'od screams, and later a thick canopy to
for ono skilled in its use,
bide her blushes,
(Most and neck. The body is then :
Arithmetic 4,200 Years Ago,
Professor Laugdon of Oxford, Eng-
land, hats discovered that one 0001111 Digging wild trees for home plant-
er the famous Nippur tablets stored Ing is not successful tts a rule. In the
at tin University of l'eunsylvartia aro first place wild trees aro likely to grow
in roality the oltleat schoolbooks where they are crowded and are
known to exist, They show that tho 2101212.1) or taller than theSi should be,
children of the ancionts learned much 02.1 113115 11122.0 IlOt 11 11(1 511 OppOl'l,tlllityt
that the boys and girls of to -day have develop evenly and May be well
to study. According to Otos° tablets shaped on ono sido only, Then the
the children of 4,200 years ago woro
roots have been left to 53)10511 nut at
taught arithmetio, geography, history long distances 111111 the trees sienna
and grommet. just like the children
i be removed without brenking off Im.
of te-day.
The multiplication tables are re- ! portant roots, so the tree will be FL
1
markably distinct, and in pinin moat-
, lung while in rocaotoring and a large
, percentage will clie,
sniffs show tho ineontrovrrtiblo fact'
101115013' grain trees are grown
Ulna three 1111124(1 ona
e re three un(1, when) .71
1
ti oy 21112.01)11)02.011113' on all sidos
live 1,1111,040110 111'0 1120.
1
e ,!
11,eLare f
requently raonspand
On 0110 tablet the aohnolboy has :1ot pruned, which hops them troubeen glycol it 100110); In phonetic signs ',"win.g too 5121311111(1g mid the roots
corresponding to the alorthand L10milsconfnedtoosmall12.2145,t,so
modern times. The Sumrians, tlio4oes can easily and safely be
authors If these tablets, also Invented
the 11 0 of writing N3,110)103 and 00111' 3)1
In making 11)1(1114 plantings 212! is a
blaing them into words, lking the
- g ! gravo orror to attempt to utio wild
raid sirn towara thn alplinbet.
Wild Trees Unsuitable For Home
Planting.
11 many trues are to be used it Is
advisable to visit a mirsery and 1)00'
211)021117 induct each specimen,
'ilicre are 'il11 varieties of
flowera w1111.111 hago Poly two rolora,
white rad yelluW,
"Snow Scene on a Sunday Morning"
Brought. 30,000 MSS,
;The usual spell of warm 'weather
Is just the one during which to spook
of the annual poetry contest tallish the
emperor of Japan each year propown
to 11 18 people, end which this year had
tieolinenv0rage number of conmetitors-
30,000, The rules for the compe-
tition are strictly circomarndbed. tho
theme being selected by the mikado
1111111012, and the number and arronge-
ment of syllables, the prosody, are of
traditional establishment. This is no
contest in stora-telling;\ it is the von.
bat tranacription of a single emotion,
the picture of a moment of. of a brief
period of Unto ana of a single inionlao
-In fart, the very principle that our
friendS, tho 'mores:430111sta of. the
alanet-Monot period, insisted on in
painting..
This year the subject was "Snow
Scene on a Sunday Morning." which
explains our statement that the warm
weather WaS the that) to write of it.
'Untortunately, we have no trausla-
thin of the poems that won the prize,
but we have no doubt there wont
among those thousands a number that
tyleurled do mach to cool the atoms-
IAs much as the Japanese love blls-
tering baths, so they also adore tho
eold of winter, and actually a cult of
the 8110111 has grown up which carries
Its devotees to extremes. Whether
or 1101 this is an ancient or a modern
custom we do not know; but its
tenets nre ranted tint fully at corrain
schools, with separate institutions for
the sexes, but otherwise following
Practically the same curriculum. Tho
schools operate somewhat liko our
012.11 open-air schools, , except that
whereas we Wrap our scholars In the
thickest of blankets and depend opoil
ttbsorbing tho winter's purity thri:ngh
the lungs, tho Japanese dress their
0113)115 in cotton pantaloons only for
their midwinter outdoor exercise, and
ronelnde the outdoor work by having
them sit for ten minutes in tt snow.
drift 2011 1241,, WO aro told, in "an ordeal
they survive very easily."
Wo sti:e not sure how our Canadian
boys and girls would take to that form
of estoreiso, but WO believe they would
prefeas it to another feature of the
training which consists of an hour of
meditation, both morning and evening,
during which thne, for sixty minutes
at a stretch, they romala with closed
Oyes, pondering -just pondering! Also
at he end of each school term the
Pupils must fast for several days.
stiamg noble character toil,
Micro all, sincerity,. 12080 tun the
qualities which it Is Ithlioved are in.
stilled by the regitnon. During' 1.411111.
mar tho pupils are talftm to camps in
tho mountains, where also they aro
subjected to high forma or discipline.
It le cloar, of mimeo, teat sitch Insti-
tutions are •not tor tho thliciton oi
ricksha men or Hee-mowers; hut Otos,
aro tomported tool apro•otnal bY 1110117
tho grottiest of tho land, tool tha
author); or not a fow of ilia boNtifill
van ..s Submitted fa 2110 0111perne12
1224.4tr,.• caateat doubtless were de.
sabot in stall surretindings.
The /Womb&
Engles, Overhellta 212 liat
11 about 11.4 La/ Jur an eng'inc to
overheat in soonnor as for tin Mills
'021,11)1, am1 oro wili 110 thLt Ham', 118
ru;:y 11 1.11.. (.thel.. 10)1 11 Can .Wer.
to,k, WW1 oboist camel cl1,1141v1.,1-
111gs.. 100 131a011 motor fughter,
you km)w, will rill -Auer ra•
in.li,o0,:.41110a, owl Elgth
too a, ratoso fottoNttt, nt r," are otitor
reasans, of coarse, ant the novice,
mirthothirlsa ought to learn eattsca,
re 111114 and corer.
1 While 11,,,1 v. io.1.1. 2011.. not e„peoially
ce'ol, mo.d., drivers foot: a radii:tor
cover treaded, anti oemo foglid that 11124
fan belt were hest realm 112, Thrit the
troahh. was tn lievp thr no,t,.,r warm
('110111111 20 tams' at a. t .11,2 11012
the troul'de, sinco tha real hot
, have (Lorne, is to keep the raotar cool
' smooth to run propeld,,,
With must ears 1110 ',' to tint
,ng 1:1111 ('1112
without:- actually turoino th w 11..1
into otomn, the bettor il vsill 1 In
1,1ar ay engines do not tiatadon r,(11.
hrscpswor because thay are ken1 too
cool for efficiency; yet vos henr plea'
02 coimn!airtts about overheating) and
radintors, 11 1111' enifines wet.?
bohig handled as the niaaaftlatorct
introdstl, tll04 wradd mot ho Skma
the trouble is- doe to ret1'ld-1 >' P1111.'
In rat weather tho driver who re»
tards the spark too 11111(11 1)10.2) 1111 11
lot or gas that gives no maser, lot
the engine does not everimai.
the rise in the mercury comes
overhenting, and the driver cannat
figure it out; he is dri,:tor j'i,21 114
same,
!12 should be remembered that ask.
mg with retarded smarts produ,
overheating. :Nitwit manipulation of
the spark lever is neede1 with present
day battery igniCon Atari
driVen, Wht•-•:1 th(y find the enn'ms
linockir,g tat bog sped. retard the
' lever and fail to advaag1 it 0,1.111
when running at high,' anzro.1,
With magnetoignitinn the 31):1 01:
; control lever mey 1 11.1v!:0e.:.,1 altos!:
! three-fourths of the full rang.c.
bit there fm• 1ll.311` 1411 soce•la cmc4:,‘.
the very bIgh, 111: 11, beriman Ibo
, nature uf the spark cham;.-.-, with l'ea
1 speed of the engine, egiavalant to tin
notomatie spark r.,1: .14112 21e01 retard.
' Not se -whit the liatitrey
14112 they rause of Chstsgs ovarhoat-
, ing may ha 11i41:91 '14.2 0(211 thl
racliator which prevents jci-oficr rol"9-
i 'Ulm. Ulla 'is a deposit of mineral
substance from the 11'11121',', E7V11111111
2111 0111 tealit!ti':e 111111 5011 Will f111.1 1,1
tho bottom the same AR: of
; deposit. Usually this 04113' be 1`01110,•
1 cd by sunning a saturated solution r.1
washing sod24 throu.ah the •;001 11114 11Yl'••
i tem. If you haven't i:lcauell lho rain-
ator OILS FC:0A3:11, draIn oir Goo wntor
! and replace f,t with the soda solution
ond run with ibis in for 242.". .">1 hours,
If there is a water ;pump tiI,,,•orneet
the limier hose from the railator and
!run the engine Lo pump out the 511111 -
hon, feeding Water 11111> 1110 radial:sr
, front a hose, so that tho sosiort is
thorottelfty flushed heroin: 2r:2t/1as2.110
the railiakor hose 212(e11,
; With a therran-syphan system
connect bath upperr,r,1 lcwar hese
. from Lilo radiator and ma the beg,
into the Muter apart -alga or the t,:'! '1
to 1111511 otit the water jashst
oughly ond r.lso flush ibe
got Mit the last (.1: 1110
or tilt:: seribmint come:, (rem 14.1111 au I
vegetable matter entriod i21 o
end rart froni limo ttml other stils-
zlitsces affected by the brat and 11111
reatlly separated frem th, water rcc
deposit; likewise there is rome rusr,
from the wttter jacket.
Telling Time In Turkey,
In vorions parts of Terltoy the wotali
and clock are ext.:rotten. rare, hut 1110
!MAUI efl have nn escoodiagly
! mut way of approximiiting tli.3 nom
and some of them lin it 11ii11. [WM.'
5111.01111110 accuracy, loos Le 2200
! n01'0111)11 peints of the (.(7011.1110)) 2111i1
! then folding their 111111,19 taw:other in
: such a !manner that the foroilmtere
point upward and In oppoalto 1250"-
1 1,1115, they observe the skidoos oast. -
!111 tho morning or the evening nt
'Lain known hairs ono 11110.,1' 01' 1113
! other will point directly al the sun.
A comparison or the two saa.lawa will
, determine the hours between.
' Another system followed in Torkey
and sotno other countries of the Ortcot
ols to observe the ogeS 01 0 eal. IsarlY
in the morning and eveling tint onpils
are round, 141. awl 3 o'clock they inn
oval and nt noon thoy ennstst of a
11111TONV
Failed to Co)operote,
"Yon ttre an hour tato thla morning,
, Siam," Bald a captain to his orderly.
"Yes, flab, I lolow it, salt; I was
kicked by a mule on 1117' W117', soh."
'That ought not to 11141i0 you 1010 1,111
110111', Sinn."
"Well, you see, c1)1)'11, it wonlda't
have 12 he'd only kicked mo in thla
(salon, Init he kicked uto do other
way.'
Meld Marshal Sir Deaglas Ilaig,
upon receiving the freedom ef 101 .v.
castle recently, In his mhisess dcs v-
ented what he ooriskicreil a tendency
to minimise filo Br112511 army's ach-
laymen:Ls tho War, "12. is right,"
Mold Marshal Iraig said, "to speak Of
our Allies, hut it WaS tho
army that Wen tho War; st W05 1310.
tahl that boro the brunt of tiro fight.
ittg In ‚(ho loot twt; years, I holm
overy ono w111 realize that foot and
stick tho fellows who lotOrt and
suffered and by theilx clepondonto."