The Brussels Post, 1919-6-19, Page 2ems.
Rural Life No Longer Dull
Some months ago we told )row Cam
ndidn worsen who had been in Eng-
land shire war began had been instru-
mental in introducing our Woman's
Inetit:,ltcs there. Hence the following
interview of a London newspaper with
Lady 0 iman is most interesting:
"\Vo aro' forming women's insti-
tutes et the rate of over twenty a
week" said Lady Denman,
"Village life is ne longer incl; vi1•
lage women are organizi• ., and co-
operating through the m •,i,tun of these
institutes which give thine the chance,
to meet and exchange id, s and to
listen to lectures on varic ., subjects)
of inierest to women from . or•y point
of view, eubjects the pe Bier under-
standing of which is for tee good of
the country, the locality, and the
home,
"The idea came from Canada and,
in a way, the word institute is a mis-
nomer. It gives the idea of a big build-
ing. whereas these bodies of village
women have no regular place of meet-
ing. They meet in the schoolhouses
or other village buildings, and after
the lecture or entertainment have tea
and tack together.
Are Buying Co-operatively.
"The institutes are still wider in
their aims, however, and they are go-
ing to be a great factor in village life
after the war. The women are buying
co-operatively now. The institute in a
village purchases coal and seedlings,
allotments are worked, and pigs are
kept jointly by several members.
"Leiter one can vision the institutes
going into the question of housing and
other matters of vital importance to
the country as to the city housewife
and mother.
"We have appeals from all over the
country to form institutes, but tmless
we rind when we go to a village that
the women who want the institute re-
present all classes of women we ask
them to wait a while until there is
more unanimous support, for the whole
idea of the institute is that well-to-do
women and poor women should co-
operate,
"T go to many of the initial meet-
ings. Sometimes they are in quite
good-sized placte. sometimes in tiny
villages, I attended one recently in a
tillage of oily 40 houses, and I am
Iglad to say there were 35 people pre -
I sent.
"A very important part of the work
is to start village industries. alive the
I women some occupation as well as
some diversion outside their homes.
Basket making, toy malting, fruit and
I vegetable preserving are all being
started.
"The institutes are entirely self -
governed. We have nothing to do with
that. The ntentbers elect their own of-
ficials and arrange their own meetings.
Membership ousts 2s., and the meet-
ings ere educational in purpose, but
the result of tltent is closer and
friendlier relations among the women.
Become a Power in the Land.
"The prize offered for the best pro-
gramme of lectures and discussions
was won by the Checkendon Women's
Institute, which has a meeting one
Friday a month, on which there will
be interesting lectures, discussions on
various subjects by the members,
songs. entertainments by school child-
ren, country dancing, exhibition of the
best work of any kind by a member,
etc,
"The institutes are already becom-
ing something of a power with local
government officials, For examplle,
when the women's institute in a cer-
tain village wanted an instructor in
lace -making in order to start the in-
dustry there they applied to the local
educational board and got one without
any difilculty.
"The discussions on household and
other subjects teach the women to ex-
press themselves. Sometimes a wo-
man will come to many meetings be-
fore she feels she can jotu in the dis-
cussion, then some interesting point
which she understands particularly
will overcome her shyness, and, hav-
ing once spoken, she is to be counted
upon at other discussions,"
AMAZING FEATS OF TRAVEL.
Engine- Drivers, Ship • Captains and
Postmen Who Have Millions of
Miles to Their Credit.
The City man who journeys thirty
miles a day to and from his office,
would probably be astonished to learn
that a single year's travelling would
take him as far as Calcutta, and that
every three years he covers a dis-
tance greater than that round the
earth at the Equator, says a London
writer,
And yet he is a "stay-at-home" con.
Pared with hundreds of men who sel-
dom give a thought to their perform-
ances. Many an engine -driver and
guard has a mileage running into
seven figures. When Mr. Benjamin
Jeans stepped down for the last time
from his footplate on the London and
Birkenhead express, he could boast;
that he had travelled 4,000,000 miles,
having reeled off his "world -circuits"
at the rate of approximately three a
year for fifty-four yeas. Another ex-
press driver on the L. and Ne W, Rail•
way, DIr. Thomas Ilecic, )tad cemple(ed'
a record of 3,000,000 utiles when he
retired.
When that fine old skipper, Captain
Greenstreet, turned his back on the
sea a few years ago, he had crossed
the Equator 102 times. He had made
90 voyages to and from Austradasia,:
and hail left behind 2,600,000 miles of
sea -roaming.
.And even that wonderful achieve-
ment was eclipsed by Mr. H. Stevens,
a steward on board Cunard liners,
whose record of Atlantic 'crossings
reached a total of 3,400,000 miles.
Compared with such astounding
feats of globe-trotting, pedestrian re-
cords seem insignificant. But there
are several men living to -day whose
tramping has covered hundreds of
thousands of miles. Among them,
Dir. W. Moore, a letter -carrier, walked
210,000 miles in thirty-two years over
Yorkshire roads; and Mr. Richard
Williams, in six years more, placed
the enormous journey of 415,000 miles
to his record as a shropshire postman.
He Knew How,
Lee Fong was brought before a local
magistrate and fined for breaking the
law. The magistrate had great diffi-
culty in snaking the Oriental under-
stand, as he feigned entire ignorance
of English. Finally, in desperation,
the magistrate said:
"Hare, man, do you see? That is one
dollar. Pay it—or go to jail."
Tho Chink still appeared to be unen-
lightened, and the magistrate repeated
the question.
"Allow me to talk to him, your
Honor," burst forth the husky cop who
lied arrested )lint, "I'11 make hint un-
derstand."
"'You're a liar:" shouted back the
Chink. "It's only one dollar."
- --
Every :.hill should have one quart
of milk a day until it is 8 years old.
A Bloodless Revolution
Whilst other nations have been go-
ing through revolutionary periods dur-
ing the past eighty years, Britain has
worked out a wonderful peaceful re-
volution which the limelight of war
seems to reveal to us, says a London
newspaper,
Let us go back a few years farther
to 1830. and we find slave -holding on
Ilritish territory legal. in a ParlIa-
ntent of rotten boroughs Birmingham
and Manchester were not represented,
but Grampound and Old Sarum were,
Until 1834 there was no grant for etdu-
cntiun, and then only £20,000; No
Factory Acts existed.
The savage penal laws had just been
repealed, and even still fifty, or sixty
human beings were hanged every year
and hundreds packed off in convict
ships to the Colonies.
• Then look at the world at large, In
Vele the only Republic was America,
and she.' had a t•;tal population of
twelve million, ore -tenth of whom
were elaves.
Our own ('ulualAS we're small, primi-
tive communities, having constant
troubles with the natives, Italy seas
parcelled nut, Anetr'ia holding its
richest provinces; China and Japan
were closed to foreigners; India was
ruled by a trading company, and con-
stantly invaded by northern races;
Russia, it was feared, aright over-
whelm Etti'clpe1 end Germany was a
collection of dukeries,
In 1830 there were no railroads, no
0ceatt steamships, no telegraph, tto
cheap post, no free press, no public
education, no pure water, no stain
drainage, 'Trade 'Unions were criminal
associations, and Dissenters were re-
garded ethnost Cls rebels.
y mug. Tpas NEVER
ASSERT FROM $C.tLOOL:
A CHILDREN'S FEAST.
When Youthful China Celebrates the
Lotus Festival.
The Lotus Festival Is a pretty bit of
merry -snaking that belongs exclusive-
ly to the fortunate children of China.
Mrs. Alice Tisdale in her book, Pion-
eering Where the World Is 01(1, thus
describes the picturesque scene:
It was a hot summer night, and all
the shop windows were bright with
lanterns shaped like the lotus buds in
the big moat. The moon rose high
over the curving Peking roofs and
flooded the streets. As if the moon
had brought him, a child came timidly
forth front one of the big, dark gate-
ways. In his hands he held a brilliant
lotus bud and a lotus -bud lantern.
Then from every gateway, all up and
down the streets, the children came
forth. The air was filled with the
music of their happy voices, and there
was the sound of their little feet going
pitapat in the dust.
Soon the streets were childhood's
land, full of color, sound and happi-
ness. Still the children caste, rich and
poor --children in silk garments of
bright colors, children in rags. and
little, naked, brown children, all carry-
ing the lotus bud and the lotus -bud
lanterns, which threw soft lights up
into their happy, childish faces. Ever
the crowd of breathless, joyous child-
ren and lovely flowers increased.
For a brief, joyous hour, like fairy
elves, the children frolicked. Then the
candles burned low in the lanterns,
and one by one went out As quickly
as they came, the children vanished.
The streets were again silent and
gloomy.
MARRIAGE MANNERS.
Strange Customs Described by an
English Writer.
It is an old belief that a marriage
should take place when the noon is
waxing and not waning, if it is to be
a lucky match, and in many North -
Country dietricts a strict inquiry is
made as to the state of the moon be-
fore the wedding day is fixed, In the
North, too, no wise bride will ask an
odd number of guests to her wedding -
feast, for an old superstition has it
that if this is done, one of the guests
will die before the year is out.
In the Highlands it is taken as a ter-
ribly unlucky sign if a dog should run
between tate bridal pair on their wed-
ding -day; while in Derbyshire pros-
pective brides still tell tate bees of
their wedding, and decorate the hives
Inc the occasion. In parts of England
and Scotland there exists an ancient
custom for which reason is hard to
find, by which part of the wedding -
cake is broken over the head of the
bride and the guests scramble for
pieces.
None of these marriage manners,
however, compare with the Chinese
custom which causes bacon and sugar
to be hung on the sedan -chair of a
Chinese bride, in order to keep the
demons from molesting her on Iter
wedding journey. The Chinese bride-
to-be, too, bus to stand in a round,
shallow basket while she dresses for
the wedding, in order to make her of
a good temper and amiable disposition,
Change of diet for animals should
be made gradually, especially where
thee/ involve the introduction of new
foods. Animals are generally sus-
picious of new foods, and often re-
ject for a while material which they
subsequently eat readily,
BOW EASTERN RACES
USE THE 'OOT
REPORT OF FRENCH INVESTIGA-
TOR, LANNELONGUE,
Among the Oriental Peoplee the Foot
Possesses to a Certain Extent the
Power of Grasping Objects,
With the yellow races, lite the
Chinese, Japanese and Malays, the
foot is not only aur organ of support
and progression, but also of prehen-
sion or grasping, tike the hand.
Man's foot, as au essential part of
his locomotive apparatus, sustains the
weight of his body while he walks, its
sole being well shaped for adaptation
to the inequalkties of the ground. In
the attitudes of sitting and lying down
the foot has an altogether acceesury
function, at least in the white race,
the instances where it serves for
grasping objects being quite exception-
al
According to the French investiga-
tor, Lannelongue, a point of departure
for functional transformation of a foot
is found in its century old adaptation
to special usages. That it may better
respond to its duties the Occidental
foot is enclosed in a rigid and narrow
shoe holding it mechanically in a form
that prevents its functional develop-
ment. hi the Far East, on the con-
trary, the foot is sometimes naked,
sometimes covered only by a forked
stocking, enabling the introduction of
a thong between the first and second
toe (as in Japan), sometimes covered
with a stocking in a shoe or a largo
cloth slipper (as in China),
Development of Pedal Powers.
Mr. Lannelongue examines the func-
tional modifications that the foot takes
on according to the preceding cir-
cumstances in the two principal atti-
tudes assumed by the human body in
the waking state—the crouching and
the vertical attitudes.
The crouching attitude is very fre-
quent in India, japan, Malaysia and
even in China. It offers three different
Positions. In one, the most ordinary,
the body sits on the heels, in the
second it sits on tate ground and in the
third it sits on nothing and remains
in the air.
In each of these attitudes the foot
is employed differently. Take the
case where the body sits on the
ground. The lower limbs, generally
much bent, are placed in front of the
body. the knees forth au angular pro-
tuberance and furnish a resting point
for the arms. This a favorite position
with the Hindoos, who sometimes
sleep in this attitude, and with the
Malays and many negroes. This posi-
tion approaches very closely that habi-
tually taken by apes.
The authority quoted has seen at
Tokyo in a theatre box a young man
of sixteen or seventeen years sitting'
with Itis feet grasping the railing as
if they were hands, the youth using
his right foot to scratch his left thigh
and knee. This he did by giving a
sidewise motion and a slight rotation
to his great toe.
In a second form of squatting the
trunk rests directly on the heels. This
is the familiar attitude of the Japan-
' ese at meals and in general when at
home. The foot acquires great supple-
ness and agility which enables it to
endure these attitudes a long time.
Furthermore, the great mobility of the
toes, particularly that of the great toe,
fits these organs to various functions,
from those that merely balance the
body to those that enable them to
grasp objects within their reach,
Can Rotate the Toes.
Finally, there is the squatting atti-
tude, wherein the body rests on noth-
ing at all but is held in tha air several
inches above the heels. This is rarer
than the other two types. It would ap-
pear to be a tiresome posture, al-
though those who use it do not find it
so, 10 relation to the independence
and the mobility of the toes among
Orientals. Lannelongue points out that
the big toe is separated from the
others, being besides able to execute
a slight rotatory movement, so that its
upper side turns a little downward.
The great toe thus becomes, like the
thumb. an organ serving to grasp ob-
jects, Even the little toe may also
move and rotate slightly. This has
been noticed in women who manipu-
late the paddle on sampans.
Whine walking the natives Ilse their
feet to scrape together on the ground
with dexterity and procission different
objects, leaves or fruits. They also
Correct Automobile Imbrication. I
Some maintain that any kind of
grease or cil, just so it goes by these'
names, will fill the hill for automobile
lubrication; those who use good)
judgment see the situation in an en
tirely different light. With the lat-
ts
tri class of people (hero is t uall y
less trouble with the ailing systems.)
The more capable the oil or grease,
is of reducing friction the morn pro-!
bable it is that tho lubricant is the!
right one to use. It is not good
economy to use poor grades o` badly
Prepared lubricants when the geed I
grades cost but little more and are
able to stand up unler severe condi-:
tions of heat end wear.
In the crankcase of a high-speed:
motor many strange things take
place. The temperature there is sure;
to increase on account of the explo-1
sions in the cylinder above. The oil
constantly splashes against the heti
sides of the cylinder walls and be -j
comes heated. The probable escape;
of hot gases past a weak spot in a.
cylinder piston ring to the case of oil
below also helps to heat the oil. Add
to this the churning process set up
by the tips of the connecting -rods,
and you can form a pretty good idea
of what the lubricating oil has to,
contend with. It constantly loses its
lubricating qualities and at the same
time accumulates fine particle; of
metal that are given off from the
bearings, etc. After a certain num-
ber of miles the contents sheer) be
drained off and fresh oil added.
The oil in the crankcase should be
of the grade recommended by the
maker of your car. Some auto own-
ers use the same grade of oil winter
and summer, and too often this is
ton thin or light in quality, We have
found after a very careful test with
our overheated valve Motor, Chet
rather heavy oil gives the very lies
results. Before this lee had 'fired th
lighter, cheaper nil, and carbo(
bothered a great deal nn nec0lltlt o
the light oil wonting past tete pistol
rings. The heavier nil cut down (11
rate of carbon formation and actual
ly helped compression in the cylind
ors, This is an important matter
The lighter oil cost only a little more
than half as much as the heavier
but the heavier more than paid fn
the difference ,in price. Some meter
NUMEROUS EROUS TYPES
11N PARADES
BRITISH SCIENTISTS COMMENT
ON OVERSEAS TROOPS.
a Difference in Stature and Coloring
Denote Australians, New Zen -
hinders and Cenadic ns,
1 Some who have watched the parades
1, of overseas troops have h'•.tneled 1110Yy
• deleclee the enkorgenee of national
types, says a Loudon (l'r.pateh. See-
- ilg large bodies of then it',tnl Atatralln
•1 Canada and Now ''Zealand in the max:.
is a tii0'erent thing from coning of
, equal numbers scattered ;u vale"(1)
r' places. It was the long sur, wren of
S faces which seemed 10 imprint nn the
are of, higher speed than others; the.
must be studied anti Forme judgmen
must be used in oiling them. Neve
overdo the heavy oiling by usin
heavier oil titan necessary.
The same general rule will bol
with all the other working parts o
a car. Some drivers and owners evil
use practically the same hard grease
they use on hinders, mowers and bug
gies. Never use axle grease in th
transmission box 0f your car. Neve
use it anywhere on the car; wago
.observer's brain 0 recognienbl0 mut-
t ensile photograph, as it were of the
r' Australian, Canadianturd New Sete
g' ]tender respectively,
Comparing impresslons, two 111'n
d.
who cherished this fancy ttgrce:l
f the Australian and Canadian types.
1 Australian, they told each other, was
s a fine fellow physically, and had a
- countenance which would look (veil on
o an old Roman coin, there being idiom
1' him a suggestion of bleakest nose and
n
and buggy axle grease is usually for
the lubrication of parts that do not
move Very rapidly,
Reliable makers of the soft an
heavy cup greases have had to figur
it all out carefully that a particula
kind of grease and oil is needed fo
the lubrication of automobiles. Ver
few if any reliable makers of auto
mobiles will ever recommend an
ancient imperialism, The Canadian,
on the other hand, was more English
in his traits, and but Inc a certain
breadth of feature Wright make an ex-
cellent Cockney. As for the New Zen-
o lander, one of the two observers had
✓ carried away an impression of slight -
✓ er and more agile stake, with a richer
y coloring, both in Taco and eyes, than
- either the Australian or the Catadie.n.
y
other kind of grease or oil than tha
which has been manufactured pur
posely for the lubrication of automo
biles, Pleat and speed have to b
considered; correct lubrication nits
take care of the car under the wors
conditions.
The second 1111111 denied that New Zen -
land had evolved t1 type; but, as he
- happened to be a Now Zealander hint-
- self, it might be argued that his por-
e ception was obscured by familiarity.
t Missed Chance to Gather Data,
pursue and catch mice alive. It is,
however, in certain special occupa-
tions that the use of the foot is impor-
tant and renders the workman more
skilful.
On the rivers, streams or canals
transportation and postal facilities de-
pend on the sampans. Women, as well
as men, operate then( all day and the
preltonsive foot renders their task
much easier. Every Chinese postman,
lying on his boat, steers with his
hands and rows with his toes. He
holds the oar strongly between tho
great toe and the others and gives a
vigorous motion to the boat by the
powerful action of the leg muscles.
With such people the foot is no
longer an exclusive organ serving to
support the body. It may, according
to the kind of life led by the owner,
accommodate itself to other functions
and become an organ of prehension
like a man's hand or mouth, the ele-
phant's trunk and the monkey's tail,
although it is infinitely less prehensile
than these latter organs.
Serving as an organ of locomotion,
the foot renders walking surer, easier
and, in difficult circumstances, less ex-
posed. As a grasping organ it gives
to its possessor—for example, to the
considerable population of fishermen
and boatmen—serious advantages in
the daily struggle of existence,
YOUTH AND AGE.
Opinions Differ as to the Best Period
of Human Life.
Which is the best age? Are we to
believe the professor who tells us tha
a man's hest work is done before he is
forty, or Robert Browning, who exalts
old age and cries, "Grow old along
with me—the best is yet to bel"
Childhood has a magic and a toys
tery which can never be regained. Out
of its imagination a child shapes its
own world and creates its own delights
in life.
Youth is the time when we find our
greatest physical expression. On
ideals take form, and we are neither
fettered by failures nor spoilt by suc-
cess. Normal youth believes it can
conquer all obstacles and achieve all
ends.
Maturity knows better. The man of
forty is balanced by experience, and
while his mental faculties should have
rtaclied their highest point of de-
velopntent physically he is not a back
number.
And what of Browning's old age?
Is the best yet to be? Perhaps. The
man it ho utas been a failure is near
the end of his earthly troubles, and
the man who has succeeded awaits,
with a sense of fulfilment, the next
great adventure,
Professor Keith, the eminent anthro-
pologist, who has recently Neon giving
us such interesting lessons from the
human skull, was asked whether this
empirical theory of types wa8 soundly
based. Though sympathetic, he was
not reassuring, being inclined to think
that if Englishmen and their overseas
t brethren were mingled in equal pro-
portions, it would be difficult, ie not
impossible, to distinguish between
them. Climatic conditions produced
superficial differences. The New Zea-
- leader's color, for example, might be
ascribed to the atmospherical sur-
roundings of his life at home; to the
same causes, indeed, whirh impart
the tinge to the Englishman's cheek,
and to which the English girl owes
Om
her complexion,
But science islso far from being dog-
matic on the question that it regrets
the opportunity afforded by the mass-
ed presence of so many members ,/f
the British fancily in England has
been lost owing to the immediate
necessities of war. Instructive data
might have been obtained If authority
had not been compelled to Pis its at-
tention cm more urgent natters. Even
ROW there rennins a chancey of secur-
ing details, of the hind of whiell
science can pay attention, before tate
great battalions are broken up for-
ever. Meanwhile, from the seientiiic
point of view, we must be cautieue of
talking of types, lest we be ntisl",l by
the multitude of details which are apt
to lead observation astray.
Can We Control the Weather
Experts declare that the Great War
has definitely proved the fact that gun-
fire has absolutely no effect in caus-
ing rain; yet, for all that. there are
mane who believe that elan -made ex-
plosions can affect the weather, and
that, consequently, we shall in the end
learn to make rain when and where
we want it.
Tiley instance the fact that violent
rain always follows big volcanic ex-
plosions, When Krakatoa blow up
there were deluges of rain over thou-
sands of square miles. The same
thing happened during the outburst of
Mont Pelee, in the West Indies, and
during the last big eruption of Vesu-
vius.
Even when quite a small volcano
like Mont Lassen erupted there were
heavy thunderstorms and rain.
Volcanic outbursts flung fine dust
high into the air, It is so fine that
you may find four thousand million
particles in a cuble inch. Each of
these little particles furnishes a nue,
leus of centre for a raindrop. And so,
say some folk, comes the rain.
But this does not quite fit in. If
dust causes rail, it ought to be al-
ways raining over London and every
big city which constantly pours smoke
into the air.
Yet, as a matter of fact, London's
rainfall is very small, so the dust
theory fails badly.
No; the fact seems to be that there
are electric influences at work in the
staking of every shower of rain. Also,
it seems to bo necessary to have an
inrush of cold air.
Some year's ago an American wrote
a book called "War and Weather,"
which induced the Hulled States Gov-
ernment to vote :$10,000 for expert-
menta in producing rant by the use of
high explosives.
Although these experiments failed,
there are many scientifc sten who
fully believe that lean will eventually
learn the great secret of controlling
the weather.
Then wo can have weather to order,
the great drawbacks being that, as
now, it will be impossible to please
everybody.
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�tY
0
THE FUTURE OF BRAZIL.
A Country of Vaat Resources and Cap-
able of Wonderful Development,
Brazil today 11103- he regarded as
one of the Most interesting cnuntriee
I in the world. • It is nearly ns 1: ego as
Canada, its area being five-slxtlis as
large as the whole of Eurcq:e,
It is a country of the future—e.. t rr-
titnry almost virgin, (1 ieecril:tallly
rich and susceptible of e. wonderful de-
velopment, Nowhere else. does Cul
coffee tree. beer so bountifully, pro -
clueing four titles the Weight of fruit
yielded by the plant in Mexico, Cot-
ton and sugar -cane grow like weed,.
Rubber and the chocnitic' bean are al-
ready • exported in vast gnnnlitics.
Fruits aro or almost infinite variety.
A catalogue has been cnutpiteil at' 22,-
000 species of wood (sumo of theta the
most benetifu1 in the world) found i:1
the valley of the Ameeem alone.
Brazil Is the home of many ne.tive
tribes that are tate 11::lteeest l:eople in
the world. Such dress ns they near -
is for ornament—the bright feathers
of parrots and macaws, iridescent bee-
tles' wiegs for necklaces, end the like.
Many of them are minifi:dls, hunting
sten for moat. They distend their ear-
lobes and Bps- with huge plugs of wood
or bone. Some of theta are fairly am-
phibious, living most of their lives in
dugout Ca13aCs,
In point of volume the Amazon is by
far the largest -river in the world. its
mouth, 130 miles wide, le a giglutic
estuary with many arms, and (oltLtin-
ing one island, Ma'ujo, that is 200
utiles in length and 825 stilet bleat).
At one point, the Strait of Pauxis, the
stream is more than a quarter of ac
mile deep. Many of its affluents aro
themselves great rivers. Solve of then)
have clear waters; others (like the
Rio Negro) have "black" waters, lis'
•colored by resinous substant.cs frons
coniferous foreste, and yet others (like
the Xingu) have blue waters.
We do not travel as those who
have no hope, for we know, -though
we cannot see it, that at, the top of
the mountain the sun is shining on
a o'leangr•, fairer, 'better i4'Ul'l'1 ,, t•'•--•
Nellie leleCluitg.
Noe
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