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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1919-4-24, Page 3old, RESOURCES OF ry NORT1 ERN A ; ERTA SITUATION IN WESTERN CANADA IS PROMISING. Interesting Facts and Statistics With Respect to Production and Consume ptlon of Petroleum Products. Up to the ,present tine, oil in con- siderable quantities has not been found in Western Canada. Respecting the possibility that petroleum will be discovered, Particularly in the Viking area and the Peace and Athabaska valleys, the situation may be summed up as very promising. A small quantity of dark oil obtain- ed in one of the wells la the Viking gas -field Is an encouraging indication, and oil has also been found in the Pelican Rapids gas -well, Seepages of oil have been found near Waterton lake in southwestern Alberta, and in the Flathead valley in southeastern British Colunbia, In northern Alberta there are en- ormous tar seepages which evidence an upwelling of petroleum unequalled elsewhere in the world. ,Along the Athabaska river, they extend from Pelican rapids to Fort McKay, a dis- tance of over 100 miles, •The known occurrences indicate that there is in sight at least 6%e cubic miles of bitu- men, and the petroleum from which it was derived must have been many times greater. White 1111s enormous amount of petroleum has escaped, there umst be untapped reservoirs In the Devonian limestones whence it was derived. Similar seepages occur near the Peace and Mackenzie rivers. The Wells at Peace River Landing. Near Peace River Landing, oil has been found in two wells, 900 and 1,100 feet deep, respectively. The first well is reported to.have yielded 3 to 4 bbls. per clay when oil was struck in the upper portion of the tar sands and to have had a maximum produc- tion of about 9 bbls. Drilling, how- ever, was continued through the tar sands, which are about 80 feet in thickness at this point, and a heavy flow of water and gas was struck im- mediately below the sands. Tho Second well Is in the tar sands and is reported to be yielding about 25 bbls, per day. The Mid -West, 3,200 feet deep, and the Acme, 3,300 feet, also in the Sheep Creek district, aro reported to have struck oil. As "commercial" gasolene is 60 deg. to 63 deg. B., the oil produced by the Calgary Petroleum Products, Canada Southern, Alberta Southern and Southern Alberta companies approxi- mates to the fuel ordinarily marketed as "gasolene." In the year ending March 31, 1917, we imported into Western Canada, for fuel purposes, 95,693,497 gallons of pe- troleum, valued at $2,738,555. For re- fining, we imported. in the same year, 35,813,717 gallons, valued at 31,040,- 047. Tho discovery of extensive oil- flelds in Alberta and Saskatchewan would retain in Canada at least 33,- 750,000 which wo aro now paying for petroleum importations and an ad- ditional $1,250,000 paid,.for petroleum products, such as gasolene and kero- sene, or, in all, $5,000,000. In 191?, 312,000 gallons of gasolene and kerosene were recovered from Al- berta crude oils. Presumably, part of this production was from petroleum produced during 1916, During 1917, the production of crude petroleum in Alberta amounted to 8,600 bbls., or 297,600 Itnp, gallons. MAKING GLASS EYES. Represents the Highest Development of the Glassblowers' Skill. An extraordinary demand for glass eyes has arisen since the war because of the frequent loss of sight among the soldiers at the front. Germany has been the amain source ofsupply, but it is no longer available. Making artificial eyes is an art that repre. ,tents the highest development of the fylassblower's skill. The beginning of the artificial eye ill a small glass tube with a bulb in the middle, The workman cuts off one end and seals the opening with the blow -Ape, leaving a hollow bum on the enu1 of a tube. He caii then en- large the bulb as he pleases by grad- ually blowing luto the tube, That he docs at intervals, while applying melted glass of different colors to the end of the bulb. First, ho puts on a. circular spot of blue or brown foro the iris, and in the centre adds a black dot for the pupil. By artistic manipulation he counter - felts the delicate effects of coloration observed in the human eye, He adds special glass to imitate its peculiar 'whitish opacity, and oven reproduces the little red veins, ' During all these processes he keeps the bulb and the tube hot and soft. Finally, Ile cuts oft the front half of the bulb with sharp seissors. This half is the all -but -finished eye; it re- ties quires only to have its edges made smooth. The 9o -called Montessori system of eeehin3iChildren originated with Vine. Maria Montessori, an Italian teacher, who .is still engagedsin the work. She began by teaching defec- tive children,' but extended herys•� tem to normal ones. It is based on the idea of individual development largely through the physical senses and discarding what i9 sometimes Balled the "rotoil system, EE Your Name DON'T MISS THIS OPPORf U PHTY 11'e make thle 1"111:10 OFFER in order that every Amateur 1'hot ,grapier me have the opportunity to roe 111" Inc re. suite we o'uduce In Developing and l'rlating. WA will Develop for you, absolutely FREE of ehult,e,.,0m+ troll of him fluty size) and make a, lunatic print from one of the expoea ',neared and return them to you 1 ;l7stitl. Shindy rut out this advertisement and Figlt your nouns and address In the epnee below, 111.1, moll 1t i, us with y-011' roll. of 111m lee (pully addressed on the wrap- ping pallor) uu 1 we will do the rest, 'rids nifer it, gond until May 15th, 1910. so cut out this advertisement ut once, i We :nuke Largo Pictures from little Snapshots. if you will send us nue of your favor-' ite Mints with 46 cents wa will make for Stu a fine 1116 large picture. . J. WM rE & Co. 80'RICHMOND ST. EAST, TORONTO Tho Largest Photo Finishing Plant is Canada Al,dreas WORK ON ST. PAUL'S IN PRIMARY STAGE PRESERVATION OPERATIONS REVEAL BUILDING FACTS Arch is of Burford Stone—Numerous Carved Capitals Not Original Piers by Wren. During the war a work of the first importance has been going forward on the fabric of St, Paul's Cathedral. The fears of those experts who were of opinion, a few years agp, that a very serious task awaited the repair- ers have been more thanjustified; and in particular, the south transept has been discovered to be in so shat- tered a condition that the cement used to strengthen and solidify the walls has found its way out, in sev- eral cases into the streets and gar- dens beyond. This article by Mer- vyn E. Macartney,' however, deals with the completion of the repairs to the southwest pier of the dome, which marks a primary stage in the work of restoration at St. Paul's. Now \that the boarding has been removed it is possible for any one to observe the extent of what has been virtually the rebuilding of this vital support of the dome. The whiteness of the substituted stones shows distinctly how the 3000 cubic feet of new masonry has been insert- ed. It has only been possible to carry out this work by using the greatest care to avoid, disturbance of the enormous weight of 8000 tons which it is calculated that each pier carries. Any sudden withdrawal of large extent of support night have involved most serious dislocation of pressure and created an alarming condition of affairs. It says a great deal for the care and efficient workmanship of the artificers, contractors, and expert ad- visers that no perceptible settlement has occurred during the progress of the work. It would be untrue to say that no feelings of alarm have ex- isted while these operations have been procedfng. But, fortunately, so much diligence has been exercised that no untoward accident has marked the steady march of restoration during the four or five years that have elap- sed since the work was begun. Interesting Facts Discovered. Many interesting facts have come to light, such as that the main stone on which the two arches pitch prov- ed to be a huge block of Burford stone and not Portland which Wren employed in this pier. This stone was cracked right through, Wo know that great difficulties beset the build- ers ,in obtaining large stones, and evidently this block was utilized be- causethere a was no other of that a scantling available from Portland, Its dimensions were five feet by six feet by two feet three inches. To replace it being impossible, the shattered portions, weighing four and a half tons, were removed, .and as large a piece of Portland ,inserted as was practicable, which, gouted in cement, has made a sound base at this point. Another discovery was the fact that a. groat many of the carv- ed capitals were not the originals, but poor copies insecurely fixed to the stone behind them by cramps, dowels, and lead. In many cases so badly had they been fixed that they fell off on the slightest attempt to examine them. Although no positive evidence exists to show when they were executed, we may assume that they were of later date than Wren's building. No work of such a "shod- dy" description would have been pas- sed by Wren or Hawksmoor. When the full weight of the dome came on the piers it caused serious satterings of the stone walling, and it clearly went on during the first half of the eighteenth century, as the rubble filling of the piers dried and became compressed. The core or rubble filling is not of uniform quality. A great deal of the mortar was matte with a lime obtained by burning chalk lime, or shells. Had Wren used even a poorly hydraulic lime he would have had a much more satisfactory agglo- merate. Considering the extraordin- ary aptitude of this genius for ex- periments, more particularly in chem- istry, one .is lost in wonder that he should have used such a poor cement, especially as he was always lauding the "fine Roman manner" and meant himself to "build for eternity." That he was imposed upon by some of the contractors is likely; we know that there were eight••,or nine, not all of then of the same excellence as the Strongs. For instance, in the con- struction of the S. E. pier the work is not nearly as good as that of the S. W. pier; the mortar is worse and the masonry of a very .inferior char- acter. Method of Consttruction. To improve the power of resistance of the falling in the S, W. pier the method was employed of solidifying by liquid grout. By this means it is believed that in addition to the two feet of • reliable stonework on each side of the pier, we have consolidated at least an extra six inches of the core and possibly one foot. Taking a mean of nine inches, this means that the reconstituted work on the pier represents about half of the sectional area of the pier (i.e., two feet on each face equals four feet, and nine inches of grouted core on each face equals one foot six .inches—total, five feet six inches out of nine feet six inches). Anothe,e discovery was the method of construction of the building. The piers were built up with setoffs—that is to say, the masonry was reduced in area as the work gained height. The foundations were set .in a bed of very hard clay and consist of two layers of stone each two feet thick and spreading out four feet, all round the crypt -piers. The piers in the crypt are set back—i.e., reduced from this to sixteen feet by twenty-two feet. This size is carried up to the impost or molding from which the vaulting of the crypt starts. We discovered that at this point—i.e., the level of the impost—the piers were set back or reduced two feet. They then con- tinued perpendicularly till within two feet of the floor of the church, At that point they went back to the face of the pier. The Rev, R. S. Mylne, a great- grandson of Robert Mylne, a surveyor of the Cathedral from 1765.1821 and a member of a family of masons for several generations, said ho had de- posited the accounts connected- with St, Paul's left him by his ancestor in the library at Lambeth Palace, 'We learn from them that there had been serious destruction of the stone worn and that it had been covered up rtw gwrns^.::31E: 2: :,..,. 111KM :OtISM.t Sold at the same fair price as before the war. STU Its fine flavor appeals to tea -and coffee drinkers. A rich,e d II htful drink that provides real eco t i only. Abu a Bit or Waste e in an unsatisfactory way. Owing to the faulty system of repair, it was de. terminer] to carry out a complete re- sto'atinn ;theut 1781 alld to close the Cathedral for nearly two years. Mylne seellt1 to have steed a large amount of tet.. _... stone. veneer in. Ills repairs and oleo Iron clumps. Owing t0 the formation of rust soine of the masonry has cranked and split in all directions, We have removed every iron cramp and dowel so as to safeguard the Public from all danger Of falling stone 119 far as this Bier ie concerned, These papers of Mylne refer to some of the works carried out, such as the iron bands forged by "ships anchor smiths" and the "compensation" worked on the Ineltlinge and on the main cornice level to disguise the settlements over the four arches of the transept. Evi- this dencday. es e.2 these works aro there to THE TRAMP'S RETURN. Now That the War Has Ended the Road Merchant Again Appears. One of the signs of demobilization is the return of the tramp. During the war there has been a very notice- able absence of these road merchants, with their fluttering rags, their venti- lated footgear, their "shocking bad" hats, and their unshaven jowls, The casual ward is the Mecca of the tramp. It is hie dormitory, for which he snakes like a homing pigeon, though with much leas celerity. He is always on his way there. When he meets a "toff" he begs; when he gots an easy chance he steals. But the tramp is universal, cosmo- politan. The American tramp goes very far afield. The trans -continental lines know him. fie boards the train out In the unknown, and when he has travelled a few hundred miles, and got a change of scene, ho drops o&, and resumes his walk. The Australian variety of tramp is known as a sundowner, because he "blows in" when the orb of day is westering. o SUFFERING CATS! GIVE THIS MAN THE GOLD MEDAL O 0 0 Lot folks step on your feet hereafter; wear shoes a size smaller if you like, for corns will never again send electric sparks of pain through you, according to this Cincinnati authority. He says that a few drops of a drug called freezone, applied directly upon a tender, aching corn, instantly re- lieves soreness, and soon the entire corn, root and all, lifts right out.. This drug is a sticky ether com- pound, but dries at once and simply shrivels up the corn without inflaming or even irritating the surrounding tissue. It is claimed that a quarter of an ounce of freezone obtained at any drug store will cost very little but is suffi- cient to remove every hard or soft Dorn or callus from one's feet. Cut this out, especially if you are a woman reader who wears high heels. WHEN HUNS SAY GOOD-BYE. Their Farewell Letter to British Pris- oners of War. Craftiness and stupidity, so strange- ly mixed in all German propaganda, is once more evident in a farewell docu- ment issued to prisoners about to leave Germany. No cooing dove could voice itself more softly than the Ger- man authorities in their plea that the prisoners return to their homes with kind feelings towards their captors. So barbarous has been Germany's treatment of prisoners that some ob- servers aro justly enraged at this at- tempt to wheedle sympathy and gen- tle dealing for the vanquished foe at the Peace Conference. The document given to departing prisoners is re- published by the Loudon Westminster Gazette, which says that "as an ex- ample of effrontery to men who have rt bitter experience the true learned ed b Y. 1 nature of the German it would be hard to parallel," It is called "A Parting Word," and begins as follows: "Gentlemen, the war is over! A little while and you will see your na- tive land again, your homes, your loved ones, your friends When you are already united to your familios, thousauds of our country. Men will still be pining in far-off Prison camps with hearts as hungry for home as yours. "You have suffered in confinement— as who would not? Your situation has been a difficult one. Our own has been desperate. Our country block- aded, our civil population and army suffering from want of sufficient food and materials, the enormous demands made upon our harassed land from every side—these and many other af- flictiou.s 1nlftle it impossible to do all that we should have lilted to do. Un- der the circumstances we did our best to lessen the hardships of your lot, to insure your comfort, to provide yon with pastime employment, mental and bodily recreation, It is not likely that you will over know how difficult our ciro11metan00s have been." With square -head cituns1ii es the authorities go on to admit that "er- rors have been committed, and that there have been hardships for which the formed' system was to blame." There have been "wrongs anti evils on both sides," it is touchingly confessed, and "we hope that you will always of that—and be usl. To >1'o' think j 1 teed: "You entered the old Empire of Ger- many; you leave the 'new Repitblio —the newest, and, as we hope to maks 1t, the ;meet land ht the world." The Latest Designs The Directoire influence is felt in this coat with the high waistline and deep gathered cutis. McCall Pat- tern No, 8850, Ladies' Coat. In 6 sizes, 34 to 44 bust. Price, 25 cents. No. 8829, Ladies' Straight Skirt. Ir 6 sizes, 22 to 32 waist. Price, 20 cents. A becoming frock is this unusual creation which is developed in flower- ed challis, that material that bids fair to be popular for summer wear. McCall Pattern No. 8801, Ladies' Dress. In 6 sizes, 84 to 44 bust. Price, 25 cents. The"se -patterns may be obtained from your local McCall dealer or from the McCall Co., '70 Bond St., Toronto, Dept. W. gSmard'I Liniment for sale everywhere, April. April greets us with a smile Only for a little while. Pretty soon she'll drop a tear, Yet we're glad that she is here. Smiles and teat's win back the flowers That will charm through summer hours; Make the grass put on its green; Coax a thick and Leafy screen For the birds to nest and woo; Send the brooks a -dancing, too. Coy, uncertain, full of wiles, Often chary of her smiles, April trips along the way Decking earth in bright array. 0G I consider MINARD'S LINIMENT the BEST Liniment in use. I got my foot badly jammed lately. I bathed it well with MINARD'S LINI- MENT, and it was as well as ever next day, Yours very truly, T. G. McMULLI:N, To -Day We I 1 Old -World whohave owed the Old old K Spell, The glamour of ancient things,. Poetry stored in lands afar, Majesty crowning kings, Rained castle and ivied moat, Armour anti blunderbuss, Blazoned scutchoon and jeweled shrine,— What are they now to us? Dead ie the past of yesterday Like the past of a thousand years; Gone the beauty of outworn things, The horror of bygone fears. Life! Life unseals our Oyes! These aro the wonderful days, Glory beams frolic humble souls, Treading familiar ways, Proven valor of poor and weak,— Not by a fairy talo; Golden legends aro daily news, Christendom does not fail. The mighty are fallen, the proud as- hamed, Force is bowed in the dust. But heroes march i11 the rank and file, And the meek iloldI power in trust, When was the beautiful world so strange, Or ever romance eo rife? With an undreamed Future --ours to anould From the marvelous gift of Lite. Potatoes Laid in shallow fiats in a sunny part of the basement or house sand out sprouts, which, if carefully handled when the potatoes aro cut and planted, will give potatoes earlier than those not started, lltfnardv rAstimeat Cares Daaf4'nit, Flt®M HERE &THERE S By His. Letters. "Where's your uncle, Tommy?" "in France," "What is he doing?" "I thine he has charge of the war." Mathematics. "One, two, three, four; one, two, three, four---" yelled the drill ser- geant. "My goodness me," said the sweet little thing, "do they really have to teach those ignorant mechanics how to count up to lour?" Noble Mariners. Miss Softleigh (watching revolving light of the lighthouse) --"How patient sailors arel" - Coast Guard—"How, indeed?" Miss Softleigh—"They must be. The wind has blown out the light six times and they still keep lighting it again," What the Cow Does. Teacher (of a class chiefly of for- eigners): "What are oxen?" The children looked blank. "Does anyone know what a cow is?' A dingy hand waved wildly at the back of the room. "We11,0Johnny," the teacher said, smiling, "tell us please." "A cow," answered Solinny, "she lays milk." Knowledge Goin- g to Waste. A man who was travelling In the mountains stopped at a cabin and asked for a drink of water. An old woman brought it out to him, and af- ter drinking he had quite a .talk with her, telling her great stories about some of the wonders he had seen in the outside world. Finally, when he stopped to take breath, the old wo- man took her pipe out of her mouth and said: "Stranger, if I knowed as much as you do I'd go some'ere and start a little grocery." Shocking. An elderly lady of very prim and severe aspect was seated next a young couple, who were discussing the merits of their motorcars. "What color is your body?" asked the young man of the girl at his side, meaning of course, the body of her motor, "Oh, mine is pink. What is yours?" "Mine," replied the man, "is brown with wide yellow stripes." This was too much for the old lady Rising from the table, she exclaimed: "When young people come to asking each other the color of their bodies at a dinner party it is time I left the room." Llinard'o Liniment Cures Burns. Eta. Sailors' Sixth Sense. Sailors have a curious way of know- ing when their ship is approaching land. They go to Mother Nature for their knowledge. If you are on the ship they may ask you to feel the deck, which is wet with dew. Even though the stars are shining clearly and the sea is absolutely smooth, the deck seems as though water had been pour- ed across it. The sailor will then in - terra you that dew is never to be found more than thirty miles from lapd, so the dew is a good indication. MONEY ORDERS. It is always safe to send a Dominion Express Money Order. Five Dollars costs three cents. The total number of men, women and children killed in Paris by air raids and the shelling by "Big Ber- tha" was 522. By a curious coinci- dence the total number killed by air raids in the London Metropolitan olitan area a,0 l9numbered 5..n 2. GIRLS! INBG(F\I ANO BEAUTIFY YOUR HAIR A'R STOP DANDRUFF Try this! Your hair gets wavy, glossy and abundant at once. To be possessed of a head of heavy, beautiful hair: soft, lustrous, MIRY, wavy and free from dandruff is mete• ly amatter of using a little Danderine. It is easy and inexpensive to have nice, soft hair and lots of it. Just get a small bottle of Mnowiton's Dan- derine now for a few cents --a11 drug stores recommend it --apply a little as directed and within ten minutes there will be an appearance of abundance, freshness, fluffiness and an incompar- able gloss and lustre, and try as you will you cannot find a trace of dand- ruff or falling hair; but your real sur- prise will be after about two weeks' use, when you will see new hair -fine and downy at first—yes—but really new hair—sprouting out all, over your scalp—Danderine is, wo believe, the only surae hair grower, destroyer of dandruff and mire for itchy scalp and it 'never falls to stop failing hair at once. If you want to prove how pretty and softo Y to hel` `sally is, moisten a cloth with a little Danclerine and carefully c11'aw it through your hall.' --taking ono small strand at a time. Your Muir will be soft, glossy and beautiful in just a' tow moments—e, delightful surprise awaits dvel'yone who tries this. t+, LIVE F1D, powzpEY waxaw 11e, Ai:y Or vPIpouONS AND pa T Write for Prices. 'I, '�Velnrauoh Kona Xv-10 St, Jean Baptiste Markett 34001+1 real, Que. NURSES, '1 »o rFtb1•0s T ARN 516 To 525-A WEAK. Lfor ficin booklet. leaving home. hCo lege Send Science Dept. 46, Toronto, Canada, rola BaLC WEDI. EQUIPPED NEWSPAPER and lob minting plant In Eastern Ontario, Insurance carried 51,600. WIU 80 for 81.300 on oulek sale. Box le. Wilton Publishing en, Ltd. Toronto., REKLY NEWSPAPER FOR 3A0151 In New Ontario. -Owner going to France Will .eli 02.000. Worth double that amount Appli J, R., cin Wli.oa Publishing Co., Limited, Toronto. NESOELL*NEowe CANCEK, TUMORS. LUMPS, ETC.. internal and external cured with- out pain by our home treatment Writs W before too late. Dr, Bellmaa Modiowt Co., Limited, Collingwooe, Ont CURE YOUR BRONCHITIS, 000130HS, COLDS, BfiON0IiI&L ASTHMA AND oL SENnse AS WE CURED OURS. We have hundreds of testi- Menials from every part of Canada 0e9- tIfying 10 tate wonderful healing pPower of WHITE BRONCHITZs PLIXTURE. Air. Clarke. 170 Indian Road, Toronto. coughed for 36 years with Bronchitis; It cured him. Mrs. Clarke, No.1 Yorkville Ave., Toronto• coughed for 16 Years; one bottle cured her. John E. Gibbs. Fenella, suffered fifteen years with Bronchial Asthma. says there is nothing like it. W. Mclirayne, New Liskeard, It is the greatest Mixture I ever took. Send me three more bottles." The above are only a few names of the many thous- ands that have benefited by this great mixture. Write any 00 the above. They will be only too pleased to tell you more about it. The above mixture is sold An - der an iron bound money back guarantee to cure any of the above ailments. Ten times more powerful than any known preparation, arts like magic. One 4080 gives instant relief and a good night's rest without a cough. Price 60 cents. 16 cents extra for mailing. Three bot- tles malted free for 51.60. Sold only by Buckley, The Druggist, 97 Dundas St East Toronto. A Helpful Thought. But the nearer the dawn the darker the night, .And by going wrong all things come right; Things have been mended that were worse, And the worse, the nearer they are to mend. —Longfellow* Mlaard'. Linitaent Eeltevee NeurallEl , 4 Canada's New Marine Fleet. A new feature of the forthcoming navigation season will be the appear. ance on the St. Lawrence of the Cana- dian Government's mercantile marine, of which by the end of the summer there will be thirty freight steam- ships, No English king had ever passed under Napoleon's Arc de Triomphe until King George's recent visit to Paris. DARTING, PIERCING SCIATIC PAINS Give way before the pene- trating effects of Sloan's Liniment So do those rheumatic twinges and the loin -aches of lumbago, the nerve - inflammation of neuritis, the wry neck, the joint wrench, the ligament sprain, the muscle strain, and the throbbing bruise, The ease of applying, the quickness of relief, the positive results, the cleanliness, and the economy of Sloan's Liniment make it universally preferred. Made in Canada. NOo.. LOc, ;120. 10558•3;10.2.3.4.4.249=i0421SID0a� A Kidney Remedy Kidney troubles are frequently caused by badly digested food which overtakes these organs to eliminate the Irritant acids 8 formed. Help your stomach to properly digest the food by it t ening 15:to 30 drops of batt -set of Roots, sold as Mentor Stigel's Curative Syrup, and your kidney disorder will promptly dis- appear. riot the genuine. 7 Cuiicura Helps Gear Away Dandruff and Irritation On retiring, comb the imir out straight then etotteentfgeCutcm0letmntwit hd of finger, Anoint additional partings until, the whole scabs has beentr ated, Placa all ht coveringover the hair to rotect the eelowfrom abatable stain. Thoext morning shampoo with Cutieuro Sent a611 Ilot water, using plenty of seep, hest applied with the hands, Rinse iii tepid, water. ]Repeat in two weeps if needed.' C,ut!cura beep,�Olntmant and Talettut 28c, each plus onedion dmtl.o. LD, 7. lSSUli:16 -'