HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1919-1-30, Page 2SPITSBERGEN AS A
Solitude for Meditation.
What a pity it would be to insult
the French nation by having this
pLAcE oF E false neophet :spend the remaining
remaining years of has life at St.
Helena: lompecially when he failed to
duphente to oily degree of accuracy
the ashiesentems fled have been so
many yoars tend and admired by (ho
elviliaed wold. For elle, of the arid-
tratore tho petwe confeveime to
eVII Eii e. of giving this falee imi-
$11 1111111E HOME FOR
• THE EX,IS AISER.
An Inenfitittited !eland. 111 the Arctic
°teem Siteeted .:ebent 1.200
Miles From Letralon.
Tbere is a pre -sale -et eolpion among
the limited Itietoriend writecs and pro- •
feesees wi u 13 V8 beem making a spe-
ciel stedy or inteveatioeal lase that
the ono trt.ul oely tele cc. ointern fee
1.1.-nieie•, ;or all future tlee, le on 11
1*181 ir the Aretio 1,..ease.uo
„,.. . .
e,e,..11.1 be the reoet, ettemplified act of
follatee.. It wot!11 1 enough to 111310
1;3017'.1 iii grr.ve, take 010
!vole mei !vise to meet him for just
one meet, defeat.
Bet: te i0 '1t1 to Spitsbergen. The
ittet that tho is void of legal
e.eidetwhei.mtent is of sefileient proof
tem feesess !Seises should bo ins
tereel on !!.. eitenos 'rec the --est of
bergea. Tnis iernse. Ceee L•psinee
The !shied of Selt-berst o itua •:' %1-4 1:81,• bed:to 1 hie
adapily tate 18'4 the ebed opot for
the forever German tea on et,eieee.
of the ewing lee -Atte: It 1 4 edu.
ate1 weil no in tie, Arctic region,
uheee no va0 lett n eriminai wettid
fhb+. ter havitio: to lutleitate, It is,
accord:el.! te
1118111 it meeeeremente,
000 miles frein the Merman coast,
under Reeeien 1.101n!llati011, on the
borders of the North Sea, and of c':0 -
till ininerteeve, beenuee it ',vas -erseet
this coteet thet the Allied end Am-
erican- t, 8:i'-1 veldeeted unusted etre-
' tegleal vietories over their eenidiey
enemy. And to do n lit le mere sno
ile. it may be well t, tenni that thio
mo,,Lted island 15 -3.17,ten.,1 about
1;200 rtid:e from Leedom
Seitedeten is 10,1-,y9 I,e11:1 with
an "e," and be sere or this. Should
you perei,tt in spelIi‘er It with a
then you here a tendeney to give the
netile somewhat or a t1erman 3080.e.
which is, not ot all desired at the
peesent time. So envoys remember
that Spitsbergen is to be given the
former spelling mei not the hitter.
British Seed Industry.
About three hundred years ego the
Dutch are supposed to have discover
ed this island in the Arctic region
and were impressed that they were
the rightful ownees, due to legal right
of discovery. But the British have
taken, another stand in the matter.
They, by right of occupation or utili-
zation, having taken upon themselves
to carry on a seal industry off the
coast of this barren island, are also
of the impressien that they are the
legitimate pmm.ssors of this island.
Consequently. the British have planted
their emblem ever its shores and ex-
pect to retain the title. The United
States had as good a ehance as her
English 101111115 in claiming' posses-
sion of Spitsbergen, but is said to
have released her sole right of carry-
ing on a seal industry and milling
operations when a well known Am-
erican firm sold out to some Dutch
traders and Scandinavian explorers.
Nevertheless, irrespective of who-
ever is master of the domicile -
whether England, the United States,
Holland or the Seandinavian rulers
who are going to aek for the right of
way in the future ---there is one sure.
thing, and that is, Germany will have
no chance bartering for a title. Eng-
land has blocked that scheme.
One may ftek, what is the idea of
sending this tyrant to such a far-off
place in the cold north? And the
answers are new, but weighty. Every
one has been given an opportunity of
shipping "Old Bill" to a remote re-
gion 1.0 order to keep him from con-
taminating civilization any longer.
But • no one lute figured on such an
ideal place as Spitebergen, bemuse it
is the only ateetch of land that rec-
ognizes no law whatsoever, and up to
the present thug no nation has at-
tempted to even inquire whether the
old Roman study of natural law is
prevalent. This island is void of
humanity, so to speak, •and friend Bill
would be given an opatunity of di-
vulging his pesky ideato /to one but
the birds of the air and the beasts
on the snow-capped peaks. What a
worelerful thence he would have to
deliberate over his four yeare of de-
bauchery, black treachery and crimin-
ality? It seems as Hume' the one-
time tyrant, could enjey six months of
Midnight Learning, possibly awaken-
ing with the false hope of another
woeld-wide pursuit of murder and il-
legitimate mime, 00131 to be confront -
with a 'forlorn look over the wide
span of salt water that encirclethe
snores of the ieland known at the
dead Aretie.
AIRPLANES AND
FOREST PROTECTION
FL"rtitE or AIRCR FT AS AIDS
T() FOREST vATuoLs
Improved Methods of Communication
and of Transporting Fire -Fighters
Important in Checking Fires.
With the cessation of hostilities
over:was, the development of peace-
time uses of the airplaae has bcome
a live subject, Phieh ie receiving con-
siderable attention. Araong the to
under vonsieleteeitm is that of forest
tire patrol, Expeiiments previeusly
edected311 W1e.e0.4 in confirm the
ootnions :see, e el 1 y returned
1 1,10" 1133 ;11,, felee ;Isete-0ti0ne 1,4 that t1a13 1.; 11 1113441 11011 12
V HrTil(lit this diree-
e.,1„n h., 81811133 he British Coltuffitia Foreet
S o-
11' e-3 0''l '-1 trret 7.• or eau- 1 iee leceerne sem:ince:1 thiritg the past
, the!! 1,o e-hele e!oar. of fle, i'eoeibilite• of airplane
indee„.1 „, r er et 'eye then eairel for forest fire e, and leased a
flying. boat -ice 117,,pr: the eeten-
eive cornet line of thet 1100031e. The!
in:whine was, howevee, aeeidentally
wrecked befoee it lied had an opper-
tunity to 311'1,1, nsteale Ile value. It is
• undereteod that ti.e 'experiment is to
he vontimked during the seeson of
19 19.
•
Tho co-operative :forest proteetive
es eoein thin!! netteliec. ender the
Imelon•hip of the St. Mauriee
Ao-
0111110. are also undertaking to ar-
Sor eateol by (1:. n: beet, or
airplane, to dievoer fires in Aeeocia-
tion territory in that province,
Work for Canadian Air Force.
Shnilarle, the matter has been
• brought to the attention of the. Cana-
.11en .Air Fereerhkh is in a pecul-
iariy fseerenie noeitien to make ex-
periment:4 along these line13 to demon -
:trete. the eet-nt to which, and the
emeditions under which, the airplane
- may be used advantageously in forest
proteetion worn. The matter is one
of such wide nationel interest that
the cooperation of Dominion agencies
in this direction would be fully justi-
fied.
It inust be borne in mind, however,
' that such n patrol will involve eon-
! siderable expense for maintenance of
• machines and salaries of staff, that
patrol by men on the ground can still
by no means he dispensed with, ply-
] ticularly in the settled dietricts, and
that the mer discovery of fires, how -
1 ever prompt. loses much of its value
; unless adequate provision is made for
getting men quickly to the scene, wheii
! a fire is discovered. This implies
iraprovements in communication and
transpos'tfltion 08 11 par witil the 'm
provement in the discovery of fires
eesultipg from the use of aircraft.
Presumably, it will be a matter of
development of the elm or less dis-
tant future, before ordinary gangs of
fi • fi 1 t be t rted to
forest fires by airplane. In the mean-
time, the opening up of the county
by construction of roads, trails and
portages, and the purchase of 1aunch-
es, automobiles, track motors and
portable fire -fighting pumps, will be
in order. Improved communication is
also necessary, whether by wireless
telegraph, or by ordinary or wireless
telephone. Improved appliances along
these lines, developed at the front,
should prove of great value in forest
lire t
New Industry for Aircraft.
During the war the airplane has
proved of incalculable value in the
preparation of maps by photography.
Similarly, it will also prove of great
utility in mapping drainage and for-
est 'types in the vast unsurveyed and
relatively unexplored areas of our
northern forests. In this way, a much
more accurate idea could bo secured
of the forest conditions and existing
supplies of timber than will otherwise
he feasible for many years to come.
Such work must, of course, be stip- .
plolnented by a certain amount of de-
tailed investigation by men on the
ground, to determine the specific com-
position and average stand of the
various forest types. Work of this
character might readily be carried on
as a supplement to the fire patrol by
airplane, or independentlyaccording
to the circumstances of the case.
In any event, present' indications
point to a distinct field of usefulness
for aircraft in connection with various
phases of forest work.
BOMBING GERMANY
Seven Hundred and Nine Air Raids
in Thirteen Months.
Something more than a meeting in-
teretst attaches to the (000 figures,
now available, relating to the bomb-
ing of Germany.
The systematie bombing of military
objectives in Geemany by Royal Air
`Foree squadrons began in October,
1917, although the units specially 001 -
played upon this work were not known
0.5 the Independent Force until
Gen. Sir Hugh Trenchant 01115 all.
pointed to take command on 63111 June,
! MS. The period covered by the raids
down to the conclusion of the armie-
tire is therefore almost exactly 13
! months: During this period R. A. F.
squadrons /mete the astonishing nuel-
bar of 709 bombing raids over Ger-
men toeritory, as follows:
! Reide upon large German
towns 374
Raids • upon then= aero-
dromes cetablieluel for the
defence of the Rhino 20a
Prada upon ether militavy
01,,ieetives 31 M411, e-Ler-
raine and Geentany 1231
Total 709
It will be noted that more than half
if the total number of raids wero
neon importent Gernmn towns, many
of them s33t1331,1 mere than 100 miles
from the base or the R.A.F. Indenen-
.
dent Force at Native. Indeed, the
average diet:1:13e mewed by each
squadron (out and hcme) varied from
leo to 100 miles per raid. whilst it
was to uneonneen thing for the weed.-
ly average to 1..10 to the 1133111'00 of
close upon 209 milca per raid doing
periods favorable to loneelietanee
1)01111)10g.
It is worthy of note that the num-
ber of raids made by the British alone.
over Germany in twelve. motttlis is
nearly five 110110 .110 great WI, the total
numbee of oir raids mode by Germany
over Great Britain :luring rather more
than Nue years of war,
THE OBJECT OF "DAZZLE"
1 111 • ;v.. polO•In of 011.
tlett of 1.1deei,-177:1. that tht
teat e el! ot tr 113,1 1-,(1111'10 to
'01111, !,,N-Ir.10,, the
tie-ety vee, to ,e4e.'el,,:1; wlele, on the
ether Lend the dre. hire er the non-
teetito ef ,,orr;e 1K2r.c.,3j1,
t11,,! f'.'0711
lrntts-. 1111e;gle.
1 110 it wee, aneebel 1111'
edpeteeeity te d't deck. ve they had
nee rst: fee -ehthis 1::'' deen
well m1.11,000011 ley the .6,111?5.
the Teener linoisee ned
the iolee. in hie reel ',het he was ti
fee " Dr.I he. en-
' e1 loped with the 931118 "l'i'e i0131'11"
331'', then :re,- -rear of him Underle't'ir 3 nnotleer f-'1'30'11' 11(0. of cruelty,
1n9:reit y 11:111 331(3-1' 4'"7. it beheoyes
the miniors eveiting hlo 0e11tene6 to
exile that the ;1. '1'' 111 eharye of
the same 'letter': him to etpito,em.en.
where iltsre is no lee: break, where
he •eill conteminate no one and whore
he will lte gieen the six months of
sleep to rerder over the foul! 11111111
of bloodthinAy warfare that W115
brought on by a ilrertm of firmer con-
ments. And thee he will be given a
thence to eithee etoue for his wi1'ked-
:180e during the ermeinder of the cal-
ndar vette, or else follow out his con-
tinued false apprehensione-that of
attempted suicide.
PUZZLED THE GERMANS
Invention Made it Possible for Yee -
sets to Pass Through Mine Field.s.
Mines and mine fields were render-
ed obsolete by the development of the
"paravene," the invention of Lieut.
Burnley, and consistently urged upon
the British navy by Admiral Sir Hed-
worth Meux. This instrument was
officially adopted by the navy early in
1916, and was so successful that spe-
cial factories were built for its con-
struetion.
It is now learned that the British
Grand Fleet on several occasions
pushed right into the Bight of Heli-
goland, which, if mines meant any-
ing, would aye boen
for ships. German experts never ,
solved the mystery. From the time
of its adoption to the close of the
war, only two warships were reported
having been sunk by mines. The most
recent use of the "paravenes" was on
the occasion of the British warships
entering the Baltic through a closely !
mine -strewn area. The steel wire
mooring ropes of the mines are said
to have been cut by "paravenes" as
easily as string is cut by scissors.
A Pretty Incident.
When the bells of peace were ring -1
ing merrily from a parish church not
far from Terrill', Aberdeenshire, an
intelligent little boy of five ran home
to his mother, shouting in glee,
"Mammy, I rang the hell for peace."
It turned out that the old beadle, a
sturdy veteran of nearly 80, with a
world of inherited stories from his
own soldier grandfather of. the Na-
poleonic wars, had seats the little chap
and put the rope into his hands with
the remark: "Here, laddie, this is
something to nund on 3' yer daye."
Eighty yeaes hence the boy may re-
late the incident to his own grand-
children, and thus bridge over more
than two ce»turies.
Intended to Render it Impossible to
Tell True Course of Vessel.
Camouflage painting -or "dazzle"
as 131 inventor, Lieutenant Command-
er Norman Wilkinson, prefers to call
it- has played an important pert in
helping Allied merchant ships to out-
wit the German submarine. Since the
scheme was first put into operation
in May, 1917, getween 4,000 and 5,000
vessels have been treated. Now that
the menace to shipping has gone, it is
periiiisoible lo explain the purpoeo
and principle of "dazzle." Its pur-
pose was not, 5.5 many people mag
ine, to secure complete invisibility for
the dazzled ship. It would be im-
possible.
It 10118 intended -and the object was
most successfully achieved -so to
break up the contour lines of the ves-
sel as to render its course, when view-
ed through a periscope even at 500
yard's distanee, a matter of guess-
work. By means of models Lieut. -
Commander Wilkinson demonstrated
recently, in his unpretentious depart-
ment at the Royal Academy, how
complete the deception can be made.
Two mode1 vessels, one "dazzled" and
the other not, were placed on paral-
lel courses some distance apart on a
table, with a painted blue sky back-
ground. Looked at through a peep-
hole so arranged as to give the effect
of a view through a periscope the
vessels seined to be on the point
of collision. The optical illusion is
obtained by breaking up the angles
and destroying the corners of the ves-
sels.
Naval officers front- practically every
one of the Allied Powers have visited
London'tostudy the scheme. . The
opinions of 68 masters of merchant
vessels have been obtained on. the ef-
ficacy of "dazzle," and of these 51.
were in favor of it, 7 were doubtful
but inclined in favov, and 10 were un-
favorable. The latter, however, gave
their „opinion under the impression
that tbe object oi the disguise was 30
achieve complete invisibility.
British capital 30 Natal expects to
budld up a considerable business is
upholsterers' and bookleindees. leath-
ers,
The fele of Pines has been linked
with the rest of the world by a wire-
less station, the second most power-
ful In Cuba, having a night matte
of :1,000 miles,
203EntrZEk3Cattireir
TJ3eo ZlaginnnE1C20
51401 0'f7
411,
IF,07117147-111q,
if
A 3 1,10,1 It: FLEET AS
efes_Lifetselotife!. ses!
OLD AS IT 18 I:AT:RESTING
"PIPED ABOARD,"
..2111.-1! A NAVAL CEREMONY
Meter Truck Time.
Tractor Fan Repeir.----In ('1. (''1
whore the fan of the 311311113 ;,)11 maim -
a broken blade the part can be tem-
perarny Intianceel by removing The
blade opposite the broken one. Ob-
viously 11113 IA 11.11 emergency measure
and' the fan should b replaced at the
ear:hien peeflone moment.
Connecting Chainn-The otesdest way
to joint th.t, ends of a driving chain
is to reek up the -rear wheel and then
engego the !inks of one, (eel of the
eltaht with the tet'elt 02 1113 teenter-
aart leer -'...kat, If the veer 0111:131-4
thee turned until it to pee:eh:J.? to en-
gage the fnet liek of the eeher end of
chant with :lett teetliof !the eserosket
„o 11' I) 11: ing; nen) to be j•eine-1 1111-
1003113'',', anl if the whool 3,4 1.11011 Int 11--
0.1 1113 e11•::•11,01 so thnt both V11'1;
or the chant nee ltrld 011 the reotoel-tet,
itw3311 14e a eMFle, matter, especially
if a steal!, ventre puncli. is 1' tetl, ta
iine up the heles end insert the (11l_
133031.1131 pin el, 1811,
Tho 'Tire Valve. --1 he driver Of 8
tV11311 03 converter In 533 .3
1111:,e,t h cateftd n•ever to Teave
the end of a 10.3 valve tinceve,'ed. If
tha cep 31 loot -a bit of -leaties.. or rtve
!Imend be fastemed over the e'sm ve't11!
tl'ing 011 a ('libber flirt. or !
grit is ailoseed .to enter the vnlve treu-:
Itte w11
Bearing.-Atrter taking!
tie 13 n. mition in a b211.1.ng 1.40
ful in making tint fintee :::11141111.ralln111!
that 311'i strain of flee bol!.', does 010.1,
C01110 OH the jammed, but on The face.; I
of the bearing 00' be:sheet.
Tettminl Varnieli.--Seetling wax;
dies olvedi -in 300 1111110. eviele n liter,,e ehe-
-en..
ne.,1 sl 1•1-..,.1111 111113r:5;
11:.1;,1"1,.3411.,:i11,..‘1.',.;ry Q1151111 11 P13311331 (31.4' 301.1 '11' 011
t-1'`.1( The "tItieen litiete!efli"
• n
fee111 11fl1.
,I,,r1.0i111g1015.1111e1, was!eniseetenie !.!!! _ ss fleet...Indy on the (ices siret of 3110
1 recorded that Admirtsi i!,ieurer the
11-1.e0 Attie 'rnIte.f
! Witte, yol 3;1,1 3' (1'' autrepabl'et
' beeping, lite lite:. 11' a' to do 1.s to
1 ilm.t tvo,!!,-e veil! pet met
O For ie. ne's e'ne it wenn,
O !Yem seri Is, inn -eel end .tetpr'•-
s c:1 i't11 or.: re.
1 ortiertrii. le-. m •re 31 -.:•tey.
•
TI:" 1-.,11. .1 1.1,1:y .'1111 i•.1 11 11 1, le
rea yr.:71' 0 -13'. 111-31
r be mel ..,-1.1.1111 11-111
1-1 !11e dree rem,
ntet maseite !,. eseen.nia, 3!
7 3090..! (1'. 1110 Ilamc1 oreund
e 01'; .1. , reit imemine leenve
! ef
02 !h7.. • '• • " 7:role:0ett
yell 7:1,1 1"; L.':1 • ',111.11::..1.nt tt- e•-tence
' of mind to tyrn the etaeolire aup-
- rly of elet , .1 ttake rine,
eded, thee
, invame ',lett tit, 1, t3111 ite carried
ltnek be thee beey; tifetefefet, 12 yatt
r)'14 can :IL) 'is, 3 y tiare:raga 0
eltereer to p:eie e terientr the
11110114 teweetel 11,11-
41.tar.
An excellentit,' es. to 3:113101 er
semeth•er the flame: 1.4 a beavy
whirl sem 1 tree' itlittenebillsts
carry %ekei them throw over il:e
fire in juet seen art tansetionen as t1111.
041ers pein their feith .to a paid of
$and.
ESTRUCTION OF
• - •
report 581111
"The conditions varied from coin-.
- • plete demolition to partial dietetic-
.• Yale
Ati tion tf surface struetures. Thus the
111100,1 eepreeentati of (he (Iceman
Repuhlie, )8*(10 "piped 11! 111114'' the
Vag -,13131 or IA- C0011.11:111ilL,'^InX1i01
of the liritish Fleet. The er. mut*,
'piping aliment' is 11.4 1v1a31:1 11. 33
34 3(111 17i01 1111,1 111 o!,1 11!-'. it Is
331171103, In 1111.11111 inree when
eepteine ef the 3:T0:It 1
171•!11 Ole t1i-111,i11.1100.'
were swentr into iletir shit', 30111411 111
bewlincte. the "heave (1'311'" 111111
111-111):1113';" 5'':L1.11. r.1.11,31 by 1110
1103111111'i reettee Fror.1 fled; ceetom
Spelt); illy eerentoey
ndeerd," It has nteosnitsi in the tetr-
for gintnatiene o3 t.t. lett e 131
. the Royal Navy dy 110y:0-
ty ;111,1 officers of hieb eeelt ere en.
tilled to be "piped elsomel "
Rees -Isom .eetef gl.
311 nc.o. tee hime, ,...d 1 •11.:::
01. 13111133 51.0 111 31.11 i iy,t, tee-
cently thcy 1 14...i./.11.01'1,31
314e.ec11 Ellealoeth with ad homeve 0.11.;
cereineey. Compueed 11133
1 at rival o15 the mea „ee-dee4, tt: tit. 11..;;.
eldp the "9131111433 1.1110a1d" 1 1118 1.,01-
7111111. A11.111irai was veey differed, 'tem
• eitcent.dances vsere, of couten,
apart, and the tteafraent wee in steim
! accordance 0031(1 them. 1118 Gertnae
officer anti his steer 1,C1Arkh?(.1 the flag-
; ship at night ott a mission of ser -
i render. A few of Sir Illevid Ilt:etty't
leiiding officers received 111. en 111 the
!presence or an armed guard, and only
the duty bo'sun's mate was at the
top of the starboard gangway to pipe
the Admiral on board as he steppe,
upon the quarter-deck. Tie. re 0385 31
iffiyoductions, no band-sheeino; vote
the silent return ealuteto the GO). -
man leader as he ealuted the quarter-
deck, the symbol of authority end
Power, according to the law and elki•
tom of the British Navy, It :was a
frigidly cool affair, in strict keeping
with an occasion which bad never be-
fore been experienced in till pregnant
history of our maritime seevire.
But the "pipieg aboard" of Ring
George, Queen Mary and the Prinee
of Wales were full-dress affairs, with
Sir David Beatty 01111 his officers in
all their gold -braided and eock-hatte.1
splendor. The scene oe the qu!arter-
deck of the flagship was gay and anis
mated, and there was no reserve as
wee the ease when the German Ad-
miral was received. The bo'sun's
mates -and the Queen Elizabeth car-
ries several of them-dreesed in their
"number ones," gathered round the
'top of the gangway, with their shin-
ing. pipes in their hands, ready to
"pipe aboard" their Majesties and the
Prince. When they appeared -the
33(11131 and the Prince of Wales first
and the Queen later -long,
crescendoes were sounded on their
pipes until 31110 'pipers, falling- slowly
back from the gangway, were almost
out of breath with their exertions.
And all the while the quarter deck
was a moving picture of blue -and gold
Such is the ceremony of "piping
aboard" in the Royal Navy.
"Tommy Pipes" is the sailors' syn-
onym for the bo'sen. It is a happy
synonum, as are all naval synonyms.
The bo'sun is the man who calls ten
Navy to attention. He does so
through the medium of his mates ---
bo'sun's mates. 011 commands being
issued from the quarter deck, the
besunts mates run forwaed, piping
as they go, 311(1 then shout in sten-
torian tones the orders they bave re-
ceived, so that the thip'e company
in every come of the ship know
what has to be done. There is an!
art 131 piping, and thc expert bo sun s
mate -and those in the Navy nee ex-
perts -call manipulate his pipe so
well that the lower deck is able to
divine the orders before they are
epolten, lie practically make: his
3)13)01on 11.11criaacyl
know a ho'sun's mate111
the
eetb.
y the long, elender, silver
chain he wears round hie neck. To it
is attached his pipe, his mill, -or his
whistle -tut instrument of poliehe I
metal, with a thickish head and Lofty
curving gracefully to a narrow stera-
which, when not in his hand, reposes
in the pocket of his jumper close 410
hie heart.
mates are genteelly eel -
b31111110 in the service -first class potty
officers --with excellent recorde, and
their graft with the call is never het'
1111? displayed than when e.eercised at
the old and picturesque ceremony or
"piping aliened" Or "pipieg over the
side," :for it should be 18001100501 that
the ceremony is practically repeated
on the departuve of important 3)011040313'
03100,
" uperation at lens WaS completely ,
raeed, nothing remaining but a heap
of debrie. Thio shaft -wns located with
difficulty and LI filled with wreeliage.
Not a structure eemains standing in
Lone and at the time of our \nett
there was 710 living.
"On aecoutft of the destruction it
was not possible to make an examina-
tion of interior conditions, but We
were advised that water had Aeon in
the shafte and the workings must of
necessity be filling up, inasmuch me it
bad not been possible as yet to re-
sume pumping in the district."
During the five years preceding the
war the coal consumption of France
was slightly less than 60.000,000 tons
a year. Of this amount, 40,000,000
tons were produced in France. French
production fell at the outset of the
war to 20,000,000 tons, the main Lens
field being ocupied by the Germans
theoughout the war. In 1917 prod:1c.!
tien was raised to 28,000,000 tons.
Government Took Control.
Eventnally increasing scarcity and
rising prices forced the French GOV.-
evtanent to assume complete control
of the industry. Severe restrietione
were imposed upon the use of coal
for household nurpoees, and -a system '
1 of rationing was introduced. All coal
was bought by the Government and
resoldsat a price having no neeessaey
relation to its cost. Thus 80 francs a!
ton was charged foe coal foe 110(13,.' -
hold purposes, while industriee Wer.'
charged 120 francs a ton.
The intention of the Government -
Was to conduct the whole transuction
without, incurring loss. The eortheen
fields, which suffered most severely.
produce 65 per eent, of the French
output of coal, and there are not other
French fields comparing in size or
quality with these. The plants razed
by the Germans had been of (110 8)0831
modern and permanent character.
Cost of Other !Ware.
Franco-German war (eight feonthei
France $2,720,000,000; Germany,
11387,750,000-3,107,750,000. South
African war (24re years), $1,080,330;
000. Ruseo-Japanese War (eighteee
months), japan, $1,015,470,000; Rus-
sia, $1;500,000,000--$2,5 1 5,470,3)011,
Demand for two-year-old stockers
is reported keen at Edmonton steels
yards.
LIKELY TO CRIPPLE COAL IN-
DUSTRY FOR 3 YEARS
Not a Structure Remains Standing in
Lens, and Water Has Risen
in the Shafts.
How the retreating Germans
wrecked the rich coal mines of North-
ern France VMS described in a report
to Harry A. Garfield, United States
fuel administrator, by a special com-
missiou sent by the fuel administra-
tion to study conditions abroad. Three
years, the report said, is the French
engineers' estimate of the time re-
quird to efface the devastation enough
to pernlit 11 ull production. The gneat
reserve stocks of coal which had been
built up in France are gone, and even
the stocks of public utilities are at
the danger point.
'With an apparent necessary mini-
mum of 60,000,000 tons -a pear, France
has been getting along in war time on
40,000,000 tons, enduring. severe pri-
vations, and is in great need of relief.
Dynamite and the oxyacetylene torch
completed demolition of the mines in
the Lens region. Where the mines
were withm the .French Imes opera-
tions were carried on at night.
"France," says the report, "must
look outside of her own borders for
at' least half of her coal supply for
some little time to come. There is
every prospect that, with the present
shortage in Blighted, Great Britain
will experience difficulty le meeting
anything more than her present de-
mand, In that event, it is not int -
probable that there will be a demand
of very consideeable proportions for
American -coal."
• Battles in the Mines.
Tales of wild underground eenthats
were brought by. eeturniug menthols
of the mission. 111 one instance, where
workiegs of two minee opened into
each other, the Germans sent parties
down one shaft to destroy the work-
ings in the bands of the Frencle
Every Fvench survivor of the battle
in the black caves a thousand feet
undergroued received the Croix de
Guerre.
Of the territory around Letts the
;
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Something for :Everybody.
Parliamentary Candidate -e -Wo must
grow more wheat and---
IIeekler in Crowd -Yee, but Whet
Ithcitatid
lialaj
Ce-Ihn. dimming hunme
food zow--but I'll come to your Gpea.
telly 311 15 IneMent.
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