HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1918-7-11, Page 7Ity Ag,ronomistr•
This Department Is for the use of our farm readers who want the advice
of an expert on any gee:Alen regarding soli, seed, crops, etc. If your question
Is of sufficient general interest, It will be answered through this column. If
stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed with your letter, a complete
answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing
co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W., Toronto.
Copperas is Not Copper Sulphate.
A very .e.tiou; tn` tdke in eome
cases is being made by the farmer,
and hardener in buyu e tnderitls for.
potato .sighting, nu ”, the twees-
steries is Litre vitriol, Blue vitriol is
copper sulehote, Clreen vitriel is
copperas, or iron sulphate. Copperas
coste :dwelt 3 to ir. per ib. Copper
sulphate. cents in exee.ss of 15e, per
Dottie at the present time. Copperas
cannot be sub:-tateed for copper sul-
phate. its rower to kill fungus (Ps,
eases is very limited. On account of
the cheapness of the salt, at times un-
scrupulous dealers nue given to ad.
ulterathng; emptier sulphate with cop-
peras. There is a simple test which
will determine the presence of the iron
salt in the copper. It is as follows:
Both cdpper sulphate and iron sill -
Ovate diesoive retielily in water, The
topper sulphate is blue, tris• iron sul-
phate is green in color.. In order to
make the te,t fur the presence of iron
sulphate or green vitriol being found
in capper• sulphate, dissolve a little
of the salt In a glass tumbler, add a
crystal of ferrocyanide of potassium.
This turns the bottom of the liquid to
a reddish brown color if the mixture
is strong. If it is weak it will eat
have any particular effect on it, If
sulphate of iron is present the mixture.
will turn a deep blue color and settle
to the bottom. Watch your spray Ma-
terials and see that you use the right
thins. Copperas snumis very much
like copper sulphate, but it is an en-
tirely different substance.
Noir is the time to spray potatoes
and tomatoes to prevent the attacks of
bate Blight disease. The spot•es of
this disease, which may be found in
the, soil and in the garden rubbish,
send up their shoot -s and bear their
seeding spores during the warm, damp
days of late June and early July. The
ohly method of controlling this dis-
ease.,
is -
ease, w•.'udch causes rot of both potato
anti tomato, is by spraying with
Bordeaux mixture. Bordeaux mixture
is macre up of 4 lbs. of eopper sul-
phate, 4 lbs, of lime and 40 gallons of
water. If you have a small garden
patch, make tip the mixture in this
proportion, There is no necessity of
making up such a large quantity. Dis_'
solve the copper sulphate, ---a pound to
a gallon of water and the lime in
similar quantity. Ito not mix them'
until you are ready to I the spraying, -
eitherwise chemical action wil. take'
place between the lime and copper sul-
phate and spoil the mixture. Spray;
the growing vegetables thoroughly at
least three to live times during the
growing season, starting when the;
Putatoes and tomatoes are up about 3,
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
Sty Andrew P. c'eirider,
Dr. Currier trill aua.wer alt slgtud letters prentinitot to ife,dtil. I° pier
question. Is or general !mere:',t it ell! 1; ,oe..v:, red tbreeeh thee,. celute n.;
if not. it will he, ,rte weree pereenettly it tamped, arida :. ed envelope I:, en -
eh, e_d. or, currier tvl[t met pr :with,, for fedimale dfageosis.
9tldtees Dr. Andrew L'. Curritr, taro of %VII. on 1'!ah11:Du•t "Co, e Attelablo
St we.ti, monto.
Infant Feeding No. 2. water, l ,ming the number of feed.
heirs from the first to the sixth for "lay'
month of life, omitting food fremr Also you may wash out th nce•1.um
10 p.m. to R nm •irefully with hair a pint. of warm
baby sitedd be feel every three• ings (r ever stipple:^ t.hom alt„u'•thar
'to a inehma, The copper sulphate at-� t•urh water, following it up with an`.
' tacks thy, fungus spore, and kills thein. ( After the sixth fourmonl o' should njeetion of half a pint of warm wa
be fed only Duce in four hours. The Ler cuntaaining half as t ^:spoonful oY
average quantity for a !ceding is
three ounces in the first month, fnur satL'c sure and in,b'ct very slowly and;
in the seculid, then increasing one ` eighth month. e ° do not girt the baby plate. When a
ounce per month until the end of the; baby's feud agres with hint he will,
Cows' milk shouht be diluted with! invi""e in weight after the fires
boiled ounces of ' month and if he weighed owes' pounds
Pounds when three months old, three
and a half pounels more when six
month's old, throe pound,, more at nine
months, and two and a half more at
twelve months.
A well-developed &did will there-
to each feeding if it agrees with the fore weigh about twenty-one pounds
• child, and it is often desirable to add a at the end of his first year of life.
pinch of bfea•honate of soda or of These are only a few hints, but 1
table stilt. have tried to make them plain and
• Instead of using water it is some- free from the eomplicatiuns ami ma -
times well to dilute the milk with bar_ thematies with which many papers on
ley or rice or oatmeal water thorough- the subject of infant reeding are oh•
ly boiled and strained, a tablespoonful eared'
of the cereal being boiled an hour or �" -
, larger in a pint of water, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
If the baby's stools contain curds • 1., I. B,•,..-1. What is the cause of
it means the cheese in the milk is not obstructien of the bowels? Is it due
, well digested, in which ease the milk to external injury, and if so what are
! may be Peptonized or predigested with its symptoms?
essence of pepsin, letting it stand at d. ---Does this occur usually in the
, ordinary room temperature until it is aged or may It happen at any pe -
curdy; it must then he put into the riod of life? 3, ---Can It be caused by
lice box at once to arrest further di- rupture.
frestion. Answer---1,—It may be caused in a
This is important for if you let it great many different ways, by the
stand until it is bitter the baby will formation of adhesions in the abdu,
refuse to take it. men, drawing the loops in the intes
When the first few teeth have come tines together, by telescoping of one
through, a little dear soup, free from portion of the intestine to another, by
fat may be given and the baby may constipation and in various other';'.
also have a small piece of toast, ways. I suppose it may be possible i
You may also give him whey or milk by external injury, but I cannot for
o• weak gelatine water. If he should the moment, see exactly how this!
could be d. !
2, --It mayoneoccur in any period of 1
life, frau infancy to old ag,e.
i
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
R. II.:—What do you consider the
hest fertilizer for apple and plum
orchards?
Answer:—For apple or plum (welt-
ards I would advise from t3 to 10 lbs.
Per tree of a t'ertilizer carrying from
3 to 4 per cent, ammonia, 8 to 10
per cent. phosphoric zeta and 1 to 3
per cent, potash, When potash be-
eornes obtainable in larger quantities,
it would he well to use as high as 5
pet• rent, potash, This fertilizer
should be worked into the soil at about
the distance that the branches spread
out, The feeding parts of the root
are out towards the tips, hence the
available plantfood will do more hoots
if worked into the soil in this area
rather than close up to the trunk of
the tree, Commercial growers are
else getting" good result:; from the
use of bnnemeal, which, however, does
not contain any potash. This fertilizer
can be applied in the same quantity as
advised above,
I''armer:--Will you kindly give full
directions for the preparation of soil
for fall wheat? I mean to try it for
the first time next autumn.
Answer: --For fall wheat the soil
should be ple vectus soon as the spring
growing crop is harvested. If it is
early outs, the ground should be plow-
ed immediately after the crop has been
taken off. Some farmers have better
success In growing winter wheat on.
summer-fallowed land. If the piece
of land being prepared is sod, it should
he plowed as soon as possible and
disked and burrowed frequently in
order to out down any weed growth
and to make the seedbed as mellow as
possible. If you have a supply of
stock manure to apply to the wheat
field, put it on the plowed ground be-
,ing added forYone (mime of m�ilkrdur-
at. birth, he s}rnu14 have ranted fare
ing the•lirst month, and the quantity
of water being then gradually redueed
until the tenth month when the milk
may be given undiluted.
A teaspoonful of common sugar or
mills sugar or melt,sey may be added
fore the last two diskings and har-,
HOME GROWN FERTILIZERS FOR ORCHARDS
have diarrheoea give him half a tea-
spoonful or a teaspoonful of castor
oil, thoroughly mixers with an equal
quantity or twice the quantity of
wintergreen, cinnamon, or peppermint
3.—It is not infrequently assomat_•
eel with rupture.
rowings. By disking and harrowing
the field, this manure will be thor-
oughly worked into the soil. Bo sure
you get good quality winter wheat
seed of a variety that is successfully;
grc,wn in Ontario. Dawson's Golden'
Chaff, Imperial Amber, Early Red
Clawson, and Abundance, are all good,
varieties. When seeding the wheat
apply 200 to 300 lbs, per acre of ferti-
lizer • •eying from 2 to 3 per cent.'
ammonia, and 8 to Ill per cent. avail-;
able phosphoric acid. Modern wheat,
drills have a compartment for sowing
the fertilizer at the time the wheat is
seeded. This works the piantfood
into the soil so thatit helps the young
growing crop.
Temperature of the whole milk has
are
dt ct effect onc t • percentage *e o
tl p� cc b f
fat in the cretin and the skimmed
milk,
The temperature of milk be-
ing separated should be such that the
milk w•iIl flow easily, facilitating rapid
and thorough separation of the cream
and the skimmed intik. It is a wise
plan to separate the mill: as soon as
possible after it comes from the cow.
Int that case, the temperature is high
enough that a thorough separation is
effected. If the mills is allowed to
cool after being drawn, the tempera-
ture needs to he raised to about 86
degrees to 00 degrees to secure the
best results when separated.
Many dairymen think that there is
an advantage in having the whole
milk at a low temperature, because the
cream possesses a higher percentage
of 'Fat when the temperature is low.
However, in these tests the loss of
fat in the skimmed mills was greater,
It should be noticed that the weight
of fat in the whole milk and in all
Cabbage Pi tis
to all leading early and tato
varieties, 46.,, per hundred, mail pre-
paid, $2.Ge per thousand, express
collect.
Also Caullllnwmr, Brussels Sprouts
and Onion Plants.
Plants are being shipped suommer,
fully to all parts of Canada: Ask for
price list.
herald's rams, FruitnAua, Ontario
Dent. "Y" Mascara, District
Partners who ship their wood
direct to us get better prices
than farmers who sell to the
general store.
ASK .ANY rARM5R 1
who has gold his wool both
ways, sail note what he says
or, better still, write tis for our
paces; they will show you how
much you loco by selling to the
General Store,
We ply the highest prices of any Arai
lathe couulrynnd axe the inrgestwa,l
dealers in Canada, Pay,nent is re-
mitted the same day wovl Is received.
Ship uti yourweel Earley—you wilt be
mare oleo pleased if you do, and are
assured ofnsquare deal frwau4. it
r H, V. ANORP.MS.-.,-1
13 CHUROld 3To TORONTO e
three pelts of cream was approxim-
ately tate ,:one, but that there was a
distinct variation in the weight of the
cream, and this is the cash end of
the dairy business.
The richness of cream, or the per-
centage of fat, derived from whole
mills bu use of a separator may
be regulated by either the cream
screw or skimmed mills screw.
Cey
f tale/
�l
In the spring of 1010 I began to J;
keep recoil of the work done by my;
horses, says a successful farmer. The
record consists of a set of cards 5x 8
inches, which are divided into thirty-
one spaces, one space for each day in.
the month, I use one card 'Yl month,
for each horse. On the left half of
each card I enter the cost of feeding,'
shoeing, medical attention and other;
expenses, while on the right half I'
enter the number of hours of work
clone by that ha•se, and also credit
the value of the manure it produces,
the eolt, etc.
The figures fer last year were quite
n surprise to me. Before starting my'
record I estimated that $6.60 per;
month would be a fair average cost,
of keeping my horses, but imagine
my surprise when I discovered that'
each horse was costing me $7.12 per
month or $85,44 a ,year.
After adding up the number of
hours, I found that my horse labor
had cost me $1,36 a day,
One reason for this large cost was
that the work had been unevenly dis-
tributed among the horses, and some
were idle when they could have been
working, I also found that the pas-
ture had not been used as much as tt
might have been. These errors I in -
lend to remedy during the present
year. By distributing the work more
evemly I can dispense with the extra
horses.
A teaspoonful of good salty butter
worked into pie paste as it is being
roiled out, imparts a fine flavor,
The average: cake is no better halted
will two egge than wtdln one. Thus
necossity has taught its tho folly of
past extravngetncee.
Reutember life's paradox ---you are
no nearer heaven Weans° living is
higher.
It is time for the row which does
not pay, to go to the Meek, but it is
poor ttcononty to butcher profitable
producers.
The use of cover crops cannot by! and peas, when used as rover crops,
any stretch of the imagination be supply nitrogen to the orchard soils.
classified as a new practice in fruit But cover crops have their greatest
growing. Orchardists, almost from', in that they add humus to the
time immemorial, have used them to: soil. This humus tends to maintain
advantage, as successful growers are j the physical condition and increase the
still doing --anal as others who wish to water -holding capacity of the orchard
successfully tide over the uncertain- i land One of the strongest arguments
ties of war times, must do. With , m favor of cultivation in Ontario
fertilizers becoming harder to find ; orchards is the fact that this practice
than a pro -German (not to mention: conserves the moisture, Soils without
the matter of prices after they are; humus are not capable of holding
found), the man who would keep up large quantities of water. The ad -
the fertility of his orchard soil is go-! dition of humus makes their capacity
mg to and is problem becomin an; in this respect rester
increasingly baffling one, unless he! "The selection of a plant fun• cover
awakens quickly to the value of cover crop purposes depends largely upon
cos. character h nit t time
crops. the eha ac qr of the s and the me
"Of all the resourees available to, at which it can be seeded, On sandy
the fruit grower at this time, none! soils, winter vetch is one of the most
can be used more effectively in over -(desirable leguminnus cover crops. The
coming the fertilizer famine than cot-: must be seeded rather early, that fs„
er crops," says an expert. "Cover some time in July or early August,
crops, themselves, add neither potash and it usually is combined with oats
nor phosphoric acid to the soil, but o• rye, as vetch makes but a slow
they have the power to make such of growth in the fall and early winter.
these elements as are present in the It is able to withstand very dry
soil much more readily available to weather during late summer and fall,
the fruits. 'What is of equal deport- as well as the tramping of pielters ancd
once, they do this at a season of the'packers at harvesting tame. If usetl
year when these elements are most with oats and seeded with a drill,
needed. ' fifteen pounds to the acre, is suffici-
"Recent experiments in fertilizing ent with a bushel of oats; but if
commercial orchards have shown that spread broadcast, twenty to twenty-•
it is possible to derive great benefits five pounds should be used per acre,
from fertilizers which add nitrogen to On the heavier clay loam soils. Mem-
the soil. Some of the chief advent- moth Clover and June Clover are both
ages of leguminous cover crops lie in desirable leguminous cover crops.
the fact that they serve just this per- These craps require a very well
pose, and furnish an element which, if prepared seed bed and if the
the purchaser had to buy in the form weather conditions are favor -
of commercial fretilize•, would be very able in late summer and fall, a good
expensive, Clovers, vetches, beans growth will be secured. Crimson
f h
• GUT OUT ,AND FOLD ON DOTTED .LINES
Willie (slanted hollyhocks,
There's nothing strange in that;
13ut when they bloomed, the flowers were just
Like thoso on sister's hat.
St r
resa
t
Wear the Sturdy
,3
FLEET FOOT SHOES
and enjoy the easy comfort which
these economical shoes Five.
is for work as well as for play.
Staunch, sturdy styles like the
"WORKMAN" and "EVERY -DAY"
stand right up to any farm work --
yet are light and easy, and enable
you to tramp the fields all day
without the feet getting over -tired.
The leading Shoe Stores have FLEET
FOOT styles, shapes and sizes for every
member of your family—for work or play.
None genuine without the name FLEET
FOOT stamped on the sole. Look for
the name.
z
Tllf Shoe Stores besese
h
FLEET FOOT
POMLNIO
clover is also used sometimes as a
cover crop, but its lack of hardiness,',
especially during severe open winters.''
makes it less desirable than those first
mentioned. The
poultryman who aim.; to keep
"On orchard lands that have not his hens laying their hest during the
been previously used for cover erops, months of .lune, July and August;
-where the soil is not in an ideal condi- should hive earful consideration to
tion, rye is a desirable crop to use, It what he feeds his flock, avers a poul-
brings the soil to a mellow state, so try expert.
that other cover crops are grown. "After a hen has laid heavily dur-
Rye is also an excellent cover crop to' ing the winter and spring," he says,
sow if the seeding has been delayed "she should be fed a food richer in
until the fall, It makes a fair growth protein, for if she does not receive
duringfall,the and springse'm 6s up vettfood containing the elementsett from
early in the spring, so that by the time which cgstire
made, she must draw
the orchard is plowed, there ie. a fairly - upon the tissues of her own body to
heavy crop of nye to tarn under. furnish egg -making material.
"Of the other crops that may be: "To maize the summer ration five
used oats are probably the most pop -;per cent. of protein should be added to
alar. The seed is not expensive, and ''the spring ration. A moist mash
it is much better than weeds in an should be fed once a day, the moisture
orchard. Oats can be sown late, and; being rubbed into the" mash with the
produce a good cover in the. full. They hands, Un not stir the moisture in
are also very popular in orchards that. with a stick or spoor..
are to be disked in the spring, rather "Plenty of succulent feeds should.
s
•a • •alt 1 e fid seri as letter at
thplowed,th .r ': 1 Y nd sprout-
anas e e n, es dt ieult
, ff
v
in working them into the soil. Oats ed oats. It is often worth while to
also make an excellent trop to sort• plant e good patch of Swiss chard for
with winter vetch or peas, but being' summer reeding, for there is no green
non -leguminous, they do not their - food during Judy, August and Septem-
selves add nitrogen to the soil. I her that run compare with this green
"The comparatively high price of for coloring the yolk and keeping hens
seed at the present time makes it im- healthy. Besides, if the tops of the
portant that the soil should be very. chard are cut, it will produce seemed
well prepared, and to obtain the maxi-, and third crops of leaves.
mum benefit from the amount of seed A g'r'ain ration for June and July
used, it will Often he desirable to drill ran he made up of two parts of
the seed, rather than to broadcast it, shrunken wheat (mnmillablo) and one
Linder the. present abnormal condi-, part of cracked corn tby weight I, and
tions fruit growers in Ontario cannot one part of soaked oats (ley weight).
afford to neglect this practice of oh. "A mash ration can be made up of
taining the many benefits to be deriv one part by weight of wheat brain, one
eel from cover crops." : part -bee weight of corn meal, one part
__..2 _._--..._.... . by weight of gluten meal, one and one--
Isxc•ellent vegetable broths can be • tlfths part by weight of meat scrap
made without any meat at all, and one part ley weight of ground outs,
The. Southern Gan
oda
Power Co., Limit d
Centro's \rater Powers on the St. Fre
of ovo• 100,000 E1.P, desvelopment, and th
ershlp c rntrels several Light 8e. Power Co
The Company supplios power and light
cipalities In the Province of Quebee, Pri
Eastern Townships.
Work has been ronmoncerl and ie progre
on the development of one of the Company's
on the St. Franck located at i)rummoudville.
This plant is being developed to supply th
demand for power In tbo territory served Pry the
end enable more manufacturers to locate in this
'Phe development of water Power now Ls a. patrl
as well as a eummorcial advantage,
Wo recommend the 6% BONDS or the SOOT
CANADA POWER COMPANY, LIMITED, width v
offerlug with a. Minute of common stock, thus glvb
vow's an opportunity of participating lb the future.
leis River capable
rough stock own-
mpanles.
0 over 45 maul-
eipally in the
sing rapidly,
largo powers
increased
Com pany
district.
tie ditty.
HERN
re aro
g fn•
site.
cess of the: Commun.
Send for circular rind map showing
SENDS MAY DM PVXWMA6DD
ON MONTHLY PAYMENT
/19 Vod41¢meat 13 afikors
Mercantile 'frust 13Idg.
222 St. James Street K
N
territory sen ed,
PleOlvr ES
MAN
COMPANY
Limited
Hamilton
Montreal
�rr><acxrlvlA NI314,130L1),
81.ACIOOR
Again and again while mins Rath
bone was speaking one fan•, eaugh
her attentinn. It was a hau.1,mm
face, and it revealed poseibilirhes a
power, but the eyes wereran of ao,
smouldering resentmem. It In:ied
Mien Rathbone. She had met eeildsh
and indifferent and unawakcned wo-
men, but never before had she met m
that sullen resentfulness. It see-
prlseel her to find the girl ating;
when the meeting was over. As soon
us she could she turned to her.
"I wanted to tell you," the gird
cried, "thatI have set my heart as go-
ing to .hranee! I was going with my
college unit for reconstrnetiun work.
And then the family wouldn't let me."w•
"it was a (Reappointment, I kie ,u
the speaker said sympath. tienlly,
The girl flared into anger. "Disap-
pointment! It, was se small that's
what humiliates nee. As if this were
a time to think in terms of one's
family, or even one's country! It's
the whole world we belong to ---or
should!„
"But. surely,,, Hiss Rathbone re-
sponded, "there is plenty of work- -oh,
an overwhelming amount of work ---to
be done everywhere!"
"I suppose," the girl cried seornful-
' ly, "you mean knitting! Or perhaps
putting up string bean,, or t>inaties!"
Something happened then to Miss
Rathbone- -something that made her
eyes flash and brought a crisp note
into her voice that startled the girl.
'•Wilt you tell me your name?" she
asked,
"Virginia Newbold."
"Well, Virginia Newbold, I am g;n-
ing to say something to you straight
out. It will probably make you angry,
but as you will never see me again
that needs make no difference, I am
going to tell you the truth about your-
self, You say your family are mare
row- -that they are not world citizens.
I don't know anything about that, but
I know that Virginia Newbold is not a
world citizen- yet. If she were, she
would realize that America is a. part
of the world ae much a, France, She
would realize that right here in her
own city there are boys and girls who
need help as much as the sorrowful
children of France and Belgium. She
would realize that the children of the
world will have to carry on the
world's work in a fete years, and that
work Tor any child who needs it is
work for the world. She would not
pick and choose --and sulk. She would
put herself heart and soul into the
work close at hand She has been re-
fused a commission; very well, then•
site would fight as a private ---and no
private should fight better than she."
The girl was looking at her with
startled eyes, and a deep color was
burning in her face, Abruptly, with-
out a word, she turned away.
Hiss Rathbone gravely watched her
go. Would she see?
L
0
f
Must Save 1918 Harvest.
Great Britain in peace times de-
pends upon imports for four-fifths of
her food su t r
n f of h. One out of every
Y
seven of Scotland's total population i$
in the army; in England one out of
every twelve; in Canada one out of
every Y 17.
Britain, despite army demands for
Wren, has increased her farm acreage
by help of women, boys and labor di-
verted from towns and cities. She
has also increased her production of
munitions and ships, and her manufac-
tured exports, such as cotton, by
which she finances herself,
But most of her usual sources of
fond supplies have been cut off by
the our and scarcity of ships. Can-
ada produces the largest available
food surplus in the British Empire.
The responsibility for feeding the
:armies and the Mother Country falls
directly upon Canada. The harvest of
1918 must be saved or millions will
starve.
Controlling Cutworms,
Cutworms, which are often prevah
en!, at this time of the year, can ba
fairly well controlled by making a
poison mash of twenty-five pounds of
bran to two pounds of Paris green.
The bran and Pais green should be
thoroughly mixed w'nile dry and then
lightly moistened so that the Pais
green will adhere to the bran. This
ehould be sprinkled around the plants
toward evening so that it will still
be moist when the cutworms come out
to do their damage.
The winding of the phots with
paper is of little use, as the paper
gives the worms as good a foothold as
the plants:
For trees a band -of cotton wrapped
In an umbrella shape is a barrier to
the cute -mote in getting to the tops of
the trees.
• The eli ging of the oround around
the plants will often reveal the cut-
worms, as they spend their daytimes
just under the ground near the plants
that they have damaged. They eat
be destroyed by clipping in kerosene,
or by crushing them.
Food Situation in France.
In 1917 the wheat production in
F ranee was 45 per cent, of the normal
production Or 3119 per Bent Of her nor..
mal reryquirementsy A tegr deducting
seed, 13i'1 production left otrl;i' ohdt
third I''ranee's nrnntal neods. Frazee
le under !!labor of plus pound f
meat. pet' pagan per Caeeky neluddn
rorsedlesh; lorance he under a ration
,f one and one-tenth pounds of sugar'
ter person per month.
I