The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutThe Brussels Post, 1918-4-25, Page 6ST. o .IIILYE i t o GEM INSecd Day Battle, Then commonenced o[ u dicy of horror. Two thousand men had rushed to the CANADA'S � DABS ( ROWN ' attack. The roll -call at dawn reveal- -- -- led a scant 000, To the left of the woad and for a mile beyond stretched a German WHEN OUR BOYS MADE THEIR trench, In front of it not a single Al - FAMOUS CHARGE. lied soldier. The Canadimh trench ex- tended beyond the edge of the wood. German machine guns played upon it .leers, to prevent them from giving a v tinning noise. This, however, has proved a failure, because it diminish- es the rate of gas escape. Another idea of theirs has been _ to mix the gee with smoke, or to al- ternate gas emissions with smoke' FIRST CHED BY GRR11:1VS. lti einieeioes, ee that the enemy eannot, APRIL, 1015. tell where the gas ends and the t:meke begins. There is no limit ton such ticks. Tricks of the Hun. li • have �,t U+ hand d to Third Anniversary of a Day which POISON EASES AS WAR WEAPON C11r'tantly. 111;tny of the defenders Direction of Wind, Hour of Day, and • t down. wen r own, 'e a b' the Hun. k •s a Shining Page in the Then the German artillery some- Slope of Terrain, Important Mae I History of the Dominion. Ile may be a brute beast, but where where on the right gat the range. All Factors in Success. cleverness in warfare i concerned he day lone; the great simile swept the oq r r In the first week of April, 1ti15, has the best of us, The beet we can The morning of April , , 1915, Canadian line from cud to end. 'tor" ,res salient a duo at times is to imitate his methods. - broke clear and warm, The first light ribly aceet•ate vvas their lire. By noon there came into the Ypres breath of amine. was in the air. A the trench was filled in places. To vv deserter ti ala t1 tot th Germans a Prussic acid is the deadliest of ° s British known poisons. It was reported a to assail the mid -summer sit, -ace brooded over the move, one vvas forced to crawl over were preputnt while ago that the Germans meant to r'r•elhv .f Deeth " The occasional dead and dying One's comrades army with floods of a poisonous gas. use it for gas clouds. Much alarm was 11•f,r shell in bursting echoed back from the breathed their last in A roaring, He da,cribed the ris. to ntinn t created by this announcement, But shattered walls of Ft, Julien. All was' crowded solitude. Scant help could the purpose -the cylinders filled with it was mere camouflage. They never peace, the pene•e of death. says D. E. be rendered. A shell lighting in a liquid chlorine, and all the rest of contemplated anything of the kind, C'tunphell of the lith Battalion. iiia of dead and wounded; reel flesh it. His story was absolutely true, but because for thio particular purpose The First Canadian Piviion, said and gory heads streaked the air. nobody believed it. The thing was too another hind of gas, "phosgene," was by competent observers to he the But the Canadians hung nn. The incredible. deemed more deadly, "Flower of the British Army," held thought of retreat simply' occurred to A few day: later came the first gas The Hun intention was to advertise the apes of the Ypres salient. It was no one. 'they waited the German on- attack. It changed the whole course prussic acid and incidental) to dis- t y known to he a danger point on the Al- I sleight. It was sure to come. But it of the war. The British troops were tract attention from phosgene; Also, - lied line General Sir Horace Smith never came. 11cn': nerves were worn overwhelmed by it. There was no de - to frighten. In neither aim was it Dorian had warned the men that their' thin and reamed `But they hug A g on, fens(). Whole regiments perished successful. The Allies were not scar - endurance might be tested to the ut-I Finally night drew on. The enemy the spot, with no chance to fight ed and being warned in time of the termest in holding it. His words' fire slackened. Still the attack held gap miles in width and several miles phosgene they provided helmets that came true!off. No sleep for weary men, in depth was made in the Allied lines,were proof against it, The Third Brigade held the left of though. All night long they stood to The Germans themselves had not ^_^ the Canadian line. First came the arms. A little food was brought up. realized what the effect of this new THE DEAD WHO LIVE FOR EVER. Thirteenth Battalion (Fifth Royal , The men felt somewhat refreshed, , weapon would he. If they had done ..— so they might have +von the war then Premier Lloyd Geor a Pas Tribute Highlanders of Montreal) and the Fif- I The night ended. g y' teenth Battalion (Rorty -eighth High- and there, But it was an experiment; Saved the Road to Calais. To Empire's Heroic Dead. handers of Toronto). To the left again Then some news of the battle be- they could not count on such results.' lay the: North African troops of the Ae it was, they claimed 6,000 dead and Here is the tribute paid by Prime gan to leak through. The Germans French. many prisoners as a total imme- Minister Lloyd George to those whoFrench. The Sixteenth Battalion had attacked with three army corps,• (Canadian Scottieb) lay in billets on diate gain. have died in the war: about 120,000 men, and immense For defense against this novel "There are hundreds of thousands of quantities of artillery. This and• the 'weapon "respirators" were imrnediate- sorrowing men and women in this land hurled at the French and Canadians new asphyxiating gas which they ly adapted. The first ones were made on account of this war. Their an - by hundreds of thousands he England guish is too deep to be expressed or to the outskirts of Ypres. Gas Does Its Deadly Work. The warm day drew to a close. Sud- denly all the world seemed to spring lines caused the French to break, by patriotic women, the device adopt- be comfo4ed by words, but, judging rocked and groaned on its foundations. gap of more than a mile was madein into life. The air trembled. The city forcing the Canadian left to retire. A oil being simply a pad o£ cotton -wool the multitudes whom I know, there is I wrapped in muslin and saturated with not a single one of them who would The universe seemed filled with a the line. The Forty-eighth Highland- e solution of sodium carbonate and roaring, a whirring and a throbbing.1 ere and the Fifth Royals, of Mont- thiosulphate. A frightful roar and a house coilap- i real, were almost surrounded' First Gas Helmet. sed. Houses and cellars vomited peo-I, With the exception of the Canadian ple--old people, young, cripples, crip- ,Seettish and the Tenth battalion, not, Later on the respirator developed pled women with crippled children on a man lay between the Germans and , into a helmet of sorts, w•eeich was their backs. An agonized scream went ! Calais. They might have marched: merely a flannel bag (to be put over up. Shells burst everywhere. The; through. These two units were hurl - 'the head) saturated with the same so - city was mad with fear, The German, ed at the German line, were sacrificed, i lution and provided with a mica eye - guns were getting in their work. but they forced the Germans to' piece or window. This is still used,. recall the valiant dead to life at the, price of their country's dishonor. The example of these brave men who have fallen has enriched the life and exalt- ed the purpose of all. You cannot have four millions of men in any land who voluntarily sacrifice everything the world can offer them in obedience to a higher call without enabling the country from which they sprang, Over the rise, across the canal, dim l pause, believing the British must be' in a modified form, the bag being put "The fallen, while they have illu- figures appeared. There were scores in force or they would not dare at- ;oyer the head and tucked into the! mined with fresh lustre the glory of of them. They reeled and staggered tack. (w'earer's jacket. ' their nttve lend, have touched with as they came. The vanguard reached And so for da ays the battle went. j It is an old saying that the only a new dignity l the household which the bridge. They coughed and wept, Each night the roar of fire dried down. !wto fight the devil is with fire, and,' they left for the battlefield. There was he Allies. The Low -Gear Performance. What is your opinion about using a motor car for work that requires hard pulling in love !sear? And ie there any way of telling whether any parts of a car. have been strained? These question: come from a reader who apparently thinks he has abused hie car, judging from other remarks made. The use of a motor car for pulling' heavy loads that require it to be in low gear is not particularly injurious if the amount of such work is limited. Naturally a great deal depends on the skill. of the driver in handling hie clutch and throttle. However, con- tinual low -gear performances is like- ly to make the water in the radiator boil and also cause considerable car- bon in the cylinders. Do not let the water in the radiator get below the upper hose connection. And if the water boils violently and continu- ously, that is a warning to stop. But probably the greatest injury is suffered by the rear tires when an au- tomobile is used for heavy pulling. Putting chains on the rear wheels will help considerably to reduce this in- jury should the wheels show a tend- ency to spin around without getting traction. There is no definite means of determining whether any parts have been strained, except that ex- cessive wear is indicated by a noisy rattling mechanism. Employing the motor car to pull a loaded wagon is a type of usefulness permissible on a small scale, but if d person has much hauling to do he had better get a tractor. An auto- mobile is designed to rho most of its work in high gear and at fairly high speed.—B.S. Repairing Tube Cuts. It sometimes happens that an al- most, new and otherwise perfectly good inner tube will receive a long tear or cut and be thrown away be- cause the owner thinks a satisfactory repair cannot be made. Now this is all a mistake, as I have proved to my even sati faction on more than one oe- easim • My first. exnerience of this kind ryas \O n nn almost new tire for some unhiown rea en (some thought it had been •tnproperly attached) blew oft its rim and tore an Minuet straight slit in the new inner tube about 30 inches lung. I was told that the inner tube was beyond repair, but it outraged my sense of economy to think of thruwing away that practically new tube, I had a small vulcanizer with which a hole nearly four inches long could be repaired at one time, and with this I started to work. A four -inch portion at one end of the long tear was filled with the re- pair gum according to the directions for malting ordinary repairs. After allowing the cement to shy the recom- mended length of time, I clamped the tube in my vulcanizer, which was then lighted. It happened to be q steam vulcanizer, and after lighting the heating element no further watching was necessary, as the vulcanizer is entirely automatie in its action. In the meantime the opposite end of the tear was filled with repair )nim in the same manner, so that by the time the first repair was vulcanized the succinct was ready. Thus the re- pair progressed, first. one end and then the other, the tear being grad- ually closed until at last one patch closed it entirely. I tested the tube in a pan of water and was gratified to find no leaks. Afterward Ode same tube gave t.housande of miles of ser- vice, and -was finally scrapped because of old age. I should state, perhaps, that the re- pair was not made at one time or one day, spare time only being used, which otherwise might have been wastecd or used less profitably. The repair deseribed in the forego- ing was alone some years ago, and since then I have mended even longer tears, and always with perfect suc- eess. All that is required is patience, a little time, repair material, and a good vulcnnizer, One that is auto- matic in its action is to be preferred, turning agonizing faces to the Can- i Each dawn the roar of fire rolled u —ILK.J — P• accordingly, the gas weapon � will be millions who will come back adians. Now and then one dropped: Then the reserves commenced to come, quickly adopted by t and live to tell chidren now unborn writhing.. It was the French Turcos, a straggling unit at first, but in a day method used for the production of gas hew a generation before in Engand, German hate had done its work. or two the face of the earth was yel- :clouds is substantially the same to- Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and in The order came to fall in on the love- and blue, with Briti h and French day, however, as that originally cin- the ends of the earth, the men of our. coed behind the canal. Darkness was uniforms, ploeed by the Huns, race were willing to leave ease and coming on. The men obeyed silently. Then the Canadians got some sleep.' Boles are dug in the bottom of the 'race rt to face privation, len, tease and Extra ammunition was issued, and the Five days and nights they went, and trench, beneath the parapet, and the death to win protection for the weak battalion moved silently off, going many of them had not four hours' cylinders of liquid chlorine are buried ,and justice for the oppressed, along the canal ane( through the out- sleep. Now came a chance to rest at in them. When wanted for use, each! "There are hundreds of thousands skirts of Ypres until it reached the night. ' cylinder is connected with a lead pipe 1 who will never come back. For them road, The darkne.es was thinned by From one part of the field to Bah bent over the top of the parapet. A there will be for ages to come sacred the glare from burning Ypres and the other they moved. sometimes "dig -'sandbag is placed on the nozzle, to memories in a myriad of homes of flash of bursting shells. ging in" three times in one day, now;prev;ent the "kick" of the outrushhig brave, chivalrous men who gave up Down the St. Julien roars they pass- behind the British and now in sup -!gas (the chlorine rapirily vaporizing) their young lives for justice, for right, ed. The ranks moved stealthily. The port of the French. Always under ,from throwing the pipe back into the for freedom in peril. front rank wee, not more than 150 that galling fire they stayed in the ' trench. "This -resolution means that the yard. from the trenches---- :battle. Each cylinder certain forty poundsgreetest Empire on earth through this Then it happened. I At last human endurance reached of liquid chlorine. Commonly there are house thanks the living for the readi- Their Baptism of Fire. Ian end. The boys could stand no three cylinders to each two yards of ness with which they supported its more. On the night of the fourth of front. Sometimes the cylinders are behest. It also means that this great With a roar like a great forest 'May, after twelve days of constant cif- 'double banked. The ilea in view is Empire, through this House, enters Mire, the whole front of the wood and fort at high pitch, they were taken always to make the gas as strong as each home of the heroic dead, grasps hundreds of yards en either side burst 'out. That night they marched twentypassiUle• When liberated it combines, the bereaved by the hand, and says: into lines of jagged flange, Hundreds miles to billets near Bailleul. I of course, with the air. A percentageThe Empire owes you gratitude for of flares shot into the sky, laying I -- •'- -- — f of one pelt of the gas to lODO of air, your share of the sacrifice as well as bare the earth like a noonday sun. I SPELLING REFORM. is considered strong. Usually it is for theirs, partakes in your pride for The front tines melted. Down went ,iii the men. They seemed to fall like The Revolution in Russia Brings Joy Necessary Conditions. leaves, but none paused to inquire a tothe School Children. ' - I comrade's fate. How did any win I The most suitable terrain for a gas through'. The air seemed filled withRussian Not children are re- : discharge is where the ground slopee I rifle and machine gun bullets. The I joking. Not only have the school gently away from the trenches in I roar was constant: Shrapnel burst teachers gone on strike, but the Bol- which the cylinders are placed. But overhead. Up again and on, through sheviki Government has adopted pothe direction and force of the wind ditches, wire, over hedges that offer- netic spelling, which will eliminate ' are of absolute importance. If the ed no shelter, men falling everywhere, some of the difficulties of Russian or- wind blows less than four miles an on they rushed, With a wild yell the thography, !hour it is too weals to carry the gas'; trench was reached. The firing broke The National Commissioner of Edu- : cloud. If it exceeds twelve miles an suddenly off. Gray figures darted ,cation, with a view to raising the hour it tends to disperse the gas and away through the treks. Those who 'general standard of education, has is- 'carry it upward. remained were simply killed in pass- sued a decree that from Jan, 1 the fl The best time for a gas attack is ing. On into and through the wood new simplified spelling shall be between sunset and dark, or between went the Canadians. taught in the schools. The reform early dawn and sunrise. In the first' The place was won, The Germans consists in the elimination from the light of dawn the cloud cannot be had been removed, 1 Russian alphabet of three letters— I seen approaching. The defenders, The woad was wide and the under- yell, phita and the simple form of E.!under such circumstances, can obtain growth thick in places. From the left The pronunciation of these letters is . warning only from the sense of smell, ' broke out a heavy rifle fire. The bul- identical, respectively, with A, F and or from the hissing sound which the lets ripped through the trees. The the double form of E; and the correct' cylinders make when emitting the Canadians heeded them not. They use of the respective letters has al- :dewily eeas, I were hunting Germans and they toy- ways been a test of education. Yatt,! All of the German poison -gas bust-! ed with death. Many fell. ,a survival of one of the old Slavonic ,aess is directed and operated by two Lieutenant Colonel Boyle, of the characters, has been a stumbling -;regiments of pioneers, otHce•ed by Tenth, was dead. Lieutenant Colonel block to many, not only to foreigners,! men highly trained in the technology! Leckie, of the Sixteenth, collected the but even to middle-class Russians. Iof various seiences—engineers, chem-! men and took them hack to the captur- "' "- fists, meteorologists and so forth. ed German trench, This they length- Get onion sets 'in as soon as theThese experts aro busy all the time ened and consolidated. When dawn I Evergreens may be primed at this I with new inventions, one of the most' broke thetart] • i 1 d Invent being a silencer fer the eolith. -- much less. their valor and in your grief for their loss." y were ,v a ug nn, I time, if requ re . teeeeeeeeeereeee aoh The Joys of Gardening. Don't you want a gardeh plot, Just a little corner lot, Seeds to plant, and things that grow? That's the life you want, I know? .lust a spade, and rake, and hoe, Seedling soldiers, row on row; Guard them from the wily foe (Regiments of weeds, you know). Just a shower of gentle rain, Then the sun to shine again! Soon, fresh rows of tender green Shoot up where the seeds have been, Now, once more, the hoe and rake, Sure success comes in their wake! I{eep some yards of hose at hand, Water's always in demand. Just a bit of work, you see, Good fresh air for you and me; - Everybody's doing it, Come on, fellows, do your bit! --Nell Ruth Roffe. An imitation wool for filling mat- tresses and pillows is being made from cork in Spain. British Line Regiments. (Written in Flanders After the Second Battle of Ypres.) Last year they came across the sea To fight in Flanders' greasy plain, A dozen in each company Are all of them that now remain; It matters not that few survive, That losses mount to cent per cent.; Still there remains awake, alive, The Spirit of the Regiment. The same old stuff they seem to be, The same old qualities they show, Unconquerable infantry, The same to -day as long ago; In stench and heat, in dust and glare, In freezing mud and driving rain, Stubborn as their forefathers were 'Who fought with Wellington in Spain. Winter and summer making good, Through dawn attack and night alarm, The trenches in the sodden wood, The outpost line in field and farm; Though clay by day the Germans drench Our lines with poison gas and shell, Turning the torn and tattered trench, Into a high -explosive hell. Still at full strength upon parade, Special Reserve and *Section D, I They )told with bayonet, bomb and spade j Lands where the Prussians meant to be; No more by "smarter" corps despised, The Guards themselves cannot out-: shine The common, old, unadvertised Battalions of the English Line, --J, C. Faunthorpe, Lieut. -Col„ First United Provinces Horse, India, *A section of the British Army Re- serve. 3 Select from the root cellar a few good carrots, parsnips, turnips and onions and plant them in the garden for next year's seeds, The seede may not be quite as good as a seedsman would supply, but it will permit the seedsmen to supply some one else who otherwise would he obliged to go without, vir°'a (0)1„ -. Grateful to the Briton. Bow much America owes to the gal- lant Briton for standing between it and the Hun, says the Ohio State Journal, The British have been kill- ed by the thousands fighting for our cause, as well ea their own. The Briton -has saved this republic from a terrible peril, Through the smoke of the conflict we can see the British standing steadfast and dying fur the '(inion Jack and the Stars and Stripes. Hereafter Great Britain and the United States are united by a herd of friendship that can never be broken' France belongs, too, and they will constitute the triumvirate of civiliz- ation that will make the earth a de- cent place to live. Let us once get through the present ordeal and demo- cracy will be safe. Ocean Pressure. An expert salver explains that it is impossible to reclaim the Lusitania. She lies under a pressure of l40 lb, to the, square inch, Every pound of pree- sure represents nearly two feet of water—one atmosphere for every 33 feet. Therefore the Lusitania lies deeper than mortal man can go. We are constantly being told of neve in- ventions to enable men to sink lower into the water, but, says the London Daily Chronicle, there is no finer diver in the world than the Admiralty man, and 210 feet is his limit. Were St. Paul's flooded to the top of the cross descending divers could not ex- plore the lowermost 00 feet, Front now until the next harvest watch your grocery list or there will be no groceries to list. Canada consumes about twenty-five times as melt sugar as she produces. Last year her total sugar beet land was. about 16,000 acres, which yielded 14,000 tors of sugar. Good nature, happiness and laugh- ter are as contagious as a yawn. Happiness is a state of mind, and there is nothing that contributes more largely to the general well-being of society than a man with a 'hearty sense of humor, --Marshall J. Wilder. THE FUTURE OF MINTER HEATING ANCIENT METHODS OF WARM- ING DWELLINGS, Great Advances Have Been Made in Beating Facilities During the Last Century. What the future will brine; forth in the matter of whiter heating it is hard to tell. Possibly in years to come some wizard will invent a meth- od whereby the whole of the out of doors can be kept warm. Then heat- ers in the home will be done away with and summer will reign through- out the year. The people of those clays will look back at our present up- to-date methods of heating as being as benighted as we in our turn look back and regard those of our ances- tors. Yet those saute ancestore in their day ted generation doubtless thanked their lucky stars that they had been born in such an age of lux- ury. Fire itself has been.known to man- kind since prehistoric times and crude stoves made of stone and clay have been unearthed which were devised thousands of years ago and on which prehistoric man was able -to cook hie food. It was long after this, however, that devices designed for heating pur- poses were introduced. One of the earliest methods of heat- ing was by carrying a pan filled with glowing charcoal into the room to be heated. Even the wealthiest fami- lies among the Persians, Greeks and Romans heated their homes in this manner, This sante method is used to -clay by the Russian peasant, the Italian and the Spaniard. Suffocated by Gas, :e„ While this manner of heating had its advantages over no heating at all, it also had its disadvantages, and rather serious ones at that. As there were no chimneys nor nny special means of ventilation in those days, the gases and smoke from the fire escaped as best they could and were doubtless not: only annoying but dan- gerous. Emperor Julian wrote that he was almost suffocated by the gas and smoke from the firebrands brought in to warm his room in the palace which he ()coupled in Paris; while his less fortunate successor, Emperor Jovian, actually died from suffocation from the charcoal fire used in his bedroom. The Romans, however, improved on this method and we find that the Baths of Pompeii were heated by means of the hypocaust, w•hieh ipvented about 100 B.C. This con- sisted of. a love basement chamber, at the entrance of which fire wn: burned. By this means the room above was warmed, and also other neighboring rooms by flues which extended a!ono, the &Jere and upward im dde the walls. The water for the bathe wee warmed in tanks by the heat from the hypocaust and • vvas siphoned from one tank to another, the dif- ferent temperatures beim; regulated by the distance of•the tank from the hypocaust:. Many of the braziers from Pompeii had water tanks at one end, the ancestors of the preeent water- bucks of our modern ranges, The First Chimneys, During the Middle Age: the prin- cipal advance in heating wee made through the introduction of chimneys into private dwellings. They were first introduced into I eanc•e in the eighth century, but were rare and did not come into common uee until sev- eral hundred years later. In Poland during the early -part of the modern period houses were heated in winter by means of a kiln built into the room, but which was fired from the outside, In order to keep warm the family slept not only around the sides of the kiln, but also on top of it, The earliest fireplaces had no grates and the flue instead of extending up into a chimney merely terminated in a narrow slit which was cut through the wall not far above. th • fireplace. These fireplaces were far from being things of comfort, At the beginning of the seventeenth century investigators Amin to realize that most of the heat went up the chimney, and attempts w.ro made to conserve it bet building air paseages on either side of tho chimney, From this gradually developed the idea of our present -clay radiators. - Origin of the Box-Sioee. Ie 1744 Benjamin Franklin invented what he called the Pennsylvania fire- place. This consisted of at box -stove set out in the room away from. the wall and connected with the chimney by a flue which carried off the smoke and gee, The advantage of this idea was that but little heel wall wasted and was available from all .Rides of. the &e we at Once, •- The fuel in those day, was either charcoal or wood, though coal had been burned in China and was known though rarely used by the Simile Ae- thrachte coal Was long coneideed is mere stone and valueless It we; fi ;t burned successfully by Joseph Smith, in 1.312, just a little ,,more than a hundred years ago. • We have made vast stridee in our heating facilities during the last cen- tury, even during the last fey decades. Boiled millt makes a good substitute for cream in coffee, peo You CALL Ma I.1ELM/A ; ..ree YES- WAVE YOU cAllAR a WITsig•TrH2MRS. yes- 1 DANCED TOE LAST ORE W114 HER �Ij P�et& `40VIliiNK- SHE'S Vteki pRETehi. ! .'p _ `i ,S SHE'S PRETTY, ( Berf slie DoeSN`i )I , WEAR WEt-L `Y✓ !1'fel ,tr', * i • II fl>,, t 'i'. I `S,� I 8'r " Ir ai bol sNY WEAR:- I SEE- RU®5 OfF 0 A'414 14e t FaxF,,• i`.�"' S•" ,ij`,ite • f r=s L `Irl - eeser Int P i i�fnnt�hty•tx `'�`; `• w� ;� �.i 3,_.._„ - _ �r / °i ,w gyp' ,' �. Itil • :,t,�d ,,�r(, :. __..._._ � __ , '111 f r d '1 ^. ` 1� �i � s �� . ilii '��/�" �Iw. J�,`, y`�'' iiiiY I III�II��Ii"Ih�IlPilil�ll, ' •'`ii1�,11i1�`. .. sf p ,z ' Il°,�•'yi:... ! !' 4..sP? F. a �, 1.9..,,,;;i i Y: '1�;� • I _ ,1, till!i, "'"'• l l a 1 I t •n � f ., f �.. •,.�+ I ,�1.�' ,>'»r I I ul III I � Ii I P)-ii '� 1l' o-�c �! •a� xU ' "/ rf�� ,h� .. , SII 1� r Y t .- i•tgft:>i.'., —"+:. .,�q �•k {'�` I a °s, - .? `Z/ � �.illl r It�l •1!,V;I• f°`i' / ;i I tk ill) I•I' a •i..w1 r r t _ THE FUTURE OF MINTER HEATING ANCIENT METHODS OF WARM- ING DWELLINGS, Great Advances Have Been Made in Beating Facilities During the Last Century. What the future will brine; forth in the matter of whiter heating it is hard to tell. Possibly in years to come some wizard will invent a meth- od whereby the whole of the out of doors can be kept warm. Then heat- ers in the home will be done away with and summer will reign through- out the year. The people of those clays will look back at our present up- to-date methods of heating as being as benighted as we in our turn look back and regard those of our ances- tors. Yet those saute ancestore in their day ted generation doubtless thanked their lucky stars that they had been born in such an age of lux- ury. Fire itself has been.known to man- kind since prehistoric times and crude stoves made of stone and clay have been unearthed which were devised thousands of years ago and on which prehistoric man was able -to cook hie food. It was long after this, however, that devices designed for heating pur- poses were introduced. One of the earliest methods of heat- ing was by carrying a pan filled with glowing charcoal into the room to be heated. Even the wealthiest fami- lies among the Persians, Greeks and Romans heated their homes in this manner, This sante method is used to -clay by the Russian peasant, the Italian and the Spaniard. Suffocated by Gas, :e„ While this manner of heating had its advantages over no heating at all, it also had its disadvantages, and rather serious ones at that. As there were no chimneys nor nny special means of ventilation in those days, the gases and smoke from the fire escaped as best they could and were doubtless not: only annoying but dan- gerous. Emperor Julian wrote that he was almost suffocated by the gas and smoke from the firebrands brought in to warm his room in the palace which he ()coupled in Paris; while his less fortunate successor, Emperor Jovian, actually died from suffocation from the charcoal fire used in his bedroom. The Romans, however, improved on this method and we find that the Baths of Pompeii were heated by means of the hypocaust, w•hieh ipvented about 100 B.C. This con- sisted of. a love basement chamber, at the entrance of which fire wn: burned. By this means the room above was warmed, and also other neighboring rooms by flues which extended a!ono, the &Jere and upward im dde the walls. The water for the bathe wee warmed in tanks by the heat from the hypocaust and • vvas siphoned from one tank to another, the dif- ferent temperatures beim; regulated by the distance of•the tank from the hypocaust:. Many of the braziers from Pompeii had water tanks at one end, the ancestors of the preeent water- bucks of our modern ranges, The First Chimneys, During the Middle Age: the prin- cipal advance in heating wee made through the introduction of chimneys into private dwellings. They were first introduced into I eanc•e in the eighth century, but were rare and did not come into common uee until sev- eral hundred years later. In Poland during the early -part of the modern period houses were heated in winter by means of a kiln built into the room, but which was fired from the outside, In order to keep warm the family slept not only around the sides of the kiln, but also on top of it, The earliest fireplaces had no grates and the flue instead of extending up into a chimney merely terminated in a narrow slit which was cut through the wall not far above. th • fireplace. These fireplaces were far from being things of comfort, At the beginning of the seventeenth century investigators Amin to realize that most of the heat went up the chimney, and attempts w.ro made to conserve it bet building air paseages on either side of tho chimney, From this gradually developed the idea of our present -clay radiators. - Origin of the Box-Sioee. Ie 1744 Benjamin Franklin invented what he called the Pennsylvania fire- place. This consisted of at box -stove set out in the room away from. the wall and connected with the chimney by a flue which carried off the smoke and gee, The advantage of this idea was that but little heel wall wasted and was available from all .Rides of. the &e we at Once, •- The fuel in those day, was either charcoal or wood, though coal had been burned in China and was known though rarely used by the Simile Ae- thrachte coal Was long coneideed is mere stone and valueless It we; fi ;t burned successfully by Joseph Smith, in 1.312, just a little ,,more than a hundred years ago. • We have made vast stridee in our heating facilities during the last cen- tury, even during the last fey decades. Boiled millt makes a good substitute for cream in coffee,