Loading...
The Brussels Post, 1890-9-12, Page 1Volume 18. ni lf. THE FARMERS OF SIAM. 8Y FRANK O. CARPENTER. Tho biggest farmer in the world is the King of Siam, His plantation is five times the size of the State of Now York, and his field hands number rix millions. The other kings of the far East have only a nominal right to their lands and their subjects; the Siam'eee King owns his, body and soul. Every foot of territory in hie realm belonge to him, and hie people are his elaveo. Siam is naturally one of the richest agricultural countries of the far East. Its soil, poorly tilled, ie so rioh that it prodaoee orop after Drop without the aid of manure; end, though not one -twentieth of the land ie culti- vated, it brings the King an annual har- vest of $10,000,000, and he has a surplus of $50,000,000 piled np in his treasury. DESCRIPTION Or SIAM. Siam ie a great wedge at the lower and of the vast peninsula of Indo-China. It is bounded on the aides and at the top by the French posseesi0ne of Tonquin and the English principality of Burmah. These two nations aro casting their covetous eyes upon it. It is a land of some mountains and many valleys. The mighty Menem river flows from north to south through it, and the valley of this ie one of the richest agricultural regions of the world. Forty miles from its mouth lies Bangkok, a town of about 700,000 people, 600,000 of whom live in floating houeee fastened to piles along the batiks of the rivers. These floating houses are found all along the valley of the Menem, and they line the rivers of the interior. During the rainy Beason a vast part of the country ie flooded, and the farmers go from one part of it to another in boats. Many farmers live in floating houses, and when their estates lie along the banks of the river they can float from one end of their little plantations to the other by simply loosing the bands which bind their houses to the piles. The country has a system of land laws, and, though the Xing really owns every foot of it, and ooutd confiaoate estates if he would, the farmers have a certain right of tenure to their lands, and as long as they pay their taxes they can buy and eon them and will them to their children just as they do in other countries. The taxes constitute the King's rents, and these are very high. All land is taxed ab ten per Dent. of its value. The crops are taxed, and on everything that the farmer owns they must pay a high rate of taxation. There are taxes on imports and exports. All oultivated lands pay about sixty conte an are. Fruit trees pay a tax, Houses, whether floating or stationary, are taxed, and all sorts of boats have each their fixed tax per year. Floatinghoases whioh have goods for sale pay about $1.50 yearly for can room in the house, and those used as gambling shops and lottery station( pay an additional percentage. Wooden poste pay a tax of ten per Dent. Firewood pays ten per Dent., and vege- tablesand obiokens, ducks and hogs must give a certain percentage to the govern- ment, uocording to their weight. In ad- dition to this there are taxes on all kinds of fishing implements, on farm tools, and, in short, on everything that the Siamese wears, sate or drinks. The biggest tax, however, is that of labor. This big Farmer King has the right to call upon every one of his tenants for three months of hard labor during the year. He delegates this right to the governors of bib provinces and the heads of villages, and the result is that often when the farmers should be harvesting their own grope they have to turn in and harvest those of the King. The women, consequently, have to do the greater part of the work, and the men are little better than slaves. This three menthe may be increased, as the necessities of the King demand. THE WAY RICE IS enLTIVATEn. BRUSSELS, ONTARIO, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1890. Number 9. and be now levies no tax for five years on new fields, and the man who oloare s piooe of land has a property right to it. The Chinese in this way are fast eating up Siam. Thoy do the main part of the business of Bangkok, and their numbers are so largo and Immigration is so groat that the Siamese race will eventually be swallowed up by them. IRRIGATION Or THE LAND. These Chinese havo introduoed their methods of irrigation, and there are others whioh have been in use from time immemorial. The ordinary methods are much the same as those of other Eastern countries. Two women or girls dip up water in a basket, pitched within and without to prevent its leaking. They stand on the higher bank above the canal and give the basket a swing by four strings which they have attached to it. They pull these Orme as it dips into the water and lift from six to eight gallons to the higher level, where it rune off into the fields. The system of having small buckets around a great wheel, whioh is turned by a man or woman walking up it like the dog on the churn, is also in nee, and in some places the old-fashioned well -sweep is need. Labor is Tory cheap. Farm hands get from one dollar to a dollar an d a half a week and board themeely es, and there is a great deal of debt labor. MUM MOERY. Money brings high rates of interest in Siam. The prevailing rate on mortgage paper is fifteen per cont., but the interest is allowed to run only until it equals the principal, and after that it stops. In case, however, that the debtor can not pay his creditor the latter can enslave him and he bas to work out the debt. He oan put him in chains and force him to work by whipping. Aearule he keeps lending him more during the servitude, and the result is that such slavery some. times lasts for many years. I saw near Bangkok men in chains engaged in fell- ing and hauling timber, and I was told they were debt slaves. They bad steel anklets with great iron bars connecting them on their bare lags, and in one or two cases several men ,were chained to- gether. Tho mortgaged farmer of Siam has a much worse prospect than he of our Western States, for if his land will not sell to pay the debt he himself has to go into the service of hie creditor. Mort- gages are entered into here just as they are in America, with the hope of paying off the debt at harvest time. in racemes, like currants, from a climb. ing vine trained like a hop vine upon trees or tree stamps whioh have been out off high up from the ground, and good bearing vines will yield two good loropps s year. Very little cultivation is needed. Cuttings of the vines about eighteen inuhee long are buried at the root of a tree, and as they grow the vines are train. ed toward the trunk. In Ootober and November the plants are mattered with a mixture of leaves and cow dung, and in soros oases with heaps of leaves. On dry soil it is necessary to water the plants every other day during the dry seasons, for the first three years, and at the age of four or five years the plants begin to bear. They continue to bear from seven to fourteen years, and I am told that the crop is a most profitable one. The principal crop is harvested in December and January, and the other becomes rips about July or August. The harvest commencer as soon as the berries begin to turn red and they are collected at this time and dried for the market. A good average yield for a plant is two pounds of pepper per annum. waniEN DO THE MARRETINO. The marketing of Siam and the selling are largely done by the women. I visit- ed one of the markets in Bangkok. It was on the main land and coneieted of a great low shed filled with platforms about twenty feet square and a foot high. These platforms are covered with great palm leaves upon whioh were spread the wares of the market women. In the cen- tre of each platform was a pillar whioh helped to support the roof of the shed, and against the four sides of this pillar four women leaned their backs. Half naked and with her legs crossed, each had a number of little piles of onions, pieces of cabbages and other vegetables before her, and I looked in vain for either scales or measures. In this market the only measure was the eye and everything was sold at so mach per pile. There was no paper or string used in wrapping np the vegetables and everything was put into a palm -leaf and fastened there with a little wooden toothpick -like pis. Each woman had a betel box and some cigar. ettes beside her and all chatted and smoked as the market went on. The whole looked very barbarous in oompari- son with the markets of our western civ- ilization, ivilization, but Siam is now at the begin- ning of a change. The present king is the most enter. prising ruler the country has ever had. He has established an Agrioultural Do. partment and is doing all he can, re- stricted as he ie by the ignorance and superstition which prevail, to advance the interests of his people both as to civ- ilization and wealth. THE 110E fORVEO'T. This is the great time of the year, and the barvoating of Siam is worthy of men- tion. When the rice ie ready for nutting it looks very much like an American oats or wheat field. If the land is dry it is. out with sickles, and steadied similar to American wheat. When the waters are slow in going down the farmers some- times move through the fields in Mate and out off the heads of the rice and pat them into baskets. The thrashing is done by buffaloes or oxen. A dry place is first pioked out for s thrashing floor. The grass is out off and the ground is made smooth and level, a coat of plaster of cow manure and water being spread over it to make it solid. After this is thoroughly dried a pole ie planted in the centre and the grain is ,then thrown all ("boat this for a ratline of fifteen feet or more. To the pole six or eight buffaloes or oxen are then tied aide by side and they are driven around and around over the straw until the rice is tramped out and separated. The Siamese leave never heard of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and they do not hesitate to push these oxen to the ut- most. One of the favorite ways of ac- celerating their speed during the thresh. ing is by twisting the tails of the beasts, and with the goad in one hand and ox's tail in the other a naked Siamese boy oan get a raoing speed out of a very poor beast. The Siamese farmers, like those of all other Eastern countries, huddle together in little villages, and they go out from these to work their fields, whioh surround the towns. The fields are unfenced, and cattle are herded all the year round. Cattle thieves and crop thieves are num- erous, and it is only by eternal vigilance that the farmers are able to nye their orops. The principal Siamese crop is rice, and rice constitutes the food of the people. There ie no better country in the world for raising it than Siam. The lowlands are easily irrigated and the rainy season !nets from May till October. The climate is tropioal and the winters are like our summers. Ilverytbing grows almostspontaneonely, and two grope a year are not uncommon. The rise fields are laid off in lots of about one•tbird of an acre, each eurronnded by an embank- ment of earth about a foot and a half high for the purpose of holding water when the land is prepared for planting. The rice is first sprouted in little patches, and when it is a foot high it is pulled itti , tied into bunabee and taken to these little fields, whioh are then covered with about six inches of water. It is there trans- planted, the men, women and children bending over and thrusting the strike deep into the soft nand under the water. A good workman Dau sot oat about a third of an hare a day, and the planting season is any time between June and October. The harvest time comes along about Christmas, and in many parte of the country these rine Holds are arti- ficially irrigated. HCLLINO RICE. After the rine is wall thrashed it is winnowed in the wind and then packed away for nee or for sale. That whioh is used by the family is bulled by the women, who pound 11 out with mortar and pestle. Of late years some steam rice mills have been established in Bang. kolk, and the first was put up by an American firm, but they did not succeed and they sold their plant. Of late years, however, the product of Siamese rine has eo Wormed that there are now fifteen Anne rice milts in Bangkok, and these mills are in charge of foreign engineers. RUDE IMFLEMENT5. TILE INDOLENT SIAMESE. The irrigation of Siam inoreaaes every year, and it is obiefly the work of the Chinese eettlero. The Siamese them. selves, owing largely to their servitude under the King, aro lazy and do not ac- oumulete. 'Many of them gointo the Buddhiat priesthood, and the balk of the work of the poor families is dons by the women. The Chinese settlers are the harp worker(' of Farther India. They have to pay a poll tax, but they are not subject to forced labor. They aro fndee- triaus and economical, and they come by the tbousands into Sian. They marry r $iatn000 girt' and in tittle r e acquire p party. The King is very anxione to in- crease the cultivable arta Of bis territory, Meesre. Johnston & Cochrane, marble cutters, offer a handsome polished marble table top, 3 Leet square, valued at $18, for the beet 50 poende tub butter, the butter to become property of donors, For the beet oaks (no fruit) mads with Deadman'e Baking Powder, lot 750„ 2nd Soo. Smith, Maloolm & Gibson, furniture manufacturers, offer a centre table worth $8.50 for the beet oolleotion of the follow. ing cakes (halt dozen of sash):—Ginger nape, cookies, tea biscuits, tarts, short cakes mei ono sponge cake. The farming implements of Siam are of the rudest description. The culti- vation of the whole country is done with a plow that an American farmer would not nee. It consists of a crooked stick with one handle, and it has a plowshare of oust iron about a( big as a mans hand. This plowshare has a little bele in one end of it in whioh one end of the crooked stink is put and the whole outfit costa about $1,26. It oats a furrow about two intense deep and five Mabee wide and it is drawn by an ox or buffalo whioh is at. twilled to it by a yoke and rope barnese. When two oxen are used the plow hes a sort of tongue whioh is fastened to the yoke on the neoke of the team and in both oasea the (minutia are driven not by lines but by a sort of rope halter fastened to a hole in the nose of the ox. The her. row is equally rads. It consists of a long rake with wooden teeth attached to a bamboo Magee whioh is fastened to the ox's yoke. It has an oval handle whioh the woman or men holds and upon which she Metre down in ordor to break the elods and drive the troth in the deeper. Siam raises plenty of vegetables and fruits, Pineapples are a drug in the mar- ket ; and lemons, citrons, and potnegran• ¢tee are abundant. Moet delicious or. angor oust half a cont apiece in Bangkok and you oan get bananas for two cents it dozen, The Meg are always green and the roses end other' Amore bloom all the year totted. TIIE PEMMR INDUSTRY. East Huron Fall Fair. )i'rom the beginning they were raised A. number of yonag ladies from Detroit, from seed almost without exponee. Of Kalamazoo and Saginaw City, Mioh„ are course it is in Lafayette Park that one to attend Aima Ladies College, St. finds the most beautiful assembiagejof Thomas. trees in Washington ; in feat, that perk Spencer, the young son of Mr, Earn. contains one of the finest collection of shaw, Port Stanley, took an old not gun trees in the world, brought from all parts to the barn to shoot a hawk, and while of the earth to contribute to the loveliness sitting on the fence with his hand on the of one of the little sylvan rectangles with gen, waiting for the bird, the gun went whioh the Capitol abounds. off, the charge passed through bis hand Congress has reaobed the beginning of and chattered the thumb iu a frightful the end. The popular favor with whioh manner. Blsine's reciprocity suggestion was re- John Melville and John Brown, two oeived has compelled theRepublioan lead- farmers, went bear -hunting in Cumber. ars in both houses to yield ; but in ao land township. Russell. In the night doing they are discrediting the plan as Melville heard a noise, and observing a much as possible and giving it as little dark objeot fired. The report was fol. mope. In the Hones men who had to lowed by a human shriek. The shot had abandon the idea of reading Blaine from taken fatal effect in Brown, killing him the party will relieve their feelings by instantly. slurring at his plan and then adopting a Peter Small mounted a chair in front little of it. Having decided upon this of hie Viotoria street office, Toronto, course they are oounting on an adjourn- Monday afternoon and auotioneered off merrb between the 21st and 25th of this Lawyer John Creighton's wedding suit, month, and it is safe to sesame that Con- made by Archibald Macdonald, 365 Yonge greys will now be in shape to adjourn be- street. As stated some weeks ago the fore the let of Oat. suit, whioh cost nearly 3100, was paid Firer Assistant Postmaster General for and ready to leave the tailor shop Clarkson was an ideal official of the Jack- when seized to satisfy an old Division soaian school. He was .honest about it, court judgment obtained against the bar - too, and honesty is not always necessary rister a couple of years ago by Mies to political ealvabion. He was for sprite Barton, of 95 Bloor street west, who bad first, last and all the time, and was pop- loaned or entreated money to him which War because he carried hie banner on the she had trouble in colleoting. The sale outer wall. His manner rather then his was delayed, as it was expected that an opinion made him friends, even among effort would be made to redeem the those who differed widely with him. clothes by satisfying the execution, bat Congressman Smyzer has been frozen Mr. Creighton went away up to Lake out of the Raum investigation by his own Simcoo on bis holidays soon afterwards refrigerator stock, and iceman Turner and nobody else interested themselves remains the only man wbo has yet scored more than to speculate how the matter a emcees in the amalgamation of frigid- would end. Peter's eloquence in des- ity and polities. oription of the dress snit was loot on the Brother Wanamaker says be doesu'I unsentimental crowd. The highest hid want to be President. or Senator, but, of he obtained was 316.50 from the tailor comae, any man may be coaxed. who made it, and it was knocked down to him. This sum does not yet liquidate Canadian Newt+• Miss Barton's claim completely, whish was over 340. Meanwhile Lawyer A dancing club bas been formed as Creighton has not been married. Sarnia. During the past two weeks Guelph has Heavy rains have interfered with the has harbored an American boodler, who harvest in Manitoba. was run down on Thursday. George W. H. Panton, registrar of the County Bosenbaek was employed by Baken Bros., of Hastings, died on Saturday. book pnbliahers of Detroit, and succeeded At Portage la Prairie, Man., the wheat in defrauding the firm out of some $500. market bas opened at 85 cents. His mode of operation was to (moors the Hagereville is to have a high school first payment on a book, whioh was sold building, at an estimated Dost of $6,000. on the instalment plan, and pocket it - A Sarnia man olaims to have made as When be heard that his employers were =oh as 35 and 36 a day by oetcbing "camped on his trial," he skipped out, and selling frogs. coming to Guelph. Mr. Baken arrived A Hamilton workman named Bradley in the oity on Thursday, end prooured a was killed by the saving in of a drama in warrant from Judge Drew for the young whioh he was working. man's apprehension. This was handed Photographer Dixon, of Toronto, sus. to Chief Randall, who, from the des - woefully crossed the Niagara !bluer on a oription given him of the man wanted, wire cable on Saturday, soon located his game, When Bossnbaok The contract for building the Walker. was accosted he stated that bis name was ton postoffioe has been let to Tighe Bros., Laing, and that he was employed by a of Toronto, at 314,560. firm of book publishers doing business in Editor Watson offers bis paper, the the Arcade at Toronto, but on Mr. Bakes Dundas Standard for sale. He intends recognizing him he was taken prisoner retiring from the newspaper business. and arraigned before Honor Judge Drew. The hall given by the Lieutenant Gov- The court offered him an opportunity of ernor of Quebec in honor of Prince returning to Detroit with hre former em - George of Wales was a most brilliant ploy train cis s the accepted eoStraiten on the event. first' The contract for the new City Hall • and civic buildings at Brandon bas been People We Know. awarded to Major Stewart, of Ottawa, the figure being $38,869. Mrs, Jno. Semi is in Lucknow. Rev. G. R. Turk, of the Dublin street John Rivers, of Woolatock, is home church, Guelph, has been invited to the on a visit. Pastorate of the Galt Methodist church J. Creighton, of Palmerston, was home to commence next June. on Sunday. Dr. Cassidy has been appointed chair- Mrs. Deadman and children Sandaled mac of the Provincial Board of Health, in Goderich. and R. A. Lyon, ex -M. P. P., bas been W. H. Willis, of Mitchell, was in town appointed registrar of Fast Algoma. last Sunday. White amber has been discovered oe a Mies Olara Creighton is visiting reli- 100•aore farm in Bedford, and the owner tives in Granton. of the property has deolinod an offer of W. Farrow end H. Brendle spent Sun• 310,000 for it. He demands double that day in Belgravia sum. D. Armstrong and wife were in Wal. The Mayor of Bowmanville has re- kerion last week. signed his position as chief magistrate of Mies Stark, of Seaforth, is visiting that town on account of ill health, and Mrs. Watson Ainley. his resignation has been accepted by the Miss Luaus, of Belmore, spent a few Council. days in town last week. Rudolph Bentley, of Port Lambton, D. Robb, Inspector of public schools, Ont., has been oommitted for trial at was iu town on Wednesday. Sarnia, charged with setting fire to the Mies W. Babb, of Sydney, Man., is butcher shop of Wm. Davis at Port visiting relatives in Brussels. Lambton. Mrs. Grant and. children, of Dakota, Mrs. Hector McFarlane, of Ekfrid, was are visiting at W. R. Wilson's. badly injured a day or two ago by a sow, Leslie O'Connor is at Mitchell this whioh ran at her and knocked her down week relieving a brother operator. when she opened the door of the stable Richard Williams was away at Hays - in whioh the animal was confined. ville, Wilmot township„last week. A orioket match between an eleven of Wm. and Walter Burgess enjoyed a ladies and an equal number of gentlemen, few days visit at Belmore this week. handicapped with broomstioks for bats, Mrs. J. H. Brownlee, of Ottawa, ie is talked of, and will probably take place visiting her father, Postmaster Farrow. on Teoumeeh Paris in about two weeks. Mrs. Rankin, of Oalgary, N. W. T., is The rear oars of a freight train broke the guest of 'Ara, J. T. Pepper this week. loose on a grade near Owen Sound on D. McDonald was at Lnoknow on Wed. the C. P. R. and the afternoon express nesday attending the Caledonian games. name in coutaot with them, making a A little daughter of Rev, Jno. Rose' pretty bad smash. No one was serious. bas been very poorly for some time list. ►yMrs.rpast. Hamilton, of Bayham,fover S. Fear and wife are away this week 60 years of age, was killed near Port enjoying a visit with their sons in To. Burwell last week. She was returning ronto. with a small load of bay, when the Hugh Williams paid a hurried visit to horse took fright and ran sway, throw- Peel township to see his brother. who fa ing her out. - She died in about three very sick. hours after the accident, Rev. W. E. Kerr has gone to Montreal A gang is operating in a new way on where he will attend college. He went farmers atoned Galt. They watch until via Oakville. they see a farmer leave a farm im. Mies Kate Wilson and Miss Mabel pigment in a distant field of some portion Smith spent s few days visiting friends of his farm, and then they come dawn on in Wingham. it, break it np and it is presumed carry Rev, John Mulholland is home on a 11 off to be sold as old iron to the junk short visit to his parents. He is now shop keeper. ionated in Montana. A youth named Robinson has been Stanley Anacreon{ loaves Brussels on committed by P, Pa. Chadwick, of Inger. Saturday for Toronto, where ba purposes soli, to four years in bks reformatory. staying for .tbout two months. Be was arrested by Chief Northgraves on Rev. John Ross, B. A., and Rev. fe, a oherge of hitting an old lady named Jones were at Wingham on Tuesday at - Smith on the head with a stone, and es tending the Maitland Presbytery, the father admitted that the lad was be. Rev, A. A. Bowers, a fernier resident yond his control. His Worship gent him of Brussels, passed through on the train down to Kinegton for the time mentioned. last Saturday on hie way to Kincardine. The lad is only 11 years of ago, Bo o0oupies a position in "Truth” office, A ohild of Daniel Cummings, of Toronto. Guelph, eighteen months old, was asvore- Wee. Barb, who has bean catcher for ly burned by carbolic acid Met Thursday the Brussels bale ball olab for Some night. The mother had been tieing it, time, lett total this week for his Home and left it where an older child got hold at Dresden. We believe ho pnrposse of it. The younger child male a grab going to the S'tetee shortly. for the bottle, and an the struggle for it The editor of Tee POST left on Monday the cork came otib and the liquid ran for Montreal where he attend( the down inside the obild's clothing front ite Geuoral Conferehoe of the Methodist throat to its feet. The chest le badly ohuroh ae a delegate. 'lute. Karr and buruod, tea serious regatta aro amici. Leslie are Visiting 1010115es in Deeds(' and 1latnilton. Death Of Rev. J. Broley. The citizens of Palmerston were ehooked on Tuesday morning of last week when the rumor spread over the town that the Rev. Jamas Broley had died suddenly on the previous night at the reeidence of E. S. Robbins. Al- though the death of the rev. gentleman was sudden in one sense of the word, it was not so in the way in whioh that term is generally need, as he bas been under medical .treatment for sometime. Mr. and Mre. Broley had received invitations to spend a few days with Mr. and Mrs. Robbins, and as Mr. Robbins knew that Mrs. Broley was not in the best of health, he provided a carriage to convey her from the station to bis house, and on the arrival of the train he was sur- prised to find Mr. Broley was more in need of the conveyance than was his wife. On arriving at the house, Dr. Stewart was Bent for, and attended the rave gentleman in his professional capa- city. On Monday afternoon the doctor reported the patient in a very bad way, as he was suffering internally from violent neuralgic affection, but so sudden a termination of the illness was not at that time anticipated. The rev. gentle. man passed away about 6:40 next morn- ing. The deceased gentleman was appoint- ed pastor of the Methodist ohuroh here in 1881, and at the end of three years was removed to Seaforth, and from there he went to Elora and at the time of his decease was pastor 9E the Methodist ohuroh in Fergus. As a preaober the rev. gentleman was possessed of talents of a very high order, his sermons always dvidonoing great study of the subject treated of whilst the language was choice, elegant and ap• propriate, delighting the fastidious in such matters, yet easily understood by the unlettered. On Wednesday morning the remains of the rev. gentleman were removed from the house in which he died to the railway station for oonveyan0e to Fele gas, where the interment took place on Thursday. The membereof the Masonic Lodge, together with the members of the craft from Harriston and Listowel, ac- companied the mortal remains of their deceased brother to the station. By this sudden visitation of the grim messenger a widow and three children are left to mourn the loss of their earth- ly protector, and to them we offer our heartiest sympathy.—Palmerston Tele- graph. Washington Letter. (From our Regular Oorraepoadent.l WASHINGTON, Sept. 5, '00. The arraignment of the Senate of the United States by Mr. Kennedy, of Ohio, and his rantankerous attack upon a pro- minent member of that body, who is also high in the councils of the Republioan party, render it imperative upon the House to purge itself of the contempt at- taching to such a fragrant violation of parliamentary privilege. If not, the act of one of its members becomes virtually its own act, and the House is put in the position of having made want on anima- tion of war upon the Senate and accepted Mr. Kennedy's leadership in the assault. The gentleman from Ohio should have been called to order when it woos seen what direction his extraordinary pbilip- pie was taking. But the House may Mill relieve itself by expunging from the reoord the remarks that he has "with- held for revision." Otherwise the Sen- ate must, perforce, take notice of pro- ceedings that are entered upon the offs. Dial minutes in suoh truoulent derogation of its honor and dignity. It cannot af- ford to be °barged with wearing a "cloak of courtesy that has become a stench in the nostrils and a byword in the mouths of all the honest citizens of the land," and behind which "petty party bickerers may barter away a party's principles and play the demagogue in the face of the people.' Said Mr. ,Kennedy: "If the Roman toga had been bedraggled in the filth and mire of centuries, surely the cloak of Senatorial courtesy has bean used to bide the infamy and corruption whioh has diehonored and disgraced a body whioh was Duce the proudest in the land. Again, referring to Senator Quay, Mr. Kennedy stamps him as a leader who by his course upon the force bill has be- trayed his party, and to whom Judas Iscariot left all exempla worthy of imita- tion, in that he weht out and hanged himself. The,$enate is accused of har- boring this "branded criminal." Clan it remain silent under such an imputation upon itself and upon one of its moat in- fluential end oonsliioaous members 7 Washington might appropriately be called the City of Trees. To them it owes a large share of its beauty for tvhinh it is famed, and assuredly thin beauty will be greatly enhanced when a few more years have passed by and every street and avenue has become, through the natural growth of Plante now only half developed, au aroned aisle of luxur- iant foliage. Before very many summers have same and gond the'lindone of Moa- saobusetts avenue will aurpase beyond comparison those which have given fame to the celebrated promenade in Dalin. It has boon estimated thee the trees of Washington have increased the value of real estate 20 par dont, The perking ooimniseion Dever waits for it street•to be graded end built upon before planting it. No sooner is a now one laid out than, as gttioltly as the line it will take is known, trees are sot out along it. Considering What trees have done for Washington the SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS. The Direotors of the East Huron Fall Exhibition have arranged the following attractive program for the coming Fair, to be held in Brneaels on Thursday and Friday, October 2nd and 8rd: T00115DA1 EVENING. Selections by Brussels band. Duette, violin and organ. Club swinging. Se. Motions by orchestra. FRIDAY'S PROGRAM. A wood sawing contact will take place on the Show grounds at 1 o'clock sharp. let prize, $2 ; and, 31. Indian club swinging—Boys over 16 (or men), 1st, 75o., 2nd, 50o., 8rd, 250. Boys under 16, 1st, 750., 2nd, 800., 3rd, 25o. Girls over 16, 1st, 75o., 2nd, 50o.,' 3rd, 25o. Girls under 16, let, 75o., 2nd, 50o., 3rd, 25o. Highland dancing—Highland Fling and sword danoe (open to men or boys)let, $4 ; 2nd, 32. Highland Fling and heen Trees (girls or women), let, 34 ; 2nd, $2. Old man's rape, 100 yards, 60 years or over ((trrmers only), lst, 38 ; 2nd, $2. Boys' race, under 16,100 yards (farmers' sons), lab, $2 , ''205, 31. 150 yard race (open to farmers), 1st, $3 2nd 2 Molting football, 1st, 50o., 2nd, 25o. Bagpipe competition—March, Strath- spey and Reel, let, 34 ; 2nd, 32. Tug of war, between Morris and Grey townships, ten residents of each ou s side, Prize 310.00. ar80000 runes. Thos. MaLauohlin, Jos. Webster, Peter Molewan, L. MoNeil and Robt. MoMillan, the well-known importers of thoro'•bred horses, beve made up the following prizes :—Beat stallion with three spring foals of his stook, led by halter, 1st, 312 ; 2nd, 38 ; 3rd, 35. Exhibition at one o'clook sharp. Conrad Miohml will give prizes for the two beet Dolts sired by his imported Clydesdale stallion "Toon Clerk," let, $8 ; 2nd, 32. A. F. Embnryoffers the following prizes for spring foals aired by his imported horse "Young Tastesall":—Horse colt, let $3, 2nd 32 ; mare foal, let 33, 2nd 32. idesers. Ewan & Walker offer for the best walking farm team one neokyoke complete and wood work of whiffietrees. Messrs. Plum & Roberta, blacksmiths, will shoe, all round, gratis, the best buggy horse. Bost fatted [steer or heifer, 32.00, by Joseph Clegg. G. A. Deadman offers for the best heifer (age considered) sired by his Jersey bull, let 31, 2nd 75o. Beat two beebels Carter's Prize Prolific 2 -rowed English malbini barley, from seed imported by Dominion Government last spring, 1st (by Robt. Graham, grain dealer), 38 ; 2nd (by Thos, Farrow, post- master), 32. W. H. hloCraoken offers, to purchasers of seed from hire, asfollows:--Six Stvsde turnips, 151 60c., 2nd 26a. ; Mx long red mongols( let 60o., 2nd 26o. ;• six yellow globe mangels, 1st 60o., 2nd 250. W. 13. Kerr offers Tho Brueaele POST for one year for alio two largest pump. kins, they to b000mo his property. Pare, Wm. Ballantyne offere for the Iargelt loon ire+h hon eggs, prolleced on the premien of exhibitor, let 75o., Ind 5000, T. Fleisher, jeweler, offers a silver cruet, be an eight day oiook, valued at $0.60, for the beat 50 pound tub of batter, the butter 10 become his property. One of the most profitable crops is the pepper oeop, and Slain exports about 3200,000 worth of bleak pepper every year, The pepper plantations ata largely taanailad b Chinese. The berries grow city's ilivoetmenb bits been very mall, paled.