HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1888-1-20, Page 1Volume 18.
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BRUSSELS, ONTARIO, FRIDAY, JAN, 20, 1888.
Number 28.
mers 111 ci1
FarCoon 11
A Very Successful
Institute.
Tho annual meeting of the Bast Iiuron
Farmers' Institute was held on Friday
and Saturday of last week and was the
most successful withal ingyet held in this
section. There was a largo attendance
at all the sessions, the number varying
from ono to three hundred. The discus.
sfoos were animated and full of praotionl
snggoationa. Tho presence of Prof. Pan-
ton, of the Ontario Agriaulturnl College
end 8. Rennie, of Soarborn', gold medal-
ist for the beet farm in Ontario, added
very materially to the pleasure and profit
of the Institute, At the opening session
the following office bearer, were elected
for the ensuing year :—Prneidont, 11.
McFadden ; 1st vice, John McCrae ; 2nd
vice, Robt, Gibson ; Seo.-Treas., Wm.
Bishop. Directors, Mullett township, R.
Moltlillan and Jno. Britton ; Morris, Jas.
Sharp and S. Walker sr, ; Grey, S. Amos
end D. Robertson 1 Howiok, T. r Boddy
and Wm. MnKerricher ; Turnberry, B
Blank and T. Mnsgrovc ; MoXillop, T.
Hays and A. Gardner ; Wroxeter, T. B.
Sanders and Robt. Gibson ; Brussels, W.
FI. MoCraokon and T. N. HneoIite1. The
President was appointed delegate to the
Central Institute. The auditors report
showed Oho receipts for last year
to be $123.44 and the disbursements $98..
97, leaving a balance of $24.47 on hand.
The membership is over one hundred.
FRIDAY .trasnxoo a,
This session was opened by a brief yet
spirited address by the President. He
wondered at the apathy of the farthing
community in the important questions
-that concerned then] and recommended
that they ahould take a leaf from the
Knights of Labor in the matter of organ-
ization. Questions are coming up that
will require .unity among the farmers
and he was pleased to see an increasing
interest being manifested intoe Institute.
Was pleased to have Prof, Panton and
Mr. Rennie with them and without tak-
ing further time would introduce' Prof,
Panton.
Prof. Penton spoke of tho success of
thie tour of his among the farmers' 10.
atltutes. The objects to be gained by
thus meeting together were many but
the leading anon were :—(1) The preptera.
tion and discussion of pal ors on subjects
of interest to'the farmer. There should
be pithy, practical lad directed at one
) part.(9) The social element. Men gut
yyy acquainted with one another. `There is
p an interchange of thought and fueling.
, (3) Able to wok along the same line.
Five groups of Inetitu•es were now being
held and he was glad to see that they
were becoming popular. If energy
ve o eco mu son
1and brains were thrown into farming
there is no danger of failure hi the future.
;
The President int+oduoed the topic
k"Breeding, raising and eduoatiug the
)driving horse," (1) Select a native mare
(with warm blood, with good foot, neither
toeing out nor in. (9) Breed 1'o a thorn'.
bred trotter, with good record and pedi.
gree. (3) Conmeuce to handle the foal
When four or nye months old. Don'tIbo
afraid to feed the colt Elate. (4) When
coming 2 years old bridle, with a straight
bit and acoustom to handling, and to
noise and anything likely to frighten it.
Rein up and put on harness. Teach the
animal to observe the command "whoa,"
and to stand until occupants are seated
in conveyance. The speaker then pro-
ceeded telpher/ Allow he would trop.t a
kicker, a oribber and n beulker, Ho also
told how to tell the age of a horse. R.
McMillan, A. Gardner, T. Straohau,J.
B. Iineehtel, J. Taylor W. H. Karr and
Prof. Panton je-ined in abs discussion.
"Rotation of crops" was the next sub-
ject, introduced: by Mr. Rennie. Ho said
agriculture may become a pleasant and
profitable enpiloymert if the farmer
throws all his forces into it. In the cul-
tivation of the soil there are three things
to be considered : 1st, The crops ; 9nc1,
The consumption ; 3rd, The manner and
benefits of rotation. flamenco was made
to the insects that prey upon the growing
grain and the b. -milts of change of peal -
tion instanced by the good effects in
traneplantiug an urohurd, slat. Mr. Ron-
nie gave hie rotation as sod, peas, wheat,
ante, runts, barley, hay, grass. He sowed
with a drill. He believed in sube,iling
in',he fall on clay land. The plow he
used for sod was the South Bend Chill.
Sowed about 1,1 bushels of wheat to the
:tore.: Ln his locality rust and the midge
wore the rrinoi a1(muses of failure in the
wheat crop. In the root crop ho inanur-
ocl the drills patting the potatoes on the
top of the manure. He kept about 22
heed of cattle and did not buy manure.
A good time to seed down was with bar-
ley after roots, using abort 12 pounds of
seed to the acre. For a three year rota-
tion drop out barley and sow fall wheat.
Was a firm believer in thongs of salt and
used it on all crops. e\ barrel to the
aore was not too touch. A big difference
was noticeable whore salt was sown on
toots iu the Drop that followed it. Tine
great benefit of salt was it stiffened the
straw. It was also good on swampy
land. As good a way to sow halt was
when rolling. Tho question of sowing
with a drill or broadcaster was talked up,
both machines having a number of advo-
cates. A very interesting disouseion fol.
lowed this paper, R. McMillan, Olio. Mc-
Millan, M.1?. A. Gardner, Jno, MoCrae,
T. D. Hays, J. N. Kneohtel, T. Stafford,
G. Hood, J. Smiley, Prof. Penton, R,
Maxwell arid othere joining in it.
Tho last paper for the afternoon wee
road by D. Robbrteon an "Breeding and
raising sheep." It was as follows !--
Sheep havoplayed a most important part
as a means -of wealth in all civilized
tountr'iee, Al an early ponio(1 sheep'
worn kept mostly for wool but hs popula-
tion increased and greater' demand was
Made n u ' food, mutton as well as
) deter ausR o1)
tercel became an object oshoop t lie 1
At this juncture skilful breeders made a
careful and pnsetical study in improving
the dames and its early ma.tm ily. This
nvuorlone by na:efnl selections in breed,
Mg and jtuli:iotia reeding. One at the
;first great improvers in misdirection Was,
a Mr. Bakewell, of Leicestershire, 11',
land, who by careful selestione in brood-
itlg, founded the breed known as the New
Leicester, which is verbena the most
widely extended and most nume:oue of
all our breed , and s0 likewise other
breeders have brought to an cquallt
bright !dote of perfection such oelebretod
families as the Cotswolds, South Downe,
Oxford Downs, Shropshire Downs and
othere, all of whish aro now bred pretty)
exeensivoly in Ontario, But :23'4 quer•
tion that is of more spec/lel interest to us
here is can aliGep hnebanciry bo made
profitable as compared with outer farm
products ? We are of the opinion that
it can and we n'i1l state a few of the rea-
sons why we think so, In the first plane
we must deride which breed of sheep is
best adapted to our particular wants and
01000, tanoes. In pact years when wool
was at a high price and big profits ware
obtained from that source alone this
matter did not requite) to be looked at
from ,o mans sides, hat now that condi•
tions are changed and wool fallen off in
price, we need to'inalce mutton the prime
consideration and wool the memory.
This not only requires more good, natur-
al judgment but a more thorough know-
ledge of their oars and management. I
may say hero that when wool fell off in
prime a great many flooks were neglected
and as a consequence dwindled down so
that it is impossible to make a profit in
breeding and feeding them. This inaug-
urated a prejudice against sheep farming
which, I am sorry to say, is still lurking
in the minds of a large portion of the
farming community to the detriment of
their pecuniary interests. Now that our
country has become still better adapted.
to the production of sheep, and mutton is
fast becoming a favorite animal food in
the country together with the ready de-
mand in the Old Country, and with such
a favorable soil and climate an ours we
believe that a good demand for mutton
has come with us to stay Now, in view
of those facts sheep of the Down type are
to be preferred as all the ll,,wn families
are hardy and possess good working qual-
ities and in seasons of dried up or poor
pasturage they will mance as go,ulor rath-
er better showine when compared with
other breeds, and for mutton and wool
they aro at least equal to or ahead of all
other breeds, as h,,s been shown from
tests that have been made from time to
time. The benefits derived from sheep
outside ofwool and mutton are many,
Ono is that they spread their droppings
more evenly over the held and mon•
generally on the poorer spots, thous en-
riching the soil to a greater extent than
other stool. An, ther is they are the
very hest to destroy noxious weeds, clot•
ing what o 1 or stock oilt not touch,
Allowing nothing to go to waste. In
these respects they are highly aclvautog-
eons in a system of mixed fartniog, It
is highly necessary in order to insure
seethes to have oomfortable winter stables
not too close or confined but admitting
plenty of pure air- The building should
be floored in such a way as not to allow
any dampness from beneath. It should
have a liberal supply of bedding au
should bo cleaners out at least three tines
during rho winter, as the health of the
flock ie often imparod by a neglect of
cleanliness. There should also bo a yard
of ample size to allow plenty of exercise
every day, which is highly necessary for
breeding ewes. The building should be
divided into at least two apartments in
order to separate the lambs from the
older sheep and this division should be
observed in the yard as web. Pea straw
or clover hay, or both, with turnips lute
given as good results for winter fodder as
could be desired. Roo1S are a highly re-
quisite food for sheep. A small
quautity of grain may be fed, but care
should be taken is feeding it to °vee as
they are often injured by uvorf,oding.
We can apply the old rine to this that
mono Iambs have been lost by feeding too
freely than by starving eves. Oram
may be fed to those that are fattened for
the market. 'Where roots are not used
sheep should have a drink of pure water
every day. Sheep like other animals
should bo fed regularly, the last feeding
taken place before (laic as they do not
stand wall lot thofl racks and feed at that
time. It is not necessary in starting a
fie 1QC to h lieu
have pure bred but mag• be
taken from the best of our common
sheep. The most important step is to
secure 0 first -close pure brad rani. Wo
would prefer ono of the Down type,
Lambs should bo dropped in March or
April as they can bo better cared for anis
aro ready for the market much earlier.
When we oonsider that sheep are so frog
from disease ; that the labor required for
their management so light compared
with other stock ; that they are so profit-
ablo, giving returns twice a year ; and
that the Amoricaus draw eo largely from
our flocks, we wonder why there aro so
many farms in Ontario without their
flocks." In disouseion it was brought
out that the black faced sheep sell best
and their wool is hotter, Over a million
dollen; worth of wool and mutton is ex-
ported annually,
5011000 5E95I00.
A large audience assembled at tho
evening meeting, the President in the
chair. The following was the program :
Addresses by the President, J. N. Kneel:,
tel and John McMillan, M.P.. Metre..
mental duets, H. L. Jackson, violin, Miss
L. O'Connor, organ ; solo, by A. Strach-
an ; recitation, Miss Boyd; dttett, Miss
O'Connor and J. Hargreaves ; address,
"What the common school does for the
farmer," S. Ronnie ; solo, .Mise Herr ;
reading, W. ]3. Dickson ; solo, J. liar -
goalies ; address, "i1the formation of
soil," by Prof. Panton ; solo, bliss O'Con-
nor ; recitation, Miss Boyd ; violin solo,
II. le Jaottson ;National Anthem. Mica.
es O'Connor, Hargreaves and Rear pre,
sided at the organ. The clothe ee was a
very appreciative oleo and richly onjoyecl
the inimical and literary treat. Prof,
1 claret a adilr0s, WAS 1 i
a Ln excellent one
and shoved that he ie thoroughly ' (.cn
rro-
aaut with }ns topic. Ile visited the :Hort
last summer to acquaint himself with
tho glamors, AT., of that range of 1110110 -
tains. On motion of Jae, Forgnnson and
Rib!. iif.oMfllmn a vino of thanks wan
()aimed to the hulks and gentlemen
me
'timing in the program. A similar mo-
tion was heartily responded to iu refer -
once to the addresecs, moved and second.
e4 by 1), Stewart and 8. Forsyth,
5000001110 '011110000,
Reeve McCracken introduced the sub-
ject "Marigolds" in the following man-
ner : After an experience or over thirty
years ingrowing mangolds 1 would roeom.
mend to farmers who want to make the
mangold crop a tininess, not only in cur.
thin yeare when the someone are adapted
for them, but in each and ovary year, for
while turnips and other root crops may
prove a failure in eertein seasons after
all has • been done that was possible ;
there is no reason why any fanner should
lose, or oven have a poor crop of man -
golds 10 any year, whether n wet or dry
season. If the plans whioh I sot forth in
this paper be adopted all who grow man -
golds will meet with abundant success.
lst, Prepare h piece of g omld as near
the barn or house as possible by thorough.
ly manuring and ploughing deep and also
well under -drained. Throw up nn ridges
in the fall so that the winter's frost may
thoroughly pulverize the ground and will
also leave it in a shape for drying early
in the spring. In the second plass sow
as early as possible in drills similar to
the ono used to sow turnips in. Sow
between the 20th of April and 1st of
May, so as to got the plants largo and
well 'meted during the June showers,
which, if early sown, will grow very rap.
idly in June and become strongly forti-
fied for the dry weather of July and Aug-
ust, In weeding and thinning out do so
as much as possible when the ground is
moist or damp, say 2nd or erd day after
a good shower, and in thinning out for
last time don't leave the plants any
closer than two feet apart in the drill us
they will grow more than if loft closer.
In sowing the seed care must bo taken
not to miss any of the ground as is
sometimes the case in using the turnip
sowing machine. I would therefore rec
commend the sowing of mangold seed by
hand in order to get the plants to grow
raglan: and so have a uniform crop. The
beet kind of mangold seed to sow is the
long large Mammoth Rod and Globe
Yellow. I would also recaommend that
tato same piece of ground he kept )ear
after you' for growing marigolds 09 as I
have found out by experience that man -
golds cio better the oftener you sow them
on the same ground, having myself sown
them for ten consecutive years on the
same place. If 7110 foregoing rules ore
adopted I will safely guarantee that any
f rmer will grow fully as many mangolds
feom one acre as is now usually grown
from throe aures, which is a great saving
of land in the first pierce, of seed in the
second place, labor iu the third place and
better than all will ensure him of a crop
from ten to twelve hundred bushels of
photee mangolds per acre.
Cleaned from discussion : Salt is sown
°V'ery year with good success. After the
drills were made they should bo opened
up and hen manure put in and then the
seed sown in the drills. Liquid Manure
or water with carbolic acid will largely
help. Sowing with. a ((rill does not do
the work so evenly as the seed is rough
and docs not come out of the drill regu-
larly. About 4 pounds of seed to the
acre is necessary. Mr. McCracken has
grown at the rate of 1200 bushels to the
acre. Plowing should be done in the
fall, not going any deeper than the frost
pulverizes. In measuring mangolds
have known them to grow an inch a day
in shoos0 weather, 100 bens will man-
ure 2 acres of mangolds. Tho manure
should be caved in barrels..
Prof. Pan Ion entre the following table
20 tons of 'besides and the tops rob the
lend of 82"1, of 'Orogen, 20 of phosphoric
ae41 and 118 of pi, ash. lbrangohis tatke.
C10 or ni riven, .11 of phosphoric acid
'2'0 of potash, kir. 1Ncliraokcn's plan
stag the 11 'y 000 when growing the 0 t.p
fn a 11 lobe.. of years in 0.0cossiun on
1100 sumo wain 1, os lieu manure pot
br.rlc into 1 111, (11 f,1-',', of nitrogen; 01 1',f
p o.phoric, Heid 01111 31 1f potash 10 rho
-100 and was l.o ;11 1118 per 1"11,. horse
1(1110 n enli:1' •,011 14'1, 1r oil r. gen, 3 of
1,101pha'r seal nail 7 of potasee and was
iatei at j3L:11 pt r lea,
the n (1 e 1.- 4 1,3110r4 of 1110 Conven-
l. 1♦ 1 e u n 1; 1.1 , feeding,'
n•. 1' ', 1'.1 111'. 1(11, his Will'4nuts
1,, 00ii_ 'lit• s:h1 of Lite eves.
, , • vel -1'r Ln do the
.'i• ,1. • 'I lei s -.. I' •. object•iu feeding
, .,inn: 11 1. wo 1,, mill:. Art and
p•:111,11. 911,1 1 a 1',, loots.: on our
n u e'5 as n ;,,•Hina, and studied tbei,
1.unt to n•loa We should also
duly the amej ,1f foal and the cliglx-
1.0 1; : 1.1 bile , uoe, for instance hay
a ll it l',,e,l
contains ;
AslWalter,, 1 f :S
51 -
Anemic. a.!' s..i1.7, ant. digestible 114
C1 ode 11 i,,1,agh:1, , „ 111110
tr'd.'to 11.0„,
e 35.8
1. 2 ;c, 15:98
tIso(1ri,e(1 In 0101•eh 'inivtalout :
Fat 3 i.e. 1.2x"4
T11, , la
Cmlbe•ld.,: 21).3
Album, --8.1
Standards represent the amount of di -
1,, food required for
01101:0 purposes, lie -n is an example
ter 011 average weight of 1,000 pounds :
+Iutrbttivs
Alb. Clary i+ret, r acid.
Maintenance .7 8,0 .10 1 : 11.1
Work s.1). 10,0 .1',n 1:0
Mils 111.5 ,40 1: 1.4
1'at 821 11e ,f0 I11.1
1)3 : meth h 1.0 13.0 0.00 1:1.7
A ration was the best mixture of feod-
ing tittle's to secure the proportions 101 a
stenclerd. The points to bo observed in
preparing a rs.tion : (1) Object, work, fat;
1n11h, rho. ; (2) standard required for the
object ; (8) analysis or rho food ; (1) price
11male:ud; (1) mi11,l0 el and btllit
necessary. Rations for cattle 1
)Por fat. bbe Milk,
1.2 lbs. oat statin ill lbs. flet)'
r • 8 lbs. wheat. Mon
G lbs. Int: s s 1
0 lbs: corn nttl bn, linseed mod
•I lbs, been (i lbs, corn meal
e the, linseed mord
Per fattening cattle average welsh!: 1
1,000 8 Iles, bran; 7 lbs. meal (1 part nN e,
u }4
I. pertb:u'10y 0(d ,. Inu•tx pcnsl ;Irl rorl4s,
11'.
I11 I , I ,1'r. 1)0 11;
I 1 the nn;nutl xhntlld
put oufront 11las11,i, J0.0 ill( Vi
In lh•nnln x th' re„1 mHell 10)W4 : --
7 111s b, an, 5 II„ mal Inn,4 a°'1 1,1011
and '2 lbs, oil w+ke, sod meet wdh the
best r'snlLo. $on,,, )•.:penial inipnr)mnt
pninl4 to be abaervrll u1' feedlot; were
given as follows: • 111 Sh)her, which
me ins m saving of1)0";,iu fowl; (•S) Quiel.
neva 111 -1",11'1 in gond enudil,m: (1)
A e oink (r-4 ,1 n lot e cvn ilir•,n tl.nd
101,1,1• 111 A)b•nt13111r, regulo,'and k10•).
ne,1 used by attend, um. 11'o 1m)) 1001
batter than 11 l ilii as it roogu'afea lhr+ u •
Lon 'elide, jeer ne na)iced in 0 herd
bas ed egg. (1111e •hnnld tie fed three
ia, es a day. The e stableman hails oue-
sevr olil of Il•• result0 in his hei oils as the
ir1)1111 nn of 1111 111111):11 (x111 Lhl etc )lays
fie, 1. A d;se,ic+int eas0,s as to the al-
vfc,bi' IV of let nig ratrl out for water
eso,ri•t't• beef n ill le. I ref. Pantie) n),
I• -,.n',•11 the rar' of elute. I a the fan r,l'i
find Seo 1e, bol. 11 r, 11P tole thought the
1rrnh r-,•r4e1 off toe pa m 111 :h„ 1110 was
erten kept fn rn, cul 1.0r of 1. MI si aim(
t'nn)ta. '1 he. paper was heartily clismtsse(1.
"lireeding owl rntsing heavy riranght
'horses Its a .001'00 or profit," by ;1110,
1110ild ills n, M. P., was the 14001 topic. Ile
said : • It given me nmeh pleasure to be
with von upon the present 000aoien as T
Consider ;lie Tonna s' Tnstitnto one of
I110 great schools not only for our young
farmero but for the oldie beetle also. I
am only sorry that we have not a larger
gathering. Farmer-, es a whole, do not
feel sufficient interest in their own call -
ins. 1 heard a fanner say °Wiest is the
ase of going to a Farmers' Institute, what
eon they tell ns about farming that we
do not know?" All I ell say 1s Stet if
the majority of ns rarmers know all that
can be known about our own profession
we came for short in one praettee. But
to the point, my subject is "Breeding
heavy draught horses." Is it profitable?
I n the 11101 place lot me say if anyone is
pin., to succeed its a breeder he must, in
my opinion, bo a horse fancier and study
well the tenveer and bah its of bhe animal.
The first t111ng is to get a gond mare as
it is a rel oguized maxim that, all things
Tieing repel, like produces like. Choose
a In -aro with a gnus sized round font,
00011 n• the hue's and lint Lon f1.ab in the
su e, pus ems not fun steep but' a little
sot fogy. a smug forearm, broad knee
joints, flirty strong flat bone. the Inns
eles standing well out, a good amount of
hoe •i11,v hair, a broad hued, wide be-
tween the 051.1, a fns, eye, srerp pnine;1
ears. n moderately long lied arched neck,
full in 1110 jaw, full -nostril-. high in the
withers, 1) slswn'cler bhtcle well set bank
which gives freedom of notion. a Trill,
Wide. Mem, welt title rip benincl the
e• °eiders, a fall Surd boom), not too
ln1)1 a book, full over the kidneys, broad
mina coming well f n'ward. The quarter.
should bo long as thatis one fault s'ith
m•+n • of our heavy ho see at present, too
shot in Lhegaarter. She should stand
sti aigh ti legs in front, the hint
10,8 a little bent forwa,-d, the hocks a lit-
tle inclined towards each other and the
toes al•ghtly oat, 11,.1 the high but broad
bnilt and rather low set. 811011 a mare
shield prow a good breeder. Choose a
horse something of the some bltild and
be sure that bath animals are sound and
free from all splints, spavins, side bones,
ring bones, and sound in their wind. I
have ne particular time to put the mare
to the horse for I think with good nvarm
dry stables a roll can be just ria profitab-y
raised in winter as in summer. When a
mrm•0 is put to the horse if she 1+lot home
all the better put her in the slaillo and
keep her quiet for some time, if podsible.
lieep her away from abs) horses, if she
has a colt let them together either in 0
box atoll or in a field where no other
hoe•o• can get neer thorn. If you have
1•, work the mare right away after cover-
ing clo it gently, neither pulling very
heavy loads no' yet travelling very fast,
as many males are injured by being
driv511hard or someone on their backs
running them home.' A mare in foal is
all the better for being moderately
wrought oven us to the day she foals. If
in the stable and not working she ought
to 1io out every day for exercise. If not
working and the weather good let them
to pasture in summer, dont is their mit-
mei condition. Tho way my mares aro
1rd this winter fa as follows:-3mrning,
3 lbs, ousted oats, 2 lbs, out straw and
hay, 4 lbs. long bay; noon, 3lbe• °rushed
oats, 2Ibs. out straw and bay, 2 )bs, roots,
11 lbs. hay ; night, 5 lbs. boiled oats; 1 lb.
bran, 2lbs: coot hay and straw, 4lbs. long
hay, total 89 lbs. This is a fair average
of whet 4 mares, all 111 foal, are gutting,
Never food horses more than they cot
clean and they should always stand fur
an hour or two before feeding with their
box empty when in the stable When a
mare comes near the timr of foaling
work gently and do not feed too high as
it may cause an extra flow of milk, and
some mares have a groat dual of milk
and it will run from them for a length of
time before foaling. I never like this as
the foal' generally comes weak when this
is the ease. Watch closely when foaling
Um comes for if the mere lips fdr any
length of time and the placenta or foal -
bed, is over their nose they will smother
very quiokly. After foaling watch oars.
fully if the foal does not get too much
mfilc„ which sometimes happens. if so
milk the mare for perha e a week or ton
days thin there is little danger from thab
source. If the mare is a poor milker
either give cow's milk, skim milli will do,
but warmed to the liege of the milk from
the mare, or learn the colt to eat a few
ornshod oats whioh agrees well with foals
when not fed too many. Wo aro feeding
our foals this winter as follows, two bettig
kept in one box 1—Morning, 8 lbs. oruslt.
ed nate, 1 Ib, bran, 2 lbs. cut hay and
straw, 3 lbs. apples, 4 lbs. long stay ;
moon, 3 lbe, oats, 9 lbs. cut hay and
straw. 21bs. long hay ; night, 13 lbs. boil-
ed oats,1 lb. bran, 3 lits, out strew and
hay, 13 lbs. apples, 1,lbs, long hay, et 34
lbs. with albs.
of apples, ]t1' 37
ibv,
each with 1is of copies They artdn.
ing well of this feed, 'I'ht total creat of
raising a filly nti Witting to 3 yours old
would he, if foaled let am:, lmsutro recd
u :months $(11 sa0e) months, first iviuter,
d4_ lbs, mutthell eels, 1 lb, bran, 21110. cat
01 14 v°, 7) she, lay and eat hay', half nae:,
2 lbs. roots, 27 Ilea, per day. 215 days at
94 cents per clay, $20,811or Tallest year.;
six months on grass $0, with little feed
$13 ; six menthe in stable, second year,
$27.75 ; third year, 6 mouths on grass,
$1) ; 0 months 1tt stable, at 12 cants each
day, 322.23, Say one hundred dollars
with the price of the horse, Elie. above 18
fairly liberal feeding, but the auimal can
earn its own feed the last yearr where
there is work for it. An entire colt will
met at hetet $50 more to false him than
either a filly or gelding, as von must keep
him shut up from the time he is 2 yea's
or have him in a ye d, you cannot trust
hire in a field with ordinary femme. Now
as to the pride for a good two year old
filly all round and wall bred, from $150
to $200, according to quality, three, from
$180 to $220 ; n good entire, well bred of
er good stamp, from $200 to '$300, from '24
to 8 yearn old. These prices pay well but
to raise young )torsos properly you want
good roomy bonne fo, foals and yearlings,
they must have plenty of oxerolee and be
kept away from cattle and above all
things do nob allow foals to be out when
young in cold damp weather, and be sure
to keep their box well bedded and dry,
lying on the cold damp grotnd is very
bad fora foal. Always lose all horses
gently and have them so tame that you
can go up to them and handle them at
any time. Always learn foals to feed
and to be tied before weaning, and any.
one that thinks that all this care is too
much trouble had better not go into horse
breeding. I am raising 6 foals this win-
ter, 3 foaled before the enrl of June, 1 in
July, and the two in the fall that aro
smoking yet. We feed tine foals that aro
sucking, twice a day, n little crushed
oats. We tie the marc until they are
done oating, and the foal is better tied
for a short time while the mare he feed-
ing. Before taking his seat 'fr. McMillan
apoke of the good points of the ale end
gave some very seasonable advice on the
necessity of raising thoro'-bred animals.
A man must bo a good judge of a horse
himself and no oast iron rule can be laid
down.
snooper AFTE11x000.
The following paper, on "Farm Yard
Manure," was then read by Rnsseil
bishop, of Grey township :--Tho
prosperity of the farmer depends
upon the amount of the p oduots of his
farm. 'These may be removed in their
natural state, but rho suooes-fur farmer
is the man who best economizes thee%
products by manufacturing them, through
the influence of animal economy, into
such articles of trade as beef, mutton,
milk, etc. Or the skill or man may be
em'doyed in connection with the latter
and it further manufactured into such
articles of dairy produce a$ butter and
cheese. Bo all n these e leans ci portion,
more or less, of the natural produce of the
farm 11 retained on it, preventing so com-
plete an exhaustion of its stores as world
have occurred had the original products
been sold, 'Phe extent of these natural
products will depend upon the aotive
fertility of the farm, and this, in turn,
largest upon the manures applied. These
may range all the way from the costly
and active Peruvian Guano to the cheap-
er and more slowly acting manure known
es scrap, such as hair, leather, eta. Since
mane of these are beyond the rcaoh of
the ordinary farmer, and for their snc-
easeful employment require the most
favorable of surroundings. I will confine
my remarks to that fertilizer whioh is
within the reach of every farmer and one
of which he annually ditposes of a 001'
tain amount in some manner. We will,
in the first place, endeavor to find what
the manure heap nnay contain. To state
it roughly, it is composed of the solid and
liquid excrement together with :ho litter
used. The excrement will be the residue
of the feed after the animal has taken
that whioh was necessary for its nubri-
tion, To arrive at a more definite 0011.
elusion wo will take the iostauoe of a 7 -
year -old horse in the stable doing noth-
ing. This animal is fed daily 7 pounds
of oats and 12 pounds of hay, which is
supposed to be just suffluiout to maintain
life and condition without increasing its
weight. Just hero arises a question,
"What becomes of this ctaily ration of 7
pounds oats and 12 of hay?" If the an-
imal does not increase in weight whet ie
the purpose of Miming? Certainly to
maintain life ; and for that 11110p000 A
portion of the food is taken up by the an-
imal's systetu, and the remainder is
passed from bbe body as solid exot'oment.
As a portion of the food is assimilated
for animal nutrition, and as alto animal
clnos not increase in weight nn equivilant
portion of the ani)ppal body must be ex-
ha,u+tsd, This p1ortion will pass from
the animal as the lirmicl manure. There
arefnur channels of exit from the animal
system, viz., by the lungs, rho skin, the
solid extract and the liquid extract.
From the two former there are no ale.
mitts lost which aro of value as manure,
Therefore we nurse conclude that all
whioh was of value In the foal as mamue
is found in its proper place. In a ease of
this kind it is simply a natter of !gnome
to estimate the yahoo of the food whioh
goes to the manure heap in a year. As
some plane the value of the manure to be
equal to the value of the food from whioh
itis produced it will not be a difficult
nnatter to arrive at the value of the mem.
tore. It is a wall-khown fact, however,
that the most of the manure at a farmer's
disposal is mado from cattle, some from
horses, the remainder from sheep, pigs,
fowl, ate, These different unwires have
different properties and qualities. In
fact the mature from the same class of
animals is not always of the same qual-
ityy. but diff'ore according to age and feed.
Thd young grooving animal will retain a
coueiderable portico of the nitrogen of
the food to aid in muscular development.
An animal fully grown and only rotten-
ing will retitle loss of tho nitrogen, as
Sue enbstanoe does not enter into tits i
formation of fiat, and a matinee realized 1
of loss value that that of' the de
m
stance, ..1'l
la 1)o though 1000)11n to
v ltiab than from ,
is grooving animal. if the fnanule he •
from a row giving milk the severe chane
'Upon the fond cheered by the tiew of 1111k
is et amt of the manurn and !helmet vat. '
1ln.le nutnttl'n of any is obtainerjj. Wel
have raid that Cho tonality of the manure '
1 e upon lv 11 1 the
is Waded by the food t 1 u i
animal exists, 1: very farmer knows there
is a dillnronrse between the manure front •
the an}mal fed on flax -deed, cotton-seed-
eeke and suoh foods, and that from au
animal fed on et aw in the yard. The
extremes in the heating properties of the
manure from different animals may be
ameliorated by mixing them. Manures
from 8110h animals as the clew and pig,
which void -a large ameunt of urine, oon•
tains proportionately less nitrogen, and
are consogttently doldor and wetter, and
ferment more slowly. Tide may ho over.
come by mixing with horse and sheep
menu e, which have a tendency to be+
come overheated, in 24 Moore the man-
ure from :arses wi.l ferment and in 2 or
3 weeks scarooly moven-tenth of its origin-
al weigh) -will remain, and that the poor -
cot po-tion. Ilene, till propriety of
early removing from the fattish) and mix-
ing with some eubstenoe 10111511 .vfll ab•
sorb end retain the escaping volatile sob.
stances, blush snbstanue may be cow
manure, soil rich in vegetable matter,
charcoal, etc, Some manures where
applied alone impart a taint to Some
crops,as pig manure to rout crop8. This
eau be overcome by mixing. The longer
the time the manure is kept is another
circumstance whim: influences its quality,
because when not cared for the longer the
time during which it is allowed to fer-
ment the greater will be the loss, and
when properly oared for the greater will
be its solubility and riohness The
amount of exercise an animal is subjected
to and the amount of urine voided have
an effect upon the quality of the manure.
The last eiroumstance which I will men-
tion as influencing the quality of the
manure, and by no means the least, is
the manner in which it has been pre-
served. Since the -liquid manure contains
se muoh that is of value and 11 ra,:dored
more valuable by the fact that it is in a
state available for im usdiate use by the
plant, it will be pendent to endeavor to
prevent its ••soaps if wo can. For this
purpose some recommend the use of
tanks. I think this is, however, a means
whioh entails so much expense ant re-
quires considerable work and care to keep
the pipes open that it is doubtful if it
wo•Ild succeed with any save tlo• most
enthusrastio. The prevention of this loss
may, howeve-, be successfully accom-
plished by rho free eso of abaorbauts, as
s raw, mucic or peat, or it may be gypsum.
The first named b 'ing tho least offsefive,
1s the 1)101d is not all token up 1'.n I , hat
which is is only held in the hollow of the
atom The use of dried mnak is more
serviceable, as it will absorb and retain
all the liquid. It a so has a strong ab-
sorbaut power for free ammonia, whioh,
as you all know, ooulaios nitrogen, and
is a ready menus of l'saape for that sub-
stance, and when the manure is in the
heap fermenting it will continue to ex. -
ercise ire absorbent power, preventing -
the loss of 000 .ping gases. Outsideef all
this, muck is itself a fertilizer, almost
equal in value to good farmyard manure.
This sabsranoe is the result of deo tyed
veeetation as it decomposed the nitrogen
gases were prevented from esnapiug by
its absorbent power for that substance
and celwrs of no value as manure per-
mitted to escape, thus i0areesing its
relati'e value. This great loss may also
be prevented by the use of gypsum, or
pinater Paris, whioh, besides retaining
the liquid, unites with and holds the es.
caping ammonia gases. By the use of
these absorbents the air in the stable is
kept much purer and the animal muoh
cleaner, which will have a very beneficial
influence upon the stock. When these
means of preservation have been followed
intim staple muoh will have been done in
the way of preventing Ices in the baro -
yard during fermentation. Further loss
hero, however, may be obviated by the
aontiuuod Ise of gypsum, when prodding
in the yard to ovhibei over every 6 luobes
with gypsum whl be found sutliaient. As
the prooess of fermentation random the
particles more soluble and thus easy of
removal it would bo wise to prevent, as
far as possible, one lass by washing away.
We bavo taken means to lesson the escape'
of volatile gases, we will now direct our
attention to the prevention of tvtshing
away. If this does wear it will probably
bo owing to went "f eavetrou ne 01 ux -. •.
proper plat: moot of 'art. 1., p aur of
proper
hawing the manure on a rise or ground
the centro shun d be the lowest. "Plat loss
prevented hi the erection of oevatroughs
wopld pay for them the first year. We
now come to make a few remarks on the
application of ferulyard manure. A,
manure is valuable only when lbs eousti-
tuents anti brought within reach a the
crop. Very soluble manures, if applied
to rho land lust before a rain, will tints
become dist:ib'atod through the laud at
once mora evenly that could be done in
any other matuer. South manures should
nob be applied until the crop is ready to
receive them else there may be consider-
able loss by washing away. Manures of
leas solubility, on the other head, as
farmyard manure, may be applied some
time before the crop is capable of using
them, Where the soil is already light
and open tine application of long manure
will make It More so, but as such colla
have little retentive power for soluble
manure the long form is the safest when
applied for any time before cropping. 1
Would tanto the lesser of the two evils, and
apply the astable manure when the crop
was ready to maks use of thein. When
the manure is applied in the resent state
a fermentation will ensue similar to that
which o0eurs in the barnyard, converting
the whole surface soil into a kind of Qom.
post. 71 the soil be a day or loan loss
by evaporation is prevented, in fact, bbe
hoaVier: soil will be beneatted by the opens
ing offeot of the reoent manure. In fight
soils, of the other hand, the loss is some-
times equal to that when fortnoutation
takes place in tho barnyard. from this
we would eoucted° bloat recent t00000es
should not bo applied to light soils. The
manure is
ntechauiaal effect of farmyard
e. rim -t 1 toequal al to its theistical
9 ( bo t
ao
1
•
pn '
effocst. The nature of the (crop will also
N11001c0 the, skilful farmer ini tiro kind
of manure to apply. If the crop be one
which springs up quickly, rune It short
life and:attains an early maturity ho wilt
apply ihi,,manure in such an advanced
bowl lvrt•1 )T 1)1111 4.1