HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1892-11-18, Page 66
TA:.k+i BRUSSELS POST, NOV. 18, 1892.
AGRICULTURAL.
Bees In Relation to glut.
'.3nr J. H.'PAXTON', i♦!. A., raeras9xf OF nun,
OOY, OS'rARIo AtaileutTCRAI. COLLEOO,
An Aot passed by the Ontario Legislature
last session, referring to the prevention of
spraying fruit trees while in bloom, has led
to considerable dieceseion among fruit•grow.
ors and bee keeper The former feel that
they should be permitted to spray whenever
they desire, claming that bees sire not kill-
ed from visiting sprayed trees in search of
nectar and that this cry of alarm by bee•
keepers is unfounded. Further, many are
under the impression that bete injure ripe
fruit, and that It is questionable whether
bees are as useful in the fertilisation of
flowers as is claimed for them by their ad-
mirers.
The beekeepers, on the other hand, main-
tain that bees are important in the fertil-
isation of flowers and thus become necos-
sary to fruit production ; that they do not
injure fruit and that they are killed where
trees are sprayed while in bloom. They go
so far as to say that honey is affected where
bees have been poisoned by Paris green,
In this somewhat confused state of affairs
a bulletin bearing upon bees in relation to
fruit should be of interest end practical
benefit when the following Act (passed
April, 1502) isabout to be enforced:
1. No person in spraying or sprinkling
fruit trees during the period within which
such trees are in full bloom shall use or
.cause to be used any mixture containing
Paris green or any otherpoisonous substance
injurious to bees.
2. Any person contravening the provis-
ions of this Act, shall on summary convic•
tion thereof before a justice of the peace,
be subject to a penalty of not less than
$1.00 or more than $5,00 with or without
costs of prosecution, and in case of a fine or
n fine and cost being awarded, and of the
same not being upon conviction forthwith
paid, the justice may commit the offender
to the common gaol, there to be imprisoned
cr any term not exceeding thirty days un-
less the fine and costs are sooner paid,
e. This Act shall not come into force until
the first day of January, 1893.
13ees in Relation to fertilisation. leering
the process of fertilisation the contents 0t
the pollen grains become mingled with
those of the ovules, after which the latter
develop into seeds. '1 his takes place some-
what as follows; The dust -like substauce
(pollen) on the ends of the stamens falls
upon the top of the pistil. The outer coat
of the pollen grain bursts and the inner
pushes out in the form of a tubo, which
forces its way from the top of the pistil
down through it until it reaches tete ovary
(the lower and enlarged part of the pistil)
where the ovules are located. In the mean-
time a minute structure (germinal vesicle)
has formed in the ovule. This point is
reached by the pollen tube, an interchange
of elements takes place, there ole is fertd-
iced and at once changes begin which end
in the complete development of a seed.
The question naturally arises, How do
the pollen grains get to the pistil? Thia ef-
fected, fertilisation will in all likelihood
take place.
Observation shows that this may be done
in several ways.
1. By the wind. Where this is the usual
way we find the plants are rioh in pollen,
have na nectar, grow crowded together, in
some cases blonm beinre the leaves appear
and some maples afford examples of plants
largely dependent upon the wind for the,
transport of the pollen to the pistil
2. 13y artificial means. Man can effect
the sante result by simply taking the pullet
and plating it upon thepistil. This has en-
abled him to cross -breed and hybridise to
such an extentthat he has developed innu-
merable varieties of plants of great econom-
icvelue, as is exemplified in our beautiful
flowers and luscious fruits.
3. By birds, which to some extent aid in
carrying pollen from plant to plant, especial-
ty such as the humming birds.
4. By insects, This probably is by far
Ole most common method in nature, and
may be viewed es the ohief use of insecta.
Plants fertilised ty insects present an at-
tractive appearance, are rich in perfume,
and above all supply nectar to the insects
which frequent them. It cal be readily
seen how insects moving about in a flower
will become loaded with the dust -like poi -
len, and in passingto other flowers aid much
in transferring the pollen from one plant to
another, and tints bring about a cross-fertil-
isation, or in other words, cress -breeding,
which seems as essential to the production
of vigorous and fertile plants as it does in
animal life.
Among insects which aid largely in this
interesting process no Class ie more useful
than bees• Where imperfect fertilisation
las taken place fruit is incompletely de-
veloped in size and form, so that the quan-
tity and quality are affectecd. Careful in-
vestigation has shown that the fruitfulness
of many plants is largely influenced by
bees and such insects as search for the nee -
tar and pollen of flowers.
Although many flowers have both stamens
and pistils in the same flower, still scientific
observation has shown that even in these
cross fertilisation is favored by the strut•
tete of the flower. From observations made
it is claimed that orchards with bee -hives in
them have been more fruitful than those
without hives, In some cases bees have
been given access to greenhouses so that the
flowers might be fertilised and thee develop
more and better fruit under such conditions.
Flowers have been covered so as to prevent
insects reaching them, but light and air ad-
mitted. Side by side were othere to
which bees had access, An examination
of the seed showed those of the form-
er to be weak in vitality, those of the
latter strong In many instances it has
been observed where fruit trees were cover-
ed with bloom and poor results followed,
that the weather at the timo of bloom was
cloudy, wet and colts and thus Unfavorable
to bees working among the flowers.
Scientific investigation indicates more and
more as the question of fertilisation is con-
sidered, that boas aro important factors in
the production of fruit and unto b000m= co-
workers with fruit•growers.
73ees in relation to the Dtetruoiion of
Fruit. Along thio line of investigation ex.
imuotive experiments have heeu carried on
under the direction of the Department of
Agriculture, U. 8, Neither care per 0x•
pease was withheld by the apicultttrist to
;Actin the work was intrusted. Hives
Were kept within a buildingfrom which
the bees Could not escape, In this grapes,
peaches, pears and plums varying from
greet to dead ripe, were placed. The bees
were deprived of food and left with the
.fruit expo:" 4, so that they might feed upon
it when hunger affected them, Many came
to the fruit from time to time but never
broke the shin, bub where they found It
brekan they at once fell epee the exuding
jniee. Thoy allowed no tendency to use
their jaws in cutting open a place, The teat
was (sentienod forthirttiydaye and other bees
triers with similar results, In all tants
foul was taken only from fruit which hall
beta, previously broken. Consequently it
appears tint bees will not (njaro perfect
fruit, a conclusion arrived at by many ob•
servers before these thorough experiments
were undertaken. This is what might be
expeoted when tho structure of the hoe's
mouth is considered. It is quite different in
the ease Of wasps which are supplied with
jaws suitable to break into the skit,'
and to all likelihood they are the
cause of the injured fruit upon width
some observers have seen bees feeding,
Much evidence has been collo:Med upon the
amount Of injury done by bees to fruit,
and it all seems to bo in favor of exonerate
Mg the lee from the charge of injuring
sound fruit,
.Paris green in relation to bees. In several
plauos where spraying is carried •n exten-
sively it has been observed that sines the
introduction of that practice many bees
have perished during the time trees are in
bloom,and some observers here noticed that
the broods also perished.
Before the days respraying such mortality
was uukuown. Now although there has
been no analysis of the bodies of the dead
boas for the purpose of ascertaining the
presence of arsenic, atilt the death of the
bees is eo intimately associated with spraying
that there aeons but little reason to believe
otherwise than that the bees have been puler n•
ed byParis green used in spraying fruit trees.
However this will likely soon be settled by
an analysis of the bodies of bees supposed to
have been poisoned, and I have uo doubt
arsenic will he detected. I suggest the pro-
priety et bee -keepers forwarding some
specimens of poisoned bees to the chemist
of the Agricultural College.
Prof. Cook of Michigan has proved by ex-
periment that a solution of Paris green in
be proportion of 1 pound to 200 gallons (a
common mixture used in spraying trees)
proved fatal to bees within 24 hours.
Regarding the effect upon honey there is
considerable diversity of opinion. The
writer is not aware of ally experiments hav-
ing as yet been undertaken to show that
even the honey is affected, though there is
in the minde of some very practical men such
as the inspector Air. McEvoy, who is
thoroughly convinced, a great fear that
honey produced at the time ot spraying is a
dangerous article of food. The writer would
suggest that some such suspicions honey be
sent to the chemist already referred to so
that there may be no longer any doubt re-
garding the subject.
Experiment in the laboratory and obser-
vation by practical men indicate that spray-
ing trees in bloom with Paris green is follow-
ed by most disastrous results to bees in the
neighborhood, and no doubt some degree of
(,jury t0 the tree as far as the fruit is eon -
reread.
Tho Time to Spray. To spray when trees
are in bloom is a great mistake, because it is
a waste of material, time and fruit. The
plain ourculio and codling moth are the
chief enemies we seek to destroy with Paris
green. The adult of the former lays its eggs
in the plan just, beneath the skin and is
not likely to be present to any great extent
till the fruit is set, consequently applying
the poison while the trees are in bloom is
commencing the attack toosoon. if thought
necessary to attack tweets before the time
of bloom spraying may bo done, and after-
wards, but certainty never while the trees
aro in flower.
lu the case of the codling moth which de-
posits its eggs in the blossom end of the
young apple, a mistake is also made by
spraying before the fruit is set, which does
not take place till the bloom is off.
The portion of the pistil upon which the
pollen falls is exceedingly tender and sensi•
Live, so much so, that the application of
such substances es Paris green injure it to
so Brent an extent that the process of fertile
isation is affected and the development of
fruit checked. \Vith these fasts before us
as revealed by scientific investigation, it
coos seem strange that anyone would at.
tempt to spray ata time not in accord with
the teachings of soienre, and that anyone
tvould feel it a hardship to conform to tit
requirements of a law calculated to protect
the interests of two so important classes as
the producers of fruit and honey. Spraying
is only in its infancy, but as time rolls on
and this practice becomes more panoral, the
practicability of the law referred to will be-
come more evident and the efforts of those
s °eking to enforce it thoroughly appreciat-
ed.
A PRETTY BAD CASE.
One or the Parties in the Graveyard Lsnr-
anee rase Turns Queen's Evidence:
A St. John, N. B., despatch says:—
This was a rather sensational day in the
graveyard insurance case, as one of the
alleged conspirators, Gideon Reid, brother
of one of the insured persons, has turned
Queen's evidence, and is on the stand,
Reid'a story corroborates the ehargesagainst
the brothers Welton and Dr. Randall, and
to soros extent against himself. His story
is that after tete death of hie brother he
met defendants, 0. B. Welton and Dr.
Randall, They admitted that his brother
had been insured for 83,000 in one company
and 2,6)0 in another, and explained that
eking to Cho oiroutnatauces of the insurance
probably only the $2,500 could begot, There
was a great deal of correspondence among
the parties, and Reid assisted in causing the
widow to suppose that the inaurance was on ly
81,000. For keeping quiet the witness was to
have$500 out of the $1,501) remaining of
the $2,500 pact,. 0 B, Wel ton gave him his
note for this, and, after much dunning and
some threats, paid the most of it, \Velton
twice wrote to Gideon Reid assuring him
that the $7,000 policy ab Chicago was con-
tested, and would nob be paid witltonb an
Investigation, which, of course, none of the
conspirators wanted. Welton even sent
him a copy of a letter alleged to have been
received from the Chicago company, refus-
ing payments, explaining reasons, express-
ing suspicion and proposing an enquiry.
The evidence of the seoretary of the Chicago
company proves that no ouch letter was
written, and that the $3,000 had been paid
before the date of the alleged letter.
Gideon swore also that he had seen Rev.
Sidney Welton two months ago, or ehcrtly 0
before the arrest of the prio0ner. He was A
on his way to tee Turner, the father of A
Airs. Reid, who afterwards Laid the infor-
mation in the conspiracy case, and told
wttneas thpt he wanted to et the matter ts
settled, g
w
so 1 and tv lr 1
an d pe villin ,
t to a Turner Turner
6
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t
somethingto sac p
escape further trouble,
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o t ptn
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CANADA'S SHOW AT CHICAGO,
Two and a -Ralf Ael fie of Deer $pato
,planned 15 Donee lenlixntters
\\'orl4•', I+,tit' moldings—Vold etareste
for true l''ruits Arranged• -Oar teem
try's Ituflettrrg on glia Grounds—Stow
the Flue Art \Yorks writ he Selected.
Professor William Saunders, director, of
Doniniou experimental fmvns and Gauadian
commissioner at the World's Fair, arrive
at Toronto the other morning from Chicago..
A reporter gleaned sons interesting inter -
illation for [)anndiana es to their display et
the great show.
001.11STO0AOE FOR OVA PltllTs.
"We have now got the question ot sold
storage for our traits in Chicago settled,"
said the professor, "There are hose game
titioe of fruits and vegetables awn icing ship -
meat to Chicago from the different proe-
incea, In Ontario the oonaignmente aro
mainly in the Hamilton and Niagara die-
tricte, n Quebec it is se Montreal and in
Nova Scotia ab Wellsville, which you know
is in the centre of the ggreat An napolis valley
district. In the the_
territories
there are a good many roots awaiting ship-
ment in Winnipeg, Regina and at the two
experitnental farms. There will be quite a
shipment from Prince Edward Island and
New Brunswick also. An arrangement has
been made with the Produce Cold Storage
Exchange, the largest cold storage company
in Chicago, to take in all our Canadian
fruits and vegetables and put them in one
of their bonded colcl storage wareliouses.
There they will remain till we aro ready to
take them out in the spring. They will be
drawn upon as we require then for the ex•
hibition. We have also just about atm.
pleted arrangements for forwarding these
exhibits by fast freight and express. There
will be between two and three hundred
barrels of fruit from Ontario alone and
something over one hundred boxes of vege-
tables. There is also a large consignment
from British Columbia. We will begin to
ship, f expect, next week."
CANADA'S BUILu1xJ.
" Cauada's building has also been definite-
ly settled during my visit to Chicago, and
the first materials were brought on the
ground yesterday. The work will now be
pushed forward as fast as possible and I ex-
pect the building will be completed before
the end of the year, The Canadian building
will be 66x40, with a verandah on each side
and balconies of the saute size overhead.
This verandah will be plentifully supplied
with seats, and will afford a pleasant spot
where Canadian visitors can meet their
friends. The outl000k will be a beautiful
one, fronting as it does on the lake, and the
buildmg will be very neat and commodious,
with a cupola and high balcony overlooking
the fair grounds. 'Under the building there
will be a reception room. Here a register
will be kept of Canadian visitors giving
their addresses while in Chicago. There
will also be a pest -office, where Canadian
visitors will be able to receive or send theft
letters. Copies of the Canadian newspapers
will be kept on file, and another feature
will be a bureau of information for the
benefit of our own people. They can as.
certain at this bureau information as to
lodgings and ehings of that sort. The Do-
minion Commission will have its offices ill
the building as well as the various prow.
ineial commissions so that each provincial
representative wit/ bo able to give the
fullest informatinn regarding his province
while the far is in progress. Thewholein-
terior of the le it iing will be lined with
Canadian woods, polished, ao as to show
the beauty of the grain. The several pro-
vinces will make their own selection of
wood for their several offices, and oath office
will give a particular 5isplay on the floors,
showing the varieties of woods they are pre-
pared to sell to the world. The outside of
the building is to be covered with staff
the sane as used at the Paris fair. It
will be worked into suitable patterns so as
to give the whole building a very handsome
appearance. The surrounding grounds will
be planted wall suitable evergreens and
shrubs so as to make the piece) attractive."
WI ILAVE A ZI0 FLOOR SPAOE.
"I understand you have been very suc-
cessful in arranging for ample space for our
exhibits," said the writer,
"Yes," replied the commissioner. " The
arrangement for space in all the buildings
is now nearly oompleted. That allotted in
the manufacturers' building is in the centre
of Cho great structure acijninmg that of
Great Britain. Similar advantageous loca-
tions have been given to Canada in nearly
all the other buildings. The total area
granted is about 100,000 square feet for all
the Canadian exhibtis. The total area of
the space in acres (s about tem and a half
cares for Canada, wb1011 is nearly all on the
ground floor and in the most advantageous
positions that could be selected. In the
ntanufaotur.ers' building, 16,000 square feel;
in the transportation building, 15,000 aqu are
feet; mines and minerals, 10,000 square
feet; agricultural implements, 3,000 square
feet ; forestry, 4,000 square feet ; horticul-
ture, 8,000 square feet ; fisheries, 5,000
square feet ; nue:binary, 10,000 square feet;
fine arts, 3,000 aquare feet ; electrical ap-
paratus, 4,000 square feat, and in dairy
building 2,000 square feet."
•
TILE BIO "OANNUOIt" 013EESE.
"A large interest is being felt in the dairy
exhibits which Canada is about to mnake.
The greatest interest is exalted .over the big
cheese which is going forward. This cheese
a being commented on in the newspapers of
Chicago as well as those all Over the
States as likely to be one of the striking
features of the Canadian exhibit."
WE WILT. SHOW 0015 FIVE ARTS,
Professor Saundere yesterday met a cone
mittec of the Ontario Society of Artists and
oompleted arrangements in regard to the
plan of selecting pictures for the Canadian
display in the fine arts building, Satisfac.
tory representation has been arranged for
n the committee of the Ontario Society of
Mists, the Royal Academy of Canada, the
rt Association of Montreal, and the Art
Association of Ottawa, A aotnmitteo of
entl aen representing
these inane
Lucio s
ill be appointed to solace the pIo-
ores. An exhibition will be hell in Toronto
arty in the winter under the enspioosof the
ntario Suodety of Artists to ho followed by
ne in February in Ottawa under the awe
does of the Royal Academy. At these
Wo exhibitions all the best worsts will be
brought together, and iron those &selection
ill be made to 511 Ole 3,000 feat of space •
ranted to Canada fn the rooms adjoining
e spew allotted to Great Britain. No
futures will be forwarded but those mica -
1 by the epoch' committee. Then
hanging committee 01 two will bo
ppointad by the artists. These gentlemen
ill go to Chicago to superiutond the work
tmpiicking and hanging to the best ad -
ante o the works of the Canadian artiste,
t'mggint also bo mentioned that the work of
°paolting the lecterns at the blow of the
it will be Under the supervision of the
aisle, The Dominion Governmenegives a
She Attended to Ranges.
He was ,just on the point of proposin p
and she, with a palpitating heart, woe t
straining her ear to catch the words she so
longed to hear, when a little molten ran w
across the floor "Did she serumor faint? g
you ask. Ole, no, gentle inquirer, she did tl
net. She paid no attention to the mouse p
During a recent riot in Mortice) the mob a
threatened the house of the British envoy, a
Sir Marine F,umeSinith, in order to show µ.
their disapproval of the treaty brought by of
him for the sultan's actioLance, lo
the v
thick
of Me termed, Ladey thawSmith,
who is, by elle Way, a selthawe: s dant hlr.r, `I
displayed ler ooelness by Oa ph r,' t
et
grephieg the rioters withy.r
hor lt'dak,s a
grunt to the attests, whish will go t0 defray
the expensuo autl the insurances un the
works while in transportation and on axil.
inlet A fine diephty of Gauadian line art
Inv be looked far.
WAYS 0P GETTING RAIN.
.Jetta nttl',`relil MCI 11011S Pursued 01. Orient n{1
and ileel'enlal.
Tise seuretty of rain in several Chinese
provinces has led in some inatooees to a-
woke upon missionaries, and generally to
the performance of olaboreto ceremonies, Ill
Ningpo the people aeleat a ditch, which
they oall the dragon's ditch ; then they as-
semble and boat gongs, with the result that
every live creature, except men, gets out of
the way as speedily as jposeiblo. The first
animate object that seeks shelter in the
ditch Is palled the dragon, is worshipped,
and afterwards oarriod to the local oflioials,
who also have to adore the captive, toad,
crab, turtle, snake or whatever it may be.
Compare this porfunetory method with the
business -like procedure described in the fol-
lowing from an American paper :
The action of the Mexican Coverrment
in its movement toward confiscating the
property of the Catholic Cherah in this
country can bo appreciated in a degree when
it is known to what absurd extremes the
ignorant Mexican official will go on some
occasions. Some da a ago at Torreon, on
the Mexican Central Railway, a man was
brought to the elation all cut and husked
to pieces, He had been taken for a conjurer
and was being punished for causing the
severe drought there last year. This, how-
ever, is not a marker to whet was done at
Castanas a few Jaya ago. In the depart-
ment of Cinemas there had been no rain for
nearly a year, and people were brought to
Buell a pass that they were actually dying
of thirst, to say nothing of the total de-
struotion of all crops and other agricultural.
industries, Ll Pueblo Catolioo, of New San
Salvador, prints a number of resolutions
promulgated by the principle alealde of the
town and the department of Castanas. They
are as follows :
" Considet ing that the Supremo Creator
has not behaved well in this province, 0s in
the whole of last year only one shower of
rain fell, that in this summer, notwithstand-
ing all the processions, prayers and praises,
it has not rained at all, and consequently
the props of Castanas, on which depend the
whole department, are entirely ruined, it is
decreed :
' Article 1—If within the peremptory
period of eight days from the date of this
decree rain does not fall abundantly no one
will go to mass or say prayers:
"Article 2—If thcdtaught continues eight
days more the churches and chapels shall
bo burned, and missals, rosaries and other
objects of devotion will be destroyed.
" Article 8.—If finally, in a third period
of eight days it shall not rain, all the priests
friars, nuns and saints, male and female,
will bo beheaded, and for the present per-
mission is given for the commission of all
sorts of ele, in order that the Supreme
Creator may understand with whoop he has
to deal."
The most remarkable feature of this affair
is that four days after these resolutions
were passed the heaviest rainfall known for
years was precipitated on the burning com-
munity. —[Japan Advertiser
The Black Watch.
It may seem strange that the first exploit
of the Black Watch which has been record-
ed in history was tt mutiny, but such is the
0018•
In 1743, four years after their formation
as a regiment, they were marched into
England under order for Flanders. An
idea prevailed among the men that they
were sent to the west Indies, then detest-
ed for the bad climate. One hundred of
them deserted, and set off for Scotland in a
body. Overtaken, they intrenched them-
selves, and for some time refused to surren-
der. Three ringleaders were shot, and the
remainder drafted into other regiments.
This did not prevent the rest of the Black
Watch from winning great credit during
the Flanders campaign, especially at Fonts•
noy, where they were cheered "even by
the Duke of Cumberland in person, they
having had the honour to be first in the
front ranks and last in the rear on that
memorable day."
At Alexandria, in 1801, the Black Watch
greatly distinguished themselves, capturing
the standard of the French "Invincible
Legion," which was loot in a later charge,
but retaken by a private of the Minorca
Regiment, and pince;7 in the Chapel Royal
Whitehall. They received the thanks of the
Highland Sa 1ety, which, some years later,
presented them with a silver vase.
The Black Watch and the Ninetyseconcl
Highlandere were long remembered at
Brussels, where they were quartered before
the battle of Waterloo. They kept shop for
their hosts, minded the children and were
affectionately styled "Les petits Pcossais."
On J0118 18 they were eummoned from these
peaceful occupations by the harsh sound of
pibroch, "Come unto me and I will give
you flesh," "to fight like heroes"at Water-
loo.
Skirts worn by exclusively fashionable
women for shopping and walking do not
drag on the ground, while those intended
for oalling do,
Mao Read Seedbed
b3f the Lubon Medical Company 1s now mal.
9bronto, Canada, and may be consulted
neither in person or by letter on all throne*
;diseases peculiar to man, blcn, young, old,,
(or middle-aged, who find themselves nerve
'ons, weak and exhausted, who are broken
'down from 'moss or overwork, resulting in
!many of the following symptom; t Mental
depression, premature old age, loss of vital-
ity, loos of memory, ball dreams, dimness of
sight, palpitation of the heart, emissions,
!leek of energy, pain in the kindeys, head,
ache, pimples on the face or body, itching
'or peculiar sensation aboub the sototuln,
wasting of the organs, dizziness, specks
'before the eyes, twitching of the muscles,
eye lids and elsswhero,baslifulness, deposits
in the urine, loss of willpower, tenderness of
obese
scalp and s duo weal= u t
] P ,
end i muscles
desire tole
e e failure y
I b be rooted b s eo
constipation, dullnessof hearing, loss of voice,
Boake for solitude, excitability of temper,
sunken eyes surrounded with %EADEN 01010L1t,
oily looking akin, oto., are all symptoms of
nervous debility that load to insanity and
death unless aurod. The spring or vital
force having lost its tension every function
wanes in consequence. Those who through
abuse committed in ignorauoe may be per•
momently ourod. Send you, address for
book on all dieoases peculiar to man.
Books sent free sealed. Hcardisease, the
Oympt0ms of which aro faintspeila, purple
lips, numbness, -palpitation, ;kip beats,
hot flushes, rush of blood to the head, dull
pain in the heart with beats strong, rapid
send irregular, the smond heart best
quicker than the first, pain about the breast
bone, oto„ can positively bocurod. No cure,
se ay, Send for book, Address M. V.
.. 0i5N0 24 1450(100011 Ave. Toronto, Oat
THE lil(}NALMAN W4$ ASLEEP'
end ten Cltoa Were Ushered hemmer/my
A London (Ling.) despatch says
An appalling railway aooidont occurred
early the other morning near Thirsk, in
1 entendre, by which 10 persona were tinted
nod a large number injured,
The east pout express train for London
left Edinburgh et 10.00 o'clock at night,
The express tittle befog unusually heavy,
was divided into two aeations, The first
asetien proem:led safely to London, erre,.
ing at the usual hour, The second section
had over 100 passengers on board, inotnding
several noblemen and other distinguished
people. The train which consisted of
ooaobes from Dundee, Pertll, Abroath and
Aberdeen, swept safely through Gotland
and the extreme north of England. A thiole
fog prevailed and tete express train collided
at full speed with agoods train on a aiding
at Meteor House. The wreak of the express
train was complete, The carriages were
broken and jammed together, and most of
the passengers were caught in their com-
partmants as in so many traps. The wreck
took fire almost instantly from escaping gas,
and the smoke nod flame and the shrieks of
the dying and wounded made a horrible
scene.
Those who managed to extricate them-
selves uninjured hastened to assist others
who were yet alive and naught in the
wreck. It was difilcult work owing to the
way in which the carriages were crushed to•
gather, and the trouble In opening compart-
ment doors that were fastened after the
usual British fashion,
Men and women could be heard shrieking
for assistance and one man who was being
slowly burned to death and who could not
get out begged the rescuers, in heaven's
name, to kill him,
AWFUL SORNE5,
To add to the horror• the carriages caught
fire and were soon deatroyed. A large num-
ber of persons from nearby places were
soon at the scene and did everything .pos.
sible to extricate tho dead and injured. The
burning cars greatly hampered their efforts,
but had it not been for their bravery the
loss of iife would have been much greater.
The scone at the wreck was pitiable.
Some of the bodies taken out of the debris
had been burned beyond all semblance to
humanity. The clothing had been destroy-
ed,
estroyed, and in some cases the jewelry worn had
been melted by the intense heat. This will
render the identification of the dead in some
eases extremely difficult, if not impossible,
A wreaking train was despatched to the
scene as soon as the feat of the disaster be-
came known. A nwnber of physicians were
carried to the wreck, and they at once de.
voted themselves to relieving the sufferings
of the injured.
The elarquis of Tweeddale, the Marquis
ofHentley, Gen. Lambtou and Mr, I{ynoch,
a railway director, were in the Pullman
coach. Lady Stewart was in another car-
riage. .9.11 got a severe shaking up. The
Marquis of Huntley said that everything
possible seemed to live been done to help
the sufferers. The Marquis said lie under-
stood the accident wet duo to a signal man
being asleep. As soon as possible the
wounded were taken to North Allerton.
The .blargnis of Tweeddale, with the
Marquis of Huntley and a number of other
passengers, came from the wreck on a spe-
cial train. The Marquis of Huntley got off
the train et Peterboro. He seems to feel
more severely than the others the effects of
the shock,
Among the dead is Capt, Duncan ,lnLeod
ot the 42nd !Highlanders.
TIE DEAD NUMBER TEN.
The official report of the killed in the
fatal railway accident near Thirsk places
tie number at 10. Many persons received
slight injuries and a severe slaking-ap,
The signalman, who woe charged with
being asleep at his post, has been suspend -
el from duty pending an investigation.
The escape of tho occupants of the wreck-
ed Pullman ear was little short of miracle
Mule The wheels wore torn off, but the
body of the coach stood the crash with but
little damage.
Pinioned beneath the huge engine the
rescuing party taw a woman. She wee in
groat agony and screaming for help. They
were powerless to help her. She was burn-
ing to ieath and her body reduced to ashes.
The fire burned fiercely until noon, when
the flames weregotten under control,
The occupants of one carriage were im-
priaonsd by debris and in great peril. They
could see the flames slowly approaching and
suffered from the increasing heat. They
wore rescued in the nick of time.
The engineer of the express train, him-
self badly injured and held clown by the de -
brie, implored the rescuers to save the
passengers and not mind him.
Signalman Holmes is in a pitiable condi-
tion of mental distress, His child had cited.
on the previous night, He had asked the
station muster for leave of absence, but had
been echoed. Ho had to take his turn on
duty though greatly fatigued, and was so
tired that he fell asleep and neglected the
signals.
The Minister's Horse.
About fifty years ago, in tt remote pariah
in the South of Scotland, there lived a
minietor of the auld kirk.
His parish was a very large one, which
necessitated a good deal of walking. His
parishioners thereupon agreed that ho
ought to have a horse.
Sitting one day with glans in hand, this
question was broached t "Na, na," was his
answer, holding up the glass, whiel1 was
half full of whisky,"this is my horse, and I
couldna desire oclobetter,"
On his way home one day he found one of
itis members lying in a beg full of mire.
"What's lute the hatter wi' ye, John?"
said the minister,
"0h, naething, hio, but (spotter) the
minister's horse has thrown nue"
Trying to Deal.
A little boy entered a surgery the other
day, and on seeing the doctor he whispered
in 133s ear :
"Please, air, mother wants to know if the
measles is catching?"
"Of coarse they ors," replied the doctor,
"and toll your mother to bo very careful."
The boy, not being eatietied at
this, again
whirapored eoulitlentially into the doctors
oar:
"Please, air, mother wants to know what
you will give her to spreed'efn about the
111150, My sister Betty's got thou &win 1,"
Natural Curiosities.
An Antltons (Ga.) horse always refuse to
work on Sundays,
In a cavo in tho Pantheon Cha guide, by
striking the flaps of hie coat, makes a noise
equal to that produced by Bring a twelves
pound cannon,
A deposit of natural cement, of good
quality, oovoring one thousand aareo, has
been discovered in South Africa.
Mayalipuran, Iridin, to graced with seven
of the most remarkable temples in Cho world,
each of thee° unique temples of worship
!raving been fashioned froom solid granit
boulders,
PEANOE'S 0IbANTIC ARMY.
Scarping rtgurea lt6Presenting Motr unlit '
Money:
The official report, Dir the war budget for
1803 has just been placed in the hands of
the French deputies, The flgtres ars Us.
wlldoritg, Since 1871 the military exports -
es, without (meeting the navy, amomnb to
eighteen Inilllards of freales. Subtracting
from this stun the pentium) and strategic
railway ex prime, there remain for strictly
military expenditures fifteen milliards three
hundred anis sixty-eight millions of francs.
Of this awn two milliards eight hundred
and ninety.ono millions hese been expend-
ed in the reconstruction of war material,
and eleven milliards seven hundred and
seventy-four millions for the support and
preparation of the armies, Here are some
of the figures iu detail:
rraares.
Armament 1565,149,060
Fortifioationa 731,660,636
Subsistence 81,388,730
Cling 242,594,022
Snnoth(tary
service 22,991,583
Remounting 27,347,694,
Railroads 86,671,005
The largest item in the bill was the cosh
of the ohangoe in the French infantry rifle,
The Cbassepot was discarded in 1874 for
the Gras rifle, and the whole army with the
reserves wore furnished with this weapon
when in 1836 the Label rifle appeared. In
flvo years this new riffs was supplied to all
the infantry and cavalry. Its extraordinary
accuracy and power have already been de-
scribed.
In fortifications the work has been press-
ed on with feverish activity. Vest intrenoh.
ed camps have been established at Lille,
Maubeuge 13eaanoon, Belfort, Verdun and
other pointe. The forts around these
planes completely shelter them from bom-
bardment. Moreover, the railroads and all
importantrou nes am also supplied with forts.
The discovery of new explosives has neces-
sitated some troublesome alterations in the
fortifications, To protect the casemates
and magazines, the safety of which was not
sufficiently guaranteed by the earthworks,
it was necessary to make beds of beton of
f mnenae bhioknesa. Armored cupolas have
also been established in some of the fortress-
es. Sheltering places and powder magazines
have also been made in rocks. Tho forts
have also undergone alterations in regard
to the position of the gnus. They were at
first found to be too much exposed, and
annexing batteries on a level with the
ground, intended for oblique firing, have
been set up to support them. At the Same
time, special works here been constructed
the e infantry destined to defend the gone.
The sanitary condition of the barracks has
been the object of great care, to guard
against the danger of epidemics.
In 1369 the regular army of France foot-
ed up 24,005 officers, 380,372 met, and 89,-
702 horses. At present it counts 28,382
officers, 484,015 men, 140,870 horses. In
1369 the army was divided as follows : 372
battalions of infantry, 238 sgnadrons of
cavalry, and 232 batteries of artillery. The
present nrmy has 727 battalions of infantry
4.18 squadrons of cavalry, and 580 batteries
of artillery. It should be remembered that
the figures for 1360 given above represent
the entire military force of France at that
linea; while the figures of 1802 represent
only the active army on a peace footing.
The effective forces of this army become
doubled in a few drays at the time of mobil-
ization,by calling out the trained reserves;
and between them and the regulars there is
no preceptible difference in their value as
soldiers. Moreover, these reserves are also
doubled by another reserve force. Andyeb
this is not all, In foot it is only the first
lino of the fighting men of the French army.
The second line is composed of the Wren of
the territorial army. This army, added to
the first line, gives a fighting force repre-
sented by the following figures :
Infantry, 1,650 battalions,
Cavalry, 000 squadrons.
Artillery, 750 batteries.
Including the forces at the depots, this
represents a total of more than two millions
of tnen. And to this colossal fighting force
trust still be added the 850,000 mon enroll-
ed in the reserve of the territorial army,
also trained troops,
The strategic railroads and the lines of
telegraph form a gigantic network, which
is kept in constant running order.
In view of these figures, which are well
known in Germany, it is no wonder that.
Emperor William is crying for more sol-
diers.
ODDS AND ENDS.
Russia useo iron telegraph poles.
Fortunate Iceland has only two lawyers.
The rout of land In England 300 years
ago wee about one shilling an anre.
In Sweden and Norway it ie a crimp to
make a profit on the sale of liquor; it mast
be dispensed at cost.
The only city in the world on the line of
tho equator is Quito, and there the sun
rises and Bets at the earns hour all the year
ground -6 o'clock.
Natives of Java pay ono of their prophets
5400 a year for refraining from predicting a
tidal wave which will sweep them into the
great deep.
Japanese doctors must be patient mon.
They never present bills to their patients.
They await theatient's inclination topay,
and then thankfully tempt whatever sum fa
offered.
A French artist recently evaded very
cleverly the law requiring dogs to be !nuz-
zled by painting a muzzle on his Fido. 8o
realistic was it that the deception mighb.
never have boon known if the clog had not
foolishly bitten a policeman one day and so
betrayed Itis fond muter.
No loss than eighty-six cardinals have
flied shoe Leo XIII. beoame Pope. Only
forty-one have been appointed since he
succeeded to the office, '!'hero are, there-
fore, a number of vacancies that must soon
be fillets, and there will probably be several
nominations at the ttext ooneisbory in
December.
The following test for watered milk is
simplicity itself : A well -polished knitting
needle is dipped into a sleep vessel of milk
and immediately withdrawn in au upright.
position. If the sample is pore some of the
fluid will hang to the needle, but if water
has been added ; to the milk the fluid will
not adhere to the needle.
But Mamma Wasn't Mentioned,
Mamma (to tibula daughter): "Well,
how does my little girl Ice her new gover.
ness 1"
Little Daughter; "0h, I think she's Peal
Wee, She says that I am a very pretty lite
girl, and that papa is just the nicest and
handsonest man she e'er now,"
Tho Roy, M1', Drowsio--"23y the way, I
observed on Sunday last that you got up
suddenly and deft the church before my
menet w0s Over. I was deeply pafuc»l and
hope yon can offer some expdaintn?
oe
Theological Stuclenb•—" 01, yes, sit ager
since I was a boy I have been a somn.st,ihu.
Betts