HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1892-7-29, Page 2THE BRUSSELS POST.
BATTLE OF QUEENSTON HEIGHTS.
BY ERNEST CRUIKSHANK.
(eoterreum) the else regiment, Capb. jamee Creek's
The result a this engegetnent had a very , and John lifeEwen's companies of
inspng Influence upon the troops 'th� let Lintioln, William Greek's anti
Lewiston, numbers of whom instantly pro. I Nellesothipatifee a the 4th Lineoln, Ap-
fessed greet eagernese to cress the river and plegeeth's, Hattie end Durand's companies
of the 5th Lineoln, a few troopers of Mot,
share the glories of the day, They etill
rit's penvinuial dragoons, and the remnants
pessessed a sufficient number of boate to
n
carry over the remainder of the division of the two compaies of the 49th and throe
before ten o'elook ; the passage of the of the York militia engaged in the morning,
numbering in all rather more than
river was now for some time entirely probably nu
unopposed, and why theY did net make SOO of all ranks, exclusive of the Indians,
better use of their opporimulties has never who oortaiuly did not exceed one hundred.
beep eatisfaetorily explained. One officer Ae the enemy's forces appeared to be still
of rank (Col. Chrystit) stated that he those- coneiderably more numerous than hie own,
and they were busily engaged in fortifying
ed the river three times, end that Mayer
their position in evideet anticipation of
Nirallany went front one side to another no
less than five thnes during the day. Po, another dived attack from below, the British
commander determined to leave Holoroft's
five hours after Brook's death they tvere
pra timidly in unmolested possession of the
landing, and the heights as well, and Col.
Van Rensselaer asserted that as long as the
men showed any inelination to oross, the
boats were well managed. As it was, con-
siderable bodies both of regular troops and
militia were brought over with a six -pound
field piece, its carriage and tumbrel. Short-
ly after seven o'clock Col. Chrystie came
Over and assinned the command, but finding
himself unable even to dislodge the garrison
from the village, he recrossed the river to
bring over reinforcements with artillery and
inteenching tools. Upon hearing his report
of the situation, General Van Rensselaer
despatched au order to General Smyth, at
Buffalo, to move hia brigade to his support,
and sent over an engineer officer to
lay out a fortified camp. About no-ne
he crossed in person. General Van
Rensselaer and Colonel Chrystie ex.
&mined the position on the heights
and gave dtrections for its immediate forti-
fication Engineer officers were set at work
and field works traced out. The gun iu the
rearm was unspiked and brought to bear
upon the village. Colonel Wintield Scott,
two guns, supported by a detaohment of
infantry, to occupy the village, and prevent
the passage of reinforcements while, with
the remainder of hie troops,he moved around
their flank, ascending the heights in rear of
the woods already occupied by the Wiens,
and formed a junction with the column
advavoing from Chippewa, whioh would in-
orease his numerical strength by 150 men.
Although this mancenvre would oompel him
to make to detour of nearly three miles before
engaging, he would atonce escape the enffind-
ing fire of the batteries at Lewiston, avoid
the steep ascent in the lime of the enemy,
render their fieldwerks useleas, and place
his men on anequal footing with them on the
open and level ground above.
Tile Indians redoubled their aetivity as
the column approached, keeping, however,
well under cover, and thoroughly succeeded
in baffling any attempt to harass its ad.
vance. Within en hour Sheaffe gained the
cleared ground on the right of the
woods °coupled by them, extending as far
as the portage road, when he beheld Cap.
tain Richard. Bullock advancing from Chip -
with his own company of the 41st, and
the future cuuqueror of Mexico, having ar. Captain Robert Hamilton's and John
•
rived frora Buffalo during the morning with Rowe's companies of the 2nd Lincoln,
a battery of artillery, placed his guns in strengthened for the occasion, like most of
the others, by a number of volunteers from
position at Lewiston and °reseed the river
I the ranks of the sedentary militia. Fore -
to take command of the regular troops at
Queenston, who were reinforced by detach. ; most among other aged 'nen properly
menta of the 6th and 23rd U.S infantry and , eiretrapt front eervice, whom the emergency
2nd and ard artillery. About the same I had impelled to oteize their arms again, was
time Brigadier -General William Wadsworth Lieut -Col. Halle Clench, once 00 oflicer in
assumed command of the militia brigade, patter's rangers, and then the distriet
consisting of portious of Allen's, Bloom's, fudge, who had retired from command of
Mead's, and Seranahan's repiments, and ; the lst Lincoln battalion a few years before,
kloseley's battalion of riflemen, The me- owing to infirmity.
cise number of men belonging to these corps I The combined force, numbering
that passed the river, it is now impossible about 930 officers and man, was
to ascertain. Estimates by their own Mil- formed for the attack with the lighe com-
of the 41st, under Lieut. McIntyre
cers 'ranged from one thousand to sixteen PallY
hundrtd. Some companies of militia were
represented by officers without men ; others
by men without officers, while a few were
almost or quite complete.
The sound of a heavy cannonade from the
mouth of the river excited the worst appre-
hensions in the minds of the little band Unit
continued to occupy Queenston village, tin.
til they were reassui ed by the arrival of
Captain Derenzy with several eompanies of
the 41st and militia, a detactitment of Royal
Artillery with two field guns under Captain
Holoroft, and a party of Indians led by Cap-
tain John Norton and Lieut. John Brant.
Stragglers from the fleid whom these rein-
forcements encountered on the road, report-
ed that Dennis' entire command had been
cut to pieces, and that five thonsand men
had landed. Aecordingly they had advanc-
ed much of the distance at the double, and
when they reached Queenston they were out
of breath ancl quite exhausted. Linder these
circumstances et would have been folly to
attempt the recovery of the heights, where
the numbers of the enemy could- have been
seen momentarily increasing, but Holcroft
promptly planted his guns on the high
ground below the village, and endeavored
to interrupt the passage of the river.
• Small parties of the enemy had entered
the upper part of the village, where they
plundered some of the houses, but they
made no effort to occupy it in force. After
a few shote, finding that his pieces tvere
too far as'. y to reach their boats, Holcroft
again limbtred up, and, guided by Captain
Archibald Hamilton, to whom every inch
of ground was familiar from boyhood,
dashed boldly across the travine and
through the village until he reached Hamil-
ton% houee, where he took up a position
within the courtyard partly sheltered by
the mine of the wall. Derenzy at once
supported him with a compauy of the 41st,
ancl his fire soon became effective, although
and the two companies of the 49th, still
commanded by the dauntless Dennis, on the
left of the line next the Indians, eupported
by a small battalion of militia, under Lieeta
Col. T, Butler. The centre and right wing
were composed of the five remaining com-
panies of the 4Ist, having in support the
rest of the militia under LieutrOol. Thomas
• Clarke. The two small field -pieces, drawn
by men with drag ropes, preceded the
advanoe of the line, which was necessarily
deliberate.
The number of combatants actually array-
ed against them at that moment cannot be
exactly stated, bat could hardly have been
less than nine hundred, of whom more than
half were regulars, Like the British, the
force was made up of detachments from many
different battalions. Its ranks had been
much diminished by desertions since the
Indians had renewed the fight, numbers of
men stealing down to the river and lurking
there in the hope of finding means of escape.
Perceiving that Sheaffewas preparing for it
decisive attack upon his position,andprobab.
ly having no desire to grace hii triumph as a
prisoner, General Van Rensselaer deter.
mined to return to Lewiston, with the lin-
gering hope of enlisting a reinforcement
from the large body of militia still congre-
gated there. He had scarcely entered his
boat, when the ekulkers at the landing
crowded into it in such numbers, that it
was in actual danger of being swamped by
their weight, and pushed off heedless alike
of his threats and entreaties.
His departure left Colonel Smith in cam -
mend, having under him Colonel Olaystie and
Brigadier-Ueneral Wadsworth. Sheaffe's
movement obliged him to abandon his
uncompleted fieldworks, and take up a
new position on the croun of the heights,
where a slight barricade was hastily ex.
temporized with fence -rails, logs, and
brushwood, with the left flank reeting on
1 he lost several of his best men. A few the edge of the cliff, and the riflemen on the
spherical ease -shot drove away the enemy's other, facing the Inchans from among the
rfflemeu, and he then engaged the batteries
opposite, firiug also, when an opportunity
offered, at boats on the river. The battery
on Lewiston Heights was still out of range,
but the guns at the landing were three
times silenced, and a SCOW, Wed at least
two other boats, sunk in the
act of crossing. Such was the pre-
cision of his fire, that from that time for-
ward very few men succeeded in messing the
river.
In the meantime Scott had thrown out
pickets to the edge of the woods on the
left of his position, and the Indians were
detached in that direction to drive them in
and annoy their working parties. This was
accomplished in fine style, as their approaoh
through the woods was undetected, and the
American outposte were surprised and com-
pletely touted with considerable loss. A
large body of infantry then advanced to re-
pel them and the Indians instantly ran to
the woods again, whence they kept np00
- incessant fire, accompanied with ahrill
whoops. The suddenness of the attar*
and the character of the assailante produc-
ed a genuine panic, which extended itself
even to Lewistoe, where a militia company
on the plat of entering tbe boats abruptly
halted and refused to prothed. Norton con-
tinued to skirmish with and annoy their
outposts, and although several tines at.
tacked, always eluded hie antagonists
by plunging into the woode, where
they dared not follow. Numbers of
the American militia, deeerted their nom -
pantos, and attempted te regain their own
ehore, and thenceforth their forth tontinued
to dimitish, In addition to the serious
annoyanee and loss inflicted upon the
enemy by this movement, direct commeni-
cation was again opened with the garrison
ot Chippewa,
Lipon reaching 4deenstort, Derenzy had
at once eent it message to General Sheaffe,
describing the sithatioe of affairs, and the
latter soon afterwards arrived and assumed
etemmand. He lost no time in ordering
every man that could be aparecl from tho
garrieone of Vert George and Chippewa, to
pin him without delay, By tWo o'olook
the tietaehments foto the former post had
alt arrived, leaving it occupied only by a
fee' men of the Royal Artillery told the
Lincoln militia, and those of Chippewa,
were known to be rephily approathing.
The faro already aesenibled wedded of
Ileicroft's cleleolitnent of Royal Artillery
With two six.pourdora, 00 squad of Swayze's
provincial artil lery With tteta three.pouriders,
under Lieut, Crowther, five ooropaidea of
brush -huts, formerly theumed by the 49th
light company. The gun in the redan could
not be made to bear in this direction, and
his solitary tieltl-piece was therefore plant.
ed in front of the °entre of the line, near
the sight of the present mcnument.
While wailing the attack, Scott
received a message from Van Renese-
laer, stating that he had been unable to in-
duce a single regiment, or even a company,
to advance to his relief, but forwarding a
supply of ammunition and assuring him,
that if he felt unable to maintain his peel.
tion, beats would be sent to remove the
troops, and the artillery would cover his
retreat, Upon Van Rensselaer's arrival on
his own shore he found a few men at the
landing, whom lie sent over, and then, ac-
companied by members of his staff and " old
Judge Peck," grotesquely equipped for war
in a huge cooked hat and long sword, rode
through the cantonments, exhorting the
groups of lounging soldiers they met there
on every hand te nffike an effort to rescue
their comrades from their perilous situp..
tion, but without produoing the slightest
effect.
Scott's men were already profoundly die.
couraged at being celled upon to fight an-
other action, and evinced a diseouraging
propensity to stray away from their ranks,
which he endettvored to check by instruo-
ling the sergeants to shoot those who
should attempt to leave their posts without
orders.
The tainted wee begun by the advance of
the 41st, width fired a single volley, and
then charged with fixed bayonets upon the
riflemen on the right of the American line,
who, being nnprovided with woapone to
resiat this form of attack, gave way In great
confusion, leaving its flank expoaed, On
witnessing the =these of this movement,
Sheaffe, gave the signal for a general ad.
vance. The entire line raised the Indian
warwhoop and charged with great fury, The
gun was taken and the position carried al.
most without resistance, and the entire
body of Ameritan troops forced swiftly
back eon the river, the Britlah /Me by the
advanoo of the wings gradually assuming the
form of a- oreeeent, and overlapping them on
both fianka Some of the fugitives, bray.
Ing the fire of the gum in the village, ran
down the hill towards the landing ; A few
took shelter in it home where they
Wore taken ; Stott himself, end a
number of °there, ecrembled down the /deep
bank to the weterse edge in the hope of
finding the promised boate;,Wittlaworth and
Chrystie, with more than three hundred of.
licers and men, surrendered en the ',Dirge of
the oliff.
bfeartwhile the fire of floicroft's artillery
bad rendered the passage of the river so
dangerous, that the boatmen positively re-
fused to undertake it and dispersed. de no
boats were waiting to receive them, it few
desperate man plunged into the river and
attempted to switn aerose, of whom some
perished ; the retneinder tried to secrete
themselves among the rooks and thifflrets
ulong the shore. The Indians lined the
cliffs above, or perched thinner:1ms in the
trees whooping lucese Andy, arid firing at
the fegitives whenever an opportunity offer-
ed. Under these circumstauces Scott was
glad to raise a white flag in the hope of
preserving the lives of the rest of his com-
mand. For a few minutes, even after this
was done, the Indians continued to shoot
down or tomahawk the unresisting crowd,
either not observing or disregarding this
token of submission, until it is said that
Sheaffe grew so indignant at their misoon
duct, that he dashed his hat and sword on
the ground, and threatened that he would
resign the command if they were not at once
restrained._ When this was accomplished,
390 officers and men surrendered there,
Some yet evaded discovery, and forty were
brought in next day, swelling the entire
number of prisoners taken to an aggregate
of 959, among whom there were one general,
six colonels, three majora, seventeen cop.
tains and thirty-six subalterns.
The loss in killed and wounded cannot
be exactly staced on either aide. The Brit-
ish official return is missing, but it is told
to have footed up a total of only sixteen
killed and sixty-nine wounded. The two
companies of the 49th are stated to have
lost three sergeants and 39 men alone, nine
of whom were killed. Two men of the 41st
and a gunner of the Royal Artillery were
also killed. It is doubtful whether the
casualties among the militia and Indians
were inoluded in this return, Two Cayuga
chiefs mid three warriors, whose names have
been preserved, were killed, mud Norton
and eight others wounded. Although this
loss was insignificant in point of numbers,
the death of Gen. Brook crag felt to be an
almost irreparable blow, and by many of his
opponents was thundered to have fully
compensated for their defeat. Lieut. -Col.
McDonnell seems to have been the only
other British officer killed, and none but
Captains Dennis and Williams appear to
have been wounded.
No complete return of casualties was at-
tempted by the Americans, probably owing
to the immediate dispersal of a large portion
of their militia, A week after t ie battle,
Van Rensselaer stated officially that it
would be impossible to furnish an exact re-
turn, but estimated the number of killed at
sixty, and of wounded at one hundred and
seventy. It was but natural that he should
attempt to minimize his losses, and accord-
ingly we find others inelined to believe them
very much greater. Leasing and 3. L.
Thompson, neither of whom would be prone
to exaggeration in this respect,agree in plac-
ing the number of killed at ninety, but
diminish the number of wounded. Content.
porary accounts generally put both still
higher. Colonel Mead, prisoner, estimated
the killed and drowned at one hundred, and
the wounded at twiee that number, while
Colonel Bloom, who was wounded but es.
cared capture, thought that a hundred
were drowned alone, and three hundred
killed and wounded. An eye -witness,
whose letter was published in the Bos-
ton ishsssanger, stated that 1,600
Americans were engaged, of whom 900 were
regulars, and that the number of killed was
variously estimated from 150 up to 400. A
letter in the Ontario Repository, alto from
an eye-witness,computedthekillingandmiss.
ing at 250, while still another in the Geneva
Gazette raised the number to 800. But a
British officer writing from Fort George on
the 17th of October, fairly distanced all
°there by the conjecture that 500 of their
men must have perished in the action, or in
the river, relating in support of his opinion
that one boat was seen to sink with about
fifty men, while two others, each having as
many on board,did not bring more than half
a dozen ashore alive in either of them.
There eau be no doubt that the loss of the
vanquished was severe, A single company
of the 13th lost thirty tnen in killed or
wouaded, and four oat of five captains of
that regiment engaged were disabled by
wounds. Three captains and three salami,
terns were killed, and besides those who
were taken prisoners, two colonels,four cap-
tains, and five subalterns were wouncled.
There were one hundred and twenty wound-
ed offlecre and men among 11 e prisoners,
thirty of whom died. The ho pi al at Nia-
garo was filled, and the remainuer sheltered
in the court house and churches. One hun-
dred and forty others had been removed be-
fore the surrender,to Lewistou,and of these,
not less than one hundred are reported to
have been buried within a month, many of
them dying from flesh wounds throagh in-
suffleient care.
Van Reusselaer's failure was complete
and disastrous. He had lost all his hese
officers, and the flower of his emotes, and
the entire division engaged was practically
rendered incapable of resuming operations
in the field. Ten days afterwards he aban-
doned the struggle in despair, by throwing
up the command. His successor, General
Smyth, reported that he found his force
diminished by more them two thousand men
in consequence ef the defeat, half this loss
having been caused by desertion. Several
of the militia, regiments had to be aotually
disbanded in consequence, and the men still
remaining in camp allowed to return to
their homes. A letter written from Man-
lius, N. Y., on the 3rd nf Noveinber, states
that "the militia oorps on the lines have
dwindled, and are dwindling to mere skele.
tons,some of the companies COntaining a less
number of privates than officers. The rffle
oorps from OW county ie reduced by dolt.
ness,prieoners, etc., to less than the oomple.
ment of a company, and Major Mosely in
tionsequenee has returned home." They
literally deserted by hundreds, and the two
brigades of Generals Miller and Wadsworth
were consolidated into a single regiment.
Besides the field-pieee already mentioned,
and about a thousand stand of small arms,
the colors of one of the New York regiments
wore taken. In November thia trophy waa
displayed in the courtyard of the Castle of
St. Louis at Quebec, band was thee described
by the Mercury ;—" It le made of blue or
purple colored changeable hill about a yard
e.nd 0 half Evan, with the unlit of the
United States on the side and those of New
York on the other, both aurrounded by it
eirele of stars,"
tTRE ENO].
Life Assurance,
Mr.a McGinty—Did vie gay Denny's loife
was MI, insured?
Kra. O'Re,ffety—Naw, inde,de.
befra, bleGinty—lbedad, an' him e, wet/kit'
on th' rooks wid th' blaaths ao' thinge,
Shave, Moike has his Mite insured, or, be.
dad, many's the toime he'd been kilt long
ago. Th' other day a blaeth wint off before
bob knowed it, an' divil a sehratch did lie
pit. Leif° biennia:3e is a fano inatitution,
and prevents many a leddy bate a widdy
before her Witte,
DEATH OF 'CMG 11SIRT.
The eitist Powerful Native suttee 10 Central,
ASPien mem it YAeleni End.
The other day this cablegram was receiv-
ed in Europe ;
" Meld Into been killed."
No particulars have yet come as to the
manlier of his taking off.
MOO was the most iinportant ruler in
Central Ahem, Of humble origin, he became
the absolute ruler of a large territory, and
at last (men eurpassed the famous Meaty,
Yamvo in the extent of his power.
Four rifles were the foundation of Msiri's
greatnese. When he was a boy be lived
100 miles east of Lake Tanganyika in
Unyanembe, where his father, Kalasa, wasa
trader in eapper. The fame of the copper
mines in Katanga, far southwest of Tan-
ganyika, near the Congo's head waters, had
spread far over Africa, and native tradere
went hundrecle of miles' to procure the use.
ful metal. Kuala tnade trequent trips to
Katanga, and on one theaslon instead of
leading his little expedition himself lie sent
hisyoung son Wei, in hie place. The young
chief had possessed himself of four guns,
and when he arrived In Katanga lie found
the old ruler of the country at war with
the powerful chief to the north of him,
who was invading the country. Meg.
CAME TO TRH RESOUU
of his father's friend. The invading enemy
had never before heard of firearms. They
were appalled when they heard the thuuder-
one report of the rifles. After a few shots
they took flight and never etopped till they
were safely out of Katanga,
Of course, the old chief was very much
pleased with Mahe, who had thus delivered
him and his people out, of the bends of their
enemies. He gave him large presents of
ivory, and when he took his departure for
home urged him to return to Katanga as
noon as possible. The next year Maki,
wishing to seize every advantage he could
derive trent the old chief's friendship,started
again for Katauga with his wife and chit.
dren and as many friends as he eould induce
to accompany him. He found the old chief
getting very feeble. He promised that he
would not leave hint, hue would remain in
tile country to receive the chieftainship
which had been promised to him. In a
short time the old chief, perceiving that his
end was near, gave up to idsiri the shell
which answers to the European crown, and
installed lofsiri as King.
alsiri at onee began to show himself a
Week Napoleou. He put every one to death
WI,J opposed him, carried on aggressive
warfare in all the countries around tum,and
even defied the powerful chief Kasembe
east of him, whose name has been on the
maps of Central Africa ever since that
region has been known. Mahe went on add-
ing
COUNTRY AVM. COUNTRY
to his possessions. One element in his won.
derful success was his shrewdness and far-
sightedness. He and his people ',a.t1 never
obtained guns and powder and other arti-
cles of war except front the east coast.
Thua he seemed to be dependent for his
very existence upon the friendship of the
tribes east of him. He had heard the vagu-
est rumors that there was a west coast, and
he thoroughly believed that this would
prove to be true, and thought be might find
in this direction an ample supply of war
stores. He therefore started out a °mad&
erable force of his men to the westward It
was really a native African exploring ex.
pedition, and it was completely successiul
in its search for trade and traders. The
hews of its coming reached the famous
Portuguese tracier, Silva Porto, who at once
equipped a trading earavan, and sent it
east to Meirkwho was supplied with pow.
der, guns, and cloth in exchange for ivory.
Now that he had opened trade with the
west coast, Msiri was able to declare his in-
dependence of all eastern tribes, and be
carried on his aggressions until he control-
led a ierger extent of country than any
other Central African potentate.
Of late years most of ehe southeastern
pert of the Congo Free State has been in-
cluded in Garenganze, as Msiri's territory
is known.
A number of years ago the young English
missionary Arnot was far west as Bailundu,
when some porters arrived with a number
of letters from Msiri. They were written it
year before, in a wretched sort of Porta.
guese, probably by some half.taught black,
and contained an earnest appeal that white
men should go to Garenganze. Arnot
LOOKED WITH. AMAZBAIENT
on this piece of rude, welltravelled paper.
Of course it was only as traders that Maid
had expected to receive white people in his
conntry. But Arnot decided to go there as
a missionary. He carried out his purpose,
and Garenganze lies ever trance been thoupieol
by missionaries, and more recently by
stations of the Congo Free State.
Arnot said tint the piece mud quiet that
reigned in Msiri's large coun try was remat k -
able. The King was sharp end severe in
his governmetit and was greatly feared,
though he did not use torture or cruelty as
a means of punishment. Executions, how-
ever, were common, but death was inflicted
in a most expeditious manner. Arnot de-
scribed the Ring as "a thorough gentleman."
"1 have no suspicion of his friendship," he
wrote, "He most carefully avoids asking
anything of me, and oll his family do the
same."
Meiri had many minor chiefs at all the
great centres of population. It is a peed -
lark of Msiri's country that women have
an importance there which is not conceded
to them in most parts of Africa, Each of
the minor chiefs was supposed to have some
relative married to Main, and these wives
of the King were really their "friends at
court," through whom all communications
with the king were carried out. The King
also employed these women as officers of
state, end independent districts were some-
times aseigned to them to be governed by
themselves.
Msiri's capital has for years been a great
trading point, Traders can be fund there
from as far north as Uganda and as far east
as Lake Tanganyika, the went coast, and all
through the basin of the Zambesi. Copper,
salt, iron, and slaves are the ohief articles
of commerce, In exchange for thee° Msfri
accumulated an immense stock of flint -look
guns, powder, cloth, and beide, besides
many other curious things brought by na.
tive and Arab tradere. Every once in a
while Maid would give a great entertain-
ment at which he would open his stores end
exhibit his treasures,displaying with pecul-
iar pleasure it most remarkable thollection of
tinned meats, music boxes, concertinas, guile
and pistols, all kinds of opera glasses,suien-
tifie instruments, generally mit of order,
trinkets of every description, watches and
fetvelry, as well al lots of east.off clothing,
Maki WM the lett of the really powerful
rulers of equatorial Africa west of Tenon/
ytka, It is probable thitt his etiocessor will
not have any/thing like hie power. , The
ociuntry will be divided amoog tho either-
dinate °hide, an arrangemettt that will
please the Congo Free Sbote witbebn much
prefers small unimportant native Govern
moots other than large and powerful kings,
who can, if they desire, give the Stete much
JULY 29, 1892
bre tibia. The old King'e career is an illus.
traion of the feet that even the native
African in the depthe of his own barbarous
country eau rise to positions of importance,
opulence, and power,
The Oare of Infante.
Tho blethers' Club of Seaview had DAM.
Dr. Scapulae to .give them a series of talks
on the eere of infents. They met at the
houses of the different membeee for an hour
00100 It week,
The ;loath began by stating that, while
it may be true that all women are not des-
tined to be mothers, yet every woman should
know something of the care of infants.
When you prepare the clothing of the
little infant, see to it that most of the gar-
ments are made of soft woollen materials.
Do not make the mistake of providing for
the personal appearance of the little strang-
er, but consider health and suiety of the
first importance.
Laces and linen may be as white as snow,
bat by no means suitable as under-elething
for the delicate infant.
I think, said the doctor, that most mothers
forget that warmth is necessary. This
Is espeeially important during the first
fortnight of its existence. Its advent
into the world exposee it to cold
draughts and chilly atmosphere, and it is
wiee to exert extra precautions for its pro-
tection ; therefore, warm, woollen clothing
is required. A broad band of the softest
woollen is of the first importance.
After the infant, has received its first
bath—and this should always be given in
some warm pleasant room, free front
draughts, and preferably before an open fire,
the care of the stump of the cord ehould
have special attention. It is well to have
this eaffifully wrapped in a pieee of soft,
old linen handkerchief.
Some ointment is always needed. The
best, in tny experience, is the Semites disin-
fecting ointment, which has a plorteant,
wholesome odor. Glycoboron ointn.eat, is
also good. Ilits should be put on generoas-
ly, all about the attachment and about the
cord iteelf.
In the case of a delicate infant, or one
born before its thole, the bath should be
given with the greatest caution.
It_ is best to use it baby's oommon bath-
tub, and not a. wash -basin, as is so often ern-
ploved. The water shoal(' be at 93.5'
Valirenheit—blood heat.
It is important to remove all the cheesy
matter which is found upon the body, Dna
especially in the folds of the skin. Some
reliable soap should be used freely.
Be careful to thoroughly wash the head,
removing every particle about the hair,
Many oases of cliseaeed scalp, which con-
tinue to defy treatment for months, have
their origin iu the neglect of this precaution
After the bath, anoint the body from
head to foot with warm sweet or olive oil ;
this meet be put or generously, but gently
with the palm of the hand. The oil is
important, not only in protectieg the del-
ieate skin from contact with the clothing,
but it also tends to maintain an agreeable
warm temperature, and is also highly
nutritious.
This first bath will answer Inc the first.
Iwo or three days ; after that the daily
sponge -bath is generally advisable.
As soon as poseible after its bath, the
babe should be placed close to its mother to
renive the warmth from her own body.
This is important, as no amount of clothing
oan supply the animal heat required,
Very early nursing is to be recommended,
The babe needs nothing which its healthy
mother cannot afford him, unless it be a few
drops of purewater occasionally. Sometimes
serious harm has been done by withholdiug
water from infants. This plan is not only
advantageous for the babe, but for the
mother aa well.
The best bed is a large iron or brass crib -
If the mother prefers one in the form of a
bessinette, it should be as arranged, and it.
anch a seoura position, that any danger
from its tumbling over can be guarded
against.
During the earlier weeks of infancy a
temporary mattress of down or rather soft
material should be placed over the hair
mattress tvhich is to be the permanent one
letTeirwor,,
bed covering should be warm but
light—one or two blankets and an eider.
down quilt make the best covering,
Great care should be taken to avoid
draughts about the bed. A room with good
ventilation end, if possible, an open fireglace
and with plenty of sunlight, is what we
should seek for.
It is it mistake to darken the room as if
you were treating it patient with diseased
eyes. The light should be eolloned, but not
excluded.
The air should be kept perfeotly pure,
and, as far as possibl ,e thoroughly deodoriz-
ed and dishifeeted. No foods or dirty water,
contents of slop -basins, etc., should be
allowed to remain in the room a moment
more than is absolutely necessary. Loud or
unneeeesary talking should be prohibited.
.9. well-trained nurse will see to lb that
quiet and the avoidance of any startling
sound shall be carefully attended to. The
nursing times must be decided Ivan with
regularity. The persons of mother and
child meet receive frequent attention to se-
cure cleanliness.
Front the earliest daya of infancy the
habits of regularity can be instituted.
The temperature of the room should be
maintained at about 70° Fahrenheit. If,
through mieforhune, the mother is ill, or
suffering from fever, the sick -room is not
desirable as it nursery.
In our next talk we will eonsider how the
baby is to be fed and cared for when,through
siekness or from other eauses, the mother is
unable to provide for it naturally.
--(W. Thornton Parker, M. D.
Pun About a Nose
Down 0-- is well known as being pro,
vided with an enormous handle to his then.
Wilma° in the shape of a huge nose.
On a recent occasion, when taking up a
collection in the thuroh to which he be-
longed, as Ile passed through the congrega.
tion, every person to whom lie presented
the box maned to be possessed by is sudden
and uncontrollable desire to laugh, The
deacon did not know what to make of it,
Re had often paesed the plata round before;
but no suoh effects had he witnessed. He
was fairly puzzled.
The secret, however, eventually leaked
out. He had been afflicted a day or two
before with a sore on his nasal appendage,
and had placed a small piece of sticking -
plaster over it, During the morning of the
day in question the plaster had dropped off ;
a,nd the deacon, seeing it, as he suppooed,
on the floor, picked it up and stuck ie on
again.
But, alas b he pieked up instead one of
the pieces of paper which the manufactur.
ors Of cotton paste on the end of every tool,
and which read : "warranted 200yards."
Seth a sign on each a nue was though to
upset the gravity of any congregation.
Our domestie affeotions aro the :nest
utary basis of all good government,---(Dis.
rasib
A BUKOR ABOUT 1$.10.30000.
--
itogioad, Smith, and 'Hely Said le Hay\
agreed te Divide tile (stumpy,
A despatch has been received front Paris
that is secret, Convention has been eigned
by England, Spain, and Italy for the par-
tition of Moroom, It was said only a short
time ago that Spain and Fromm were much
exereised regarding the designs of Great
Britain in Nfor0000, The " Repttblique
irrenealso," in an aettele on the missiou to
Fez of Sir Charles Buan•Sinith, the British
Ambassador to Mereeco, recently said that
the matter might lead to conflicts, and
added :
"Europe will do wisely to keep close
watch upon Great Britain's policy at Tan.
giee. The maintemenee of the European
egailibrium imposes upon her the duty of re -
sieving the intrigues aud encroachments of
a nation which would willingly make Mo.
recce &second Egypt. " The Spanish newe-
mere detnanded that Spain send war ships
to Taugier to watch the course of events
there, and considerable anxiety was dis-
played by hoth Prance and Spain to par-
ticipate in any of the benefits that might
accrue from the mission. The cioncessions
granted by the Sultan tu Sir Charles Evan.
Smith were comparatively unimportant.
If the three nations have now decided to
partition the country among themselves, it
is very evident that their differences of opin-
ion have been settled. The Sultan may re -
resist this sumtnary disposition of the clo-
minion, and it will be an expensive task to
subdue the country, 1 articularly if the sav-
age hill tribes side with their nominal ruler,
against whom for years they have, off and
on, been at war."
Watering Farm Horses.
A graed deal has been said, one time and
another, aboat the best time to water
horses --before or after ffieding. The
horsc'e stomach is very small—holding but
about three and a half gallons. Drinking,
tte the home frequently does in hot weath-
er when working, more than three and a
half gallous ot water at a single time, has
given Ilse to the assumption by feeders that
this water must pass through the stomach
into the intestinal canal. The inference
has not unnaturally been drawn that this
movement of water through the stomach
must carry with it into the intestinal tube,
grain rations fed before watering and ale°
the partly digested food of the stomach.
For the purpose of obtaining the facts,
Prof. Sanborn took four horses, watering
two of them before and two after feeding.
Then the order was changed, so that in the
second trial the Int previously watered be-
fore was now wetered after feeding, and
the weight of the animals vras taken before
and after Ole feeding, the food given being
also weighed. During the first period the
lot fed before watering gained 108 pounds,
and those fed atter watering 116 poen ds.
After reversal of feeding the lots as revers-
ed lost la -pounds, for those watered before
feeding grain while those watered after
feeding grain lost 64. pounds. This period
covered 43 days. For the total period of 90
days those fed before watering gained 44
pounds, and those watered before feeding
gained 64 pounds. This was in 1388-9.
During Ghepasteeason similar experitnents
were inade by Prof. Sanborn. Those water-
ed after feeding lost 167 lbs., and those
wa tered before lust 19.51bs., or those water-
ed after feeding lose 42 lbs. more than the
others in a period of 168 days. In both
cases, the experiments rather favored water-
ing before feeding. But when all things
were considered, the conclusions were
reached that horses watered before feeding
grain retained their weight better than
when watering after feeding grain ; hones
watered before feeding had the better apple -
tile or ate the most ; horses watered after
fdeding grain, in ratio to the food eaten,
seemed to digest it as well as those watered
before feeding, In it prior trial there was
a small apparent advantage, in favor of
feeding after watering, on digestion. It
seems advisable to water both before and
after feeding,
Similar tests wore made to show the ef-
feet of feeding ground and unground corn.
The coneInsions were reaohed that whole
grain was as effective for horses as ground
grain and that as ground grain evould
have to be from 15 to 29 per oent. more ef-
fective than whole grain to make the pro.
case profitable, it is not likely to be shown
that grinding grain for horses is profitable.
001th-tenting on this experiment, Prof. San-
born says Possibly the view that no.
ground grain, in the process of slow masti-
cation, sutures the greater efflution in the
mouth, and thereby a benefie, is nob incor-
rect ; or again, that ground grain in the
moist stomach tends to peck lute impene-
trable masses which non-grindieg obviates.
It is quite as probable howevert that
the partial bre %king that 11 secures in the
mouth is ample to eecure the full action of
digestive agents on the food eaten. We
know that pure water will at last penetrate
to the center of our seeds, end that die -
solution soon follows under the action of
certain forces that are set in motion in the
presence of moisture in eeeds. Shall we
assume that the acids, digestive juices and
ferments designed Inc the solution of the
organic compounds of seeds are inadequate
for its intended ends 1 The assumption is
a violent one insbeed of being a logical one.
If the view that grain should be ground is
to find an adequate defense, it would seem
that it must /est upon the energy required
to perfortn the work of mastication and
digestion of whole grain, which grinding
relieves the animal system of performing.
The time has not arrived for final conclu-
sions, or even for sweeping conclusions, on
the subject. It would appear that grinding
grain for horees is not likely to prove an
economical proms, unless it bo to relieve
worn teeth.
Row We Get Our Teeth.
Au eminent dentist is authority for the
following : It would take too long to de-
scribe the formation of the teeth, but it may
interest you to know that the enamel is de-
rived in the first place from the epithelium,
or soarfskin,While the dentine of which the
bulk of the tooth is 'composed, ie derived
from the 0111001111 layer below the epithelium.
Lime salts are slowly desposited, and the
tooth pulp or " nog% " is the last remains
of what WA5 once a pulpy mast of the sha
of the future tooth, and even the tooth pt;
in the old people sometimes gets quite obli-
terated by ealeerous deposits. The bidet),
two permanent teeth are proceeded by
twenty temporary deeidnous or milk teeth.
These aro fully erupted at about two to
2 1-2years old, and at about six yean of ago
O wonderful propose of abeetption sots in,
by which the roots of the temporary teeth
are removed bo make room for the advancing
pormenent ones, l'he orowns of the former,
having no support, become loose and fall
away.
One would naturally auppose that the
advancing permanent tooth mkt a powerful
factor in the absorption of lie temporary
predeoessor, but we have niany /ads to
prove It luts no Militate Whatever; indeed,
the interesting phenomena of the eruption
and miceession ef teeth are very little ender.
need,