HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1891-5-22, Page 3MAY 22, 1801
THE BRUSSELS POST.
AGRICULTURAL. Plat, 8 p!euted with potatsme cut in quer.
tors throuph the need end. Yield of large
otal yield, 300 pounds • amount oseed
tiotatow, 247 i)ounrie ; 182 puede
f
Some Fraotieal Feinta OMMOOted With planted, 1 1 pounds ; itiere'ase 358 pounds.
Milk Supply, Plat 0 pliteted in potatoes out in half
In a recent paper read before the Epi- through the seed end. Yield of hisge putts,
dendological Society of LondonEng., Ohs toes, 278 ponde ; 102 pounds ; total
Shirley is, Moroi y, medical,
°mom. a yield, 170 pounds ; aliment, of seed planted,
Heelth to the London County Council, And 132 ponittls ; inesexime, 388 pounds.
Sanitary DIreetor of tho Dairy Supply As. Piet 10, planted with whole potatoes,
sosiotion, London, dealt with many imports Yield of large potatoes, 233 pounds ; yield
ant peii ts of practical Sanitary interest in of small potato, 232 p0030318 ; total yield,
connection with the sobject of healthy milk 483 pounds; amount of seed planted, 164
production and noilk distribution. The potinde ; increase :321 pounds,
milk supply needs ease and supervision It will be seen that the yield increased as
hardly less if not more, than the water the dee of the pieces planted inoteased, not,
supply, and the piddle cannot be too often however, in eXitet ratio. IL will also be 110.
reminded and warned of the clamors con. tiood that the sate of increase of large potio.
neoted with it. In English exchanges re. toes was loss than that of the smell 0111311.
ports of ontbreake of typhoid aucl scarlet Especially is L1118 nothseable in the change
fever and diphtheria from infected milk us from half potato to whole potato seed; in
quite common. Dr. Erneet Hart, the this instance there an actual decrease in
talented edisor of the British medood Joao_ the amount of large potatoes of 16 per cent,
nal, at a recent London Congrese submit's(' while th4 iscreaso of man Psiiatoss is 31
an abstract giving, in tabular form, par. per cent, and the total increase is only
ticulan 01 71 recent epidemics, doe to in, three psis cent
footed milk, that have been recognized and The menus of plat .8 over plat 7 is—
made the eubtoot of detailei observation in hw84 Potatoes 13 per eent ; moan Potatoes
Great, Billow. In Canada they may ha 38 per cent : total increase 22 97 Cent
Mane anunnon than is apparent, 'as here Increase of plat over plat 8 is—large po.
Ss not the system of inspection tatoes P2 per cent ; small potatoes 26 per
there
which is exercised 13 England. Be- cesdr; total increase 18 per cent,
sides, outbreaks of infectious diseases Plat 10, planted with whole potatoes, re-
m ny other diseases of the human or,
mtniern, especially of infants, such as
sliarrliceus, tuberculosis and numerous dis.
ordered states, are caused by bad uiilk. In
the sup:weir:ion of milk dairies there are
onany points to be considered : the health
and conditiom of the cow, and even her his-
tory, for a cow may appear to be in excellent
condition for mouths and 3re1. be effected
with tuberculosis, the infective bacilli being
discoverable in the milk 1 then the housing,
the cleanliness, dryness, cubits space and
ventilation of the stable, and the surround-
ing conditions: the food of the cow and the
water she is supplied with; the condition as
ID cleanliness, Ste., of the ndcler and the
milkor's hands just befere the milking p10.
03088 ; the eons, strainers and other vessels,
and the cooling and 011,00 8(00 1,1.351, 1.110 milk
shall not absorb infections or impurities ;
that these be nu esses of infections disease
associated in any way with the family of
the dairyman or milk dethsrs or vendors.
Valuable human life nosy Ile sacrificed for
want of proper supervision in connection
with 31) 3)3880 different m °ceder:re direetly
associated u ith the pubile milk supply.
In the above name(1 popes assd in another
by Dr. Alexander Bryee (Prof. in Ander-
son's Col. Med. Schnol,—pub. in Glasgow
Sanitary 3 r. ) the following suggestions
amongst others appear:—No newly per -
chased animal shonld be lid mimed into the
cowshed nutil•it has been snljected to osie
month's quarantine, being milked only. by 14
person who does not oonte Into writact with
the rest of the herd, and if any udder
disease break out .in the herd, isolstion
sho Id at once be carried out. Clews lio
down in their own exeremout, a fresh wet
being put on eauh Slily, decomposition
takes place, and this goes on ‘or months.
Thera aro two setnedies given foe this
condition, with plan of stable lhow. These
are (1) make the 30030 0) the 03, 3)1 from 1.c
trough to the channel the extort length of
the cow's truly r (2) make the channel or
!loos back of the stall part, from 8 to 8
inches lower, so that the excrensont shall
be cpsitti cast of Pesch of the cow's quarters
when she lies down, If, hi additiou,
the floor in the stall be oovered
with clean straw and the portion neer the men, 15(10(1 never atoll feed again. I Oen cabinet•making, some at gildlug ; the own -
ammo) renewed eight and morning, there raise the steers with profit ready for fin 1811- pationa are various. Most of them appear
is no possible chance of the soiling of the ing, bub I shall let you people 01 the corn listless ancl inelancholy and work in a dal',
PEN PICTURES OF PRISON.
Tine COnriet's Life Of Weary T011
arid Sorr ow.
Palbeits Itrlilnel 8115 ltars—In the
Workshop -The Melttarluily
Morelli to a 1401 1 111 17
M511 1.
Life in it ponitentiasy ! Few outside of
Owe who have undergone its horrors know
what it is like, The old method of punieh,
ment, of solitary confinement in a dungeon
ooll, iii darknese and in chains, has been
eaperseded by alum of imprisonmentomoth
less terrible outwardly, 1.133 1.1.33 bettering of
the external condition of prisoners has not
rendered oonfinement behind the bars any,
thing that is no longer to be dreaded. A
glimpse into the life of a prison will eattsfy
tiny ono that it is a
31.111.0 lionWn 00 WHARININS AND sonnOW.
Weave in a 0003081 (01.03(4(1, or great open
room, of a big poison, looking out from
whieh, through a partition of heavy verti-
cal bars, closely placed, we see rows upon
rows of cell -doors, which like great stacks
of swallow holes, rise tier above tier. The
cells do not leek out upon the daylight, but
on the reside light of a corridor, for each
quired 104. pounds of seed, which, heing de -
one constitutes it building in itself. They
duetedfrom the total y ield, leaves an increase
e empty
of 321 pounds, or 67 pounds less than platO, mnow. The convicte are at work
in the shops—the long plain, two -storied
which was planted with potatoes cut in half.
In this ease tho increased y d was eee brick building that we may also see 9003
the central rotunda, across an empty yard.
enough to overcome the increased amount. of
seed required. In tho narrow cells are bunks, coarse
Commenting upon this experiment,
blankets, (1)5)33bedding, a chair—perhaps tL
sector Sanburn says : Di-
reeking-chair—and upon the thick, white-
d t
To the above data furnished by Professor "I'?hawalls aro almosalways to be found
knick knacks and cheap ooloeed pictures
Richman, will add the average of seven
on and advertisements, put up in it melancholy
years' experiment work by the writer,
eenege farms of two states of the Rath. tii
Here ttempt. s a very pathetic sight. It is the to make things look "cheerful."
'these results are in accord with recorded
cell of a man of education and cultivation,
results of a trial on the privet° farm of the
who in his eagerness to become quickly rich,
writer, and with many unrecorded results
became a. forget., and now he is a convict.
of investigators who have uonduisted ttrials
had, Ins youth, learned to paint, and
at several experiment stations. There seems Ilo
here is a canvas, on a rude easel, upon which
to be little occasion to doubt that light seed-
liehas been ooeupying his spare titne in
1(13 for the potato crop is followed be a far
smaller crop than she „se of 1(1(30 seed prison. It is a landscape, with cs river baek,
would 333'O.ti.eopse of 30088, a meadow, and beyond a
Average prodeet per acre for seven
y village, with the 0111130011 59)30 rising high.
The man is producing from memory a long
—From seed of whole potatoes, large, 224.1
remembered scene othis boyhood, end, in a
Mishels ; hem seed of whole pot0008, small,
177 bushels ; from seed of stem end of vats. narrow cell of a great prison, where nothing
30500 or growing is to be seen, and where
to, 148 Imehels ; from:seed. of seed end ofputato
110 lives among felons, he spends his time in
(period of six years), 168 bushole ; from one
picturing
eye to a hill, 8 1 bushels ; from two eyes to the 33135(01803375 which breathes innc,
1(18) 04 bushels; from three eyes to the hill, Lem's and freedifiu•
160 bushels wan (0200005 GARB.
Value per acre at 5) 03(833pee bushel— I But let us look at the convicts them.
From large potatoes, $1 12,50 ; from small selves. IA fiad them in their workshops,
potatoes 88880; from stem cud, 974; from with guards overlooking them. They are
seed end, $84 ; from one eye, $40.50; from in a dress of dull, coarse cloth marked tvith
two eyes $52 ; from three eyes, $80.
stripes. Their caps and short jackets have
Later trials with seed cut lengthwise or a dismal jauntiness abont them, which their
the potato showed that the system 833(8 ,3110 loose, straight trousers do not possess.
most economical of any tried. Good sized These clothes bring the convicts down to a
potatoes may be cut lenT,thwise into three cestain resemblance to a moth milller or
or fens pieces. Neither one or two eyes, so= grosesque or gigatitic insect. They
nor too seed, nos the s'em end of potatoes seem to reduce the man to his lowest terms,
should be used for planting. 'concealing any beauty or grace his body
Experiments made by the Ohio station may have, and renderieg his appearance
aro in general Record with the foregoing. hateful to the man himseff.
Nearly all the men have an air as if they
Texas Cattle as Bullocks. despised these clothes and suffered svithin
A Texas breeder lately sold it train load thetn. Besides being a badge of their serv-
of well finished cattle for 85.40 at Mast St Rude and a mark of their crime, they have
Louis—equal to about six emits par pound a distinct unpleasantness and even repul-
live weight in Chicago. Ho was congrat- siveness of their own. Some of the men
ulatecl, 01 1100030, but replied 2 " Gentle- are et work at harness -making sonm at
cow s quarters and udder, Theo, the cow
udder shotild be carefully cleansed (brushed
or wiped) before the operation of milking,
and " what is most important of all," the
Milker should %yeah his hands after the inilk•
ing of each Cow, or at least, n$ in Denmark,
after every second 0031'. 111 th 10 Wily, 511031 11
udder disease attack one cow, there is less
danger of the disease spreading to others.
As the paper states, ''53,11 these points (1(0 0)
the utmost importance, and it is strange
that so very few ply any attention to them,
and the only reason 311053 03511 be advanced is
tho ignorance of the farmer, preventing the
proper interpretation of the proverb that
Cleanliness is next to Godliness.' "
In the ease of ettob farm 00(1(111110(1. 103' the
Dairy Supply Association, ((((31 1111)11103' based
on the lines 01 1)30 909003 838(18 instituted, and
by this means the education of the thdry
farmer is proceeding all over tho country.
Each farmer was advised as to the best
methods of cleanliness in hitrown particular
case, and where alterations were necessary,
and eould be executed with little cost, they
were carried out.
There is in Caeada a board field for culti-
vation in regard to milk supply—as to legis-
lation, municipal oversight by local boards
of health, and above ell, education of funs -
ors and dairymen. The proposed Dairy
Schools in connection with the Agricultural
Department here may bo made of great
service in this respect.
Vegeterian.
Men capnble of sustaining fatigue for an
indefinite period are the pulse -eating Sikhs,
and the dateefecl Arabs. The Kafir and
Tarter live on milk. The Smyrna porter
can shoulder a load of eight hunched
pounds, yet his diet is fruit and olives.
Officers pi the English army who have
served in India say that there arsine mere
motive or efficient soldiers in the world
than the vegetarian troops in Northern
Indio. They can out march if not
out -fight any regiment of beef -eaters.
Irish and Scotch soldiers brought up,
the one on potatoes 05101 buttermilk,
the other on oatmeal, are at least equal
in strength mad endurance to tho
stune nunibor of Englishmen who owo their
powers and bull -dog propensities to roast,
beef and roaming ale. Cyrus, the great
Persian conqueror, lived from his youth, it
is 051(1, 011 vegetables, and drank only water.
The diet of the heroic Spartans was black
bread Ind vegetables, The ancient, Egyp-
region finish them hereafter. 1 on can do spiritless way. A few otherswork nervously
so very much cheaper than 1, and we can aud hurriedly, as if they killed the time
both make a, pro fi t.' 1 better in that way. .But there is no
The facts relating to this story coma from cheerfulness in the work of either kind,
Hon. John M. Pearson'welt known as al
farmer and legislator, andas having occupied stita lEI,ANC1101.1,' MARMI 50 3121211,5,
other high official positions in Illinois. The
'fihere ia nothing more inelamcholy, in a
&dot these Texan c ttble having brought
the highest market price for
.41001grewt prison, that the way which the con -
any
corne to theihneals• arid eat their food.,
cattle puts the editor of fl'he &alms Farmer
At 12 0'010013 lb great bell is rung in the
in mind of a oircumstanee that %burred at
center of the prison. The men leave their
Chatsworth, Ill., in 1800, where .150 betide'
Texas cattle were fed in the stables of the
beet sngar company there,
The cattle were pot ieto the stables in
November of 1808 and taken out (the lint
sleek) about the last of .April, having been
fed five months and being fulls: finished.
They were shipped to New York direct,
under the care of the foreman of the stables,
Before Mining thesaper intenden t of the farm
(2,4(10 acres) and of the factory advised the
foreman as follows : When you tret to New
York tho butchers will say the cattle aro
distillery fed. Allow any reasonable number
to be taken ont and killed and take the pace
ofibred for them whou on the butcher's block.
If not satisfactory no Mere will be sent to
Now York and the balance 01 1.1(18 draf 1. may
be reshipped to Boston." (The steers were
fed on boot pulp and corn meal exe)esively
with whet good sweet hay they would eat.)
The steers being opened and cooled the bid
for thee:table was the highest ruling price
for steers of any kind. The rest of the cattle
Were subsequently sent to New Yoek ond
sold at the best puce for finished steers of
any breed. The superi•tondent of the Chats-
worth farm and factory is the present editee
of g7to Prairie Farmer and fully convemont
with the facts as given, showing that well
fed Taxans may be turned hito superior beef
nueer proper feedina.
Murder of an Englishinau at Venezuela,
A terrible murder of a Deltish mailed by
the Venezuelan police has been reported.
The 0880030 )0 snpposed •0 the warmth
of the boundary . dispute. Ile name Of the
tinuclereil man so William Campbell. He
WaS 31 13110011 grolt-lio1der on the River
&rime in British :Mans, a11t.1 was arrested
on the 83.1. of February while vieitieg an
Englishman named Nettmes living on the
Vellenclan siee of the Amo mime river.
Campbell offered no he mescdy
slaked leave to travel by 1118 433 conveyanoe,
The sergeant er the V00e0:0403 police, how -
over, ordered 4,Pu of his ,o shoot hise,
Ho did so, and .• •ms asphalt and
flans Were oppoSod to killing 1118030111803028,inale, Irons 0201)1000311 'rho 1009001030 of,
religions sortiples. Buddha, Pythagoras,
pollee sent Coitipitell to the Venezuelan
Plato, Plutarch ,Diogones, Seneca, Lamm:tine
,mrernOr of 03 0 )300011100 311 Orinoco. Tho '
Milton, Newton, Loonordo da, %%mei, Governor caused him to be taken bash to
Wordswoeth, Franklin, John Wesley, 'Wm,
Atnaceereo, Whera he was at once liberated
Cullen Bryrids, Bronson Alcoa, and many without a? inneh as 0, °harp being made
othee greats thinkers arid indefatigable
workere, all bear witness to the valet) of
51211910 1101113 without the user of flesh meats.
—So says, Tho TAWS of Life.
Potato Experiment&
It is getting tittle to plant, potatoes in the
North. Dance the followieg from. the Ohio
Experi men t Station will be timely:
The following eitperintent is reported 111
1,110 bullotie of the Utah Experiment Station
for March,„byll a Richman, hortionitutil..t,
tho object (ming to observe the effect of cut-
ting seed potatoes into largo or small pieces
—that 10, 0) 1103103 few ormany eyes in each
piano 1
Plat 730<18 &Med witb pototoes 093 )30)1)1
two eyes in each piece: ' Yield of law po.,
tatoes, 217 pounds ; small, 1 10 pounds ; to-
tal yield, 921 pounds ; amount of seed plant-
ed, 37 90011.318; increase 290 pounds,
against him. Campbell then entered the
1108)311311, 2511(1 died ott the 1311)1 of ;Varela 31,'.
Anson, the &stria magistrate, held ail in-
quest on the body of the murdere(1 wittn on i
the following day, and tho jury found a 1
verdict, of metdor 3530(11101 1)10 sergeant and
private ef the Venezuelan police,
It
A. limy Thotightfrl •1 1
workspour out of the shops ueder the oyes
of their guards, end foinn single file along
the side of the building. They stud these,
each man behind his neighbor—nolclose that
their bodies often touch, the right hand of
owls resting upon the right shoulder of the
man in front of him, Then, at commend,
they ,advance, in step. This is the " lock
step. ' The men march in snaky movement
entirely areinul tho yard, thcir legs moving
all tDgether, and each man's so close to his
neighbor's that the lbw looks like a great,
many -legged reptile. This maroh is peculiar
to oonviets, and is another reminder of their
condition. In it they seem to heave them-
selves forward rather thon to walk. The
resemblance of the line to some groat
serpent is most striking, and even revoltiog.
21 SOLITARY 3(3(33,,
Then= enter the main prison in this way.
Nero the lines separate, the men dividing
03001(11119 10 1110 831330 of the building where
they aro confined ; stopping before apesteres
in the kitolum wall, beneath tho rotunda,
they receive, upon a tin dish, their allow-
ance of food, Etteh man, with this dith in
hand, goes up the iron stairs to his csoll—to
his solttary wallow hole amon3. tho rest—
shutting his iron -barred door behind him
with abang. When all the men &rein, tho
guard, standing at the end 01 )1)10 corridor,
moves a greats levee 10111011 fastens all the
cell doors upon ono tier at :moo This lover
itself is looked down, and the men aro closed
Behring Sea Dffloolty Explained,
A special despatch from Washington sot
forth some ititeresting facts relating to the
present condition of the Bullring 8011 3)1108.
t1011. Mr, 131810e, ib 5(10018, is unwilling to
ootne to any definite understanding with
Gnats Britaitt with ragard to the adoption of
measures for the preservation of the seal
(luring the present season, and 7011(11(133final settlement of the whole controver7sy.
His excuse is that the °port made to tho
Tecasnry Deportment by Mr. 1201133'of the Smithsonian Institution, who last
summer investigated the condition of the
seals, is unsatisfactory because there is rea-
son to doubt, the 001102110308 of some of the
atatements mode therein, Another special
agent has, therefore, been deputed to aunt
\leeks. foe the purpose of making rt move
borough investigation, and until his worst
s a:calved 111r, Blaine will not outer into
he arrangement which Great meta is
wady and anxious to 11100 Made.
Since Mr, Elliott's return front Aleelca
he reason for withholdieg his velvet from
mblication hes boon shrewiled in mystery,
especially as it was known that he had 06 -
ported great destritotinn or seal life. It will
be remembered that in the later stages er
lie diplomatic correspondence Lord Solis.
isery expressed his entire willingness to be
tt party to on international. agreement for
the preservation of tho 000.10;0083 Mr. 131a4ne
&Reeved 11. 10 he understood that tins pro-
position wits acteepte.ble to the United States
Government, The Soorotrso'y2 in foot, gave
Sir Julian Pauncefete verbal assurances to
his tired, and tho latter has recently made
0 What did the dock. ,I,rt • cur bus.
band ?"
"
isn't quinine pretty dear '1"
1' Quinine and 15)1151(3''' It
s
"Yes, but wo didn't get any. Poor John
is wry considerate. Ho told 1830 1(01. to mind
the ; ho would try ana geb along
With the whiskey,"
The Louis Qui ..e neat beep° to eno o
t lie loading ety1t.3 ..'..0n00 and streetwoor
several (Alvin to secure the emu:lesion of
the proposed agreement, Why, then, does
r. Blaine hang buck? The full exploits.
tion, accotrding to the American press la
that the lessees of the sealing psi.
N'i1l1r11 1111(e illtedered, mid that
Mr, 1311i11e is uotss working in their interest.
Ills Elliott., it seems, reported that while
the " peaelterit " were reripeuellao 1,13 35 large
share of the injury to 8001 melt greater
damage Wee being dune by the luesees them-
selves, who, though movented from killing
the females, were recklessly slaughtering
the bulls, aud thus enusilig 2180(10(18 diminu-
tion in the nut:there of the young, This
explains the withholding 01 1)10 report, and
it also makes cleer 1(10 10(58011 or tho dissinis-
tral of Special Treasury Agent Gott, who
corroborated Mr. Elliott's statement, and
last mermen; stopped the operations of the
knees xylum they had killed 21,000 seals,
The latter, it is stated, have 11083 induced
Mr. Blaine to postpone any agreement
until next autumn, in order that 1)1 the
meantime they may be at liberty to kill as
many seals as tltey can during the present
small. Mr. Blicinea solicitude fin. the
interests of the lessees is explained by the
fact that among the loading members of
the company aro Mr, D. 0. Mills, fathei,
in-law of IVIr. Whitelaw Reid, Minister to
France mud proprietor of the New York
`.6.1biter, the Administration organ, and also
Mr. Stephen 33. Elkins, one of the Score.
they's warmest supporters and the manager
of his campaiga at the 1888 oonvention.
to view of these facts the mystery which
surroanded Mr. Elliott's report vanishes,
and Mr. Blaine's recent determination
is fully explained. Last weak Sir Julian
Patincefote called upon the Secretory
to protest against his new move, and
subsequently he offered him Lord Salim
lessy's proposition in wrlting, to the
effect that the British Government would
.stipuleae that there should be no sealing
by British vessels in the Behring Sea,
if, for a term to be agreed upon, the United
States would suspend the killing of seals
either at Bea br on the islands, a cont.
mission representing both Governments to
investigate and report upon the fisheties In
the meantime. Mr. Blaiee, however, is
looking after the interests of his politica)
friends among the lessees, told so, notwith.
standing his former professed anxiety for
the preservation of the seals, he refuses to
enter into the proposed agreement, and in-
tends to allow Mr. Mills and Mr. Elkine
and their colleagues to continue their de•
struotive operations this season as before.
In doing so, however, he only fu thistles an
other proof of the insincerity of the olaims
and pretensions WhiCh he has put forward
on behalf of the United States in this matter,
WONDERFUL AFRIOAR RUINS,
A. Puzzle That a NOW 1108 1 1151 PeOPle Ilas
Lcrt le Archie olosiets.
The Royal Geographical Society, aided by
the British Association, is sending the well.
known explorer, Theodore Bent, to investi.
gate remarkable ruins in. South C'entral
Africa, known as those of Zinthabye. The
ruin are 8110380(1111 Mashonaltind and were
ocoupied at the tine of the Portuguese ex-
pedition into the interior in 1.506 by a peonle
they denominated Moors. As tar es 01330be
ascertained these ruins consist of labyrin-
thinewalls, 000 83)11.10 ann' 110(1 8.04 enclosing
in one past a conissal tower still 30 feet high,
on which no entrance has been discovered,
although, perhafm, there may be one, pastly
buried beneath the debris, These buildings
would appear to have formed a strong fort-
ress, impregnable before the introduction of
cannon, the entratioe being so consteneted
that only one person could approach at a
time, aud being then always fully exposed
to the arrows of the garrison.
There aromany other peculiaritiesdeserving
of notice in the oonstrnotion of these build-
ings 3121 one part projecting.stones stand 0111
from. the as though originally support.
ing, a staircase or gallery ; and these stones,
hi
wch are very hard and of a dark greenish -
black color, are ornamented with a pcttore
of diamonds and wavy liouili ; then otte of the
most perfect of the oval's hos a frieze of zigzag
pattern, formed of very thin slabs et hewn
stone, let iuto the wall about 25 feet from
the ground, on the southeastern side only ;
83131101 11(0 whole of the walls, towers and
other structures aro built of blocks of granite
hewn into 1.115 811190 of bricks, but a littte
larger, and pub together without mortar,
the walls being often 10 feet thick at the
base, and about seven or eight feet at the
ton.
But remarkable as are the 011100 of Zim-
babye, they'd° nob stand alone, but appear
o be connected by a chain of forts with a
mess of ruins eear Tail, fully three
mired miles farther to the west, so most -
y similar in stracture, design and orna-
mentation as to leave no doubt Nvhatever
that they were the work of the same peo-
ple '• while similar masses of rains are re.
ported near Monica, and also in the Tram
scan) east of the Nylstroom.
Who were the fabricators 01 11(080 build-
ings whose ruins alone remain? Some have
attributed them to the Arabs ; some to the
Phoenicians and many peouliar names, 1111411-
0e05 and customs have eattsed this land to
be regarded as the Ophir of the Bible, the
golden lend whence Solomon drew the gold
and ivory for the Temple of Jerusalem, and
whence the Queen of Sheba came to see
and judge for herself or the winclom of
which 810 had heard.
At the time of the Portuguese expedition
many fruits were found tinder the cultiva-
tion that were nob indigenous to Afriott and
the traffieg up 01 1.18088 may serve as 0 clue
to 11.0 10111 builders of Zimbabye.
The Czarina and the Dressmaker.
An incident took place at the late funeral
of Miss Strutton, the Ozer's nurse, which
illustrates the 90.851113 3331131 permanent phases
of life in St Petersburg, A dressmaker in
the crewel, seeing the Emperor and hie
brother following the hearse on foot, press.
ed forward with cerlosity. 13e1313 in moven.
big herself, site 80311011083 get into the pro-
ceseirm, 021I1 followed it to the English
eattrelt. Here she was on 31011101,
for sho had attended wed,lings of English
ladies for whom she worked. She mitered
with the mourners and got a good scat near
tho Imperial family, in spite of (3311 1130 vigi.
helve exerted to koep out strangers. .After
tho service the Empress shook hatids in
lioglioh ffishien with tho relatives 0( 1110 de•
ceased, and presently She 033,1101.0 the 0111111.
1311'0u4 who premptly dropped a deep 0 la say.
Bot the loaminess pit; mit her hand in ft i end ly
garsp. Al 3,1,14 13(3 presenee of ol,.1 of the
ererEewenitte vonished, and she fel" or the
feet, of her Imperial mistress in 1111 ght.
Only the tact, or the Iimpreee prevented a
painful seem,
Solely—' Do you bailee°, Ma Sprathy,
that there is luck 111 hereeshoes 1" Sprotby
lf theve is it stays in 'cm 21101301' know
01 333113. contin' ea or 'em,"
t, I can always tell when. Jimmie boy has
fittished his pudding," sot& Uncle George.
How 1" asked the boy's mother, tt nor°
isn't any 1011. 010 I0)8 plo.tc."
,EXOTIOS IR AUSTRALIA. MARTINIQUE.
The Scold' Thistle, Waterrress, 313181011
111111551/11% 11 11 11 1411•551 1/5155 Have
Proved Parrs.
.A Seotehman living ill Attettallia awl vie.
Ring ble native /and carried beak
the oabloo, or soakia, tho read., is
doubtless aware. A grand bouquet 333330
hold in Melbourne by 200 Ssetelossen and
the thielle, in is huge 01180, erren1,1e-1 is
place of honor in the centre Of Oft table
writes Thornea W. Knox. It was toasted
and cheered, and the next day it 831414
plemted ha the puldio garden with a 313
deal of rejoicing, The 11118110 grew awl
thrived and in due time its dowe was 0:111.
tared by the winds ; other thistles sprang
front the seed, and their down Was 811(1.
1.0(5(1, and In a few years the thistle hod
made itself thoroughly at tonne in all parts
of Australia. It has rooted 0(11. 1110 native
grasses on thousands, 1 could alteeet Hay
rnillions, of acres of pasture land, destroyed
sheep runs by the hundred, and mewed gen.
oral execration of the Scatchman who took
ea much pains to import 11(0 03)3)511. In ft
similar manner the watercress, the English
sparrow, the sweetbrier and other exotics
have proved very troublesome and caused
immense losses. The watercress has choked.
rivers, caused great fioo:ls and impeded
Davie trim ; the eweetbrier IlEe01110 a
strong anil tenacious hush whieh Spreads
with great rapidity, (lest roymia the grasses ;
and the innocent daisy has been nearly as
injurious as the thistle.
Fifty English 893(0r0838 were taken to
Australia in 1800, and 11014, there are enema
less millions of them in all the colonies ;
they refuee to eat inneets like their (111008.
101-5, but devote themselves to fruit, groin,
peas and other vegetable things, to the
rein of hundreds of farmers end gardeners.
Moral -beware of exotics in a new country
The OrigM of the Mafia.
Crime -stabled as it is 10-110.3', and ghastly
wit)1 murder every etop of its tortuous secret
career, the " Mafia" sptang into being from
an inspiration of patraotism, but 110 502)1
birth was heralded by a. libation of blood.
Many years ago we read its story in an
English magazine, (i)' our recollection is
faithfela and that recollection is freshened
by a recent oommunieration in the St
Lonis Repabfir, though our remembrance of
the incidents differs 80mewhat from the
eurative of the St Louis correspondent.
The "Mafia" society is 0080 810 hundred
years old, having its origin at the revolt of
Palermo which took place during an Easter
ceremonial in the suburbs of that city in the
year 1.28t A beautiful young girl and her
betrothed, in accordance with the quaint and
primitive custorns of that people, approached
the Church et the Holy -Ghost to be united
in marriage at its altar; and while the lover
sought the venerable padre in the iittle room
at the rear 01 1110 huildiIlg, his bride paused
upon its threshold. As she Wood, expect-
ant --graceful as a fawn, faits as 04150.111, her
innocent heart throbbing with its new-born
happiness—a drunken Sergeant of the
French garrison, Druet by name, 01.11(110 319
behind her, threw his t 1711 about her waist,
0.ndllhrOlStO.11uge, brutal hond into her pure,
snowy bosom. With a wy of horror and
fear the poor child tora herself front Ins pol-
luting grasp caid turned to fly, but the heel
of her dainty slipper caught m the coping
of the stone tia..ement aml she fell, striking
her head agsinst Is sharp projection of the
church comm.
At that instant the returning lover's eyes
fell upon his beautiful mistress—lying life•
less, her while brow gaping with its mei
wound, her long tresses dabbled with her
blood With the savage fury of rt, wild
beast he threw himself- upon Druet, bore
him to the earth, and drovo hit stiletto ts the
wretch's heart crying : " Morte alla Fran-
eia 1" "Death to the Freneh !" There was
a moment, (53.11080 of silence, and then that
maddened cry became the rear of infusiat•
ecl thousands, It swelled and deepened ; it
took more solemn ineaning--became 11(11)071-
alizxl—ancl then burst foeth 1"Motte mita
French:. Italia anela !" " Death to the
French is Italy's cry !" For seventy-two
hours armed bands, headed by the father
1c1.,.d
tbe.trothed of the hapless girl, hunted
down the hated French, 8811-011nd their
as the quest of the tiger and blood -
1.1
B.tretribution was to come after this
calriit
al 02 1.10011, and in dread of the vet: -
ponce of the French Nation these unhappy
people formed themselves into secret organ•
izations with the password and name of the
society made up of the initial letters of the
words which composed that fateful death
cry, thus forming " leltafht." Its object was
resistance to oppression, and es the lapse of
years added to its power and influence it
stretched forth its hands against tl,e rich
and mighty in behalf of the poor aud the
clown -trodden. To-cl0.0 it is but the Ithieorts
cloak of the creeping ding an'l the assassin
of the night.
The Number Seven in the Bible.
On the seventh flay God ended his work.
On the seventh month Notth's ark touched
the ground.
In seven days a dove was sent.
Abraham pleaded seven times for Sodom.
Jocob mourned seven days for joseph.
Jacob served seven years for Rachel.
And yet another seven years more,
Jacob was pursued (5000031 days' journey
by Labatt.
A plenty of seven years and a famine of
seven years were foretold in Pharaoh's dream
seven fat and seven lean beasts and
seven cam of full and seven ears of blasted
corn.
On tlm seventh day of the seventh tnenth
the children of Israel fasted 8e0e01 days ruel
remained seven days in their tent.
Every seven days the laed rested,
livery seventh year the law was rend
the people.
In the destruction of Jericho, seven per-
sons bore seven trumpets 00008 days. On
the oeventls day they surrounded the walls
seven times, and at the end of the seventh
round the walls fell.
801001011 Wtle seven years boilable the
Temple wed fasted seven days at its &dice -
t ion.
ln the tabernacle were seven lamps.
The golden candlestiek had seven branch.
OS
Nalle111.11 WeR11Ve1 0e11 thlle$ in 1110 river
Jordan.
Job's (81 (1"' sot es,. is Islet 0, 0010 days and
seven (4,3)11 0, 1.:(10011 belhleite and
seven rents ter /111 al 01101110a.
' 00r 1402111(1 0110lt0 seven dime fire,: '1 ,
.esnes, oil which he heng eevon hours, awl
alter his resurrection appeared seven times.
In the Itevelation we read of seven
churches, seven candlesticks, 000011 Mar%
500013, trotrOPetS, seven plagues, 000011 thmt-
ders,seven vials, seven angels, and 133 seven
headed monster,
(loth -like fabries arc very popular this
Swim,
411 Wand 'rind 1.0010: ;Ake 33 nu or Pratitql
Cour .001.1417.
le a 3e1111111 of rrmasntic
beauty, extending fru(11 the edge of the
preity harlior to the foothills of the 11181111,
loins itusl looks like a fragment a Franco
gotta astray. Every building is of venerable
03 (010, 111111111111 strutiture, huge and roomy,
and windoWed by deep jalousies, The heavy
tile imofs overlutiv, Wm sills 1 do the eyebrows
f man, and 030 coveted with silvery mows
awl vines.
The }greets me nearly all paved with
lielgian blocks, 111111 lillerldhlg sestet. rushes
down the middle of moll in the gutter, to-
ward which the pavement elepes.
Everybody liver out of deers, The hata
bor is skirted by a wide boulevard, shaded
by palm trees and. famished with iron seats,
where the populate: gather 111 the evening
and chatter like magpies. Liming the day the
womee sit 111 the glIlqiell8 and at night sleep
in harninoults mules the verandas, except iO3
the rainy season, when they keep their
houses. There le no glass in the windows and
net a chininey 111 tlio plaee. Al) the enoking
is done in chareoal 81.0008, or upon shelves of
stoue like a Week:smith's forge.
There are 501110 line churches Fuld one aa
cathedral that is worth a visit. The people
are mostly Catholics, but there in a large
colony of Jews engaged in banking and
trade,
The town of Port de Franco, which was
ktrown as Port Royal during the time of the
empire, is the seat of the govern neat, where
the lieutenant governor lives and commands
gatrison of 300 017 400001038,1 soldiers, It
18 351.0111 twenty miles from Sr. Pierre ana.
has 10,000 inhalaant,, but the latter place
is the eoniniercial eapital and the fashionable
residence, The blauks niel whites live to-
gether as brothers and sisters of the common
family, often intermarryiag. Many of the
eolored families are wealthy and aristocratie
awl send their children abroad to be educat-
ed.
The upper classes wear the latest 9000561
fashions and live with considerable comfort,.
but the colored women of the common class,
as elsewhere in the tropics, are clad in a sin-
gle garment of cotton. without any particu-
lar design of concealing or exposing their
anatomy-. They toad themselves with a
large amount of jewelry of peculiar dcsigns,
and on Sunday and forum days get themselves
up 10 31. most elaborate and outlandish man-
ner, mon and women both rivaling the
pinmage of the birds in the myriad °piers
they assume. There are no poor, no alms-
houses, no asylum for the indigent.
The women of Martinique carry their
babies in a peculiar manner by placing
them astride of the left hip, and strapping
them there by wide sLrips of cloth. Mar-
tinique has a population of 1 51,000, of
whom 12,000 are white, 30,000 of mixed
blood, end the remainder colored.
The island is covered with fields of sugar
cane, mostly cultivated by the women,
while the men do the heavier lobos in the
sugar miles and in the harbor. There are
no carriages or carts, but the women and
donkeys are the common carriers.
Those is a good opera -house where per-
formances are often given by local talent
awl once iu awhile an opera or a. play by a
company from France.
One of tile 111051. beautiful parks ill the
world is known as the Place Bet tie, where
there is a, magnificent fouutain of broaxe, a
most graceful water nymph f mrtecn feet
high, bearing upon he head a basket, from,
the rim of which jets of water flow.
121 August this fountain exhibits soma to
strangers is a most amazing phenomenon,
spouting myriads of little 1101104 ((keret as
1(13030 (13 whitebait, with 1.04)03 ,15 tram,' lit rent
0,0 erysinl. Thexe are called titire (10121 10(110
from the muontain streams with witiab the
fountain is fed. In the nunth nf saresist
they conic from 1110 080 anti are 8a113'11 by/
the pipes that feast the fountstie. h 1 peo-
ple expectieg them come 11013011 Wt.:. I has.
kets, scoop them ep, and, taking illenl
home, fry them in oil ; they make .11 311-10118
morsels.
Martinique was the birthplace ef the
Empress Josephine, tvliose family, atoll live
near fort de France, and their ool homes
a little ono -story bona°, is still to In 3.8en.,
The Grand Old Man.
Twice during the past few days has the
Hun. Alta Uln,lslolie given his palliates ataxy
colleitgues gennine eurprise, once 331 an
unusua1 dieplay of temper, and moths isy his
hearty support of the pundit g bill to tarend
the divorce low. The ferules 'doh ls not
particularly pleasant tocou'eMp ac is said to
have been due to the lawns c); two 1 the
Irish members, 11r. Russel and atr. Sander-
son, Mr. Russel going so far as to olutre the
Liberal party with • ,, Ise to defesm the
Irish Land Bill. Ti this Mr. (31,3331,3( 08 re-
plioa, "Tinitieabsolutely untrue," and when
the accuser proceeded to make :mid:nation
the veteran statesman whose rum •i• ass very
manifest again assorted in longtime:nue par-
liamentary 1.1,351. 1110 statement WOS eflltrary
to fact. As to the question of divoreo Mr.
Gladstone has hitherto held yery (healed
opinions and leasstently maintained that one
mese and one only, 30I0., adultery, ran
jestify the release 0) 3.11000 who have 003.e3' -
ed the marriage bend, The pending bill
however includes as well desertion for 35
period of four years. Compared with the
other this is a light alnico and can hardly
be plosed in the BelTle eategory. That 111r
Gladstone should have eltangal his opinion
ought not to have cans:Agent ousurisis 11 18
characteristic of the Grand Ohl (let Ito
holds his views subjeet to eli,tba1 yla nowt
it, eau be shown that 10 adhere te 1.10 old
opinion involves the a _tray or shatting
ed when the opinions wore originally adopt-
ed. .And who save the die -t w111 bunn
one's oyes 1 o important awl and revelatio,:s
of tb
teeth which were uot pi. amt or consider -
the man who adopt.-
whatever the faults sad failing- Mr.
Gladstone bigotry innuot be ju•tly laid at
his door.
Bathe.
The Loudon ilbspina tells of n. 030,11,031 900
who, like Bond's pathetic herrjs. s ill the
" Snug of the Shirt," 1300r1(e,1 tilt the stars
shone on the roof, lice eyesight sod
1)10 810(13' goes on "Sho SAW at Ow -vino
111110 for 11(0111.5, four needle:4,0ml fon: sr sms,
She at first trotted them as an illtesien, lmt
at the end of 00011l 13(30, in consequeese of
weakness and ponlonged Menta1 an indy,
0110 10033100331 tloat she ItItHreallyscivies feus
strains at onto, and thsit Clod, touched 1,y "ser
misfortune, 111(1 worked a miracle oi iser
favour."
1,1161.ary itt 0'
itouc•ri—WII.O. ale 70 . row . n,
living?"
Smith --I the by writing.
lite• the press?
0, no 1 I stiles te the old man wan
month to .. ad ine some more money.
A fixed idea is like ilt,, iron rod which
sculptors 1)21)5 111 theit "es. It impaha
111d011012110'18,