HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1899-3-24, Page 10" WE WANT GOOD ROADS.'
By A. W. Campbell, C. E., Road
Commissioner of Ontario.
The Great Need of This Country is Good Roads—How
to Build Thein Economically Explained by an
Expert—Useful taints and Diagrams to the Road
Builders of this Country.
LOCATION OF ROADS. asterously, and throw iron and steel
There are very many- instances where, into disrepute. A council advertises
by c-hsnging the course of a road for tenders, Time companies responding
slLgtutly, municipalities would save a supply their own plans and specifioa-
%pee ruin in eonstsuction, and at tike Nene. Thus far the procedure is en -
same time produce a better road. It Mindy satisfactory cele difficulty
slight deviation would frequently avoid arises when councils accept time lowest
swampy or wet ground, or would do tandem. without obtaining the advice of
away with the necessity of expensive an experienced builder of iron bridges
cuts and fills. A hill can sometimes as to the plans and specifications sub -
be avoided or tea grade very mace nutted. Tihis is a mattes in which few
reduced by altering the location of the township engineers and surveyors are
road. There is a prejudice against talc- qualified to decide, and certainly the
Ing Ube roads from the lines laid down , wisdom of counoillors. entirely w:ith-
!n the original survey, and property out professional training in such mat -
owners prefer to heave their farms . tars, is not to be trusted, Cases have
bounded by straight lines. At the seine occurred :n which a difference of Live
time the value of good roads to the dollars have influenced a council to ao-
farm should not be overlooked, and Dept a tender for a bridge which was
whenever a change in the road allow- manifestly, to a man of experience,
ane means the obange from a had to worth lees than the other by several
a good road, or a change from a steep hundred dollars; and which was indeed
to a gentle grade, the alight inconveni- unsafe offering every likelihood of fail-
enee created by the alteration of boun- tare with attendant loss of life and
dry lines will be many times repaid,
CULVERTS.
In no branch o3 municipal work is
so much money wasted as in the con-
struction and maintenance of sluices
and culverts. In most townships these
are built of timber. Timber is perish-
able, culverts are subjected to repeated
changes of wet and dry weathen the
severest test to wihicb timber could be
subjected. Each year a large number
of these culverts are renewed at a cost
of from $5 to $50 each, in some town-
ships aggregating from $500 to $1,500,
and this is an anunal outlay. The life
of these struotures is so sbort tbat it
is not more than five years before re-
pairs are required and these repairs in
a short time amount almost to renew-
al of the most expensive kind. A brok-
en plank, or stringer, a rotten log or
any timber replaced with new at differ-
ent periods, melees the maintenance
very costly, and this class of structure
the most temporary and expensive. No
sooner have they all been rebuilt than
we must again commence the recon-
struction of the first, in this way the
expenditure becomes perpetual, and
fixes a large percentage of our annual
tax. If abase culverts are in their
proper locations, natural watercourses,
and other fixed places, tlliey will always
be required and their construction in
the most durable manner is the best
and most economical plan.
For small culverts there is very lit-
tle difference in the cost of timber and
vitrified pipe. If properly laid the lat-
ter will withstand the frost and is dur-
able. These pipes may be used up to
18 inches in diameter; and the capacity
may be increased by laying two ar
more rows, but the pipes should have
at least one foot of earth or other fill-
ing between them. Culverts of 5 or 10
feet span should be cement concrete
arches, whioh is permanent if the con-
crete is properly made. Tose concrete
should be composed of first class cem-
ent: olean. sharp, silicious sand, free
from earthy particles end coarse en-
•ough to pass through a twenty mesh,
sieve; clean gravel screened through an
inch and a half screen, the largest
stones to be not more than two and
one half inches in diameter; or in place
of gravel broken stones that will pass
through a two and one half inch ring.
These materials should be mixed in the
.proportion of one cubic foot of cement,
two cubic feet of sand and hhree cubic
feet of gravel ar broken stone, with
just enough waiter to make the whole
into a plastic mass. Time sand and cem-
ent must first be mixed dry, then a
sufficient quantity of water added to
make it into a tihick paste. It should
then be thoroughly mixed again, spread
out, the stone or gravel added, and the
whole thoroughly mixed until every
stone is coated with the mortar, then
put it in place. Time walls should ex-
tend well below the frost line and have
a wing at tate ends to protect the em-
bankment from wase.
BRIDGES.
Wooden bridges, except where timber
is very plentiful in the immediate local-
ity, are not a goad investment in view
of the reduced cost of iron and steel,
and the increasing cost od timber. Tim-
ber decays quickly, and wlhile cheaper
than steal in first oost, is more expen-
sive after a term of years since the
Dost 01 repairs is very great.
Generally speaking the cost of an
iron superstructure is more than that
of woad. The substructure of stone or
concrete Is mare expensive than pile ar
orib work, but as in other structures a
firm foundation is most serviceable and
economical. Wooden foundations from
decay and other causes settle and the
least settlement in the foundation
twists the timber causing a disarrange-
ment of the strains and frequently
transferring time greatest load to the
weakest point. Wherever timbers have
a seat or bearing exposed, decay seen
commences, and vehen least expected,
collapses under a heavy load.
Wherever timber is used in bridges
It should be used in members from four
to six inches in thickness, the strength
of the beam or chord being obtained
by building several members together,
properly breaking joints, and coating
each bearing with lead. A further
protection is to cover these built timb-
ers with galvanized iron to protect the
numerous joints and bearings from
moisture. All caps, eorbles, chords,
braces and floor beams should he made
in Mite way so idiot the thickness of no
timber will be more than six inches.
A wooden bridge should be painted one
year after erection; iron bridge at time
of erection, and care should be taken
to see that they are kept painted and
that all nuts ere kept tightened so
that each member may carry its fair
ethane of the load, i
The cost of renewing a wooden bridge
in which a man has to be sent to put
to a new timber from time to time,
will amount to twioe the initial oost, of
the bridge. Ili Mlle way the ultimate
cost of a: timber ebruature becomes very
great.
The course pursued by soneindeed
most municipalities in eteetie0 iron
bridges le likely, however, bo result dis-
great expense for reconstruction. It
is difficult to understand the action of
some councillors shrewd in other mat-
ters, in the construction of bridges and
other publics weeks proceeding with
such apparent disregard for the true
interests of those whom they represent.
A small sum spent in securing reliable
advice is as much a matter of economy
in public as in private affairs,
RECENT ROAD LEGISLATION.
The State of Massachusetts is one of
diose which has taken advanoed steps
in road imps+avement. On petition of
a county, this state road commission
may, with the acs nt of the Legislature,
adopt any road witeno fire county as a
state highway. Except that the grad-
ing and bridging is done by the county„
tens work thereafter, both construction
and maintenance, is under bhe author-
ity of the state commission, Also on
petition of two or mare cities or towns,
a road between them may be made a
state highway. The "state com-
mission' is composed of three com-
missioners who compile statistics, make
investigations, advise regarding road
construction and maintenance, and hold
public meetings far the discussion of
road matters. One-fourth the coat of
construction is paid by the county the
remaining three-fourths being paid by
the state. In 1804 the state spent $300,-
000, in this way; in 1895 $400,000; and in
•
cent of the oust„
IN' BRIEF,
Roads that "break up" are lad roads.
Make road improvements in such a
way that they will be permanent.
Whether by statute labor or other.
means undertake roadwork systoma-
tIeaUy,
Appoint a supervisor Item will have
charge of all the roadwork.
Make road beats five miles in length,
choose the hest men as pathmasters,
and keep them in office .
Classify ti's roads according to the
nature and extent of traria over them.
Specify ties width of grade, amount•
of crown, plan of drainage, !rind, width'
and depth of material to he used, and
see that Leese specifications are carried
oat.
Purchase gravel by the pit not by the
load,
Use clean road material.
Strip the clay and earth from over
the gravel pit, before the time of per-
forming statute labor.
If screening or crushing is necee-
sary, let this be done before the time of
statute labor.
Ike not waiter money in making tri-
fling repairs on temporary structures.
Roads, culverts and bridges will al-
ways be required, and their construc-
tion in the most durable manner, suit-
able to requieements, is most econ-
omical.
If statute labor is to be made suc-
cessful the work must be systematical-
ly planned and some definite end kept
in view.
Have the work properly laid out be -
!fore the day appointed to commence
! work. Only call out a sufficient num-
ber of men and teams to properly carry
out the work in hand and notify them
of the implements each will he requir-
ed to bring.
Let no patbmastor return a rate -Pay-
ers' statute labor as performed, unless
it has been done to his satisfaotlan.
' In justice to others make the statute -
labor returns olearly ; show what work
hos not been done.
See that the council collects the am-
' oust from the delinquent parties and
have it expended the next year.
Time pathmaster should inspect the
roads under his charge after every
heavy rain -storm. A. few minutes'
work in freeing drains from, obstru -
tions, filling holes, diverting a current
of water may save several days' world
11 neglected,
It is imposslble to d.o satisfactory
work on clay roads which are very wet,
or which have become baked and hard-
ened by heat and draught. The opera-
tor of the grading machine should have
Instructions to commence work on clay
roads as soon as the ground has be-
come sufficiently settled in spring—
and not to leave this work until the
time of statute labor, usually in June,
When the ground is hard and dry(
With the money which can be spent,
! build permanent culverts, permanent
bridges, buy machinery, buy gravel
"A .Iae pub' data Blan-
co Watson, the hnlmorlst,
"Yes," I replied, looking at the
buildings we were approaching, "but a
strange position—away from the high
road, and surrounded by villas."
"A very strange position. We will
rest in the public -house, and I will
tell you how it came to be built in
mesh) a strange position."
L smiled, and followed him into the
saloon' bar. We sat at one of the tab-
les, and were silent for a time, he
thinking) and 1 watching. bine,
"The story begins." he said, present -
"with a burglary committed by a
certain Bill Jones, one night long ago,
"Bill was a young member of the
profession. hitherto he had not at-
tempted anything vary big, but con-
tinued success in small things had
made him hold. On this night he
broke into the house of a well-known
actress, in the hope of oarrying off
her jewels.
He succeeded In getting the jewels
and was leaving with them when he
found that the slight noise be had
made had attracted attention. A ser-
vant girl met him at a turn of the
stairway and began to shriek. Tie
rushed by her and to the window
through which he had entered. As
be passed through it again he heard
doors being opened, and knew that the
house was fully aroused."
"I understand," I said. "Bill escap-
ed. The aotress employed a detec-
tive. The detective built this public
house• in an out-of-the-way place, hop-
ing that Bill, as an out-of-the-way
young man, would call in one day for
a; drink. Curiously enough', Rill did."
Blanco Watson frowned,
"This is an intellectual story," he
said; "it does not depend on coincid-
ences,
"I will continue. Bill avoided the
first pursuit by a (long run morose
country, and then walked toward his
home, not daring to use the railway.
He kept to the by -roads as much as
possible, and at the close of the next
day had reached the neighborhood of
London.
"A spade lying inside a field gate
suggested to him the advisability of
hiding the jewels until he had arrang-
ed for their sale. After making sure
that he was not observed,' be enter-
ed the field and picked up the spade,
A tree of peculiar growth' stood just
beyond him, In the manner of fiction
he counted twenty steps due north
from the tree, and then dug a deep
hole, placed the jewels in it, and filled
It up again.
"Ile arrived home safely that night
but was arrested in the morning, The
servant girl had given en accurate de-
scription of him to the police, and they
had recognized it,
"In dais course he was tried. Tile
evidence against him was very strong.
The servant girl swore that he was the
man she met on the stairs; some of the
villagers swore that they had seen
him, near the house previously to the
burglary. He was found guilty and
sentenced to seven years' penal ser-
vitude.
"Bill behaved very well in prison,
and at the end of five years was re -
Leased on a ticket -of -leave. He de-
cidedrto wait until the ticket had ex -
READY TO RECEIVE THE GRAVEL.—Cross-section.
Showing earth shoulders as turned back by the grading machine.
189G $600,000. It is intended that ul-
timately about ane -tenth of the entire
road mileage will be built as state high-
ways.
In Michigan, upon a majority vote of
the rate payers in any county, a county
road system may be adapted. A board
of commissioners five in number, ars
elected by the people to lay cat, and
construct certain of the leading roada,
to be paid for and thereafter main-
tained by a county rate.
A bill has just passed the New York
may be adopted es state roads. The pe-
tition of a county council, certain roads
ma ybe adopted as state roads. The pe-
tition Is first presented to the State
Engineer. If he approves of the see-
teen
ewtion of road thus sought to be improv-
ed, he prepares plans, sepoifications and
estimates. These are presented to the
legislature and, if approved by that
body, 50 per cent. of the cost of con-
struction is paid by the state.
The New Jersey Highway law pro-
vides that on the petition of the owners
of two-thirds of the land bordering on
a road, the state Commissioner of
Public Roads will cause the road to
be improved in accordance with plans
and specifications prepared by him, sub-
ject to the approval of the Legislature.
The owners of the land affected by the
improvement pay ono -tenth of the cost;
the county pays six -tenths; and the
state three -tenths,
Connect/oat has introduced a plan of
highway improvement providing for
the appointment of tbree state com-
missioners. When a township votes in
favor of constructing a road under hha
provisions of the State Highway Act,
specifications are prepared and submit-
ted to the state commissioners. le the
commission approves, time township
council lets °entreats for the work, to
be performed under the supervision
of the state commissioners. One-third
of the cost is paid by the state; one-
third by the county; and one-third by
time township. The expenditure by the
state in this way et limited to $'1,000
annually.
The State of Rhode Island has ap-
pointed a commissioner of highways.
When a council represents to the com-
missioner the need for improving a cer-
tain road, an examination is made by
him. If he considers the work neces-
sary, he prepares plans, specifications
aid estimates; and reports to bhe mun-
icipalities affected, also to the state leg-
islature as to the proportion in which
the expense should be met by the state
and the municipalities benefited. If
the state legislature approves the week
is performed by contraob.
Vermont anti Califorrnla also contri-
bute largely in the farm of state aid,
while Indianna, Kentucky and others
contribulte to a Less degree. Only the
bars outlines of the systems have been
stated, with the object of showing the
prominence the gwsstion of road im-
provement has attained of recent years,
adopted within the past five years. In
adopted within the past five years, In
all tbese systems, safeguards are placed
to prevent the expenditure exceeding.
foe• any state ar any locality, certain
reasonable limits, according to require-
ments and ability to meet the Pay-
moats. In moat of these etatee the
tax in ao levied that the towns and
cities pay the greater portion of bhe
cost of state road oonsbruetion;for ex -
;Maple, in the State o2 New York it le
estimated that hire people oittaide of the
pits, prepare gravel for hauling, con-
struct drains, operate the machinery.
lUse the statute labor as far as pos-
sible in drawing gravel or broken
atone,
Do not leave the graves or broken
stone just as it drops from the wagon.
Spread the metal.
Crown the road with a rise of one
inch to the foot from side to centre so
as to shed water from the roadway to
the drains.
Give the open drains a good fall to
a flee outlet, Lay tile underdrains
where needed.
Drain thoroughly. Seep the road
surface -dry. Keep the earth under.
neath the surface dry.
Use road machinery,
¢Use graders, stone crushers and road
rollers.
Improved machinery is as necessary
for good and economical work as are
self -binders and steam -threshers.
Employ one man to take charge of
the machinery. He will become ex-
perienced and do better and cheaper
work.
The same teams should be always em-
ployed to operate the graders. They
COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE
ROAD—Cross-section.
Daily gravel is dropped on the roads
without further treatment, The stones
are forced down into the mud, and the
mud comes to the surface.
become acowstomed to the work and
give better service.
Do not cover an old gravel road, withl
sod and earth from the sides of the
roar!. Turn this earth and sod out-
ward and raise the centre with new
gravel.
Adopt every means to seoulre a deed,
smooth, waterproof surface,
Do not let stones roll loosely on the
road.
Do not let rues remain. They make
travelling difficult, and spoil the road
IV bolding water. s defect
Make repairs as soon es tk
appears,
Use wide tires.
Improve the drainage of the hits.
Make the crown of the roadway higher
than on level ground.
Cbnnge the location of the road 11 a
steep frill oan be eyelike. '
Do not use wood far culverts.
concrete, vitrified pipe or stone.
Do not build wooden bridges. Use
iron, stone ar concrete.
Build good roads,
Use
Mistaken to bole Men.—wallaee—And
dud 3051 make earn eat his words? Har
greret'eis--Nn. fie twined cult to be one
of those fellows who would rather fighcb
than 'strut. 1
"Years passed, Tee deacon had be-
come an invalid, and B111 practically
managed, his business. Ho was au im-
portent man al the chapel, too, and
was often entrusted witil 8. colleotion-
box, One day the (bacon died. Soon
afterward it was known that, having
eta near relatives, he had sleet his pro-
perty to his friend William ;tones."
I see 1" I exol.aimore "13111-"
13lanooi Watson shook his head,
"BILL was Bili no longer," he said,
"He had become a man of wealth. At
the next election of deacons he was
one of )the rsuecessful candidates. In
future we must refer to him as Dir.
Junes, end not as Bf11
"Mr. Jonas Avaa a most energetio
deacon, Ile introduced new members
and he persuaded old ones to attend
more regularly. 1Ie started a young
men's lilersry society and a series of
Saturday entertainments. He made
the ohapel.the most popular in the dis-
trict;a ane them, at a New Year's bust-
ness meeting, lie struck boldly for
tea jewels.
'Tho chapel was too small, he said
in the course of an eloquent speech.
They must erect another on alarger
site. There was but one such site in
the neighborhood. They must secure
it. before others did. He himself would
undertake the building operations,
charging; only what they oost him, ria
would also purchase the old chapel. The
net expenditure peed not be very
great.
Tho proposal was well receivedand
al oommittee, with Mr. Sons as chair-
man, wan appointed to consider the de-
tails, Their report was very favor-
able, and at another business meet-
tng ft was decided to carry out the
proposal.
"The necessary funds were subscrib-
ed or guaranteed. Contracts were
made with Mr. Jones. In the spring
of that year the building operations
were commenced, and by the autumn
they were finished. The congregation
removed to the new chapel. Dir. Jones
purchased, the old one at a high price'
and entered into possession.
"And then;"I said, "I suppose he
got tbo jewels 1'
Blanco Watson laughed,
"Yo," he said, "ho did not. He broke
up the floor himeeif, counted the sbepe
due north from the tree again, and
dug. He did not find the jewels, He
counted the steps again and dug deep-
er. He did not find them. Then he
tried other places, but, although he
kept on until he had tried everywhere
beneath' the floor, be never found the
jewels,"
"Why, what had become of them?"
"I cannot say. It is possible that
when the foundation was ,being laid
a workman bad discovered and ap-
propriated, them. Again, it is possible
thab there were two trees oe similarly
curious growth, and that the one out-
side the chapel was not the one Mr.
.Tones first saw. Again—"
"And. what has the story to do with
the public -house 8 But I can guess."
"01 course you oan. Mr. Jones was
very angry with the chapel members.
He considered that by false pretenses,
they had led him into buying the old
chapel dearly and building the new
one cheaply. He resigned his deacon,
ship;, and then sought a way to be re-
venged on them. He found one, On the
site of the old chapel ha built a public-
house—this public -house in which we
have sat so Long.
pired, and then get the jewels and
In the days of Roman Empire the
Caesars brought captive to the Stere
nal City, Princes and potentates oft
their conquered outposts, The lot of
the oaptivea are not always a happy)
leave the country. But a day
ole two after bis release he walked out 1
td look at the field.
"There was no field. Daring the five
years he had. been in prison the estate.
of which the field was part had been
built upon. He wandered about the
houses in despair, But, as he turned
a corner, he saw something which sug-
gested hope. Behind some railings cur
was a tree of ious growth.
"It was the tree twenty steps due
northi of which he had buried the jew-
els, He recognized it immediately, and
ran toward it. Again be was in de-
spair. A yard or two north of the
tree was a chapel, and the jewels
were under the chapel. He leaned
against the railings, covering his face
with his hands.
"It happened presently that the bead
deacon of the chapel, a kindly old
man, came down the road. He saw
13111 standing like one in trouble, and
stopped and asked what was the mat-
ter and whether he could help.
"For a few moments Bill did not
know what to reply, but 'then he spoke
well. He said Mutt once he had been
si burglar, but that he had learned in
prison that burglary is wrong; that
now he was trying to live an honest
life, but that, as he had no friends,
it was not easy.
The; 01d man was touched. He had
found Bill leaning against the chap-
el railings, and Bill had said that he
had no friends. Was ie not his duty
as heed deacon of the chapel to be a
friend to 13111 i' Clearly it was.
"Re took Bill home with him; he was
a bachelor, and. there was no one to
restrain his benevolence. They had
supper and talked together. :the dea-
con found Bill intelligent and fairly
well educated, and offered him em-
ployment. He was a builder in the
neighborhood, he explained, and had
a vacancy in the works. Bill grate -
tally accepted the offer, and began
Ilia new career on the following Mon-
day.
Months passed, Bill had changed
wonderfully. Ile had forgotten his
old habits and learned new ones. The
deacon was delighted. Not only was
Bill the best of his workmen, but be
was the wont regular attendant at
the chapel,
"Bill longed for the jewels, end lie
worked herd because he knew that
money would kelp him to get the
jewels, the seat he had taken being
-' just twenty steps due north freed the
tree. At first he had meditated dig-
ging down through the floor one
night, best the Chances of detection
HOW NELSON HUNTED FLEETS.
Two Years Forcing a Trafalgar and Thr
Months Catching Bonaparte.
Lord Nelson was the greatest and
moat successful admiral the world pro-
duced, clown to the days of steam pow-
er, yet an mote than one occasion he let
his enemy slip past and lead him a
heart-rending chase for months before
a blow could be struck.
Bonaparte's expedition for the con-
quest of Egypt and the Orient had been
organizing for many months at Toulon.
On. May 9, 1798, Nelson sailed with a
flying squadron from Gibraltar lo scout
off the French port and ascertain the
mission of the French fleet. But the
enemy eluded him completely„ leftToul-
on with Bonaparte's army and disap-
peared at sea with Nelson none thewis-
er for having appeared in the Gulf of
Leone.
Reinforced by ten ships of the line
MSJ1\ITAZ HUSAIN',
The Queen's Indian Chef.
or contented one, though some of
them, it is recorded, established rela.•
tions in Rome, which advanced them
to high positions of honor about the
Caesars. Some such idea or a develop.
went would appear to apply to the
Hindoo attendants of the Empress of
India, and -our Gracious Queen. She has
at the present time three Indian at-
tendants, who look to her personal
comfort, and a chef over the Eastern
kitchen, which is called into use when
distinguished visitors from India go to
Loudon. The Orieutal 'department of
Nelson started in pursuit. But he kept
missing the French fleet. He called at
Alexandria in Egypt, but no French
ship was there. Then ha chased off to
Syracuse, but still no enemy. Finally
after about three months of vain pur-
suit he appeared on August 1 off Alex-'
andria again, and there he behold the
object of his search anchored in Abou-
kir Bay. The army of Bonaparte had
been safely landed. The oomplete de-
struction of the French fleet followed,
however, and the ultimate ruin 01 the
,Egyptian campaign was assured.
The canmpeign of Trafalgar perhaps ,
the mostmemorable in nava) history,
was infinitely more trying to the pa- 1
thane of both Nelson and the English
people than any before it. The British •
admiral blockaded Toulon, where the
French fleet was fitting far sea„ a full
year and a bal'f, and in all that Lime I
not once did he touch foot on bhe land.'
And how were his perseverance and
vigilance reworded? On January 15,
1805 the enemy broke away and swept
all to sea. It effected a junction with
the Spanish fleet at Cadiz, which Nsl-
ean had determined to prevent. Then
the allied farce wailed to the West In-•
dies with Nelson in pursuit. The chase
continued back to Europe again, with-
out success, and Nelson thereupon left
his ship and retuened teimpararily to
England. It was not until October 5,
1805, over eight menthe after the
French force had awned from Toulon
, harbor that Nelson finally met it and
the Spanish allies in battle off Cape
Trafalgar,
RATHER 1
Magistrate, (to the accused)- It ap-
pears
ark eya P you gave the plaintiff a
Prisoner—Yes, your worship, but I'm
quite prepared to give him half a
sovereign as compensation,
'Magistrate (to plaintiff)—Yon hear
What the defendant save t Are your
willing, to accept the half-sovoreigol
Plaintiff (eagerly)—dtatheir I (To the
defend
dant)k fh ate our es1de, old chap,
and
MUNSIII ABDUL 1ARIM.
The Queen's Indian Secretary.
the Royal household is in charge of
her private Indian secretary, Halls
Habdul Karim, who belongs to a good
family at Agra. and has bean in Hex
Majesty's service since the jubilee
year, 1887, discharging his duties
faithfully and well. The Queen speaks
and reads Hindustani with consider•
able proficiency, and she also shows
devotion to Indian art. Nothing gave
the Indian cavalry officers who forno
ed a guard of honor to the Queen in
the diamond jubilee procession last
year more pleasure than the fact that
they received their jubilee medals from
her own hoods,
AN INTELLIGENT SHEDP DOG.
week! steel sheep roe 111¢ !raster and
Drive Thein to a Secluded flare.
The Collie is a wonderful dog, the
most intelligent and, faithful of the
race. I will tell you an anecdote illus-
trating the sagacity of this friend of
the shepherd and his flock—thorough-
ly authentic, but marvelous beyond be-"
lief. It was Long the custom in the
Scottish Highlands, says Sheep Breeder,
to mark the sheep by impressing wits
a hot iron a certain letter upon thele
faces. The shepherds of Tweeddale had
far a long time( bean missing a few of
the choicest of their flocks, and one day
a blank -faced ewe returned to hes
lamb from beyond the river, with the
letter 0 burned lover the T that was
her owner's brand. A farmer living it
a wild and secluded glen, shut in by
orag and mountain, where the mist
came down like darkness and the eagle
screaamecl above the oataraot, wee
known to use the letter 0 as his "birn."
The glen was searched a,ncl '000 stolen
sheep recovered. He confeseed hie
crimes and was executed in the oily of
Edtla'lwurgb tm 177.0. • ,Upon, the( pre -
Meath of b iybng he would visit the
teat's df buying ha would visit the
(looks in the vola of Tweed, acoompanl-
ed by his Collie Yarrow, and point out
those sheep that he wished him to drive
home. Then he would ride off to his
own glen, possing through every ham-
let and calling, at every inn on the
way, Yarrow, concealed on some hill-
side among the heather, would wait for
the darkness to come and hide his evil
deeds from the light of the sun ; then
he would select every sheep that his
I master had poii,ntcd onto to him and
,derive them rapidly by unfrequented
, paths over mountain and moor to his
own dark glen, beforethe weather
gleam of the enetero, bills began to be
tinged with the brightening dawn.
There the "birn" was canceled by the
letter 0 in an enclosure in the hollow
of a hill Yarrow keeping faithufl
guard outside, and never failing to
notify his master of aha approach of
strangers,
A SELFISH MAN.
Neighbor --I hoar your husband has
had his lite insured fora large amount,
Mira, Soureace—Ho has" has los 4 lust
like hien. Gone off and insured him-
self for a fortune, and he hasn't in -
mired me for a penny,
COMM
T.
E
Graduate
Toren,
. FOX'S
his valcab
EXE
Farm
ru tin
?ureuanl
the lett cell
donned, 11
Finlay etc
ROYAL H
LTHTLL, Jr
Monday
at 3 o'oloot
valuable p
parcel Con*
of the Tow:
Huron, co
which aro
meadow.
hank ba0n,
ninth, a go
state of r
4tnble, T
and a good
well water
soil is a cla
good rail f
oonaiste of
said Town'
iuge on the
cleared tui
partially
and is wet
Parcel No.
Woet Half
8rd 0011089E
containing
and the b
buildings o
loam, and
These v
situated fo
taut from 1
miles, and
The aboi
ly and will
At the sa
offered for
cow,1 top
TsBtceo:
chase mon
tame withi
Haulers au,
on the Clay
tlou to the
Dated at
O. VOILA]
New
Books—
Coming-
Glove fc
A snow
1200 mo
Execute
Pigs for
Ethel 01
Annual
Diesel at
Gerry.
The Poe
Jae,. Mit
wood.
It is run
the tapie,
Daniel E
wire of Ma
Jas. Mit
with Geo.
Bev. R.
diet chute
Wm, an
were visiti
day.
Mrs. R
property h
J. Stewart
W. J. i
shoemaker
on the lett
We are
daughter a
ously' ill
better.
We woe
9th oon. y"
day night
morning ?
Geo. Fe
mer mead
years have
• moving ba
con We
Mise Lb
taken a po
J'laoe and
aloe ago.
with her a
inhernee
J no. IIs
out in the
denode he
his list
oott, 14111
line, Mor
Hamilton
Elliot); G
with the p
Work rem
permit.