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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1898-6-24, Page 6THE BRUSSELS POST, E WANT GOOD OA S." By A. W. Campbell, C. E., Road Commissioner of Ontario. The Great Need of This Country is Good Roads—l-low to Build Them Economically Explained by an Expert—Useful Hints and Diagrams to the Road Builders of this Country. (Cot tinued from rage 3,) ' BROKEN STONE. There are totalities la Canada Nshera good gravel is not obtainable, but i,vbere stone oan be had, either as bed rook or aa field boulders. Some town- ehips have used stone broken by band but a stone crusher, with it, eerees ate taohmeat affords a meth cheaper method, The stone should be separated into grades according to size, the coarser stone to be placed in bottom of the road, and the finer at; Lhe Lop, This grading of the stone is done by mann a the screen attacbanee.t. If the stones are plena in the road without befog graded in this manner, the small or stoetes wear more rapidly than the larger and a rough surface results Large stones at the sureace, =reeve: are more apt tq become 100Ses, to roll under the horses' feet or the wheels. For a, country rocia there should be placed in the roadbed, 1st, 11 layer of stones such SS will pass through a 21-2 inch ring; 2nd. on tbis a layer of stones such as will pass through a one inch ring; 3rd, on this a costing of screen- ings—that is, the dust and chips creat- ed in crushing. Care must be taken in choosing the stone to be used. Some linzestones make good metal; but limestone a a slaty nature, or limestones wbich de- cay rapidly on exposure to the air should. be rejected. Sandstones are brittle and do not unite well in the reed. Granites, which are found in many parts a Canada, make good road metal. Trap rock is the best; obtain- able. Gneiss is very frequently a good rock The latter with other hardstottes, are frequently found as boulders scattered over the southern parts of Canada. In using field bould- ers, care must be taken to reject such stones as are evidently softened by ex- Posure. Rocks which crumble readily under successive blows of a hammer; or which show iron stains when brok- en. shoal& be discarded, A little ex- perience will quickly teach a. judicious roadraan to deteot boulder stone which is unfit for road purposes. There must be sufficient body of broken stone to consolidate into a com- pact layer. A sprinkling of stones over the surface Is useless. It merely impedes travel on whet migbt other - eels» be a, gooct dirt road. Six inches of broken stone is the least which sheuld be used in making a durable roadwaaefor any purpose; and it should be the aim a councils to thicken this covering as circumstances eiLl per- mit, PLICLNG THE ROA.D MET.);!,. To know how gravet or storey mould be pbceci oa the road, it Ls necessary to ham a knowledge of why it is place ed ten the road, This is a matter to which very few ok our roadinakers have given slightest attention, anti eery few could give an imelligent answer to the question. 'Ihe popular idea is that the stone makes a sort of carpet Inc a wbile; in a short time It. will Le forced down into the soil to form a bottom; on this more gravel or $1011d will have to be pieced; and that this process wile have to be continued bele- finitely trait a good road is made. There is even a very general Lellef thre it is not necessary to dada a road; but that the only means of ac- complishing the desired end is to pile 013 gravel year after year; and that water, melees it actually floods 13'.er the top of the road, has little to do: with the matter; and. that so long as the actual surface of the road. dos not i get wet it does not matter how boggy it may be underneath. In the intelligent construction ef a, reed, the iatention of the gravel or! 51446 coating is to form a wearing surface anti proLect the soil under- neath. 01 course, gravel and broken steno cannot as a matter of feet, be entirely of these matelials does pre -1 rely impervious; but so far as the vet the water passing through to the; sub -soil, it fulfills the greate.st porl Lion of its mission. To accomplish this to the greatest poseiele extent there are severee points; which it is necessary to pay attention; to, 1st, the road must be crowned eel rounded up in the centre; 2nd, the me -I terial must be as compact and as solid' as possible; 3rd, the surface of the roa,d rauat be smooth. CROWNING. By having the recut orowned or rounded up in the centre, water is at 0/300 thrown to the sides where it can becarried away in the drains. If the road is flat on the top, or it hollow, as many roads al Canada are, water stands on this road, soaks down through the road covering, and softene the soli beneath. Tlaen the trouble. begins., There is nothing to support the : gravel, so that when a loaded Nehi- ; cle passes over it, the wheels are forced, dowa through the gravel and into the; soil. The soil is plowed up, mixed; with (he gravel .and the serviceability of the road is largely destroyed. j The means of providing a propel 01'01111 raust depend on circumstances, For an average country road on which me grading machine is used the best, metho,1 will be to firs); round up the; natural soll giving it a less crown, than it is intended the finished retell shall have, This cempleted, pass the: grader over one side of Lhe centre.: cutting off the top and turning the loosened dirt to the side; then Pees the gender back along the othem stcle, turning the loosenee dIrt to the side. This will leave a flet sureace in the centre et the rot/Away, along each side of which is a shoulder of loose eartle.! forte/Beg 3 shallow treacle Tn Lhk the gravel should be plamid, spread with' a rounded eurface and the loose dirb! at the sides levelled off to conform to t the thape Of the roaaway. Old gravel male are Commonly flat, in ridges. vvith Kean shouldnes at the edge of the ditches, le ibis ease, the latter pte a is to Out orf these shoulders throwielg the loosened earth outward. The ditches are Usually very wide tied flat, tire 'road having bee te graded by drawing the earth oub of the ditohee with a. scraper; so that these shone. dere thus turned outward merely -wid- en the graded roadway without inter- fering with the drain. ff, however, these ditches ere sbarp and deep, the loosened earth may drop down so as to oLstruot the water in which case Lf. will have SO 13 thrown across the dram to the roadside by hand—a pro- ceeding seldom necessary. Usually a sufficieet depth of grave el will be founct upon these roads, re- quiring only thee the centre should be raised by cutting off the sides. After this is done as above described, a light coating of clean gravel to fill the ruts and depressiens and restore the crown will frequently make an excellent road. CONSOLIDATING TEE MA.TERIAL. The roed covering should be soled and compact In order to shed the wat- er. Under present methods, the grav- el or stone is dumped in the °mitre of the rocul and left as it falls, a mound of loose material, avoided by the users of the road until late in the fall when the muddy and rutted state or the side oC the reed compels them to drive along this mound. Gradually it is flattened down end, after a year or so, during which time It has been mixed. largely with the soil beneath, it assuto.es the shape of a road. The utility of roads made in this way Is largely wasted. Roads must, be made Lor traffic, not by it. ThEs loose stuff absorbs the rain as it falls even beeore it is cut into ridges by Wheels and the feet of horses. When it has been cut into ridges it acts as a receptacle to hold all the moisture its surface will reeeive. In this way the whole surface and foundation of the met is softened., is readily cut up and destroyed. The beat remedy Inc this waste in roadmaking, is to spread the road met- al to conforni to the required surface of the finished road, and then thor- oughly consolidate it by the use of 04 heavy roller. ft Ma be largely reme died also by taking proper care of the road. if a roller cannot be had. By raking the loose material into the ruts and %%heel tracks as fast as they appear, nearly the same end will be accomplish- ed hut less perfectly, and requiring a, longer time, The first vehicle passing over the road doe,s comparatively little injury t it is when ruts heve been form- ed which hold water, and other wheels fellow in these tracks, that the great- est damage is time. A SMOOTH SURFACE. It is evident that a smooth surface is essentiee to a good. road. A rough steamy is necessarily such as will iin- pe:le the flow of water. Ruts run- ning lengthways with the read form trenehes to cut off the flow of water from the centre to the drains. To AN EASILY MADE STONE CULVERT, —C'ross-seetion, such roads rain •is always an injury, With roads properly built. on the con- ertry. a good dash of rain will flush away the dust which has accumulated; and whieh if it remains on the road in time of steady rain and slush, acts as sponge to absorb moisture and soften the surflee ef the road. KEEP THN aoAD DRY. Keep the roi.ds dry, and with very lit- tle attentien they will reniain good. roads. A. little moieture does com- paratively little injury. Against S011111 neeist ore it is impossible to guard. But with proper precautions, the eXCe88 moisture cen be removed betore great damege is done. The menns to be tak- en eitb regarcl to the actual surface of the reed have already been mee- t:meted. upon. THE OPEN DRAIN. The open drains at lite sides of 213 road should be euffietently deep to hold water in limes ot freshets. and should. Rive a sufficient fall to carry it quickly twee-. The fall should be uniform. not a S.P.11.021 of rises and falls, knolls and holes. Most, important of all, in view of the neglect whith it receives, the gul- let must be ample, and always free from. olatruetion. IL Si useless to dig a drain without providing an outlet for the writer, a thing very commonly done. The water merely stands in the treneh, soake into and softens the road- bed. Unless a drain carries the water /may, it ix useless. FOUNDATION. The importance of keeping the road- bed dry, cannot be too thoroughly im- pressed. Clay 10 leave beds, when ere; will suppore from 4 to 0 tons per Bemire foot, of surface, according 10 the quality or the clay. rr only moder- ately dry it will support only trona 2 to 4 1.013S per squere foot oe surfece If the clay ts wet acid soft it: will yield to almost any load. Grevel, if well eompuoted, forms ti much strum:ter roadbed, is less yield- ing to the action of moisture end for this reason, even for it thin surface coating, strengthens the toed some- what. But the real strength Oe the road must lie in the eullsoil. Vegetable input& Mut alluvial stele aim weak, 13,' - Ing mustaining power of ewe eta, half Lo one toe per squere toot; end for thief reason it is well to remove such soils, Referring, if poseible, itgreeee day or mind tot/mint:ion. IiNDEDDRAINING. In order )o koep the roadbed dry, and eecure a strong foundetion, it is fro- tleently advisable to use tile under- drelba. Owing' to the weakening effeet Of water on clay, also to the retentive natere of slay, that soil is tieually 13108t ID. need of melordrainage. In eneel and sand, water is not ordinarily so tte" etructive unless /then aoted upon by frost; et the same time, these latter soils usua 1 1 y provide better net urn 1 underdrainage. as they are more pow, ous, and artifirial moms of underdrain- age are usually teal necessary. lenderdrainage may Ile hail by means of common field tile, it is um/idly best to playa two such drains>, one 011 each side of the roadway underneath the open drains. One tile drain Placed underneath ehe centre of the roadbed Is sometimes used. The extra cost a two drains is largely reamed, bowever, by the lesser vest of excavation, eince, on the majority of road allowances, deep open draius now exist, aro,' the soil is softer an,t more cheaply handlect then that itt the hardened centre or the road. it is very unwise to exeavate ana soft- en the hardened centre of the road when It can he avoided, as settlement Is rare slow. At the same time, two dream are more effective, earrying away water more rapidly and thor- oughly ; they intercept the soakage we - tee from the adjoining land before It passes under the roadbed. Ally thoughtful farmer who knows the effect ne underdraining in his fields will at one° recognize its usefulness in road -making, In the fall, water will be rapidly removed froni the bed of the road and the destructive action of frost lessened. In the spring, the frost will come out of the ground more quickly, ane each of those periods in eall and spring are shortened, when, with the foimilation and surface thoroughly sat- urated, the roads are not male injured by traffic more than in all the impass- able on account of the mud, but are remaining nine or ten months of the year. One year's statute labor with the annual appropriation, spene In Pro- viding proper drains for the roads of the province would do more than min be done in five years with the present method of merely filling- the holes which appear, with gravel or crushed stone. tenderdraining and grading Amnia be carried on simultaneously. Unless drained, the traffie during the ensiling As soon as such roads dry ute ellowing signs of 1 Wing fairly serviceeble, le is the duty of oath pathmaster to turn ei,la,s istoxatee'riirit otpelosoloanwtilirt tete labor at hie illepesal, plow up the instialonsnr of eitxremsitato d11w illannti»311110.101etiAtl'egirtig Uiiar 81.21.1.11T• r1S) bt-1111014 rottbtl teinalii"tilitilTevudrualptilet so that awl/ seraper full will stancl out separately and alone, making the road surface as rough and impassable cia pOSSibi0. Whenever suet/ earth is brought front the side of the grade it atMears to 5, unwritten law that it shalt he done by gouging with the seraper so as to leave depreesions and Porerks, which will hold water. Where a road has heen gravelled, but in the spring hecomee rutted, with an ocea- f''okruiraelpadeiii!Zeirin7PeeTs61:'.ohltga atnhel°Px05111108Y0 of our roma/rakers to WI op the ruts with the comment gravel obtainable. Wherever Lhere Ls a slight depression they clump a load of gravel large en- ough to form a moune. Should them/ repairs force the traffic to the 01.1014 of the road, the work es considered coin- plete, except that it may bethought a further necessity to lay rails, logs, slumps, eta, crosswise on the sides of the roadway, obliging the travel to fol- low the centre or take another road. It is absolutely essential to t.be main- tenance of a good and economical sys- tem of roads that provision be made by the township for their repair as 13110/1 as signs of wear appear. However ex- travagent le way appear at first. sight, to recommenii thee a man be rot/scant- ly employedto go over such a mileage of roads as he can attend to, devoting his whole time to the work, there can be no doubt that it would in the eud he the most econotaieal plan. It is the sa.ree system pursued by railways in the rare of their roadbed, and:railway oortemarimho alMentsidase. ted. notor their econ- omA man constantly employed in this way could fill tre ruts and wheel tracks as soon as they appear, before water has been permitted to stand in them to assist: in deepening them. A decay- ed plank would be removed from the culvert or bridge before an accident 1's%aaskernallitseigdoftlitehree ig-idgnanda bLehthisreirotinhat A GOOD ROAD COVE R INC .—Cross -sec time The largest stones in the hettora and the smallest at the surface, free from sand and clay; and thoroughly rolled, autumn and spring will usually leave a graded road as shapeless and rough, as a pioneer wagon track can be. It drained, there will be a foundation for the gravel or crushed stone to ease on when applied. A porous soil, like a sponge, retains in its texture, by attraction, a certain amount of water. Wilke water in ex- cess of this is added, it sinks to the first impenetrable strata, and from there it rises higher and higher until it finds a lateral outlet; just as wa- ter poured into tt (AU will rise high- er and higher, until ie finds an outlet in the side of the pail, or until it flows over the top, Underdraining supplies the neoessary outlet for this eecess moisture at ti proper depth from the surface; it " lowers the water line." With plastic clays the process is sliglitly different. Clay will absorb nearly one-balf its bulk and weight of water. In drying, it shrinks and is torn in different directions. The fis- sures thus commenced by a tile drain becenne new drains to lead water to the tile, and so the process of contracting and cracking continues until a net work of fissures Is produced, and the stiffest clay is thereby drained. THE EFFECT OF FROST. The Injury clone to roads by Rost is caused entirely by the presence of wa- ter. Water expands on freezing, aud the more there is under a road, and above frost line, the greater is the in- jury. Tee freezing, water expands. The particles of soil in immediate contaet with the water are first compacted. When room for expansien CORSE2S within the body of the soil ibselC, the surface is upheaved, ,When thawing takes place the seb-soll will be found boney- rombed, ready to settle and sink be- neath traffic. It la therefore of the utmost importance that the soll should be relieved of the water of saturation as quIckly as possthle by underthatta age. The Impassable condition of most roads in C01.111(la during the spring, of- ten axle deep with mud, iS to be at- tributed very largely to a wet sub -soil which hail been honey -combed, by frost. MAINTENANCE. It is not merely necessary to make the reedit good; they must be kept good. It is not sufficient to provide ((mine; care must be exercised to keep the drains open and free fame obstructions. It is not enough to merely place the gravel or broken stone oo the road as it ougbt to be placed; care must be taken to see that the oovering is kept in place. lt is not. sufficient to build oulverts; it is further necessary that the culverts be kept in order. It; is folly to build roads properly If they are afterwards neglected and allowed to remain out of repair. Every former knows that if the repairs et Me barns, his outhouses, and his fences were neg- leveed as in the repair of the roads, a, great personal loss would result. Probably one nt the greatest defects of the present velem of road Ben is that the roads are nob teraired when the need of reinter arse 11.3.180S. UnieSS in a very dangerous slate, work Is done on the roads only 00036 a year at the time al perfoeming statute lith - or; ruts, hollows abcl other defects ere pertnitteet to retnain without attention end when these defects commenne, they increase with great rapidity. Culverts are permitted to fall to pieces for want of repair at the proper time. Dretris become olatraided, and the roadway ie allowed to be flooded field saturated for want of a little timely attention. Repeirs ere elude once a year and that at a 500.0031 When tenet regutred, leaving a tentleney lo destroy the use- fulness of tbe reed a,t the only time when our roads can be called 001.'0.06' Ode. Wben the weather Ls dry for sev- eral menthe in setnmer the ordinery clay road baked by the min, Le lope 18 proper ehape, Is an excellent roadevay ; but our novel eystern—na if to check- mate Providenee—peovides otherwise. had caused other portions to be de- stroyed. An obstructed draM would be opened before injury resulted to the roadway, Loose stones would be re- moved frem the road where they are roiling tinder the wheels and the feet of horses. Loose gravel and stone would he kept raked into place until it had become consolidated. By these and many other simple means the roads would be at all times kept in a more serviceable condition; and of greater importance, repairs would be made in time to save the road from injury which could not be re/nedied; and in time to seve much labor and expense in making possible repeirs. Some municipalities have adopted the plan of employing a foreman and. a couple of laborers to devote their whole time to the roads of a distrait or town- ship, and in sueb cases, a grader and other road machinery is employed. Whatever the details of the system, the prineiple should be the same through- out, that wear must be repaired as soon as signs of it appear, 12 eeonoray and good servive is to be had. .ROAD GRADERS. A road grader is one 00 the most ne- cessary implements for a township to possess. To depend upon manual lab- or for the first grading of roads, and the repair of others that require re- shaping is a useless waste of Reverend money. Improved road machinery is as great a eaving in roadmeking as is the self tender or the steam thresher In farming operations. To neglect to use a road grader is as 1111.1riSS as it would be to return to the old time cradle end flail. It every eatepayer took the same persotial interest in the roads that he does in his farm, no muni- cipalities would be without modern ma- ehinery for reed work. The grader in the hands of a Skilful operator will do the work 01 fifty to seventy-five men in grading and. levelling the road- way. A ROAD ROLLER. .A most valuable implement in road construelien is the road roller. On (own streets it is indispensable. To thoroughly coneolielate 1.13 gravel or stone into a smooth, bard layer, before it can be /nixed up with the sub -soil, renders the surface coating more ear - able and serviceable In every way, A steam roller of ten tuns i$ 1.04 expen- sive for the majority of enrol muni- cipalities, but in some instances town- ships could rent from it town in the dietriot, which owes 0130. A horse roll- er of six or eight tone Is less expensive end some munivipalities may see tit to purl:beta, In the construction of broken stone l'OntiS the loose storm con- solidates under traffic:, less readily than anes gravel, and without rolling re- mains for some time very loose and rough. A sToNm CRUSHER. Wherever good gravel cannot be had, where stone for crushing is obtainable, a stone crusher is most useful. Stone can be broken by this means ab e price within the range of every well -popu- lated township, althou,gh a ver,)' clXpsn- sb,'6 work wben perferneed by hand. A erusher min be operatea by the steam engine treed for a. Direst/Mg machine Whicb ean getiewelly be rented, A. crueller wi.1 1 prepare feom 10 to le cords per (by. A rotary screen attached to the crusher will separate the stone into grades aceeeding to size, readly to be placed on the road in layers, the caus- er in the bothom oe the Med. WAGON TIRES. It, would seem as thotegh in aviary. thine the presette Methods in regard to roads in Centula are eantrery to good judgment. Gravel or broken ?done is deemed loosely withotet even spread - Mg, un a badly greeted, Redly drained si'attemurUt;eltitlelss"nieetie"les agrltnir"iTiegir tidtiamial:r°- ellt. When wide tires have unlversalle rephteed the narrew Gres which are now found on farnt wagone, a great part of the road question will be solv- ed. Narrow tires of two and ontehalf inches In width linem only one bait of the bearing on the. road wheel would be provided by Gees of proper width. By referring to the supporting power uf soils discuseed in t be paragraph on "Founder Mns," the erten of this is more apparent. By the USC1 of a six ilea: tire, the rotedwey will support, witheut yielding, twice the toed whieh It meld support with a (120', tire, Narrow tires menet be too strongly condemned, They cut and grind the read, plmv end upheave it. Wide tires on the eontrary, 11111 10 benefit rather than en injury to the road inasnumb as they act as rollers to pre- serve a smooth, hard aureate. fa some localilies wide tires are objeeted to un- der tele argument that they increase the draft required to move the load. This may (weer under certaln occas- ional vonditiens of very wet and soft irioraiteBut 114 es.. 231M 15111 t are el/I-- ., es the inereased draft is duo 11,); used tihis objection will die- appearto the ruts and mud caused by narrow fDIMENSLONS OF ROADS. For the average eountry road, a graded roadway twenty-four feet in width between the inside edges of the open drains, will be ample to at:emetic/- date travel. For the avertige road, te the enema eight feet is metalled with gravel or broken stone, it 1V1ii be see- ficient. 'Ohs depth and width of the open drains will have te be governed by eireamstaneee, Suffieient ea-emity muse: be provided to carry away all saTraee water.- The depth must be dependent also on tee fall oatainable. With tile uuderdrains, deep open ditches are not needed to drain the reed foundation. The use of tile does away with the deep and cLengerous open diethes width may otherwise be necessery. The crown of the road should. be such as te give a fall of one inch to the fnot from centre to the edge of the ditch. HILLS. Hills are among the difficutt perlions of the road to construot, and are a constant source of expense fur repairs, The reason a this usually, is, that the drainage is imperfect. Water is brought long distanoes in open drains be the roadside, and poured over the hills, frequently to flood. ever the whole ' surface. It is not uncommon to find; the eentre of the road. over the hill lower ellen the open denims at its side— if there are draine at ell, The natural ; result is treat washouts are eonstantly oecurring. For conditions of this kincl! the simple remedy is to dispose of the 1 water before it reaches the hill, by eon.- I veying it through the adjoining fields if necessary. The probability is that , the greater amount: a water has been carried in deep ditches past water- course after watercourse in order to dispose of it ever the hill; thereby; aroiding the necessiey of constructing drains through farm land in the natur- al watercourses, ahe see rat et success - all drainage with respect to roads, is to dispose of water in small quantities before it can gain foece and headway. Another Neuman occurrence is to find water oozing from the surface of the road on hale. This is especially no- tiemabte after the frost leaves tbese spots. Tbe surface is soft anla spongy anti is cat reuellly by Wheels. Sugh: hills should be dreined by placing a. line oe tile down each side a the road- way bebween the gutter and the grav- el carrying these underdrains to proper outlets. Cross drains should be laid in the net spot leadtng to the side under - drains in a diagonal CP13.1.90. Well con- caved gutters should be made on each side of tele rottclway anti at regular intervals catch tastes should be placed to aerese the flow of wittier in these gutters leading it into the tile under- deains. The roadway on a hill should be well erowned. This will draw the water quickly to the drains at: the side of the road, instead of permitting it to follow the wheel tracks, deepening Own to rues, To Be Continued, BRIGANDS IN Brigandage still flourishes in It- aly. As Signor Rornaninelacur, a well- known Deputy, and a dozen other men were going toward Gressette the oth- er day for the ',expose of inspecting le newly constructed aqu.ectuet they suddenly at 11 /011 11. dressed like a huntsman, who levelled his rifle al: them and ordered them to halt, They obeyed, whereupon the briguect COM-. molded. them to empty thee/ pockets. Strange to gay, not one or them made the least resiseance, end as a emelt the brigand obtained a few thou.sand erance, Deputy Romania -lame% invol- untary Contribution being five bank notes el 1002. each. Having secueed this boob' the feariese robber disap- peared and no trace of hie/ has same been found, On the following dey a wealthy landed proprietor was slab- bed and robbed by 10 brigand within a few miles of Rome, bat fortunately the police were near al: bend, anti they arrested the miscreant before lee (weld escape, As ethis victine is said to be mortally wounded, the chances are that the criminal's Mewl- is practically ended, e---. DEAF AND DUMB CORPS, A deer and duenb corpe of the , Sa1- l:gab/1i Army has been organized in eitockhalin, Sweden, The members meet tour eitnes 11 week, ana le le quite interesting to watch ehe movements of the lingers When .031 interesting theme is being discussed. GOOD OUT OV EVTU, Patient—t'm afraid 1 am poisotted, dealer, I ate what f seaPased 1S'sV0 mushrooms at a table-d'hote dinner. Doetor—Dia you drink the Winn that Wee served with it Pat tent—Yes, Doceor—Then you?1.1. be all right. The two poisons witt act as antidotes to eerie other, TWO RONAN BRIGAND TALES, 1.2/0 VI.21 Os 01"r1V014 tei, siiieneee or 513004. to hi. lirignmiS Rive begun to appear again 'lout (It:: tlei,1):Iutentuy 10 n.211:11111:45 511411.12158 out side el y 'Ws] 111e boom 11 /r 0001313021, A ruilng` 1, bcIdOli', Weil IS11015'11 1 12 Soviet y at Rome, 11145 been the vie- tha or en emberessing adventure in tensequenee, She went for a deyei out Mg lo aveompa need by a [rel- ianb cavalry inter, who had been Naming her, and stayed MU lets that elle lost the last kale Intel: te lionte. After hunting around for Rome time her companion etureetleit in finding an old-rashloned posteehales and 11 1.1111.11 to drive, They started bite al. night, hat after a few tellies were stopped on the )ii ge.tilitrIn;LaY, frrsebi ivulatotne;es‘'.. I 17n [014'1:n11 tat tniadtee(-1 ly 1 'i augered the te-11gteerattlusci,kiiin0reveastr 5115,' 01'- eepoweeing hine, they stripped the two travellers of every scrap of teething anti Put them in the eletise and order- ed them to delve on. They reached the ally gales after 1 o'cloeir at night, ana Lbere were inspeeted by the Cue - Lures House officerte who, aftor mak- ing Kart, thee they were euncealing no- el/ lug cent reliant! on t heir pe mons, kindly provided them milli a few in- disPeusuble garments, Gossips got hold 01 11)- story, and now the intimacy It 'dew is lumen in Rome ea the "Ven - 11,8 of Trivoll." A different story mines from Gros- seto, iu the swampy lands near HIS eea, on the railroad bet ween Rome and legbor, Grosseto lute)), had water- works and an aqueduct nonstructed, .bat differeneee aroae between the town authorities and the cant rectors aa to the quality id the work, and a ram - mission WKS appointed to settle the difficulty, e 11 Signor Romig/in, Depu- tRyminnanilanr.lila,itnicitInt, its C'hairman. Sigeor the other commission- ers, and some lahorers, the party cou- stet mg a thirteen perSOIIS, set cad one fine morning to inspeet the agned.uct. Tbey lied entered a path six feet wide, running between I hit aqueduct and the River On/In-one, ellen they noticed 21, pewits man with it double-barrelled gun some dist awe ithead, When they got near him he brought the gun uP to his shculder tied cluieely asked them to gel tnget her 1,e00 lire at mere or he would fire. The einntniesion nearly tumbled over [milkweed, but, its tio one showed any inclination to fight and the Lath was too narrow for fight, di- plomacy 11115 into play and en offer of 100 lire wee netde. The bri- gand, however, treated the offer with scorn. "You are very fine gentle- raen," -Raid be to Ilomenin, "one of the &Males 12,110 steel millions. Fork ote what you have Mena you, other- wise I won'b give you time to Sfty 131111. Mary. The tiepin Mai 111.1Silis poured out the contents of .hie poeket- book on the path, end WILS allowed to go to the rear. One cen-anissioner utter enot her was then called oat to do the seine, hat the laborers were spared. Tbe party then withdrew a few hundred yards back, und, turning around, saw 21)4' robber striate oat their pocketbooke and take the trioney. "Nob even 1,000 lire (e200) in the whole peek, barely 730. r am ashamed to have hacl duct hing to do with your' he shouted at there, turned his lerek on them, and some disappeared in the swamp thiek- ets, The commission then went bank, picked up its empt isib pockethooks, and relarned to Grosseto, refusing to con- tinue the inspection of any more of that aqueduct, MESSAGES OF TRIUMPH. USW Famolni SOWN Mild GCS11141 IS 111111'e Alnlosnee111 TheIr Vi4'1er103. Caesar: "Veni vedi, vici" (.1 came, f saw; I conquered.) Sobieski: "I came; I saw; God con- quered," Turenne announcing the victory of Dunen over the Steinbeds; "The en- emy came; was beaten; 1 atn t)red; good night." Gen, Suwarrow, to Catherine of Rus- sia: "Harrell I Prague. Suwarrow," Catherine to Sawa teeny : ".13 ravo, Fie Id Marshal, Catherine." In these terms Suwarrow received hie promotion, Sir Charles Napier, after Hyderabatb and the capture oe &lade: 'Pommel, I have &hide." tn the dawn or 1130 day wbieb was to see Lhe leittle of Meanee, Ile said: "If I survive I shall soon be with those 1 love; LC I fell I shall soon be with theft 1 have loved." Gen, leesaix to Ntepoleon at Maren- go: "The battle is lost, but there is time to mein another," Henry IV. of France, et, Ivry, 15231): "11 the nage fail you. rally Lo cuy whiLe ethane. You shall always find it in the paths of honor and vietory." Lewrence: "Dmet give up the ship!" elershat Mac:Mahon, after the imp- ture of the IlIttlakoff by the lereneh during the eiege of Sebastopol; "J'y sues; j'y reale." (111111 here. I remain here) Sebaselani, after the inassitere td the Poles In el'arsaw during the lusurree- tion ot 1830 "Ordee reigns in /Ater - 51103." Sere are some other pithy short, say- ings eboat wer thee al% appropriate at present. Der/inset/maim t "A. man t ha t rues away may fight again," (Demote heave had been charged with cowardiee bit throwing away his shield at the bat- tle of Cleavonea, 338 B, te.) Marshal Saxe: "We are like cloaks —one thinks of as only when it rains," (Said of tho solcIter after peace was declared.) Alexatuler the Great to Ins climate, ied soldiers: "Go home and leave Al- exander to conquer tbe world alone," Wellington: "A great country ten have no such thing as a little war." Marothal Ney: "Glory is not to be divided." Marsbal tannest "No otie bat a. poitroon will boast thee lie /Meet knew Mar," ertTNE 24, 1R98 PRILIPPiNES' IMPORTANCE, 11444110W 5451. no Eyv fti tho 1,1)13 Mole, OW% 5444 Oreopy 2444. The Sp:knish 11/1, tIO Philippines n very frail thing., end it would, noe take emelt ID 1151)415 11 Ic ruin, ssys 113 1>11.11 Mali Garotte, A [though the Spat, - lards have held the archipelago Hiner/ the end of the 31elee/1111 century, when 12, MIS 11115111 1.15051 Mill 111111 1.0314 Of 1115 POS2 1141.3e80 11011140118. ib,143' 21IVE; 1101S- 01. flOSSOSSeti. .0 10 IT 114» ills Mere fringei -.1119 14/301.8 of the great Islands WW1 0. few pets among the smaller, Till the other clay the tenamercial inteeests of Spelt/ were almost. nu, T11511 she be- gan to impost proLeetive. duties 111 or- /ler to drew ell the beide int e her own Janette but the bulk of ib still belongs to Engle/id and Germany. 'rho native population, largely of efillay blood, is independent, Around the Spaniel/ meta tlements and on the vest estatee be- jonging to various religious faders there is a heir -breed population of Spanifeh turd Malay and or Chinese and elalay of the brenele oe the rare ealled 'regale, The last made the rebellion, It 111i they have opparently been encour- aged by the outbreak of the war with the Veiled States to begin again. New we have only to look at that position to eee that if elle power of 'Spain 111 de- stroyed another apple of (teamed will be rolled on the table in the, fee east. '1'0 suppose that the Tagalos—a unwarlike race who are hated and dee- pesed by other tribee, ana who are (D- eifie,1 ia sympathies between the Span- ish and Chinese slrainic entente them- selves—could establish a stable govern - relent 13 the Philippines, is an absurd- ity. The expulsion of the Speniards woeld throw the archipelitgo open to the enterprise of all lbs ienvers who are 110111' letiey with spheres of influ- ence end spheres of interest, in China. Amerietins amen that they not intend to occupy the islands, and they may well be believed, Any suet/ en- terprieit oa their part is highly ini- probable. But if they deetroy whet government there is, they will make it necessary for somelenly else to sup- ply the !me, Ibis in the lest degree unlikely tint candidates ready to undertake the task. will be eventing. America, to begin with, has a very real interest: in the fate of the Wands. They handle 70 per Cent. at the ihmort and 80 tem rent. of the export. Irma. Then cerne the Germans, who have neurly the aliole of what does 1101 110100510 Am/erica. Commerci n I ' interests of other 1110)1(1(55 ere trifling; but it dole> not therefore follow that none of Hemel will len found to look with the eyes of desire on the Philip- pines. There is Japan, with lIs mu- tetion f011n,1 a gl'eR 1; Islan1 empire, whieh would le perfeelly ready 10 Step into the vaeane plare; and no flonbt others coulcl be inclured to try the edventure, 011 SbOri', here is an- other elintlent Og 111.13e0r12, thrown into the for eastern ecrainele, if the rule of Spain dnes indeed eollepse. We scsy willing of the chence that 1 he sight of her evenknees may tempt some one to strike in before tbe. ne11111 eoilignitli is revue. 13 is, in feet, meet prolmble that it will be through Ibis Plelimenee Met the vest of the erorld wet be dragged into the eptinish :Ind Ameel- ran regalia, Every comtneraial motive whet compels Ainericans to be on the filisrt in China is at hand tn force them to keep watch on the Philippines, Anarchy in that region IrOlad give the mailed flee of Germany an admirable excuse for deseeteling on a desirable possession In eastern semi. It is not 80 many years Sill('0 she quarreled with Spain over the Sonloo islands, whtch are Dime to the Philippines, As for the Jepanese, they are. at Formosa already, and have but a step to ineke to Philippines —with. It hat: like] itprnt of Clernian good will eve all kitow. Take It altogether, there is good reason to watch the Phil- ippines. THE FEMININE OBSERVER, 11'0011011 never forgives the man who forgets a protease made to ber. Love la the chief hand of human sym- pathy—riding u wheel le the next. A man 'often goee into mourning foe his wire by dyeing his tethite whiskers bleak. Why is it. MO Centwunien like to give the nattie of their dreesmuker to Lhetr friends? Tee meet exaeperating thing is lo bays it clear off when yon have (tress- ed for a rainy day. Abilene every sentiment regarding women is bound Lo aomo or 111,5), 1.19 in variety the weaker sex especially excels, W111. 1.10S 11 111.1.1eb more emphatic 515- 41) 1)111,111,6 when same really clear ma0. you 150 ,3111 1210 relleS 110117 while the 1:an.1 Maya, " The Girl I Left lichine id,'," The glee who apparently plays tire- less games or golf, tennis, etc., and ridee eenturies on her chainless wheel ean never without ewful tatigne even dusb het own room. GOLF'S ADVANTAGES. Golf 18 surb am expeneive game thee I really oita't efford. 10 plity, eighed Mrs. Quiveerul. That's where you make a great 151114- 111158, Said Mrs. Bowser, 1 Wive found it; a great eimnotny. I done: have to keep a naree eny 010, SS tho children are always on the links with trie e we den't have any more dector'e bills; and besides all that, t do.a't have te buy, 11.11y more expensive delieacies to tempt my Itueleavies appetite, Ile hulks so mach about his game ut dinner that he ctoesn't know whae he is eating. *1.4 POLITIC, Mr, Welker Dane—Mather, 11'0.',0 gob to hire a nurse girt to take therge of this howling Meant of nights. Mrs. Walker Deny—Brit think af t he expenee I Mr, Walker Daggy-aTiang the ex- pense1 len in for peace at any urinal RUbber tiree no a earriage add i.11'611- ty-tiVe per cont. to the it/nubility °filet/ vehiele, and deerenee the nest: Of eepaire filey por coat,