HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1905-2-23, Page 6BLESSEDNESS OF INE HRD WAY
Difficulties Are Opportunities Inviting Us
to Master Them
Endure hardness as a good soldier
of Jesus Christ.—IL Timothy, ii., 3.
In our severe experiences life is no
less kind than in our gentle ones. It
Is hardness endured that makes men.
.[t is difficulty overcome that
achieves success. Only by the help
of resistance can man create. Tne
hammer can beat iron into useful
forms because of the enduring hard-
nese with which the iron opposes the
hammer. Only by the friction of the
rails can a train out the air like a
colossal arrow.
The resistance of the soil as much
helps the flower climb into its blos-
som as the tender uplift of the sun.
The clouds opposing light make sun-
sets, In tho opposition of the strings
to the bow music is born. Bow and
string make a cross out of whose
pain comes the mercy of music.
The great things of art aro not the
happy inspirations of idleness. The
ache of difficult toil beautifies there
in the Madonna's face. Beauty is
the glorification of drudgery. By
two currents in opposition the elec-
tric light shines. No man can loaf
into an achievement. Clay cannot
marshal itself into ceramic beauty.
It strives into beauty by the hard
way of the potter's whirring wheel
and repressing hand. It is
FIXED IN BEAUTY BY FIRE.
Difficulties aro opportunities invit-
ing us to master them. They are
the necessary friction by wlhich we
speed to our goal. The hardness of
marble makes it worth while to cut
beauty into its faithful keeping.
Every, great career has been cut
into the resisting marble of difficul-
ties. When we learn this truth dis-
couragement is dethroned. Courage
takes the sceptre and creates a king-
dom. There is no more energy given
to complaininge, no more time wast-
ed in wishing for easier tasks. Every
opposition is an invitation to hero-
ism. -What opposes is our workfel-
low. The hardness we mast endure
is our friend.
This truth holds the ways of being
es well as the ways of doing. It has
to do with goodness as well as with
goods. It is the greatness of charac-
ter as well as of career. Out of
rocks and fire the gold comes—the
gold of goodness as the gold of com-
merce, Temptations are calls to vic-
tory. Count it joy when you hoar
them, for you can compel them to
yield you the grace of a noble
strength. As from the mud of the
pond the water lily wins beauty 'be-
cause its heart is pure, so you can
win from temptations the beauty of
holiness.
An oyster overcomes an irritation
and becomes immortal in the pearl's
beauty. Many a man bas compelled
the distressing things of life to yield
him
A BEAUTY OP C'IIARACTER
beyond the price of pearls. What
Jesus endured helps tell His boauty
to the centuries. What martyrs
have suffered makes the clouds on
which their glory shines across the
years. Therefore think out confident-
ly the kind of man you want to be.
e'ix firmly in your mind the ideal to
which you aspire. Nothing can pre-
vent you from becoming the things
you yearn to be. Each opposition
in reality reaches forth a helping
hand. Co-operate with it and you
win a beautiful nature, a noble
career, a Christlika character. It fished by the Neuchatel Geographi-
but gives the necessary friction by cal Society of Switzerland, shows
which you more forward into many details that have been seen 013
achievement.
Words omitted by the best manu-
scripts,
12. Fragments that remain ("bro-
ken pieces which remain over•")—Un-
distribuied p0h•tions remaining in the
hands of the Master and of the dis-
ciples, not crumbs and pieces left by
those who had eaten.
18. Baskets (kophinou5)—Small
tvicicer Unslfets in which travelers
carried food and other things need-
ful on a journey.
14. 'That prophet—"Like unto
Moses" ,(Doul. 18, 14-19); commonly
understood by She people in Christ's
time to refer to the promised Mes-
siah.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Canadian Roeldes Not So Sigh as
Was Thought.
In no part of the world excepting
Alaska has there been more rapid
progress in geographical exploration
in the past few years than in British
Columbia. The latest facts concern
a number of new passes through the
Rocky Mountains.
Some readers may be surprised
that there should be anything left
in British Columbia to discover. The
fact is that the Government surveys
are yet far from covering the larger
part of that big region. The fine
geographical work that a mission-
ary has recently been doing shows
that there are still opportunities for
discovery in this part of the 1'tomin-
1013,
Father Morice, whose mission sta-
tion is on the shores of Lake Stuart
nearly ih the centro of the Province,
has been travelling many hundreds
of utiles in a canoe, Wrapping all the
streams, lakes, mountains and val-
leys in the upper basin of the Net-
chalcholt River. A fine map of his
discoveries which has just been pub -
Every Hardness endured makes the
marble of character in which only
the beauty of holiness outlasts the
centuries, Heaven is above to be
teached, but the opposing heights
will help you cliltrb. The crown of
sainthood is weaving for you in
every hardness endured, if the spirit
of Christ dwell within you, if fol-
lowing His banner you march.
It is a crown of thorns which
Christ wears as .the king of the
world, What you suffer will crown
you, if you make yourself worth the
crowning.;
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
INTERNATIONAL LESSON,
FEB` 26.
Lesson IX. "The Miracle of Loaves
and Fishes. Golden Text
John 6, 51.
TJ31!, LESSON WORD STUDIES.
Intervening Events.—Trio healing o!
'the impotent man at Bethesda (see
preceding lesson) led to a, public dis-
course by Jesus in defense of his hav-
ing performed the miracle on the
Sabbath day. This defense is based
upon the relation of the Son of God
(which title Jesus applies to him-
self, John 5.25) to the Father; which
relation explains the power of the
Son both of communicating spiritual
life and of causing the bodily resur-
rection of the dead. In chapter 6 we
have the record of a twofold sign
(6. 1-25), which again gives rise to
a longer discourse O. 26-59), this
discourse in turn producing opposite
results of dialeeent hearers. Tho mir-
acle in this case is one involving the
sustenance of life, the discourse
which follows, in harmony with the
intended teaching of the miracle, be-
ing on the Son as the support of
life. Flow much of synoptic history
intervenes between the two lessons is
difficult to say, but excellent auth-
orities think all the events recorded
in mark 2.23 to 6.80, Luke 7.1 to
8.56 and parallel passages, together
with the Sermon on the Mount
(Matt. 5 to 7), must be inserted at
this point.
Four Accounts—The feeding of the
five-.ousand is one Of the few events
of our Lord's life recorded
by all four evangelists (comp.
Matt. 14. 18-21, Mark 6,32-44, and
Luke 9. 12-17), and as such is
worthy of special study, Tho par-
allel synoptic accounts should be
carefully compared throughout.
Verso 1, After these things—The
things mentioned in chapter 5. How
long after is difficult to determine.
John's sequence of events, as far as
he records events, is probably cor-
rect, though hie account certainly
contains gaps, his purpose being
quite another from that of writing
a chronological narrative. Compare
Intervening Events above.
Went over ("went away to the
other side")—From the vicinity of
Ciapornaum, on the west side of the
lake, across northeast to the vicin-
ity of Bethsaida Julius (Luke 0, 10)
a little distance back from the shorn
of the lake.
Sea of Galileo—A little more than
sixty miles northeast of Jerusalem,
the atone of our last Lesson.
Which is (the sea) of Tiberias—An
explanation added for the benefit of
readers not familiar with the older
mime Galilee. One of many little in-
dications that the gospel of John
Was written outside of Palestine,
hullers people were More familiar with
the Roman names of places and peo-
ple. 74beyius was emperor of Rome
in the time of our Lord (A.D. 14-
37)' and the sea Medved this natno
his honor.
2. Followed flim—"On foot out, of
the reties," as Matthew explains.
Miracles (signs") which he did—
Not the miracle at Bethesda alone,
but inany others which had inter -
Venal, recorded to Mark 2, 28 to
6, ` 80 and Luke 7, 1 to 8.5e, and
Parallel passages. ]t 3100, oh11 of the
eliiee of Galilee, where these ensiles
hail been tdrougghi., that the multi-
tudes foilowe<l ,7osrgn.
13, Want up into a. ("the'') Inoue-
fain—To he alone With hit cdfec•iplee,
leaving jest reedeed the sad 11ew5 of
John the Baptist's death (Matt. 14,
12, 18),:
4. The passover—Commemorating
the escape of the Jews from the
bondage of Egypt, and more especial-
ly, their escape from the avenging
death -angel who slew the firstborn
of Egypt (comp. Exact. 12. 21-27).
A ("the") feast—More correctly, the
feast, as in the Revision.
5. Unto him better, toward him.
Philip—The apostle and one of the
Twelve; the fourth of those who be-
eame'followers of Jesus, and the first
whom' Jesus directly called (John 1.
48); a fellow townsman of both An-
drew and Peter, all three disciples
having been residents of Bet.hsaida of
Galilee; preached in Asia Minor; and,
according to Polycrates, had several
daughters. Not to be confused with
Philip the Evangelist, one of the
seven deacons chosen by the church
at Jerusalem (Acts 6).
Bread—A plural noun better trans-
lated loaves. Round or oblong cakes
composed of flour mixed with water
and baked; in size about as large as
a plate and as thick as a man's
thumb.
6,. To prove him—To test (1) his
sympathy for this hungry multitude,
some of the disciples having suggest-
ed (Matt. 14, 15) sending tho people
away tided; .(2) his willingness and
his ability to meet an emergency;
(3) his faith in his Master's love
(love for mankind, compassion) and
power. Jesus is teaching his 'discip-
les as well as helping a needy, hun-
gry multitude.
7. Two hundred pennyworth ("shil-
tings' worth")—The donation, (Lat.
denarius) was a silver coin worth
about 16 2-8 cents. Hence the sum
mentioned by Philip was equal to
about 83 1-8 dollars ($3'3.33) in our
money. Ire purchasing power was
doubtless greater.
8. Andrew, Sinton Peter's brother
—At first a disciple of John the
Daptint; one of the first two disciples
who followed Jesus (John 1,
87-40); less prominent in apostolic
history than the brother whom he
had led to C1irIst; a native (r5 llcth-
sa.ida in Galilee. Of his later sphere
of work nothing certain is known.
Tradition reports him to have labor-
ed in Greece, Macedonia, and Asia
Mince', finally suffering martyrdom at
i'atrae, a city of Admin. Peter's
personal character and . history is
better known and need not he sot
teeth hero,
9. Barley Idaves--Anil hence air in-
ferior quality of food. The word for
loaves is the same as that translat-
ed bread in verse 5 above—which
Compare,
Fishes—The Greek word may apply
to meat generally, or to anything
oaten with bread as a relish, as well
as to small fishes so used. The syn-
oplists use ikthues, the usualword
for fishes.
10. Set down—I itoral1v, recline.
This coin rend Would indicate that
more than a, soanty bile or simple
luncheon was to 'be served, Mon 1,?
reined to partake or a meal. The
siinplc obedience of the disciples in
seating so large a company of hun-
gry people before e visible food sup-
ply wee on wand is a remarkable
eonneent.ary on their faith it, .losers.
About five thousand—live. then -
sand mon 'hackles Women etel child-
ren" (Malt. 14, 21), and hence a
total number rarefy twice. 115 large.
11, Given thanks—Eachof : the
other evangelistsrecords his looking
up to heaven and blessing. A fami-
liar
liar formula used in prayer by he
Jews before-eoLing was, "Bleated art
thou Jehovah our God, Ming of the
world, who 'easiest to ttemo forth
bread 4rore the"earth."
To the disciples, tend the dietiphee--•
no previous map. Lake Morice, for
example, which is not found on the
latest atlas sheets of British Colum-
bia, is fifty miles long, and 777 feet
deep. -
The new passes in the Rockies
have been studied by a party of
Grand Trunk Pacific engineers who
have been engaged in the work
about a year. A newspaper has re-
ported that this party has discover-
ed the Spoke River, Porcupine, Red
Deer, Wapiti and Pine River passes,
but this statement is not quite cor-
rect.
All these great passes through the
Rockies to the north of the Canadi-
an Pacific. Railroed have been known
to exist for some time, but the en-
gineers have been the first to study
them in detail, and they now re-
port that they are all available for
railroads, that the gradients on the
east are very gentle and that some
of the passes are wide enough for
double tracks.
The scheme of the Canadian Paci-
fic Railroad was laughed at as im-
practicable until the great gateway
through Kicking Horse Pass was
discovered. It is now known that
further north there aro several other
passes lower than those which the
Canadian Pacificuses and that they
will amply suffice for all of Canada's
railroad needs through the moun-
HOME. r
g7JC ***
DOMESTIC RECIPES.
Pried Cakes,—Put a quart of flour
in a pan; add two teaspoonfuls of
eakiug powder, 0110 cup each of su-
gar and sweet mills, two eggs, un-
beaten, three tablespoonfuls of lard
and ono teaspoonful of lemon ex-
tract, Mix soft and cut in rings.
Rave the lard for• frying not too
hot, just hot enough. They are de-
licious,
Ginger Cookies.—Two cups molass-
es, one cup each of sugar and lard,
taro -thirds cup cold -coffee and soda•
lliix anti bake in a quick oven.
Ginger Snaps.—One cup each of
Now Orleans molasses and sugar,
throe tablespoonfuls of lard and six
of cold coffee, one teaspoonful each
of cinnamon, ginger and soda.
Por Apple Salad,—Take small,
smooth, red apples that are very
tart, cut a slice from the end, then
remove the core. Throw the peeled
apple into cold water to keep it
from 'discoloring, and chop rather
coarsely. Mix it with chopped on-
ion, and pour over it an oil and
vinegar dressing. Scatter chopped
parsley over, arid servo.
Tho Secret of Cooking Sausages
Well—Is to let them heat very grad-
ually, 11 so prepared the skins will
not burst, so long as the sausages
are fresh. Tho common practice of
pricking sausages is not to lie re-
commended, as it allows the gravy
to escape. A few slices of apple
fried with the sausages aro an im-
provement.
'Co Boil Rice Successfully.—Have
ready a large sauce -pan of boiling
water, salt it thoroughly. Wash the
rice in several waters to remove the
flour, etc. Throw into the fast boil-
ing water, add a tablespoonful of
vinegar, and cool( for exactly a
quarter of an hour. Then drain
through a sieve, and keep the rice in
a warm place till wanted.
An Orange Drink—Which you will
like is made by boiling three-quarters
of a pound of loaf sugar in one pint
and a quarter of water, skimming it
well. Squeeze into this the juice of
tures oranges, sLir well and add one
quart of water, and a few strips of
thin orange peel; stir all together.
Place in a covered jug and stand till.
cold. Add a few slices of orange 'be-
fore serving.
Flat Gingerbread Cake.—Tanto one
pound and a quarter of flour, and
into it work four ounces of lard or
dripping anti a quarter of a pounce
covered with velvet, instead of a
brush. A brush wears the silk, and
the velvet pad while avoiding this
removes the dust beautifully,
'Never cut string if you can avoid
it and if It has to be cut do it as
near the knot as possible. Save all
the string, and for the purpose have
a special box, if string thus saved.
is to be really useful, each piece
must be dons up separately, 50 that
It -can easily bo undone, before it is
put away, This small economy, if
faithfully carried out, will save many
Pennies in the year, for string is
necessary in every kitchen, and also
for packing up parcels.
lefo can be sustained for about
thirty days on water alone, With
only solid food, tn1(1 could live but
0210 quarter of that' time.
To Clean the Railings of Banisters.
—Wash all the dirt off with soap and
water, and when clry rub with two
parts of linseed oil and one part of
turpentino. If the smell of the tur-
pentine be objectionable, use two
parts of sweet oil and one part of
alcohol, but the mixture of linseed
oil and -turpentine is most desirable.
To Clean a Feather Boa.—First
procure coarse bran and a small
quantity of flour. Mix both together
and set in tho oven to get thorough-
ly hot. Also warm a large cotton
bag. Put the boa into the bag,
shake in the bran, etc, and tie up
the end. Rub the bag web and
shake it thoroughly. Take out the
boa, shake it thoroughly and it will
be equal to new. If the boa be very
dirty two lots of flour, etc„ will be
required.
Kitchen tins may be brightened by
boiling them in strong borax water.
Rinse in hot water artd dry, and un-
less they have been very much neg-
lected they will be silver bright.
Roasting In a pot or saucepan is
especially suitable for small pieces of
meat, such as French cooks cook to
perfection. Melt and heat a good
tablespoonful of dripping in a pot.
Brown the pleat on. all sides in this,
so as to harden the outside and
keep in the gravy. Then draw the
pot to the side of the fire and let
the meat cook slowly, with the lid
on the pot; baste it frequently. This
is a very economical mode of cook-
ing because of the small quantity of
fire required to heat the miniature
oven. To make the joint more tasty
add an onion and a feta Hits of celery
to the pot.
Wash chiffon, especially white, and
it can be made to look almost like
new. Make a lather of best yellow
soap, and let it stand till lukewarm.
Soak the chiffon in this for ono hove.
Shake it gently round in the suds,
but do not rub. Squeeze out care-
fully, and rinse in two or three lots
of cold water. Dissolve a little gum
in a teacupful of water, and acid a
of brown sugar, with one ounce of few 'drops of vinegar. Dip in the
ginger (ground); add one pound of chiffon, and clo not squeeze, but lay
molasses slightly warmed, and, hest between the folds of a clean cloth
of all, a good teaspoonful of carbon- and pat with the hand; pull out care -
ate of soda dissolved in a little luke- fully. Cover with a niece of Ussue
warm milk. Bake in a Yorkshire paper, and iron with a moderato
pudding tin, cut into squares while iron.
hot, and set 013 a sieve to cool. Celerywithwith tomato sauce is an
excellent vegetable course. Boil sev-
eral heads of celery, freed from green
and cut into two inert lengths, till
tender. Brant the celery very (dry,
place it in a hot vegetable dish and
pour over it some good melted but-
ter sauce in which is mixed sufficient
tomato sauce to give all a nice color
Explorations of the past few years and flavor. 'J' urn the celery Oyer Universities.
show that the old ideas of the once, scatter chopped parsley over
heights of the leading peaks of the nncl serve. As the national indorsement of
Canadian Rockies were much exag- Fish Pudding.-13oi1 a nhediern the reform programme 39reacds stead-
gerated. Peaks still appear on some sizers hadclodk, and when cooked re- ily over the whole of Russia there
of the neaps as from to 17,- move the meat from the bones in, is a feature which recurs persistent-
15,000nlce flak • pieces. Boll about half a
D000 feHec above rthe
e ently wrote that pound of potatoes and when cooked ly in each local movement. Bodies
b them through a wire sieve. Mix which are wholly non-political in
probably none of the mountains of rttem other countries are hero foremost in
the fish and potato together, add
British Columbia rises above 18,000 salt, pepper', aur] cayenne, a nice pressing the agitation against the
Govermnent sa s a St. Petersburg
THE NEW LIGHT IN RUSSIA
AWAKENING THAT MAY BRING
ABOUT REVOLUTION.
The Newly Born Middle Class
tains Are the Product of the
113 500 feet. Outram Collie and Y
or
about a dozen other men have with- lump of butte] or clarified beefdripping, an egg beaters in two table -
'
able letter.
ifs the past ten years ascended many spoonfuls of milk. Stir all together, Medical societies, engineers' associ-
of the high peaks of the Canadian and it ,you lila parsley, acld a lithe, ahem, the teaching profession,
Rockies and mads observations to dncly chopped. Butter a pie dishheaded by nearly all the lyniversity
ascertain their altitude, The re- put in the mixture with a. little more professors, are as active as the law-
suit is a cdeci hi h d its
darn decrease in thr butter on the top. flake until hot yer's. Every nation w c of}through and the top is nicely brown-
ed
Ilam Pickle.—Take one pound of
common salt, a quarter of a pound
of boy salt, two ounces of saltpetre,
and one ounce of brown sugar. Mix
all together thoroughly, and well rub.
the ham with this mixture. Let the
previously accepted altitude of a
number of the highest• mountains of
these ranges.
BleTTER ASK 1 -UM,
A Lawyer tells how 0nco a small
boy got the better of him in cross-
examination. Part of. the question-
ing and the replies thereto were as
follows;—
"Have you any occupation?"
"No."
"Don't you do any work at all?"
"No."
"Just loaf around home?"
"That's about all."
"What does your father do?"
"Nothin' much."
"Doesn't he do anything to sup-
port the family?"
"Ile sloes odd jobs once in a while
when lie can get them."
"As a matter of feet, isn't your
father a pretty worthless fellow,
nearly always fighting, and a loaf-
er?"
"I don't know, sir; you'd bettor
ask him. Ha's sittin' over there in
the jury -box.'
GUARDING TRF,ES.
There are probably few inanimato
obiocts which have not an occult sig-
nilication attached to thele fn sorsa
part of the world, and for a Iong
time iron has been 11014 in venera-
tion by the negroos in the south of
the Pelted States, They have a su-
perstition to the effect that if iron
be hung upon the branches of a tree,
it will tools off evil spirits and in-
sure a good drop of fruit. In Mary.
land there is a peach -tree protected
in. this strange wee-, Sespendod from
the 'trunk and branches aro chains,
stove lids, grates, snit iron nails,
and it is a remur-able fact that
since it has been so adorned its
crop of poaches has become larger
each year,
Je 's'o—'"MieY saythat a man
Should not be judged by the clothes
ho weal's," Mrs. Jago --"Quite Cor-
rect. He shogid be judged by the
clethell his Wife wears."
own lawmaking has naturally a Mg
Percentage of lawyers in its Legisla-
ture, but it is not the practice
abroad for doctors or architects or
any other class of professional melt
when they meet to discuss matters
affecting their ceiling to plunge
straightway into hot national poli -
hat lie in a tub for four days, rub- tics. That phenomenon here dis-
bing it and turning it each day. closes Russia in the critical throes
Then add one pound of 'treacle. and
Leave it for nearly three weeks, be-
ing careful to rub and turn the ham
every day. Wipe ofi all the spices
with a damp cloth; wipe very dry,
and hong up to dry. If possible,
have the ham smoked.
HINTS FOR THE HOME..
Do not salt stock till you have
done skimming it, as the salt pre-
vents the stuns front rising. Add
very little at a time.
Savo sour mile in large or small
quantitles, for it is so useful for
calces, when carbonate of soda nuist
be substituted for the usual baking-
powder.
The secret of having light, good
meshed potatoes is to keep then hot
while gnashing and to have the milk
with which they aro moistened hot
also.
When grease hs spilled on a hot
stove, throw plenty of salt on it
quickly and the smoke and "smudge'
will bo largely prevented.
Fifteen yards of five -cent 919110111
or print; and four roils of batting
will make a better, comforter than
you can buy for $7.75, amt you will
know what it is stuffed with, Very
cheap cotton generally gnus to the
filling of the "store" comforter.
Somebody has discovered that
proms, soaked and chopped, slake an
acceptable addition to Melt cake,
Ono of the quickest and easiest
Ways to clean a greasy pan Is to
turn the grease out and wipe the
pan, while hot, with soft paper.
Burn the papers olid wash the pan
with soap and water,
To Clean Ihonee.—Make the article
]lot by puiting it into boiling Water
and than clean it, with a piece of
flannel dipped in 50apsu(15. 1t must
then be dried and polished with a
,,oft flatted. The wbole process ss
should be performed tee ra i(ly 5
�
possible.
7'o brush dirt fibra kills use -a pad
of producing what is twined a mid-
dle class.
It has been the uniform practice
here that every change should bo
worked by a stroke of the sover-
eign's pen. Institutions have not
grown tip; they have been deposited
as completed products, and it is the
people who have beau called on to
adapt themselves to the institutions,
not the institutions to the people.
Tho first sharp impression made on
the Government by the Crimean War
fifty years ago was that a complete
absence of national education had
proved a handicap. They Were 011-
tirely justified in holding that their
soldiers had proved at least as
brave and hardy as the French or
the lengl.ish, but in all the multi-
tude of things that are necessn.r;y to
the cone1001 of a war, the transport
organfeat ion, the arranigoments for
lotting one division know what an-
other wee doing, they
ADMITTEDLY BROKE DOWN.
The treatment prescribed by the
Governnnoht after the war was over
consisted in the creation of univor-
cities all over the country. Out of
these the authorities expected to
see manufactured.. that newly dis-
covered useful thinge-odhtcatlwl,
But none of the governing Claes or
territorial nobility- dreamed of send-
ing their sons to these brand flew
universities. They had them edu-
cated privately and by travelling tit -
tors, as had always been the Russian
nobles' Way,
It Very soon Carso to be a pressing
questionwho wee to be put into
these universititie which head been M-
I ablishod Wiholesttat, not only iv
great cities, but in every proeinco,
'however remote or u11i1Y11.1ertiUnt,
The libnrctlob of the pease/MIT from
being the legal ellett0le of the lead-
owner, fed awd clothed irate the pro-
ecede of thrift' Work 0011 the rated, but
1104 paid wages nor allowed to leave
their owner's estate, which was also
a political sequel to the defects that
the Crimean war had diseioted, soon
gave the Gavernlmont an idea which
enahr(e'd it to get out of the ellennut,
`Pee children of those frond pens --
ants, who were best at learning —
tlhel•e were and there are no State
primary schools, but in Most: dis-
tricts elle noble family tutor or same
of his poorer relations, very seldom
the Orthodox priest, would help a
clever child—were (hefted into these
new provincial universities, where
their training was directed in pre-
paring them for the suleo'clh1.to
clerking departments of the Govern-
ment service,
But this system of education,
especially the daily companionship
of nunlibers of poor andambitious
young men who expected nothing
but a life of empty drudgery, in a
few years was once again an anxi-
ety to the G=overnment. Tho places
which were intended to supply that
species of education which the Gov-
ernment 'wanted were all turning in-
to forcing grounds of
RADICAL POLITICS.
The rulers took the line of least
resistance in creating thousands of
vacancies in the State service every
year for 110 other purpose than to
'absortb these datrgerous educated
poor. But there is a limit even to
this in. Russia, and for most of the
past generation the universities hove
been turning out each year larger
numbers of Wren who are trained for
separate professions and not for
Government service. They represent
Russia's first specimens of an edu-
cated, independent middle class.
To refuse to take note of these
class definitions is to miss the actu-
al working out of national develop-
ment hero.
Only two classes in Russia have
historic traditions and legally de-
fined positions nobles and peasan-
try. 771e middle ground between
the two has been gradually occupied
by people who are 310 longer tied to
theland as under the serf laws and
have prospered more or less 111 busi-
ness in the towns or have gorse into
the educated professions. These peo-
ple have found themselves without a
political position in the commun-
ity.
The peasant laws are based on
the principle of paternal care, no re-
sponsibility or authority,` but, on
the other hand, certain legal pro-
tections front fraud, The very qua-
lities that bring people into this
middle ground in the population of
Russia are just those which make
peasant laws intolerable to them.
They are not particularly afraid of
being defrauded in the ordinary af-
fairs of life; the fact that they have
got to the positions they occupy
goes to indicate that they are able
to take care of themselves. On the
other ]rand, they are willing to bear
authority and responsibility.
All this educated opinion repre-
sents a different problem from that
of the peasantry, It is not a ques-
tion of more food, of more intelli-
gent agricultural methods, bettor
roads and fewer local exactions by
tax gatherers. These are
THE DAILY QUESTIONS
of the peasantry. 1'or the educated
reformers the agitation is wholly
political. Any economic reforms
they would prefer to wait for until
they were allowed to have a hand in
framing thole.
Their greatest encouragement and
strength conies from the co-opera-
tion of the territorial nobility.
These. have always regarded the Gov-
arnrn,ent functionaries, up to and in-
cluding the Ministers of State, as
a species of Chinese literati, trained
parasites an the body of the nation
whose functions they impede. As
the agitation proceeds there appears
a closer union between the headers
of the provincial nobility class and
this new middle class whose grand-
fathers worn sorts.
The policy which M. Witte is
adopting aims at economic develop-
ment for the peasantry and is
against the political rights demand-
ed by the middle class. Resolute
and single minded though he is, it is
difficult to understand ,how he elle
prevail eventually against a con-
stantly increasing -body whidh has
plenty of energy and Is not at all
mocloot,
There is nothing academic about
their methods, They record all
around their approval of the act of
De Pluhve's assassin, who was of
the class from which they aro drawn.
The ominous recurrence of the bomb
idea in the past two months comes
from the younger and angrier of
ths parity, and ot from the starve
ingianarchist typosl.
It is constitutionalism that they
call for in clearly earnest and no
/anger the local administrative re-
forms of rho first programme, The
Government answers that Russia
is in a wholly dflTeront position po-
litically from any other great counl-
try an1 teat she needs a wholly die -
forest sy5tenl.
"It is not et(." say these business
10011, lawyers, (10cbors, engineers, ell
this new class in :Russia which f5
1nultiplying over the apace that lies
between noble and, prasant. ",Vo
aro not, of very different stuff from
what other ' people's are maple of,
asci we want to raise 111e same risks
asci chances a5 they."
Neuralgia of the body is frequent-
ly mistaken for pleurisy. It may
be distinguished by the fact of its
being more `on the surface, and its
shifting about from place to place.
Any anodyne Helmet, such as bnl-
latlirnno, applied on a piece of flan-
nel, and a tonic su.oll as quinine,
w111 give relief, r:
The young wife buried her head in
the sofa pillow end sobbed a5 if her
heart would break. "W -when WO
were married," she sobbed, "you
said that no matter what happened
y,ou wotfltl love she still," "Yes,"
retotted the bi;:llal lho5110(1(1, "but.
700 n0vee taro SIM. That it the
reason 1 don't lave you,"
14.
INSOMNIA,
The amount of sleep required
varies within fairly wide limits in
different individuals, Some do
well wiLh an average of not more
than six hours out of the twenty-
four, while others must have at
least nine hours if they are to bo fit
for their daily tasks.
The length of time whioh the aver-
age person needs is usually put at
eight hours out of the twonty-foto'
or one-third of life. Young children
require more and the aged, as a rule,
less,
Therm Is a kind of spurious insom-
nia, in which a person who really
needs only six hours, but thinks he
must have eight, wakes up early in
the morning and tosses about for
an hour or more, grumbling homes
ho cannot sleep, and beginning t
regard himself as the victim of some
nervous disorder. Such a person
should get up earlier and spent(
these two precious morning hours
which nature is offering him in some
useful occupation. If ho actually
needs but six hours' sleep a day 11e
will be the better for not wasting
two in useless tossin'gs; if he needs
the average eight hours his getting
up at once on waking in the morn-
ing will break up the habit by
quieting the nervous unrest caused
by this tossing, and the chances are
that he will soon find himself sleep-
ing through these two hours nature
ally and 'peacefully.
Insomnia may depend on physical
01' on mental causes. Tho first sort
can often be benefited greatly b
simple measuresr—and many cases
the second category also. In a ca
of sleeplessness elle first thing to d
is to discover the cause and, if pc)
side, remove it. It may bo the
the sufferer studies, or talks,
reads exciting novels too late.
night; or he slay sit up too long a
ter leaving had only a light menet
meal; sneaking late in the evening
a frequent disturber of .sleep, and tl
taking of tea or coffee at the over
ing meal is another cause of inion
nice Too much thinking, pined!)
worrying after retiring will dri
away sleep imost effectually. D
foctive ventilation in the bedroom 1
often the cause of insomnia, especl
ally the morning variety.
The treatment of simple forms
this trouble is directed to drawin
the blood from the head. A gY
of hot milk just at beclttme wt
this in many castle, or the re,
may be obtained by a ]tot musts'
foot -bath or the nso of an extra co
ering over the feet to keep them 'der,
warm: Constipation will cause
sonmia, and so will acid dyspepe'
and the relief of these conclitio
will work like a charm. 'Drugs shoulr
never be resorted to except upon lb.
advice of the physician. The ac•
•quirfng of a chug habit is the great
est clalsger to which the sufferer from
sleeplessness is exposed.—Youth'(;
Compaul on.
DEALT11[ NOTES.
Lumbago ire really rheumatism of
the muscles of tho back.
Clothing should never interfere
with the free movements of the body.
All foods are made up of carbon,
nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, aunt'
mineral salts; and when tarsen in e
proper quantity, keep the body it
perfect health.
When administering medicine, 1,
the bottle is. not marked, it Is sae;
est to use a glass measure.'
tablespoonful is equal to half an
ounce; and a teaspoonful to one
drachm, or the eighth part of- an
011]110,
Eight hundred cubic feet of air?
space aro required fel' every heal-
thy person inhabitating 0 room;
and one thousand, at least, for'
every sick person. The air in both(
cases must be kept sweet by oflcient'y
'ventilation.
Warm baths are the most 01100 151
means of keeping the stein clean and
healthy. The temperature should
be 92 to 98 deg. Fahrenheit. Avoid
prolonged immersion, and rub the
skin well.
Don't waste muscles when any
muscle or organ of the body is not
used, it gradually wastes. 'Walking
exercises only tho lower part of the
body, but tennis and swimming
brings all parts into play: Open-
air
penair exorcises is far preferable to
gynulnstics in a room.
Wounds should bo treated, after
bleeding has ceased, by wa511i11g
with perfectly clean water, to which
a little Sanitas or Cordy's Fluid
bas been added. The edges should
bo drawn together as closely as pos-
sible, and tiro part covered in so as
to exclude the air. Having bound
up the wound cleanly and tidily,
allow it to remain 115 long as pos-
sible without undoing the bandages,
wILhdc] fr119l'.
ossic11sa!oavoiceo -is0a4 10idynnl00 0ccur-
rtr, antl'va
comtpanieonceinswinothere5ynittpt(oln5egentiy a1 Lhr.r-
001nr110ln cold. It comes o11 suddeniy;
Is alarming, but not dangerous, Ap-
ply hot dry flannel round the throat,
and inhale steam, • Mut compound
tincture of benzoin 15 11801111, and as
much as Can be absorbed by a piece,
of lump sugar May be taken several
times a day. Avoid 901119 out et.
night: and (11111104' foggy weather, r
Barley water is easily prepared by '
washing two ounces of barley in a
little water, which f placed i1
ap t s a
jug with the outer peel of one quar-
ter of a lentos. To this add two
warts of boiling water. Allow q g clow it
to cool; strain, atter drink when
colli.
1T.etudachcs aro frequently the re-
sult of defective eyesight, The eye
being so intimately.0onalocLod with
the ]serve contras 111 the brain, any
undue strain affects the whole 'ncrv-
ons 87St01n• The.. actual defect may
b0 slight, but continual eltort to
rectify this Moot result's to isain
ill the head,
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