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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1911-3-16, Page 6seen 1RDSSiA'S BRAOD NEVI NAVY ODDITIES Of MAPLE SAP so lliB THINGS THE SIT GAR MAKERS THINK THEY KNOW. OVER $5QO,000,O0O BEING SPENT ON IT, The Russians Are Not Fond of the Soo, and Can't Build Good Staips. At the close of the Russo -Japan- sea War, Russia found herselfe- tically without a navy, for the p of her fleets went out tend for them as Fate o battle with Japan—'a willed it, there was no return, It was . quite obvious that the Russians could not afford to let things remain in this state for any length of time, and a series ofse Si . ffi ocial announcema ents by Petersburg newspaper, that beim_ gentle -naval programme is g prepared that will entail an ex- penditure of 1,000,000,000 roubles, or roughly, $600,000,000. The largest item in the estimate is expected to be an order hfoh for twelve Dreadnoughts, $200,000,000 will be spent. The rest of the hundred millions will go n torpedo-boat destroyers, gunboats, submarines, and transpors.rule, The Russians, as a general have an unconquerable dislike for the .sea, and for this reason they have never been, and can never ex - neat naval power. "But a sugar camp nowadays is a vastly different thing from what int condays, those Y was in hal small metal spile driven into the trees conducts the sap into tightly covered tin buckets and the crane and kettle have been replacedby the enolosed furnace and the iron evaporating pan. curious things "There are many n and they about sap and its ways, are present no matter whether the old time or the new methods are used in collecting it and changing it into sugar and syrup. Sap w ell' peat to hal a g the sea is rather run freely unless there aTe cold This aversion for by told story •ta as Y mth illustrated tae ar l u w , 1 i ofquaintly Ll ndi d co mingled Russian rid light. It likes best a still, dry, I of a high official at the Ru It's Sweeter At Night ars Flows Faster After Snow and a Freeze. "The art of maple sugar making' long ago moved out of the methods a, ther's days," in our fa it to applied says a man who knows. "In the old days we simply box- ed the trees, cut a sloping notch in one side of the tree a toot and a half above the roots, the bottom of the notch being cut three inches deep in the trunk. When the hew- ing was complete the notch was a miniature trough gouged in the tree. As it filled with the oozing sap the sap was baled out with a wooden ladle to be taken to the ket- tles. wasted a good g for "Boxing sap deal"of it, and:then an improvement came in. This was the boring of holes with a half inch auger into the trees, slanting upward, and about three inches edeep. elf o these were inserted sp'l tions of elder branches, the ample pith being pouched out. Through into flowed i s P s these lethe sa P troughs hewn out of birch or other sweetwood logs cut and split into suitable dimensions. "In the olden days the sugar making season was a gala time, looked forwardton with joyful ex- pectancy by young a al- though it meant. weeks of hard drudgery to all. Then, more than under the present system, it was frequently necessary when sap was running free to keep the boiling going all night. The grove, light- ed up by blazing fires and peopled by the flitting forms of merry girls and lusty farm lads, presented A PICTURESQUE SCENE. "It was a most important part of the sap boiling that a close watch be kept on the sugary cauldron, fox the sap was likely to boil over and some one must stand ready with hickory paddle to prevent the threatened overflow by violent and persistent agitation of the boiling mass. Who made the discovery, or exactly what potent charm there was in the substance, are things that no one ever seemed to know, but a chunk of fat pork was the greatest and in fact the only sooth- er of an angry and determined ket- tle of boiling sap that the sugar makers of that golden age had at command. "Proper stirring of the sap was of great importance in those rude sugar making times. It would not do to leave the sap long without stirring, for there was constant danger of its scorching and certain- ty of its becoming too thick. The work of stirring a kettle of boiling sap was fatiguing. and required fre- quent change of watchers, "Testing the boil was important. This responsible duty was always in charge of some one long exper- ienced in sugar making, a woman generally. She went from kettle to kettle carrying a gourd dipper con- taining the water. Dipping a spoon- ful poonful of the boiling sap from akettle, she dropped it into the water. If there was snow on the ground, which she preferred, she would toss the spoonful of sap upon a clean spread of snow. Instantly, as it would also in the water, IT WOULD COOL. If it showed soft and waxy, while being then a delicious condition for lea sin the palate, it was not yet f5 P fit for turning off into sugar. That condition must be when the sap eoolod brittle, or `grained' as the chin roe g itPP term was. If was a e that state care had to be taken that the fire must not be increased under the kettle; in fact, it must be per- mitted slowly to die down. When by retesting the sap was found to be right for `sugaring off, the word was given and the syrup was turned off into pails and crocks and the sugar residuum run off into well g cups, rase ed shallow .sins, bowls d t es an sorts of shapes all P f fishes c and d patterns, moulds which gave to Sugar that the consumer inthose days bought at he store the odd and varied forms he doubtless well temeither e n't Used in Canadian honnes to produce delioieus home -merle bread, and is. veep• p1er ie always included lin $porterneae and Campere Outfits. I)ecline all imitations. They never give satisfaction and cost Just ste meas. E. W. 4WLLETT0 0. t. TDtreat Winnipeg Toronto, Awarded MOW honor's of off No. 211 XpoSit10,13. point gave another reason for his lack of comradeship for the Rus- sian: "He ain't clean enough.'.."— Pearson's Weekly. BACK TO. ORIGINAL TYPE. Annuals Would Soon Go Wild if Left to Themselves. The domestication of animals has to be kept up from one generation to another, or they take on the wild nature again, It is somewhat the same with the civilization of mankind. The basis of character lies beneath all training, and it essentially savage. We can study he nature best in t ' ' i •enc le of this principle p case of :animals. Mr. O. E. W. Bean in his recens book, "On the Wool Track," has made some im- portant observations on this point. as he has studied the conditions of sheep -farming in Australia. Animals have an inconvenient way, if left to themselves for a gen- eration or two, of reappearing in the form which their ancestors dis- carded centuries back—like the tame • ma ' n stark. So h African South pigs wont wild, perhaps eighty years back, on the Lower Macqu- arie. There is an animal there in the reed beds still. But it is a fierce, active brute, with enormous high shoulders and light hind quarters, with a hog's mane and a hump, that starts suddenly from his drink in the marshes and glares up at you, gnashing till the foam flakes away from its longcurled tusks. Letundercattle the most carefully 3 run wild, and in a short time the old bridles reappear amongst them. In next to no time there comesback to them the beautiful alert, head - erect stare of real wild stock. The tameness is easy enough to rub off, hut the wildness is not. One stock -owner told us of a calf that he took from a wild cow in the milk. He hand -fed it.. "But, bless you, he'd butt the bucket about the yard8 r want of anything better, " he could always tell him afterwards, when he grew up, and was feeding amongst the others. As you came near, his head would always com°. up with a jerk, nostrils wide, and hent e eeser offtyou tall long his after you Y had passed. I xemem "Same way with sheep. re em- ber two Border Leieesters, import- ed from England on to a lull sta- tion. Soon after carne a fall of snow in the paddocks. Not those rams, but their children, 1;othaa v tat he d nseen snow, snow away to .get at the feed un- der it. None of the other cross- breds did that." —g, MILK STREET, LONDON. Milkmen Live There and Loney Dealers en Roney Street. a b lease atmosphere, with a northwest wind blowing.hifthere Then ivis i lrun steadily p PLENTY OF SNOW in the woods, -with a freeze of things at night and a nice thaw out of them during the day. The sap is never in better But let a so of a storm in it threat with a wi along, flow- ing. s pending, and the, sap P ing. t rm "If the stormis court, who was company Nicholas II. on a trip to Copenhagen. CAN'T BUILD GOOD SHIPS. "How will your Majesty travell" he asked •anxiously, that the When the Tsar replied u humor than hen.. journey would beer a e by ea the uthvvest wind comet board the Imp htthe craved humblypermission mister M land. to go by Cioupled with their dislike of the' sea is the ,act that the Russians r ommanded to'ac- WHY NOT 1,000,000 YEARS? FAMOUS LIFE ELIXIRS WAIpifl UAVII NOT e,ELIXEP." fro also vfsi --_'_`_' _` ted by the detectives GDARDIRD Kll��a GEORG[ V time to time sidenoo, when wne ing ' , TIVES ARE DETAIL- sidenco at Windsor there are ueuac_ TWO DDT1;O l from twenty to twenty-five detec- tives eto BI) FOR THE Dl1TX. t vl es- on duty. Eveby entrance to the castle is watched by an armed official, and throughout the long corridors and passages there are always several detectives on duty. These elaborate precautions are made -at Windsor Castle chiefly be- cause it can be entered more read- ily than Buokingham Palace. There are several secret entrances to the castle, whereas there are none to Buckingham Palace. None of Them Move Proved to be lliedieinc of Valuable Properties. "From a cold in the head to care oar, I can. prevent or +Jere diene all l" says the famous Dr. Doyen, spe+ikine of his new and ma Ivsecl'us xnodioine, which, be saws, posed of extracts front natural fer- ments, Ras be ound"w'ret thous- ands of alehemista and chemists have been looking.for more than two thonsand years'{ Unhappily, the thousand failures of the past have shaken our confid- ence, and even if Dr, Doyens re - "suede is all that he claims for it• years must elapse before the worlds.. at large recognives its virtues. Egypt was the birthplace of elix- irs fie of life, and the Alexandrinebasks monks published so many, upon this subject,. and upon the possibility of making gold artificial- ly, that the Emperor Diocletian lost patience and ordered all bbe vol- umes to be COLLECTED AND BURNED. rom "Windsor Castle is, however, the most elaborately guarded royal re- --- Ki is in re though, and a freeze succeeds it• have never shown any spa good and stiff, followed by a genial tude as builders of battleships. thaw, then you will see the sugar There are, of course, a number of makers wearing broad and happy dockyards in Russia, the most im- smiles for the sap will immediately portant being near St. Petersburg,. resume Business and with a vim but in going through the workshops that will make up for lost time and of some of these a British naval ex - with more saccharine substance in pert noticed that a good half of the fB't- Brit - and names 0 the it than it had before the snowstormmachinery bore and freeze up. Sap prefers a tap ish manufacturers. in the south side of a tree; at least A well-known British Admiral it will run more freely out of a tap has given an amusing account of on that side than from one on the a Russian -built cruiser on its trials. north side. Why it is more genet- The officials •seemed to think it was ous with its sweets with its night more important that these trials running I don't know, but it is a should produce a good impression fact that sap gathered at night as than that they should find out the it runs produces more and better defects of the new vessel. Accord - sugar and syrup than the soma ink the trials were put off from quantity gathered from the day day, to day until the weather eon - r ditions were perfect ---nota breath "Sap won't give you any more of of wind and the .sea without a rip - itself through your tapping of a plc—and even then the coal was good many contiguous trees than if hand-picked and a special crew of you tapped only a few of them. That stokers was shipped. seems a curious and paradoxical thing, but the explanation of ibis THE RUSSIAN TAR, untar- simple. Trees standing close unlike our own, does not vol gapher divide she aggregate areae of it enlist for sea. Army and Navy sop made possible, by the tin Russia are fed by conscription:, wouldso o they cover and that aggregate and having reached the age of reonly just orhs same if mthany twenty-one, the Russian is summon - were rhalf a quarter as many ed to serve his country, but he nev- ienc draining the spay Exprt- er knows into which branch of the treeed sugar makers say that thirty service he is to be drafted. trees suchon an acre of ground is all Under this arrangement, you will that an area for sugar uta be ng,ex- find on board the warships of Rus- axiy m r sth n t abeing amwastet, sic men who, during the first twen- ony more than that being a of time and labor and sap." sawne years or a theirdlives, never a sail or bandied an oar. Many of them had never even seen the sea before they were summoned FAILING BODIES. from their farms to fight their conn - Come Down With "a Uniform Ac- try's battles afloat. With the ()f- ederated. Motion." fivers it is, of course, rather dif- ferent, and many of these are Fin - All falling bodies, whether they ish gentlemen, who have known be crystal raindrops or meteorites, and loved the sea from their boy - fall with "a uniform accelerated hood. But even the officers are motion" ; in other words, if a body not to be considered as anything be moving at a certain velocity at like the equals of our own products. the expiration of one second from Darin a recent visit to Russia, the beginning of its fall, it will be 1 made a rather moving with twice that velocity at the expiration of two seconds, gain- ing in speed at a uniform rate throughout the whole course of its fall. Careful experiments have shown that the rate at which a body ac- quires velocity in falling through the air is 32 feet per second at the end of the first second from sterl- ing. At the end of he next second it is going at the rate of 64 feet per second, and so on through she whole time of failint Where ti,o velocity is known the space through which the body has fallen may he ascertained by mu;tipleing the vel ocity at that perms' by the t:mnh.r of seconds dnring which it has beeu tilt , ret ' fdui * the by and div falling, b two. This rule applies, however, only to bodies falling thr,ue;'i a vase u•s- � itttT ' of CUT i an..e The res st num. phere materially retards raindrops, hailstones, aerolites aro all other bodies which fall through it. Fewer Persons Watch Over. His Majesty Than Any Other Sovereign. Though King lxeorge, as Prince of Wale", was continually guarded by specially appointed detectives, much more elaborate. arrangements for watching over his safety have been made' since his accession to one. the the h there were only At ]ltarlboroug two detectives; at Buckingham Palace there aro a dozen, and it is no exaggeration to Bay that the sov- ereign is .never out of sight of at least two officers, except Perhaps when his Majesty is asleep in bed, and then the entrance to the per- sonal apartments .• is carefully gurded by two detectives on duty for the night. the in lock 0 c day. at nine Every Y morning, two detectives aro de- tailed for the duty of watching over the safety of the sovereign for a certain number of hours.'Duringg the time they are on duty, must' be continually near the king. When his Majesty is indoors, t ey. remain in the passage close to the apartment in which the King may be. When he goes out driving or or public an e P keep Y to p riding, or> r g' engagement, his Majesty's private guardians always follow their royal charge at a distance. ELABORATE PRECAUTIONS. Elaborate and careful as the pre- cautions taken to safeguard the Monarch'. are, they are 'carried out so unobtrusively and secretly that those in the royal entourage, or even the King himself, seldom have the slightest idea of the whereab- outs of the detectives. The "chief" is the only member of the detective staff at the palace with whom the King comes into contact, and it is doubtful if alhrs Majesty even knows the appear- ance of many of the others. in - The "thief" is always kept formed as far in advance as pos- sible of the King's movements, and lays his plans .accordingly. Say, for example, that his Majesty want- ed to go for a drive in the ater - noon, with the object, perhaps, calling at the residence of a mem- ber of the household. The chief detective would be in formed at least an hour beforehand of the streets through which. his. Majesty intended to drive, both go- ing and coming, and messages would be at once conveyed to the men on duty by one of the station sergeants, who then keep a epee - jelly watchful eye on any suspicious who may be loitering ab - characters POSSIBLE FOES. • out ab nd goes la The Kiel in England subjects mato freely among than any other sovereign is able to do, but, nevertheless, his Majesty is at all times carefully guarded. Danger from his owe subjects there is, of course, none; but there is al- ways the possibility of attack. from other quarters, and, but for the fact that among those Anarchist societies with which Eurppe is hon- eycombed it is known how carefully guarded, , is g h sovereign' n hs E the g it is more than probable, that hie Majesty's life might be in greater danger than it is. From time to time the chief de- tective at Buckingham Palace has, ad interview with the King, when he lays before the sovereign the various ;arrangements he has made for safeguarding his Majesty, for, though the King never interferes i es tv toe de the with in any way w plans, he always desires to keep in- formed of them. Carefully as Ring George is guarded, fewer persons are employ- ed to watch over his Majesty than any other European sovereign The, cost of guarding the King amounts to about $60 a day. The Kaiser's personal detective staff costs' nearly -$125 a. day, and the cost of keeping the Czar out of the assassins' reach is at least $250 a day. ed in The detectives employ guarding the King have to be very careful to make themselves famil- iar with the appearances of all those who come to the royal residen- ces, either as guests of royalty or on business, for King George would be excessively annoyed if any any such person was stopped member of the detective staff. !Next, the Arabs tackled the :sub- ject, and in the course of their re- searches made several valuable dis- coveries, some of which still.pre- serve their ancient Arabic names. These aro alcohol, borax, an al- kali. - d kali. The word "elixir" is purely Ais fab not believing in all the magical gib The great Roger Bacon, whilst berish of the alchemists of his day, yet had faith in the possibility of a true elixir vitae. His idea was that it should be composed of "aurum potabile"-liquid gold; that is, gold dissolved in nitro -hydrochloric acid. Hie belief is still recalled by the fact that this acid:is known to -day as "aqua regia"—royal water. e— of the tem the Pope 0 Bacon told P B ac and tie the U Nicholas IV.—of his , instanced a story—then universally believed -that an old man of a uhtny ploughing in a field' in Sicily ed up a golden phial full of yellow liquor, and drinking it, at once was turned into a sturdy youth.. IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY- a belief grew up thatsomewhere in the world existed a fountain the ner confer would per- petual which • of waters youth. In 1513 the famous' Ponce de Leon set out from Porto Rico on a search for this fountain, and, as a result, discovered Flor- ida. Alas 1 instead of youth, his discovery .proved death. He died from the effects of a wound made by a poisoned arrow of a Floridian Indian. fir^ To come to later times, Count Mattei performed some marvellous cures, and sadly puzzled the world of medicine by "electric" elixirs prepared from the saps of a large number of different tines, includ- ing the cedar, laurel, pine, fir, 1'f elm, poplar, etc., and from certain shrubs growing on the Apennines, the names of which he rept secret. A little later, Prof. Loeb mad j the startling announcement that common salt is the true elixir of life, and that it not only keeps the heart in action, but may cause it to beat again after pulsation has ceas- ed. It is curious that the famous "quack," Paracelsus, a great many years ago, gave careful instructions for the preparation of AN ELIXIR OF SALT, an Englishman cur- i ions discovery as to Russian ideas dilly circus or Oxford circus, ye on naval tactics. He was talking I yen would see only a circle where about naval affairs with a Russian four or flue streets meat. London admiral, and in time r course of streets ase among the best made in. discussion the Admiral made clear the world. To keep them clean the difference between the Russian they are washed every morning by and British naval tactics. a fire hose and cared for during the RUSSIAN ADMIRAL'S MAXIMS. day by mon and boys who keep them 6\v- -. 1 "He .spears to think that the saidRussian'navy exists to be shot at," usually a sweeper, said the Englishman afterwards; "while the British navy feels it ex- fists to shoot." The Russian Admiral's idea is that the warships in his squadron have cost a lot of money, and he must take care of them whatever happens. Rather than risk losing them Be will run into barba r ride •---and s was done at Port Arthus there at anchor until he can ven- ture out with a surer ehance of success, This feeling amongst the ' not take rat —that the m l officers—that rs Y the •+bed a a been dC9 C 1 -- a b I risks—has s fatal defect of the Russian navy.. When he Russian warships visit any of aux dockyard ports it has been remarked that while the Brit- ish and Russian officers get on very well together, Alexis and.Jack, of the lower deck, never get on very If some one promised to take you to a circus you would be very hap - Py, for you would expect to' wild animals, acrobats and chariot races. In London a friend might oke you to Ludgate circus, Picea- DRINK PASSION AT ITS WORST Age at Which it is Most Likely to Overcome Mau or Woman. At what age is the drink passion most likely to overcome a man or. womani At what age may thedan- ger of such a fate be said to have passed 1 The answers are found its a bulky blue book dealing with Lon- don (England) police statistics, is- sued recently. Between the ages of out. thirty and forty the largest num- FOLLOWING THE CARRIAGE. ber of habitual drunkards ate rs- OLLOW aeived into inebriate The two detectives acting as per- namely ninety-six, and between sonal guardians to the sovereign forty and fifty the number fell to are also instructed by the "chief"fifty-seven. of the Ding's movements, and nioo But it miiat.beborne in mind that eptly his � ejesty leaves the pa these figures deal with the age on they follow the royal carriage, pos- reception, and, in view of the re- sibly in a brougham or hansom cab, luctance of magistrates to commit, The detectives are always well dis- and the fact that.several convic- guised, and their places for keep cions must take place before the ing guard over the. sovereign are magistrate has the power to cone constantly' being changed and al- mit, it is certain that each inmate tiered, and are, of course, kept must have been an' habitual drunk crossings tiers is strictly secret. They manage tlh: it .ard for many years before entering At the street y, a home. It would seem, therefore, into whose hat business very alo�er for without that very - few persons fall a victim hers often drop pennies or attracting the least attention they ink habit after the age e, travel Yto the dr half pennies or help pay for oe always keePsafetofrom the niomelnt forty-five, and practicallynone af- sweet5 are work. Many LondonnI sovereigns Yter fifty. The ages at wheel the dan- • is ` narrow, crooked and his Majesty Lsav�es Buakfngham Pal- falling a victim to the drink soleaa s. axe until he returns. ger of g join one another in puzzling vv y a habit is at its greatest seem to lie + , nc theThe detectives who guard. the The re on u Some eight or nine years ago Dr. Albert Robin, of Paris, prepared a "rejuvenator" which certainly had remarkable results in certain cases. Its main ingredient was glycero- phosphate of lime. It contained,,. also, sodium, potash, and kola nut. In 1903 came the "adrenalin" dis- coveries. £drenalin, an enormous- ly expensive drug, is prepared from the glands above the kidneys of an- imals, and has •the property of in- troducing pressure to the blood. By its aid animals that have been ap- parently drowned or suffocated have been restored to life; and, unlike the majority of co -called elixirs, adrenalin has taken its place in "Pharmacopoeia," while no elixir has yet proved itself to be a medicine of valuable properties. —London Answers. HOW CLOUDS i1,RIi COLORED. Everything Depends en iiovv Sun- light Falls liipou It. ' much Select a nice day with not m wind. Wash and starch your cur- tains and the'.. two together, pin on, the el( s by putting .a Stay 'tby 'J'1 P b people living in g duty ne city have their homes mostly in King atnith� ovemng; if the Kmg o'clock in one neighborhood, the Germans in another, and so on with the people s •con countries, from other i fa • et tie s Milk , milkmen live on M The mi and the dealers in honey are to be found on Roney street. All day and es b noir the most of the night streets aro crowded with buses, cabs, hansoms and motor cars, in tact, vehicles of all descriptions, which move three or four abreast, In London drivers keep to the left, instead of to the right. --• . ,n To Identify. -Write your name li r in o lathes adhesive c sell P tilt side of . terms. coo di he • h- Tien t „ trete f an ..cls Y kt:e ethe and dun them 1 be stick o steal fit ; To soma extent this may surgeon's plaster and at e tokn. gat them 'which israincoat, ingwit c umbrella, r + I xlt i i ci lob , they will dry ft a fou minutes and rather language d !fi Y, inside of your i will not have to be ironed fu••iless; les acute wharf the visitor and rubbers, then you will always where the pins were) and will look is, say, a Frenchman, but one Brit find thaw, like nova. ish tar who was consulted on the , t. at nl out, one of the detectives re - roes d Here house vv the dutyin on anis m the King is:a guest until his Majes- ty leaves. This rule was not observed when T with dine d in ed to used ,- Ring the tai. Lord Knollys in St. James' Pal- ace, but on such occasions • there was always a' detective on duty side Lord Knollys residers When the Ring, becomes a guest at a house party, a room is peovid- ad for the detective staff in the de- partments set apart for the rocep' dh is quite, rte. an tion of the sovereign All the passages at Buckingham Palace are constantly being patrol- to deteetive • o£ tl ledb Y m ern leers between thirty-five and twenty-five. Crime figures were high in 1909, and especially notioeable was the sea and ndh ou a inburglary ae urea in shopbrealring. Thus: in 1909 there were 12,075 such cases, against 11,- 619 in 1908, 10,584 in 1907, and only 9,141 in 19 ' 06. It was estimated ated t hat therewereonly habitual crim- nais at large in Ap , 1909, against 4,256 the previous year, and 4,191 in. 1907, though it is pointed out, 1909 was a year of many c rimes, Debtors committed to prison num- bered 19,155, while persons impris- oned in default of payment of fine numbered 92,699, ); that on Envy is ambition staff,and the present apartments sour. has turned The color of a aloud depends on the manner in which the sunlight falls upon it and the position of the observer. It will be noticed that high clouds are always white, or because ' i b scat I r and this - in coo light the light by which they are seen is reflected from the ureter surface by the numberless drops of mors-, cloud. t h oto form he fur vvhio e g i Heavy Y ran clouds,1 io nthe other a hand, are found, much, nearer the earth, and so the light falls on them more directly from above, giving a silver lining to the eloitd, though the undersurface appears black, owing to he complete re- flection and absorption of the light by the upper layers, Seen from above by an observer in a balloon, the blackest rain clouds appear of , the most dazzling brilliant white. •