Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1911-2-2, Page 6"For Tea You Can't Beat Lipton's Froin Qui' Own Estates to You, Fragrant, Delicious and Sold Only in Airtight Paclt a, ee. THE MYSTERIOUS TRUNK CRIMES THAT HAVE HORRI- FIED 'TIIE WORLD. Long List of Tragedies—In-Almost Every Case the Murderer Was Arrested. To commit a murder is compare- tively easy. The difficulty comes in when the crime has to be conceal- ed. Where the identification of the victim must lead to the discovery of the assassin, the difficulty is in- /roreased. At first sight, the hiding of a body in a box would seem to be an easy and ready mode of dis- posal, providing always that the box and its contents can be kept sufficiently long to render identific- ation impossible. As a matter of fact, however, in every case—with ane exception -where a box has been employed, discovery has fol- lowed, says London Answers. 'AFFAIR OF THE BANK PORTER. Although England set the exam- ple in regard to box crimes, it is to the Continent one must go for the majority of cases. In Paris, in the year 1832, a bank porter nam- ed Ramus was poisoned by his friend Regey. Tne head was plac- ed in a box, and thrown in the Seine, to be fished up almost int:- • mediately afterwards by a party of boatmen 'f> In 1850, a well-known dealer in art bronzes, named Poirier Des- fontaines, an old baehelor, was murd,ex•ed by his servant, one Vion. '' Desfontaines' assassin sent the evi- 1 dance of his crime in a trunk to 1• Chateauroux, "to.be left till call- ed for," There was no trace of Vi - on to be found, and he was only captured by an ingenious use of the public journals, devised by the celebrated detective Canler., Cant ler had a paragraph inserted to the effect that all search for the crimin- � �„eel-would be useless, seeing that he had managed to escape into Spain. Believing that the police had ab - y': e,ndoned pursuit, Vion imprudently _,- showed himself in Paris, and was apprehended. A few years later, Victor Dom - by imitated Vion's exploit, for he also despatched his victim in a . • Strunk, "to be left till called for.” This time the burden was sent to Lyons, and when the body was found suspicion fell upon Domby's Mend Calloux, who had bought the wooden case, and bad trundled it to the railway station, not know- ing what it contained. Domby's guilt was brought home to him. A CALLOUS COUPLE. A terrible example of callousness Is that of a young man named Vit - e -.akseancl a girl named Marie Beyer, who killed the former's mother, and remained seated on the box containing their victim the whole of the day. The murder of Gouffe by Jean Eyraud and Gabrielle Bompard was one of the most deliberately 'diabolical conceptions that can be 'sited. But, in spite of their Blabt urate precautions, the guilt of the assassins was established. America can claim two notable ;instances of box crimes. In 1841 a nnan named Samuel Adams was ppniurdered by John 0. Colt, a book- keeper and teacher of ornamental 'writing, in an office in the Broad- way, The remains were placed in a Y p „alma And nd xi as s l ed on board sbipped a a vessel bforOrleans,. 'boundNew O eons x . Bit Nem - 'psis followed, as with other crimes of the same kind. The vessel was unexpectedly delayed for a week, and the nature of the hideous con- y • ' lents of the packing -case was rel• vetxled, Tho other instance is that of Alice Augusta Bowlsby, a charming and beautiful young woman, in 'whose death a doctor was implicat- i `r sd. - There was A GOOD DEAL OF MYSTERY. in the ailalr, A„woman, aecornpan- ted bya big trunk,alighted from a b at the termins o terminus Hudson Iver Railway, and asked to have be trunk sent on to Chic • o,Vhe- a When Chicago, 1ihe found that there was no train hat night sho iiistantl,y lied, lea's - rig ng the trunk behind her. The mur'- er was speedily discovered, and be doctor question apprehended rehended ., q l through pieces of the victim's gala I *dents nalit'lted with tier initials be - 1; ing discovered by the authorities in his house,. America can also boast of a ter- rible use to which a trunk was put by the stupendous villain Holmes, who murdered wholesale. He util- ized a trunk 'not merely to conceal the bodies of his victims, but actu- ally to take their lives. They were first drugged, then placed in the trunk, attached to a tube connected with an ordinary gas -pipe, and thus poisoned. The box crime in England was re- vived in 1872 by the Rev. John Selby Watson, who, in a fit of pas- sion, murdered his wife, and pur- chased a trunk to conceal tho deed. He subsequently attempted to com- mit .suicide, and confessed what he had done. He was judged insane, and he ended his days at Broad- moor, HARLEY STREET MYSTERY, The Harley Street mystery of 1879, where the dead body of a wo- man was found in the cellar of one of the mansions in this well'known thoroughfare, was never solved; but the case hardly comes within the category of a box crime, as the receptacle employed was a cask. On the other hand, the case of Arthur Devereux, the chemist, who mur- dered his wife and two children, is quite a typical example. Devereux introduced a new feature to get rid of the obvious risks of discovery. He filled the trunk with cement, and, in addition, took the most elaborate precautions. Underneath the box lid was another covering of wooden sections, neatly fitted to- gether, and with cross -bars screw- ed. the whole being glued, sized, and varnished. Notwithstanding all these precautions, Dere'eut's guilt was brought home to him. The crime of Edgar Edwards was particularly crafty and atrocious. He entered into negotiations with a Mr. Darby to purchase the lst ter'•s grocery, business in Camber- well, murdered him, his wife and child, removed their bodies in two wooden boxes and a tin trunk to Leytonstone, where they were bur- ied in the garden of a house which Edwards had just taken. At this house he attempted to murder a man named Garland under similar circumstances, and the matter com- ing into the hands of the police, they searched the house, and found business cards bearing Darby's name. This led to the conviction of the miscreant. RE3IEDIES FOR SEA. -SICKNESS English Princess Royal Had to Endure Some Odd Ones. Perhaps the most curious rem- edy for seasickness ever prescribed was that arranged by Sir Theodore Mayern for the English Princess Royal when she crossed to Belgium in 1042. Cinnamon, coriander, anise, ambergris, musk and sugar were to be made up into long tubes for her to munch on the voyage; a plaster of balsam of Peru, guns mastic and laudanum was to be ap- plied to the pit of the stomach and, in addition, she was to inhale the comforting vapors arising from a hash of toast, orange and citron peel, roses, lavender and cloves, mingled with wine, oiunamon water and elderflower vinegar. There was a time when it was believed possible to prevent sea- sickness by means of specially con- structed vessels, The Calais -Dover, a twin ship, was used on the chan- nel s exvico for many years. Great things „were g e e expeetecl from this, but she proved a slow boat, and her passengers were by no means im- mune from seasickness, Another attempt in this direction was the Castala, in which the sa- loon was suspended like a hammock with a view to minimizing the Pitching and rolling. This turned out an utter failure. If tho roll- ing was less than in ordinary.ves- sels the pitching was quite as bad, and, moreover, the swinging me- chanism occasionally stuck. SENTENCE SERMONS. Love never listed to fear. r. You do not gain strength by pos- ing for sympathy. When a sin suits us it usually be- comes insignificant, Happiness and holiness take turns at being cause and effect. Thy -will be done” calls for ca_ oncrafiou as well as resignation. FORMS OF HOSPITALITY DIFFERENT WAYS OF ENTER- TAINING GUE can. In all Italian Palace—Sofa Seat in. Oc5'n 5ny-�'lhirllish (Reception. A celebrated. Pxenoh lady a,t home in every city in Europe re- cently wrote a very clever book in which she oritised the various forms of hospitaliity as practised by society all over the continent, In no country; in the world, she finally summed up, is the difficult art of • entertaining so thoroughly understood and so well carried through, says, a writer in the Lon- don Chronicle, as in our own "right little, tight little island." Personally I think the Americans surpass us in the art. They lay their time, their motors and their intellects at the feet of any wan- dering globe trotter who happens to possess a letter of introduo- tion, We English, on the other hand only take to our bosoms those people whom we have met and tried and not found wanting; we are nos good at promiscuous good fellow- ship, whatever one French admirer may say to the contrary. It is amazing what a dial of dale ference the sea makes between us and our European brethren. That briny boundary has indeed made us a race apart in manners, cus- toms and ideals. Our lavish has- pitality when we are really stirred up to show ourselves at our best leaves our foreign friends gaping at our extravagance'. AN EVENING IN ITALY, I remember being invited years ago to pass the evening with an It- alian Contess and her two daugh- ters. I expected dinner, as did the other members of my party, but no dinner appeared. Apparently our hostess had dined earlier in the day, At about half -past nine the folded doors of the gilded salon. were thrown open and two magnif- icent flunkies appeared. One bore a tray on which was an apparently golden goblet and three, small cups of priceless china. The other car- led a salver on which reposed cakes of all descriptions. Solemnly, in almost regal state, they advanced to the Contessa, while our fainting spirits slowly revived. Bowing stiffly, these stuffed ef- figies of men poured out some thick, nauseous looking chocolate and handed it and the cakes exclu- sively to our hostess and her two daughters, ignoring our starving presence altogether. Then the doors closed upon them, and we, hungry and half fainting, saw them no more. As soon as we decently could Are quitted this scene of open handed revelry and hastened to sol- ace and sustain our drooping bod- ies at the nearest restaurant where solid and satisfying food could be bought. That, example was certainly not quite what the English nation would describe as generous hospit- ality. As a matter of fact Italians as a rule are not given to much social intercourse in the way of small or friendly dinners. One big squash a year where all the world, or at least the world of their social clique, are invited to listen to choice music and to discuss the lat- est international scandal, is about their limit. Their "at home" days are held in the public gardens like in the Pinico at Rome, where "car- riage calls" are made and the af- fairs of the nation discussed. Thus the Italians keep themselves "au courant" of all that is going on, and no extra expense is incurred in the way of cakes and cream, &c. IN GERMANY one is invited to Kaffee Klatsahes, where coffee and the most marvel- lous cream cakes of all sorts are handed round, cakes that melt creamily in one's mouth. They are indeed ambrosial. But being hor- ribly absent minded and seldom the person of greatest consequence in the room, l have over and over again caused a terrible flutter in the dovecotes by marching right away to the sofa anal calmly seat- ing self and making self quite comfortable,I only to be removed either tactfully or otherwise,' as h everyone who has travelled in Ger- many at all knows that the sofa seat, like the seat facing the horses in a carriage, is reserved for the chief guest, or at least for that wo man who has earned her country's approbation. by the fiery trial of matrimony One can imagine the almost blas- phemous presumption of an unim- portant spinster who dares to nes- tle down cosily into such a seat. I have given up visiting in Germany, e,xperienees of this kind have com- pletely destroyed my nerve. While I was staying in Demes- ne the marriage of the daughter of a Turk of the upper glasses took place. An urgent invitation was sent across thewilyto our hotel to come and join in the fun, We were warned that, a direct refusal would htrrt the feelings of ori hospitable host and bastrs& so en the second day of 117,' feast we Born est cur' tra- M Used in Canadian hone to produce delicious hems -made bread, and a sup• ply ie al`vnys Included ;la Sports)»era'. and Campers' Outfits, Decline all imitations. They never 4.s give satisfaction and coat Sunt + '''area„ -aa<? as much. (twii'• E. W. Q1L1.gTT CO. .TD,fi "A rg'r Winnipeg. Toronto, Ont. IHnntrent 1 it Awa Ned hiOhaat honors at all l '� No. 327 - ENpos4ttens.. dp' ' MOST, PERITCT MADE vel spoiled best' and crossed the road to the SCENE QF THE FRAY. We passed through • two 'rooms filled with chattering crowds and across a courtyard in which the "tomtoms" or some analagous in- strument of torture. wailed and hummed all day long. We, ware finally escorted .into a room thick with tobacco smoke and filled with women most gorgeously dressed lying around in the • room `- On couches. We bowed vaguely, hav- ing no idea who our hostess might be, and as we did not .possess a word of Turkish, and our hostess, blazing with diamonds, did. not pos- sess a word of English, matters came to a standstill 'while an in- terpreter was fetched. The Turkish ladies in the mean- time gathered around us and exam- amined our faces carefully, the way. we did our hair and our clothes,. apparently from their gestures and the way Ley jabbered among them - .selves they did not reckon mach on any of them. +finally a young girl arrived who had been to a school where English was taught. She asked ifs -various questions, which she interpreted, along with the answers, to an ad- miring audience, and all the time the most awful coffee, piled up with sugar, the most nauseous looking sweetmeats and cigarettes, were being passed around and pressed upon us, and, horror of horrors, we were expected to eat our fill. The cigarettes were excellent, but in- termixed with those sweetmeats and that awful coffee the result was disastrous. I was ill for days after that example of , TURKISH HOSPITALITY. When the curiosity about us be- gan to wane and flicker out our interpreter asked us if we would like to see the bride- She had re- tired, worn out by the noise and the excitement, to bed in the harem, and there we found her, a mere child, fast asleep in. a room over- looking the courtyard where the tomtom players kept up their most infernal din. Behind her pillow re- posed a red cushion with a, fez up,- on it to show that she was the ex- clusive property of a Turk. ' One other example -I experienced of hospitality in the seats of the mighty. I was travelling through the Levant: and had an introduction to a high born Greek, I arrived at his house dead beat, and implored permission to go straight to bed. After some demur my request was acceded to, and I was shown in great state to my room. The apart- ment was large and well furnished, showing signs of wealth and good taste, but the sheets of the bed, alas, had certainly been used be- fore, The next morning, when raven- ous, I entered the room where I hoped to find breakfast, no sign of it had yet appeared. I thought of my Italian experience and my heart sank. I had nine hours on a cross - saddle before me, and I felt as hol- low as a drum. For an hour I sat and made pol- ite conversation with my host and hostess, and was just growing des- perate and about to ask for some- thing to eat to still my alarming hunger when the door opened and a most welcome domestic appeared bearing A HUGE STEAMING BOWL. By the side of the bow] a tiny pot was placed and then a huge dish of uncooked eggs a pearedr a plate with a colossal pat of butter upon ,and to my horror, no bread, but is plate of sweet fancy biscuits, my pet abomination. At the invitation of my host, I sat down, and discovered that the enormous bowl was filled with hot milk. A cup was filled from it and my host politely asked ma if I took coffee with my milk and on my ans- wering in the affirmative, about two eggspoonfuls were poured cau- tiously into my cup, then the fancy biscuits were solemnly handed to me, but here my .good breeding gave way at some unexpected thin plase. I recoiled shudderingly frorn the proffered feast and demanded bread loudly, and bread was brought. The eggs I left severely alone, as I had not the faintest idea what I was supposed to do with thein. My host and hostess did not mature on thein either, Breakfast over, I'bade my hostess adieux:then I and -.her husband mounted and rode away into the wilds with our escort. At lunch time the most delicious croquettes were produced and some ambrosial wine, on which . we all feasted sumptuously. Afternoon tea I had to do without alas! such decadent luxuries not being en- couraged in those portions of the globein which I found myself, We mounted once more and rode of till dusk, when we descended at an inn of unprepossessing appear- ance. I shall remember that inn all my life. I . was famished yet once again, and all that they could pro- duce that appeared to ire fit to eat was some clotted cream and a bowl of hot wine 1 HISTORIC RESIDENCE. Where Three Premiers Lived in London, The London (England) County Council have issued another pamph- let concerning houses of historical interest, the most famous now dealt with being No. 10 St. James' Square, where three Prime Minis- ters have lived, namely, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham e . Edward Geoffrey -Stanley, Earl of Derby= and lA . E. Gladstone. Pitt lived at No. 10 from 1769 to 1762, when he gave it up for, reasons indicated in' the following statement:— "On the accession of George III., Pitt's position soon became unten- able. On the rejection of his ad- vice to the King Pitt and his col- league, Temple, sent in their resig- nations and the most brilliant Ad- ministration of English history was ended. Thereupon he gave up his house in St. James' Square, and resolved to live altogether at Hayes." The house was occupied by Lord Derby from 1837 to 1854. When he took up this residence he was sup- porting Sir Robert Peel, and it was not until 1841 that his party came into power. A glimpse of the eti- quette of these long -gone days is quoted:— "It uoted:"It must have been at 10 that `the pleasant party,' described by Lord Malmesbury as taking place on April 14, 1842, was held. 'Mr. Everett, without waiting to be in- troduced, asked me how much beer money 1 gave ' my servants, and seemed to think it was too mach. He was dressed in a green coat, not a common .color o for .a dinner in London.'"" According to Lord Malmesbury, Lord Derby was in the habit of sit- ting all day in a back room. . In 1890, Mr. Gladstone rented No. 10, but his term of occupation lasted only a few months, corresponding' with the Parliamentary session. of 1890 (February to Augnst). A tablet. on the house now indicates: "Here lived three Prime Ministers."— London Standard. F -a TABLES OP AIIAB FOU\D. Prof.. Reisner Makes Important Discovery in Palestine. A discovery of vast importance for Biblical history is reported from Berlin by the London Daily Tele- graph. It 'appears . that Professor Reis- ner, who has been carrying out the excavations for an -American so- ciety on the ,site of the Israelitish capital, in Samaria, has unearthed a hundred clay tablets covered with inscriptions which ai•e believ- ed to form a portion of the archives of King Ahab, a co ntem ora,Y of the Prophet Elijaa, ''These inscriptions, which merely in quantity constitute the most re- markable archaeological find that has been made in Palestine, are not cut -.into the tables, but are written in old Herabic characters with the intensely black ink found oft .the ,Egyptian papyri between one thousand and two thousand years before Christ, One of them is a letter to. Ahab from the King of Assyria, who, Dr. Yahuda believes, was either As- surbanipal or his son, Saim.anessei• II. Another table contains 'a de- tailed inventory of the furniture in the royal palace, but further n ar- ticulars of the find have not yet beiomo known. Nevorthelessl it is evidently des- tined to provide Convincing con- firmation. of certain phases- of Old Testament history which `some of the modern critics have been inthe habit, of treating • as altogether: tr,vfhinna, EVOLUTION OF WORLDS THE ADVAIN CE OF THE NEBU- LAR THEORY. President's Address Before Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. "In the growth of science it is a striking fact that -the thought and strivings ef different ages have been very markedly affected," said Pro- fessor Alfred T. DeLury. "Thus, the assumption that the earth is the centre of the universe, held reinthe n on astronomical 'activity through- out a long period, rooted in an an- tique past and shading significantly into the age we call modern. So, in the newer ages of science, heralded by Leonardo da Vinci and Bacon, the distinctive mark is the demand that' knowledge of the world of na- ture must be made to rest on ob- servation and experiment. True, observation . and t iperiment were not new as methods; the great leg- acy of Greek 'astronomy standing a monument to the true spirit of en- quiry, but now they are formulat- ed and insisted upon as the final basis., THE NEBULAR THEORY. Passing over the earlier attempts to explain the Cosmos, the lecturer dealt with the nebular theory of La Place and its modifications to the present day. The advance in Physics at the present day has de- veloped many difficulties in the way of the nebular theory, and for this reason several attempts' have re- cently been made to displace it. The "Planetismal" theory advanced by Moulton and Chamberlain, suppos- es the solar system to have devel- oped from a spiral nebula, the re- sultant of the near approach or col- lision of two dark bodies in space, the impact or gravitational action on each other teasing them to piec- es and distributing their parts into a whirl or spiral of cosmic dust, and this its turn being drawn to- gether by gravitational action, in- to stars and planetary systems.. Professor Keeler had photograph- ed a large number of nebula, and he has found the spiral to be the predominating form, and this has been urged as favoring the "spiral" theory. Some astronomers have taken a kindly interest in this thoery, but the' difficulties in its way appear as great if n't g+•oat- er than in the ncbuiar theory it seeks to displace. The fact that spiral nebulae are scarce where the stars are thickest and mas ed to, gether, and most abundant whole the stars are few, is the reverse of the condition required to ensure frequent collisions. Another theory propounded by Dr. See, an emin- ent American astronomer, within the last year or two, called the "capture" theory, whereby the planets and moons are thought to be captured masses picked up in space, rather than condensations of a. -parent nebula, deserves atten- tion. MAY GO T00 FAR. In the various hypotheses that! have been advanced, there must, one will admit, be some measure of truth, but they may seek to be too conclusive. Not many years ago it was generally assumed • that the gaseous spectrum was a condition of high temperatere whilst g a now R'O know thatS s a eous elemeni• under an electric strain, without high temperature, will give the charac- teristic result of the glowing ele- ment. In the opinion of the great leaders of astronomical rcaseareh,. at the present day, no theory liar been brought forth that will ef- fectively, supersede the "nebular" theory. However these things be, enough has been, said to show that in the pounding labor house of space, vast. worlds are in making along the! lines of an all -embracing evolution, 1 the main features- of which we' grasp, but the final details we may' never know, As Bir Edwin Arnold under the eastern philosophy of mystery, asks: "Shall any gazer see' with mortal eyes, i Or any searcher know by mortal . mind! I Veil after veil will lift, but there must be FIG'S GORE IN CEREMONY' EXPERIEN OE OP TRAVELLER' IN PAPUAN WILDS. ]'educt the NativosVory Friendly-.' WOmonQin Off' Their Fingers. It was Dr. Lorentz, of holland, who made the now famous journey to the interior of Papua some months ago. Of one phase of that adventure he writes: ",Suddenly we came across a secluded valley of some 5,000 feet deep, running east and west, which, to our amazement, we found to be thickly populated, Since leaving the river there had not been a sign of human life, but now, to our surprise, we found na- tive villages along the whole lenge] of the valley, Our first eneonntes with these unknown natives occur- red early one morning. We were walking in single' file through the twilight, shades of the great forest when we heard mysterious calls, which we at ence attributed to_ hu- man beings. e OFFERED SWEET POTATOES. "tiuddenly a small' band of sav- ages, all armed with bows and ar- rows and stone axes, ran out from the jungle. ' and, - to our surprise, approached us . with hands out- stretched, offering us sweet pota- toes as a sign of friendship. Of. course, none of us had the leas+, 'knowledge of their language or the remotest idea of what they at- tempted to say to us, but they made signs which made it clear that they. wanted us 10 accompany them to 1 their village. On our arrival in. their village the people performed 'a curious ceremony by which the]. 'made us blood brothers. They. sacrificed a pig and smeared eack of us on the forehead with the crea- ture's blood. This proved a some- what awkward attention in the case• of our Mohammedan soldiers, but at my earnest request they finally, agreed to submit, provided that we. allowed them immediately after- ward to undergo ceremonial wash- ing. PIGS LY HALF HOUSE. "These ase people lived in little huts„ all of which were raised about ten feet from the ground, access being. obtained by a notched pole. These. little huts we found to be divided into two, one-half being used fon domestic animals—mostly pigs, who presumably also climbed the rough: ladder—and the other half by the people themselves. These natives are not dwarfs at all, and are cer- 'tainly not the same race as those encountered by Capt. Rawlings to. the westward. "We noticed that some. of the women had the middle finger of the, left hand cut off. We had no, means of discovering the meaning. of this, although it was clear that the mutilation was made during youth and not in their quite early days, all the children having their liands intact. Many of them,, too, had the upper portion of one of their ears removed." QUEEN ADDS TO HER COURT. - Countess of Minto Becomes a Lady - in -Waiting. Queen Mary has just added to the list of her ladies -in -wasting they Countess of Minto, just home from. India; also Lady Ampthill, sister of the Earl of Beauchamp, Minister of Public Works in the Asquith Cabinet, and whose husband, Lord. Ampthill, was Governor of Madras and acting Viceroy of India. The third is Lady Desborough, better known perhaps, by her former - name of Mrs. Witham Henry Gran- fell and as mistress of 'Taplow Court, near Maidenboacl, on the Thames. Her husband was known twenty years ago as one of the finest- athletes nestathletes in England. Queen Mary also has appointed four ,raids of honor. The first one.. is the Hon. Venetia Baring, daugh- ter of Lord ,Ashburton by his first• wife, the present Lady Ashburton being the forifier New York actress, Frances Donnelly. Then there is the Hon. Sybil Broderick daugh- ter auh - g ter of Lord o d $•liddl ate u by his first, Tat• marriage. The third maid of hon - who by virtue of her appoint - anent will enjoy the prefix of "Hon -- arable" to her name for the re- mainder of her life, is a daughter of the Hon. Mrs. George Villiers: and niece of Lord Clarendon; while the fouatll is Miss Mabel Gye, whose husband was for many years, British Consul at Brest and whose•.----.. father was Gen. Loral Bridport. "Yes," said firs, Higson to thw' lady caller, "our little four-year- old Freckly is a great comfort and help to ilxc n Why, h Oakes a care ef his baby sister as well as any nurse, Ile's in the next mom now playing with her. Freddy 1" "Yc;f,h, int,'' ''Ate you taking caro of little Oster 7" "k'eth, ma," What urn you doun '?" "Oh, roe platin' 1'se n ban?=c r, that's all, ,Ind Pie ,a:aavin' Iret+. w:/ 55011 r r