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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1907-6-27, Page 2Frt,17' 1' • , NOTES AND COMIYMNTS MOM -rail traneportellon Item ale el - ready in successful operation M some cOuntries, espeotally M Germany, The eingle reel le, however, high in the air, and the care hang tram It, Stioh SyS. tern hoes its advantages under eertein Conditions, but is bardly capable 0 ,general use, The new Brennan mono- rail car systern, which WaS eXhil'itea "e'• lore the Royal Society In LOndon a Week or IWO ago, is a (Melee of an entirely form of eheets 10 'metes Wide suet e different Iflud, The spectator gives a feel lone, Teme are cut Into strius eetelY full description ot ie which Is wide eteemell te cut Iwo Pens whose petuts interlap. enough to justify the imprassion of many In a leelure deseribing the process or the witamies that ,eveli when operated an export Mimed 111/Wlies says 1110.1. the In a emeieseoe meet itwee eneuee to sleet is anffeeled to a light cherry red far several hours, then gradually, coul- ee/ celled 000 of the lilted wonders of ed, witen it is oft enough. le Demi the world. efteily, The scale Ls removed by pfelfliug the thyl in a helit of diluted aeid. It then The 'inventor is no mere fantastic. The • e ethrough Me rolling /Mil the num- controlluble (meted,: which beam his eee!'" times du ,. peneing upon the thee - name has given witness to his ability, Imes deeired, The next step is to the and Ids present Invention is the result of culling room, where pen blanks aro 011,,t• nine,,thines; years of study and labor. The single rail which he uses is laid flat on the e„serti' `enellesee4le?,` leef",..14eiejeeilInnk e ueeu as earth much like a present railroad track. a guide in paseing the Meeks through His experimental car was six feat long sueceeding operations. and eighteen inches wide, capable of HEATED AND COOLED. carrying 140 pounds. Four wheels, two at each end of the car, all of them, of course, running tandem, were used. With electric power the car ran smooth- ly and easily at varying rates of speed. With ihe ear leaded heavily on one side, the tendency wees for it to not only keep Be balance, but lean slightly in the other direction. Sharp curves could be turned and on them the ear inclined a little in- ward, instead of outwarcl as ordinary cars would. HOW OUR PENS ARE MADE AN EXPEIIT EXPLAINS TDB MODE QF MANI/PA,CTUIRE. Mach Skill and 0 Lot of Trouble le In- volved In Producin0 Therm Pens are mado of good steel which os rich in earhon. It le imported 10 Pie These wonders were accomplished by the use of the gyroscope for steadying purposes. The gyroscope, which every schoolboy knows as a special kind of top, has heretofore been useful in deli- cate scientific experiments, and it has recently been suggested as au instru- ment which would steady ships during storms at sea. Mr. Brennan has pro- vided two gyroaeopes, their wheels or discs in the vertical plane and their axes of rotation horizontal. For hLs model car they were so light they could be lifted out and held in one hand. The Iwo are connected so that any angular deflection of one disc is communicated to the other In Me reverse direction. If the ordivary Loy gyroscope is hung at an The pens are pierced by machinery, some requiring but one piercing, others Iwo or three, the taller being More ex- pensive. From the piercing machine the pens go to the muffle room, where the blanks are annealed. Fifty or sixty geese of them are plac- ed in each lion pot and heated and cooled just as was the strip steel, The name is then stamped on the blanks end the pen is ready to be formed. Some pens have lo be cruelied, by whie,h process a little wing of steel is lent under them. If the pen is still soft 11 12 necessary te take it, to the muffle room and again beat it to a light cherry red and chill it suddenly. This process renders Lite pens quite brittle, so muclx so indeed, Utat, they otto be readily crumbled be- tween the fingers. Later on this hard- ness is drawn out by heating the steel gradually. As the temperature rises IL becomes mere and more tough, until at about 575 degrees it has the desili- eney of a spring. PENS ARE SLIT. By ibis thne the pen has become coal- ed with an oxide, which is removed by scouring or by a shaking process, toy which the roughness is gradually rubbed off. The next operation is grinding, some pens being ground twice, others three times, be some cases by hand and in others by automatic machinery. The pen next passes to the slitting angle from es point of support it tends room. This operation is a very delicate to "prerass" or swing around the point oesupport. This reed:Ion is what the in - Tenter depends on to keep his cars up- right. In a design for a car 100 feet long Mr. Brennan provides for six gyroscopes three feet and six inches in diameter, whicls are to revolve al 3,000 revelations per minute. Running in a vacuum it is estimated that lees than one horse -power will drive eaeli gyroscope. Any kind of power—steam, gas, electricity or oil— can be used. Mr. Efennan has shown that his prInciple is right. He has next to discover whether any important modi- fications are necessary for larger cars. Finally, his deviee has to be given the practical test in competition with our moment style of trains. It Ls Ida early to predict what the final decision will be, but the use of floe mono -rail where con- struction work Ls difileull, and ile use in military operations, where speedy cense-melon is necessary, are not al all //mimeo 1 ,le. LONDON POLICE. Use Their Batons on Very Bare Occa- sions. Londen police tliseharge !heir duties with such diectetion, heneely, and elle deem-, Ns to ramie/eel the approval of puldle. and the admiration of our &Helen visite". S) :old Colonel Sir leeward Vincent, M.P., before the Pellet/ Commiesion the other day. Sir Hommel ems appointee director of criminal inveeligation at &Memel Yard in 1e70, and has a close acquaintance with the world. On the use of the-teuncheon his views are of Demme "On the whole," he said, 'the truncheon is exceedingly , seldom used. It is the ohly weapon our pollee have, while in other mu/erica the poke carry a revolver, and sometimes a sword as well. "Aleetzl 20 years ago murders and at- tempted murder of the police were very prevalent, and there Wero as many as six or seven in a year In London. I took a vote of Me pollee In mil station as to whether he would like to carry a pistol, and although a few of the yeunger men answered in the affirma- tive, the very large tnejerily of lbe men of experience said on no account would they haVe 11, because it would involve them in too many dangers. env seen arrests rende in practi- cally every part of the world, and I say they are made more quietly and with greeter humanity in this country then anywhere else. The system M knee here el having polleemen of great physique tate a beneficial offset, because the pee saner sees at once Met resistance would • be useless. The Paris pollee am gam, ally men of small stature, and as a con- sequence they have to awe people often be exceedingly rough methods." , "That, Mertel is really a terrible bore, Ile talked last, night for hours, and only slopped to cough," "Well, I sup- pose you could get a word in edge- ' ways, then?" "Rather not; tor while be was coughing, he made signe With hie Mends that he wee going on Mier - wards." one, as the pen Ls now hard and brit- tle, and the slits must be cut cleanly through the hard steel without damag- ing 11 in any way. Atter slitting, the pens go to the reundtng room, where they tire made perfecly round and smooth, so that no matter at what angle the pen is held the paper wilt be it a tangent to ils surface, and there will be no ,possibil- ity of seeking or scratching. EACH PEN EXAMINED. Every pen 18 now examined by an expert, so that the faulty pens which have accumulated may be thrown out. This is the third examination. The pens now go back to the room in which the oxide Is removed to te polished by the shaking process. If they are to be colered they are placed M a tempering cylinder and heated to the desired color. The first, heat brings them to a light straw color, a dark yellew, a brown, O purple, and then a blue shade being otilained by increasing the heat. If the pen is to be left white, it is, of course, not re -healed. In order to preeerve the pen and pre- \ ent it from rusting, a eclat of lacquer is put on by 1115E1118 of mechines. If the pen is to be plated with copper, bronze, eilver or gold, it goes to the plating mom before the :thequering operaion is begun. Plated pens are now very popular, and they can be plated with almost any metal desired. READY FOR PACKING, The pens are new ready to go to the hoeing nom, where they are counted by ascertaining the weight. It will be found impessible to put a groes ui pens in the box intended for them un- it:see they ere laid perallel. In order to do tills quitekly and easily they are put in a ball cylinder and shaken. This gully places them in a parallel position. mod by a very quick move they are dumped into the boxes, whieh are then recely to be labelled and packed. A -native of Ayr. Mr, James Weston, who has Mr the past nine year,/ been ihe popular postmaster of Leeds. new re- tires on the ago limit, being 00 years of age, Eighty bencts have been engeged for the. London out -door eutionce concert season, which has now begim in the London County Councils parks and open spaces, Forty thousand vieifors paid for ad- mission to Shakespeare's house lest year.. Sixty-six coentrles were repre- sented. About 10,500 came from the UniMd States. Few people are aware that the oldest iron bridge spans the Severn at Coal- brealtditio, near tronbreelge, Shropshire. This bridge, whieli IS of cast iron, was built towarde the latter part o11770, or nearly 130 years ago. Tills is hew 41 pauper wrote ot Ilir- ntinghem Workbouees to a friend—% ls beautiful. There ie a nice Mlle stream al the back of the house, and some good fishing. There are three pub- lic; houses withiil five minutes: Ito fact, you Call SOO one from our place." A. witness at ()Melte/mall County Court on the 0111 inee, to whom the question was mit—"When did you leave this firm 7" pulled out his watch end opened the ease, Counsel --"I don't want to know the time. Tell me when you left the seevice of this !Wm." Witness-- "Thie AVM a presentation watth given le me when I lett, and it gives the date," ABOUT OM VACATIONS, Mr, DwInoblelon le Those Who Content - 000.8180m al Some. 'With the vacation season new rest approtechlag,' seid Mr, Gvelmbleion, "there comes up aS usual the question 01 where lo go; JAIL melte, this Is not se Important as It Ls,for us to deckle to go somewhere) and then actually go. Too many 01 110 wind up by deciding Mal wo won't go anywhere thls year, but stay at home and rest there; W.111011 IS the owned "stet° " enekt Posethle make. "l'he grand benefit of a vacation, though perhaps We do not all maize /111$, Ilea 00/ in the enjoyment we get out 0011 ut the ne1111001 101 11 the femme 11 OATS 115 kelt 0111 r0110110 WOrk alld surroundings, and Mal the very Ned and aided of nem oeed this cleume, Where we eliall go is net nearly so iin- portant es that ove signed go etenewhere, away Mem our familiar, aceustomed and sureounellugs. "Many it tired man has said le hen. self: lids year VII hike n goed rest in rainfert, et hone!, jliml clo nothing but rest.' but only to lind himself, vehen he started work itgain, about as tired tie when he quit. This beenuee really he hadn't gut out of the rut at all, Wog pleasent Io alt around end do nothing the first day or two, but after tliat it was the same old story and the familiar home surroundings, that through the year he had every day wished he could see more of, now bo- gie to be rather too familiar, and he be- gins te find Iziniself wishing- that lee had something to do. "You 50e, it wasn't, rest he needed eo much as it was a change. 110 Wanted to let up on the tension, drawing harder and border OA Ilan 1111'0/401 the your in the sanee way, all the time. 110 -e•anted to let up on that, and feel the joy of free- dom from that strain, and let the web that he had been drawing on all the year fill up; and he can't do tuoy of these things if he stays around home in the midst of familiar surroundings, for these alter the first day or Iwo are bound to keep up their old familiar Impre,ssion. "No, see What Ile wants to do is to mit, it. Go somewhere, anywhere, but go away, do something different; get a change, "There's what you want, a change, and it doesn't make Sueh all everlasting difference what sort of a change 11 12. "Friendly and kindly and comfortable does home look and seem new, when you hit It again, after what seems a long, long absence, and glad we are. once more to settle down in it. And next day we collar the work with a rush, "Remember 1 Don't waste your vaca- tion time hauging round home." GOLD FIND IN SCOTLAND. Notable Discovery in Old Copper and Lead Works. The remarkable discovery has been made that some old copper and lead workings in Argyllshire, Scotland, con- tain gold. It is on the Stronachullin estate, Loch Fyne, of which the proprietor is Mr. R. Grahatn Campbell of Sierran, that the ffncl has been made. The estate has an arm of about, 4,000 acres, consisting of grouse moor, arable and wooded land, and es situated a few miles from Ardrishaig. The presenee of minerals at this par- ticular spot has long been known, ancl the presence of old copper and lead workings shows that at one time an attempt was made to put this knowledge to profitable use, though little was done beyond proving file existence of various lodes. 11 12 forty or fifty yeans, how- ever, since operations weee carried on, and at that period Lite presence of gold was unknown. More recently the workings were ex- amined, and as it was seen that they offered More than metal or the baser sort, a sample of the quartz was taken end carefully analyzed. le was then proved Mat gold existed on this part of the estate, as well as copper and lead. The quartz so far dealt wilh has been Mund almost on the surface, and the analysis has shown teat it contains a very high value in gold, lout there is stilt uncertainty, as to hew fae it goes down, as no sinkings have yet been made. At present the whole project is in the preliminary etage, but it is under - steed arrangements are being made for amine 0111 with enterable certainty the extent to whieh geld really exists. A trial shipment of twenty tons of quartz was sent to Swansea to thel, the \mine al the discovery teem a COMIller- dal point ef view, and the ore met with it &catty sale. SLIGI•IT VARIATION. On sultry days our talk 0,011 choose, th much the evey we did of old; The ssme fleece epithets we'll use, But we'll say "1101" instead 00 0014." Though birds of these times have no teeth, pre-historte birds had, The hes- perorius ragalts, which stood 5 feet high, had teeth like those of a small alligator, the lower jaw being specially well tur- nished. "I have," said the lawyer, as Ile en_ 'Weed his condemned client's cell, "good 110228 at thee" "A reprieve?" eagerly exclaimed the prisoner. "No, not a re- prieve; but your uncle has left yeu $Z.500, and pew you ran meet your fate with the satisfying feeling that the noble efforts of your lawyer on your behalf wit not go unrawarded." A Wee, having long tried In vain to arrest it Quaker, at last resolved to adopt the disguLse of ri. Quakee himself, and so get (Meese La the interior of the house. Ile knocked acc.ordiegly et the door, in- quiring 11 15101(1 Aminitiap \Vila at 11001e, mod if he could see him. The houee- keeper Poke "Walk in friend, end he shall 800 them" The bailiff, dellgthed to have got Ithe mimes, was directed to welt; hut after waiting an hour he be- came impatient, rang (he bell, end said 10 the servant, "Time promised me I should see Friend Aminidab ." "No, mend," enswered she; "I premised Ile should see thee. 11c !lath seen thee, but he doth not like tbee." It IN MEMORY OF VICTORIA (MEAT NATIONAL T10131414 TO TSB 6.000 QVIWN, Menumeni Being Erected in London le Cost 51,214,000 --Twelve Tears to The slow progress 00 111,) great mentor - lel to the late Queen Vielornt, which is to be eroded lie front ef Buckingham Paiace, London, 1185 been the subject of pulite: critic:Ism from lime to lime, and 11. was elated some time ego (hat the King VMS bitterly disappointed that greater advancement has not been made, 'elle work has been in hand for six years, and lending se:Miters who are familiar Willl the magnitude of the 1111. dorlahillg, &Clare that it ,rannoL lie tinieleel before the aultuun of 1013, and Mat twelve years is net too long for the completion Or a piece of work of such An mei magnitude A fun stele/mut of the work already accomplished was laid before the King receelly, and after in- specting models of the W011( 110W in fiance he centered Wet he was fully sat- isfied. VICTOBIA '614NTIIAL FIGI1111?.. The prod:10110n of the meMorial 15 in the hands of He Thomas Brock and Sir Aston Webb, the former, of course, hav- ing charge of the sculpture and the taller ol the architecture or the memortal. All the seulpture is being executed in Mr, Brock's studio, The central figure of the memo/eel will be a gigantic statue of Queen Vic- toria, 13 feet high, (Messed In her robes of state, seated amid groups symbolical of the personal and imperial qualities whichi made her reign se illusleious. On her right will be Justice, on her left Truth, and at her back Motherhood. GIGANTIC TASK. On the cornice of the upper pedestal there will be eagles with ouLstretched wings, representing Dominion, and on either side will be figures—Courage the eight, Constancy to the left, making aa admirable foil Mr the great figure of Victory which will else above the whole. At the base will be four sbipsprows, lwo bearing trophies of the army and navy, and two others with fruit and flowers, emblematical of 'commerce and prosperity. On either side will be a great fountain, one representing Empire, the other Progress, discharging their waters down steps into a basin 100 feel, long and twenty-eight feet wide. The first fountain will be decorated with naval and military figures. On the other fountain a triton will recline. The enclosing wail, eight feet and a half in height, will bear panels sym- bolical of the British as the specially favored sons of the sea. Flanking the steps will be Hone and figures represent- ing Peace, Progress, Manufactures and Agriculture. TWELVE GROUPS FIGURES. The memorial will thus contain twelve great groups or figures and 180 panels. The pedestal, with its plinth, will be seventy feet high. The cost has been fixed at 51,250,000. It will he seen that this is a gigantic work for onernan, with three assistants, to do in twelve yeam. The Albert Memorial was the Nvorl: of a group of sculptors., hence its disappointing result. That Is Why the King resolved from the beginning that the Victoria Meinorial should possess the homogeneity laceing in the Albert Memorial, and it also ex- plains the SIM grOW(11 01 the AVOrk. "MOTHERHOOD." So Mr only two, of the twelve groups of statuary are completed, one of (hem, "Motherhood," being now on exhibition in the Academy. le addition there are about a dozen of the 180 panels ready, anti the Mime great gales which enclose the memorial are also completed. All the designs have been made, not only for the statuary, hut also for the splendid panels which are to surround Me fountains, se that If areebing were to happen to Mr. Brock, the memorial would still be carried out according to his original design. Sir Astote Weble is also near the con- clusion of his architectural work, so teat all that will be lacking to complete the memorial will be the statuary work. WHOLE W01111.1) RANSACKED. If, is peobable that the magnIfleent bronze temps that N•le. Brock has de- signed for the Precessimial road will be erected 80010 time before- the completion o1 the statuary. The whole work, in addition to being a memorial Of the greatness of Queen Victoria's reign, will he the finest modett week of art in the 13rilish Enapire. The whole woad has been ransacked for perfect blocks or marble, of which 350 tons were needed. At one time it was leaped to find a fifty -ton block of flciev- lees Carrara marble for the statue of -Queen Victoria, but elm iropoesibillty of getting a block of slide magnitude with- out a flaw, hes led Mr. 13tme1c to deter- mine to Out the statue from smaller blocks. —,e_ People usually have the blues atter skimming the milk oe human kindness. One thing that makes a man admire a women is his Inabllityito vas what she will do next. Under the will of Dr. T. 2. 130011011, Rath Royal United Hospital beneflis to the extent of £20,000—nearly his whole estate. Aunt: dld you Tammy 1 "Tommy I How cruel 1 why cut that poor W00111 in two?" "Ile seemed so lonely." Counsel ; "Come, sir, do you mean to tell me you delne see the complainant's pigs on ihe lend ? How near ebould you be to te beast to recognize it?" Wit- ness: "About the distance I am Mole you." , A man dropped his wig in the street, and n boy who was MIlowing erese be- hind him picked it up and handed it, 1 1 hitn. "Thank you, my boy,' said the , owner of the wig; "you are the first genuine hair restorer eve ever seen." DOW TO EAT AN ORANGE- "DEAR" Problem Solved In Vartous Ways Ijs Various Lands.. 1 m101)(31%115 111 111:11. ().141intreeltiob n. ve,rritfletrmiritessu0tIo SOIVe by describing the cuelmns of Var. 10118 CO11101.408, A grumpy old meal oill- cer is quoted as saying : "I peer to eat mine in a bathtub,' ilte undoubtedly in- dicated the difilcully which restrains ninny persons from attacking the lus- cious [run in nubile. The Italian takes his orange in (he most matter of ftiet way at any (moon - 0111y. him it is a fruit, not a. prob- lem. 110 is nol the victim of soll.con- seiousness, and dripping nngers or lips or even a golden stain 011 his 81111'1 13050111 dee.% 2101. eillball'asS 111111. SO Ile simply tweaks the skin, peels back an area 01 1/ alld biles 1010 1110 L101140115 pulp with Siolplo 8111eVilly. Mil lie does 11(11 SW111. IOW 1110 110$11 of the orange; 010,1' 1110 juice. No consideration of table nem - nem oveuld Induce lihn to tax his sto- mach with the fibre Mitte he had pressed otit the eweethess between les teeth. The trope/el countries of Spenish America are eredited with to mennee all Meth own of solving the orange propose thee 'neer frail is of the thheskiened, loosely* fell/ming speclee. An equatorial circle is drawn about the yellow globe with a deftness of Man that avoids all the fruity parts. The skin is then turned back toward the polar regions in the form of on inverted cup. Then the orange is out through. Each half stays balanced on the top of skin by which the operator holds it as he bites nway the loosely clinging segments one by on-e— first having removed the seeds with Ms silver knife. In North Amerlica, the German author- ity says, the majority of p,rople simply cut, the orange amiciehips ' with a knife specially prepared with a saw edge." Next a layer of sugar is plastered over it, 'ellen the pulp and juice are dug ont of the peel, section by section, with silver or gold spoons specially fabricated for • the purpose and known 08 orange spoons, 'l'Im United Steles is further credited with a way of dealing Avila the orange in combination, 1210011 atones for the wickedness of eating it with sugar. This dish is prepared by sktnning the orange thoroueiniee every Parliele of the white lining of the skin being removed. Then it is cut up and mixed with slices of banana and sometimes sleeps of sweet apples. Sugar may he used on this, and the dish is mid on ice until. it is very coke It may be flavored with a glass of sherry or a little rum or with a dash of maraschino. The fragrance and taste or these mingled fruits are a joy to the soul in summer. In Germany the orange is usually placed en the table whole. No man is ever known to tackle one, but some wo- manwill often take pity on her side partner, extricaM the fruit from th,e skin and share It with him. The German way is to pass the fruit knife around lhe orange from one pole to near the other several times, dividing tho skiu ,loto eight or tete sections. These are then stripped back like the petals ot a flower and the natural sec- tions ot the orange are freed from each other and spread out in the hollow of the skin, They cat then be detached WilIt- out a struggle and eaten without the shedeing of a drop of juice, In. England only the juice is used In petite society. The orange is cut in two and the attack is made on it with- a isnl)gl°',°ranne le.ttt hasitte110ase, cs0p0e00111103,1 ioar a Iliang e aeoant: sun-Teo:a of orangeade. This is made by squeezing the juice from the orange with O little 0(' 1110 aromatic essence from the peel, This is mixed with water, cooled and sweetened, and Is said to be quite as and far inpaetztmioutileaarliyttetruelustlitiaend refreshing perm*. Wiliam II. is bleynirtinliseadaftee.ii,)mavaenvaEgrne said to drink .0. goblet of pure juice of sweet oranges every night before going to bed, especially when he is on his yacht. PAIIIS.--FO—N:-OF HORSE. Said ie Have Eaten 10,000- Horses Last Year Because Beet is Dear. The consumption of horse meat for food hes greatly increased in France since the present inc•rease in the price ot foodstuffs set in. A. Parisian news- paper says that put ef 23,037 horses sold at the market on the Boulevard de IfIespital, Paris, in 1000, 22,702, alout 80 per cent., went direct to ihe Vaugirard abattoir, not to speak of hundreds of homes that were taken there dtrectly. 11 Is estimated Mat lost year Paris ele alMgethee 40,600 leorses or more than 22,0e0,000 pounds of horseflesh. in 4800 the consumption was less than 10,000,000 pounds. Bmides the low price there has been a demand for lierse meat because Itis supposed to be wholesonie in cases of tuberculosis tendency, Many people re- gard 11 as 10 general Inere healthful than beef. Its alimentary value is re - lorded as muclt lower than. that of beef, und 11 is said 1.0 bo much more liable to produce 'toxic effects If the animal was net In prinoe conditton when slaeightered or if the meat has been Rept long. 434 1415 ANNUAL PASTIME. "Going out of towti this summer?" "No; but, I'll have my regular relaxa. lion," 'What's that?" "Planning to go next summer." HELPING HANDS. Ile—Then It is settled that we are to elope at midnight? S1m—Yes, lie—And you are sure you can get ycur trunk packed in time? She—Ohl yes. Papa and mainma have both promised to help me. , "He offered mo 101 hand and 101100e:4 "Did you accept?" "No; the one was too big and the other too small." When te Woman Is unable to get, what she wants she tries to conYlnde herself that it Wasn't sverth having anyway. BRITISH ARMY 'WJCS AS COSTLY AS Tolivr 02 FRANCE OR GHBRIANY, 18 Tommy Atkins Cheap at Twelve Dollars Per Week 0- Ile Is Well Treated, Our "little British Army" 00815 12 great deal mow, men foe mute than 1.110 legions of France, Germany or Bussia, says all R1401811 131140r. LOok at, 111e5e 111/111118, 241111011 MO gWiet on the authority of Mr, itatdaue, out* present Secretary of wee Men in lime Annual of peace. Cost, United leingdome e '106,000 X25,301,000 France (102,042 32,170,098 (Immune, 014,258 30,770-882 Russia. ..... ...„ 1,225,000 39,87801 GETS inirrim 10001). Now, it we AVOrh 0111 01080 huge quee- littee of men and millions, we shall lind that the British Army Is; more 1111111 !wive its cosily, size foe /doe as Mel of France or Germany, and abou1 four times us ex- pensive as that of Ruesia. Whol is Ma meaning of it? Practically, the whole and sole expense. The explanation ie this—thal, OW' own lemuny Atkins is a great deal !letter treated than twe the fighting rnen of the principal European nations. Ile is given better feed and more of ; as a rule, better homing, and certeinly, more money. The tinily pity of Private Atkins is not, munificent, per- haps—in fact, We are male sure that ho could spend a Mlle more without get- ting fat or lazy—but even leis timpence oe elevenpence a day Is absolute ittifury compared wile tht farcloal wage meted ouL le the rank and Me of many of the Coutinental armies. TLITIK WORSE OFF. In Russia, especially, military glory is supposed to compensate a men for the alosenee of pocket money, foe the pay of many a private soldier in Mc legions of the Tsar Is a miserable hatepeeny or peony per day I Scarcely less penurious is the wage 01 1110 Italian "Tommy," fond, indeed, the "peace" army of linly, though considerably lamer than ours, is maintained at halt the cost. The Turkish soldier is perhaps, the worst ort of all, tor not only is his "pay" ridiculously low, hut for most of the Bine it is months and months in aerate. Yet thie has never demped tbe ardor el the doughty Metelem, who swings into action with smiting, oyes and a song upon Ms lips, every inch a "Ilmeclass fIghthig man," AllelY OF 5,000,000, The "peace armies" mentioned above du not represent *needling like the full military resoutees of the leading powers. Russia., in time of war, is supposed to be able to mobileze five znitlOns of men, though it is doubtful whether mere Man half that number could be raised at the present time. Clermany, if war broke out, could call five millions to its stan- dard, France nearly four ancl a half mil- lions, Hedy three millions, and Austria aiout two and a half million"; ; while even Turkey hos a nominal war strength of a millien and a hall. ' - AMERICA'S FORCES. There is one nation, and only. 000, 0•111ea spends proportionately more upon its army than Greet Brilain—nameiy, the United States of America, where to steed - Mg army, numbeeing no more. than 07,- 000 men, entails an ennual expenditure of eighteen millions sterling. America, like all the more civilized nations, be- lieves in reduced armaineols, and looks hopefully forward to 1110 era of univer- sat peace; and it nuty safely be es. sumed that in 1110 forthcoming peace congress at The Hague all her endeavors will be used on behalf of the reduetion of the huge war organizetions now maintained be all lite eivilieed poovem. 13u1 if peace brings happiness, what an earthly paradise should he Me negro Republic of Liberia, whieh alone among the nations of the world maintains no army whatever. MONKEYS ON GUARD. Lady Bropme's Description of Seine of their Tricks. The monkey bears lite same reputation the world over • he is keen for mischief, bid wary of delection. The same traits are exhibited irt Indla and in Arrive, What Lady Broome has to report. from Mauritius is in keeping with what other writers have told el Monkeys in Algeria. Her ladyship, 110WeVea, has observed scane Watts of monkey character which have escaped the professed mem/dist. Sho noticed that these erratures chose Sunday for the time of raiding the sugar- cane fields because on Mo1 day all the sleepy. 11 tram ihc 101110101..vaonfidcarheaftthlasscrdoe,ttiltvoghiaan stealthy appearance of the old sentinel scramble tumultuously up the bank, loattrexneseeut:teoatictielietie monkeys, who nest peered cautiously up, signal for the rest of the colony to wourindseedvaisa shlalellitityasedligshl the window or an upper bedeoem and' who evidently reconnoitered the ground thoronghly. After n few 1110 - Such games as then started among Me young ones, such antics and tumblings a cordon rouna the gamboling young Ptliniegs(11me the sentinels never re - vigilance. They spread like keit turning their horribly ssacrelgefdchtlit5;, wise humanelobleing heads Mom side to side inceesantly, only picking and chew- ing a blade of grass now and them The mothers seemed to keep togellme, and doubtless gossiped I but let my old eed perfectly harmless Sive terrier toddle zonal the center of the veranda, arel each female would dart bete the group of playing Monkeys, seize her property by lisanc111°qauresiclttelreg, thbpansstifiLeoevyere heeere18d110ftgidiee2W, she would lefteee eliseppeareet down the ravine. The sentinela had uttei•ed their warning cry direetly, but they always remained until the very last, and retreat- ot 121 good AoRdEosrdcori.N G TROUBLE. "Didn't the girl say .1 eme, "You settled depressed." "No{ she eald FOLKLORE OF THE SEA THOSS twrno TO OS DROWNED LIAVS "WAIININIr 010 PATH. The Many Superstitions of Viabormen and Others \Vim Llve Among the 1:11;g11.sflioNehr;en sea folklore 1.cliicL1j1j5)4111ullellYsi(sItc:tr1I21'newsnillis111)nssil111.11.1:ivnitilliveeta.f Itoving ,al sAplelin)dugniollgy4 gas'sl:Uullostoui.11,4)01'81;' ‘1,11•1?; nornielny 'Inc txunpanion, cm the era, anti Ihe menus by which they men a livelihood aro 11004 as 011111111? /IS 111e3' wero leareti,gni.1.1,1uarl;anlagaton, (11111'2*, lic1),)17‘o \o,^i att.:led gilt:gaols changes, 11, le always their friend and enemy. So their Mitchel: 'clings to there in spite of the feel lhal. even leugehare efe Is not quite the sante its it Wes In the day8 of beach commute/6* and "free trod - Longshoremen. as ferule, are fatalists, says the 1,0111100 Globe, and although nine out of len of them elle in Mole becle ashore, there is a general belief among them that 111010 who are fated to be drowned have a 'emoting of their fate and recognize ile inevitableness. S011ie or them are said lo be "called" by the sea ; a collate tulle In 11,e meaning has a speelat significance lo them, and when they hear it. a change comes over them, some becoming ellent and sorrowful, while others turn to dissipation and DROWN TIJ100I1 DREAD IN DRINK. There Is, however, another "calling of Ilia see," that toe a different signifi- cance, for 11, is heard far inland and ie said to 'melee a change in the wind and the direction from which it will blow. This is what Edward FitzGerald, wbo loved the sea and the ways of the men of Me sea, -described as "a kind of pro- plielle voice from the body of the sea itself announcing great gales"; and Ten- nyson. refers to 11 where he writes "Thete came so loud a calling of the sea That all the houses in the leaven rang." When the longehorenum sees "water dogs," that is, smell dark clouds in the sky, 110 'MOWS that, W01.. Wee Ilife IS Corn. ing, and when be speaks of "Wilmot weather" he means the boisterous kind or weather generally experienced at the beginning of March, about, the time of the annivensary of the Batiste saint Win- waloe. Whatever the weather may be, the 601- eiency of a caul is not yet disputed by ninny crab catchers, shrimpers and sprat, fIshens, but many years of lifeboat \eerie have disabused the longshoreman's mixol or the belief that it is unluelty to save a num from drowning, Good luck, however, attaches to (he //lighting of a tired "herring epink" or gold crested 15051) 011 a fishing boat at sea, just es Ill - luck is foretold should the bird lio a cuckoo. On different parts of the cease too, the fishermen have different, mascots, gen- erally' SOME KIND OF FISII that is rarely met with, and when caught is dried end hong over the stern of tho heel. Gloat good luck also atiache,s to Me catching or a eitirtg" herring, wily recognized by its bright red fins. When a "king" is caught it. Is, or was until recently, the 'custom to return 31 alive to the 541 11 but not until 111180 bon passed amend Itte scudding pole toe many Mlles as the fishermeo desire to get lases or herring dr their next haul. 'elle ghosts ot seamen who have been 110111:' the coast for leek of help are raid to be heard shrieking on stormy uighls. At Sheringliane 011 the Nerfolk coast, the boo/mien have a nente ot their own for suc11 woeful spires; they call them the "Yew Yews." Soinelinecee necording to the Sheringiutm Crabbers, the Tow 'Tows walk the hen,ei:dait)etio(i)gril:mt, leaving no footprint on the sends. To the same neigeherlix that fearsome canine apparition black Shuck. to encounter which means that you will ditl within l20301030 mouths ano at (trainer, on wild winter nights, the hells of the vanished village of Shipden aro Ski id to be heard beneath 1110 5481 "BeIIsBeioisf 0,Sfletiptdend bens at Shipden Pealing dow0ligtiut,'ad°i-leatii anges, Pealing high end low ; When on earl!' ye fleeted tipwatel, syhee a taonwgs blenllicsesoeini a van is h AL the suurise glow." HUNTING THE WREN, In numy pates of the eounlry the old custom of "bunting the wren" wee in practice until a 1031(1111 (1(110' Go 51. Ste- phen's day the boys would go out end held about 111to bushm 1111111 they found a ween, which when killed was suspended 111 a gruland or (en a massive pole and 'carried through the village, contrtputions being solicited at, every house enel a fea- ther of the bird given in return, Stich feathers wove enuch 111 demend among the fishermen, for they were believed to he a sure saregenrd emotes! shipwreck. Another belief, 01111 current Mong shore, is that a dead kingeshete If suspended by a place of string, will point its bilt in the demotion from which the wind blows, Of plant lore the henchman knows little, probably because the yeast, flora is (manly compaeed with that of the woods, fields, and meadowe; but almost every- where it is believed that certain seaside, plants have speung up from foreign steeds washed ashoze from wrecked ves- sels, Though Presbyterianism cannot be Meld to be strong In London, it, te news to some to hear that, there tire '72 eongve- gations theee. Adentral Sir George- Granville 'Men- dell*, died on elm i81,11 itIl. al, Ms resi- dence at Brighton, aged 80. Deceased 'served In the Crimea. The new tribune strainer VIelorle creeeed from Dover to Calais eel Ma 11th Ina, in 40 minutes. The prevent/ record Was 50 intrados by tho inviele. Dr. Preston King, 4 Balb (Illy Coun- cillor, describes the mineral waters aa the city's 'Staple industry. The Importa era cripples; the exporte healthy, people,