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Home My WebLink AboutThe Brussels Post, 1906-3-22, Page 6JOHN BULL MUCH ALIVE HOW GMAT BRITAiN BEAT 1fIU19 'WORLD IN 1905, • Trench and American Boats Driven Out British Railways aro the Best. In past years there has been a very de- termined bid, mainly by the Americans and French, for the 13t'itish boot trade. During Iho year 1905, however, rho gen- eral public have shown so decided a pre- ference for the home -manufactured ar- ticle that French and American boots sad shoes are scarcely ever offered now- adays except in the invaders' own shops, says London Answers. There has recently been a very marked Improvement in the class of machinery installed by many of the. leading boot ' manufacturers, with lire result that BrI- Join not only shade very nearly every boot worn in this country last year, bul aatually exported 0,100,000 pails for for- eign and Colonial use! It is worth noting that one secret of our success is that manufacturers Have begun to slake fewer styles and wider range of sizes of boots and shoes, thus giving retailers a better chance of sup- plying a customer with a boot which fits perfectly. WASH AND PHYSIC THIS WORLD. at Southampton. ft is 875% feet loaf+ and 90 feat wide at the entrance. 1t can hold 80,00 tons of water, which can 'be expelled in two and a half hourb. With the dock's own world's record is connected another. It is iitted wits the biggest eleotric creno in existence, This crane weighs 800 tons, and lifts 50 tons at a radius of 87 feet, OLMPIA'S MAMMOTH, CARPET. The biggest carpet ever made wits laid at the London Olympia, for the motor -show, in December, 1005. It pleas- ured 03,000 square feet, and was com- pleted with a rapidity which speaks well for British labor, being only for months 111 the making. The first instalment of this monster carpet was taken to the Olympia in thirty-seven panteohnieons-a praceesion which allowing a reasonable distance traffic t elween 1115 vans for ocher to piss, stretched a distance of web over n mile. This carpet, if cut up, would have been big enough to cover 487 Moors, measuring four yards souses 4 WHY SHIPS GROW IN SIZE In 1905, as usual, we beat the world in the matter of soap -making, for we exported no less than 1,240,000 owts. within the yearl Considering how com- paratively simple the processes of soap manufacture are. this is a very wonder- ful record. The Briton abroad, if be no- tices anything at all, cannot fail to be struck by the thoroughness with which foreign tonins are placarded with the fa- miliar names of English soaps. He notices, too' the eagerness ernesS w' th with which foreign chemists stock Brit- ish pills, ointments, drugs, and patent medicines of all kinds, which we export- ed las( year 10 the value of one and a half million poands sterling. BRITISH RAILWAYS THE BEST. One would have thought that any big railway undertaking lin Central America would go to American engineers. De- spite the disadvantage of England's great distance from Centra] America, how- ever. the reconstruction of the Tehuan- fepe.o Railway, which is 190 miles in length, and connects the Pacific and Atientic oceans was entrusted to the English film of which Sir Wee -linen Peerson is the head. British steel rails were found to be the hest. and the British plans and materials for the harbor works, upon which 830,- 000,000 is being expended, were also so far ahead of those of other na1101)8 that they might ahnost be said to have bean unrivalled. British enterprise has arranged, too, fora 1145( of eleven steamships, averag- ing 10,000 Inns each. to conect the reii. way with New Wel: of the Atlantic side and with the Hawaiian Islands and San Francisco on the Nettie. 1'This." says Sir \\'eetman Pearson. "is going to be one of Uro great routes of the world. Ti will compete with the American trans -Continental railways, and will divert semi of the traffic tint new goes round Cape Worn and by life Suez Canal." BIGGEST BRIDGE BUILDER. There are many things which make the Zambesi Bridge, declared open 00 September 12111, 1005, the greatest 119• tunph in bridge -building on record; and 11 was boor designed and constructed in England. it spans a point near the Victoria Falls -which, by the way, have put Ni• agora quite in the shade -and is 420 feet high. The successful aeomplishmont of this Tremendous undertaking has won laureds for the Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Company, of Darlington, The bridge is aver 1.000 nitre from Cape Town, and nearly 1.000 utiles from the nearest available port -Beira. lienee the difficulties of transport alone were sufileiaut to make the project seem to be scarcely feasible. Nevertheless, the entire undertaking was completed within six months, and the cost was kept dawn to the very modest total of $350,000. LEAD IN TURBINE STEASIERS. 13111ain has led the way In the metier of pulling turbine steamers l0 a serious test. While Germans and Alueri,'ans were t111810ng about the possibilities ilities e,f the f owners of 1,C 1 Line u s line t turbines, • itonnlships launched the turbine steamer Victorian (10,000 tonsl, which ((,sed the Allantic 111 March, 711(15, arriving at al. ifax, N. S., on April 1st, The second turbine st'ilmer to crime rho Atlantic was the Virginian --oho British. in Juno last year she steamed from le ovillo to Newfoundland in fuer days and four hours. On December 131h the huge Conned • Inner Germania, of 31,000 tons, ended her maiden voyage neross the Ailentie and the whole of the foreign press were loud In its praises of 1114 I,riliah fob, sight -and enterprise which heti realized dare tine,; the einem gem rating 0111" a dream which no other nation had 101'0„ and is 0va0ily Irtt 11111105 mala vow - dared 1,0 put to the test, • erfuh She, will lull form times es much •' !'urbinevesseiswillbe the greyfi0lflds a) Duna 1)11(11 the speed, Rud -et barns of the future, and Brits)) builders are lint. 35 (101000 of. (1111, ins, Ihan a 11111111 fax ahead •of others both 710 regel'ds I'ut1 8onh11efi11, to •pull a baht weighing .15o 0)1119 speed and Tepidity of building. loins a toile in sixty-seven seconds. II •LANCASIIIRE'S COTTON RECORD. it any wo11(lee, then, ihnl the, rainelin COmpaines prefer big engin++.s, tvhil;h du IL had' green tented in recent yanrs that s0 rnucll work with 0c, little rood? foreign cotton -spinners (erre beginning to beat us in an industry which lied ONE -LARGE C(IEAPER THAN TWO been believed to be "safely British," The. S11.t1,f„ %GCen1 great Increase of exports, both of TOE BEAUTIES AND ECONOMIES OF BIGNESS. Reasons Why Steamships nave Grown From 133 Feet Long to 704 Feet Long. The launch of I3. M. S. Dreadnought, which breaks all records of sae: in bat- tleships, shows the tendency of all kinds of carrying craft towards bigness. Steamships of 40,000 tons displace- ment, locomotives weighing 210 tons, sailing ships with seven tousle, houses twenty storeys high, gigantic, cannon, tremendous machinery, , and the to nden-.Y of everything to grow bigger eT CaC1 suc- ceeding years A craze! cry the old-fashioned folk. Where will it end? What is the good of it all? But it Isn't a craze -not a bit of 111. In spite of the sneers of these people 1V110 are always crying up the "good old times" and crying do,vn modern pro- gress, there is good sound sense in in- creasing the size of ships and outer things. Bigness may not be always outwardly beautiful, but it is truly eco- nomical, and instances of 111e time, money, and labor saving qualities oil size are to be found on every Band. Take ships, the products of human bands which have grown more rapidly than anything else during the past half century. Wily have steamships grown from the Clermont, 133 feet, 190 tons burden, 211 horse -power to the Oceanic, 705 feet long, able to carry 20,000 tons of cargo, and with engines of more than 50,000 horse -power? SAVING IN COAL. RANCHING IN THE WEST FRANK CARPENTER '1'AKIiS A LOOK AROUND TRE RANGES. The Great Country Where Beet and Pork are /Used and Poe 110rses are Bred, Calgary Is the capital of the cowboy country of the wild Canadian West, writes Frank 0. Carpenter to the Chiefs. gO Ileoord-1'lerald from Calgary, Allier- te. What was once known as the great American. Desert extends feom 510111a114 north into Canada. It comprises a re- gion inure than.tWice as largo as Ohio, running from the Rocky Mountains east- ward, devoted to grazing. The land though semi -arid, is covered with the richest of grasses and it is now superb ung hundreds of thousands of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. According 10 the last census there were a million cat- tle in Manitoba and the Northwest, a little more than a third that many hors- es. 77110 about 400,000 hogs and sheep. I. arge herds are now brought from Tex- as here to be fed and more than 0,0,000 beeves were shipped on the ]roof last year from Calgary to England. Just north of this Is a dairy country where they are establishing creameries with government assistance, and where they expect to raise butter and cheese for British Columbia and the Orient. The inost of this country is now let out on government leases, The annual rent is four cents an acre, but the grass is so thin that it takes twenty acres 'o feed one head, and the government will not permit more than that average num- ber to be grazed on any of the ranches. Here, in Canada, everything is under rigid government supervision. TIIE MOUNTED POLICE The reason is very simple, in Me fleet place, 1t is much cheaper to build one ship of 200,000 tons then two of 10,000, Therefore, if you have 20,000 tons fit cargo to carry, by all means build a 50,000 ton ship. But this is only the beginning of the economy which a big ship brings about, You only need one captain inslead of two, and the big ship carries little more than half the crew and engineer Flail which would be necessary to 111710 the two smaller ships. The bag s111p caries much more cargo than two of half her sue, because her engines do not wen- py nearly so much space, cnmpa'atively speaking. She burns rather less than two-thirds as much coal as the two smaller ones wolfed consume, and fur - Hier and very considerable 'economies are effected in su01 expenses as harbor, del*, and pilot dues. Minor, but still weighty, eolnsidera- nouc are that a big ship is safe(' 11350 a smell 0111), besides being immensely more comfortable for passengers. One of the inedern 700 -tout ocean giants stretches across two waves et 01100, and thus pitching is almost eliminated. 'there is also less vibration from the engines on a large ship than on a smaller one. SEVENTY YE:\RS' CII:\NIIE Another feet which is greatly con- tributed to lite. growth of steamships - which has, indeed, made, this enormous Mamie() in size possible - Is the im- provement in nmehinory, due to better tools, better metal, and consequently increased stein pressure. The weight et the engines of a modern steamer 14 less thein two -(birds what 11 was half a Ito 01'n y ago. . 'Trete land h'anp,p0rl, 1111,1 the . story 1 (110 same, It is not 11101'5 foolish rivalry 01111(11 1)181(01 1110 railway c onpadee ap pear to vie rine another ns In Wllioh ren turn out the largest loemnelivo. They are actuated purely by motives of eco - 11011)y. This is particularly true In the ease , freight trains. The companies have foetid by experience tint the larger and the more powerbl the locemr,tive the (bleeper it will be to harry a Ion a rune. `rhe, locomotive of 1487 tuns about 18 It. lung; the giant of 1905, iurludIng len- der, is about 00 feet, The halter bas 1111 yarn and of nlnnufachmed mitten Ineidenbilly. 11. 11740111 1101 mentioned 1?)ods, shows, however, that Britain still ,beats the world in all Imrnlches of the notion industry. During the len months, ending October 3181, 11103, we exported 109,250,1100 lbs, weight of yarn, and 5,112,810,500 yards of cotton (,ince goods, In both 048455 these figures allow alt on0rm0us increase on pr0viOus yea's ,expo•Is, and, despite the most deter - efforts of German and Anwl'binrl sphlnel's and manufnetnrers to secure the trade, 011)'' own nit)ls 11401) More 0!- 'eers on hand Ilan they can ,eclpe with, and now mills ore being' erected all 0001 Itineash1re, IlleCORl)5 AT SOUTI1;Y5t1"fON. The year just ended saw T)rilain brat BSc world's recordin cleek•em)struenoa 1: October Mt, the most, romaxkabI" ,.... designed Was Onencd that 111(iS ie algin !rent 0 111(1uy effected both in i,hor and in lubricating nil. No "\\e d, n'! 1x10'( to raise corm. We mailer hew big rt lneomolive is, she bevy, vine.), eats 11101 b'lr103', 511)011 fit only' 1100(10 Lwn men be week het', ^r the 1, f 11••01 i, now 1115,14 at w-hnn(. just rho sane tis the original llnr.kel, and ns far nil, she, leek very 111110, 11 any, nitro than one of the small, week, ok1•rashloned engines, A truck' i11nt mulles ea fens is else (hare easily loaded 1111n1 live mf len Inas (1 is 11111011 cheaper I4 Wild mid patrol the ranches. They enforce die 5 sr' h n"ainsL diseases s 011(501( f 1115 cattle protection 0 � an0 !laving dipping stations lvher0 011 the stock that conies into the country 10 examined and created to prevent the in- troduction of Texas fever and other plagues. The police have veterinary sur- geons With chem and they watch care- fully all (little from the united States. Most of 1110 stock raised hero is well bred. One thousand dollars is by no means a 111911 piece for a hilt, and there nee cattle sales at Calgary every year which compere favorably tvitll any in the United Stales, The favorable ani- mal is the Shorthorn, but there are many Polled Angus and Galloways. The best breeding males from England, and there are soon, 00m01111100 who make a specially of raising choice heel for the I'ng}ish market. The Canada Cattle Company, which bas •10,000 head on ifs different ranches, ships its ski& on 11Te -hoof to Englund. The animals are all grass feel, and lila sanitary reguiations are such that they must be killed with- in o' 111 days after landing m Great Britain. Otto of lite hest knnwll ranching men of the \Vest is Palriek C. Burns of Cal- gary. Ile Is the Armour of this part of the world, and is sometimes called the cattle king of the British Northwest. IIe e:hipped 3,500 carloads 0f beeves last year. and 110 has now about. 20,090 heed i° his yards, 11e has a big trade with :Manitoba, British Columbia and Alaska. At the beginning of 111e Klondike gold disentrry lie got 81,000 apiece at Daw- son for oleo's, and as much as a dollar a pound for beef on the hoof, Pat Burns mune to Calgary about 25 years ago, end began life by plowing up the prairie at so much per acre. Ile turned his savings into cattle, and lot them graze. on government lands. its he ma00 more money lie bought more cattle, and, to 11101(0 a long story short, IIE IS NOW A MILLIONAIRE, cod is growing richer end richer. 11, as in his etlee in Calgary that 1 chat- ted wilh this man on cattle raising. Said be: "There has never been such a country fee nnev making as phis. All we tare had In do has been io turn the cat- tle out en the. prairie and let 1h0m grow into gold, The climate is 511011 that they Dan feed mit of door0 1111 the year maned and the grass fattens them almost as well as grain. I am now shipping stock to Liverpool, which have never tasted corn. They are grass fed, and their flesh is hard enough to staud the voy- age.' Nut as well as g1•ain.ted stock?" ask- cdT. "Perhaps 1101," was the reply. 'But they ,''oi Toes to rare and they aro fel more 1 alone' to us." w, It1 y °\\hut m you get for a good steer, Ur. 1 aur ' "A fours fit for the market, will 1n!ng 8111 hero," was tIm reply. "\\'bol will It soli for ill I.iver•puol?" ennrWy-I`ve Or eighty" it costs just client. 8:10 10 get 1l. there. for we must send II 2,01111 lulle.s 11y rail aid pion (,000(.1 the Alleuttie Ocean. elle people who betide' such cattle oxpeot to make (17 or SS e 111••((1." "I1„w (001,11 do snc11 001mals 1,001911?" "I have shipped mine' which have eve1: gad (me tat each, mel ice sell thin - deed); which weigh 1,900 peons. Suoh beasi0 ern entirely grass fed," "11111 will not 1110 stock 1,us}ue55 now fall off( 1 11udcrslalcl that the ranches aro being ma up inln farms," "3'ao, ilia( wilt b0' the ,05m, will, rauOlin9 pure end 81111)10, alllieugh stn0k rnhsnl9 will intense, 11, now takes ten neves o1 wild gross to Sllppnrt one steer; on the farms the Sartre, land will sttt9''or•I len. \\ 1 have new about 150;• 0001 rattle in 11114 Vh iniiy. • We s6a11 111 111111)}" 11000 '1,5110,000," "11111 wail hind of Med cat you velsn fur i,elleeinii .Iur-k? Yen aro too fa' illi f l (0111, who recently tried the experiment r f fattening hogs with wheat. }le .had sixteen and he fed them on wtleat that cost 70 cents a bushel, Tho hogs fat- tened so easily that his trivet, turned into pol'll, netted him .$1,25 a bu0h0l. Wheat at 50 cents it bushel will bring far more 10 pork or beef than at the elevator'. "Barley is another feed that makes god pork," conthned Mr. Burns. "11 grows well. in Canada, and 11 will, to n largo extent take the place that corn does in the United Stales, Our barley fed hogs will bring several cents more per pound than your corn fed Bogs. I expect to see a barley pori( packing cen- Ile grow up here," "Does Canada buy much of your meal?" "Yes, we get most Of our pork from Chicago, and we are also having veld to till 0111 our shipments to England, All your meat that conies here pays a tar- iff of two cenls a pound, but even 111 that your packing arrangements arc of such a vast scale that you have sn far been able to undereeft us. We ore also importing poultry into Eastern Canada from the United Slates. I brought i') 25 c5rio005 of hu'keys last. Christmas, Eventually, we wilt raise these things ourselves, end we Will be shipping fowls direct to England." One of the largo stock businesses here Is horse raisin¢;. 1 sate thousands of horses feeding on the prairies between dere and Medicine flat, and passed large herds on my way north to redeem - ton, The horses nee fine molding, 'file day of the broncho and the brenelln busier have passed, and 1110 01111)111)1 now breeding are handled by the stook - men, so that they are comparatively tante when ready to break. Nearly nil the hest -known horses are represented. '!here are C1y0es from S4allan0, thor- oughbred Shires front England and Percho'ons from, France. Some of the ranchers are raising trolling stork, and ether's park saddlers for our (ill' mar- kets. Robin Adair, which recently took the first prize at the New York Horse show, 10118 reared just outside of Cat- gary, neerb there 1s a Markman € Y, Y who has 1,200 la0reberon mares. 'Thera are stallioshows hero eery year. and tier compare with fele cattle shows In quality. I drove over the prairie to 1110 ROBINSON MORSE RANCH]. This is devoted to rearing Clydesdales and Shires for the tnarknts of British Columbia and Eastern Canada. 'These. horses arc in great demand. in the min - mg regions, some of them going as iur neigh es Alaska. Leaving Calgary, we drove for several hours over a rolling prairie covered with cluck grass, now Cm'cd 11)10 ]lay. it is brown on top, but green near the roots. The (101005 feels 111 suet) grass an the year round. They are pastured in the midst of the (anter, even whim the ground is covered 101111 0110W. They par the snow away with their feet, and, as the cowboys tall ale, conn out flog fat in the spring. Tho ranch buildings here consist of a dwelling worth perhaps about 82,000, a barn the size of a country livery stable and 01 number of corrals. '1'11e horses live of the prairies, and the buildings nee comparatively cheap. The owner' 11 this ranch, although lie is w'o'lh 5:100, 000, lives as simply as the ordinary store clerk of one of our cites. Ills house here is comfortable, but not pretentious, and during our call his wife apologized for her appearance, saying that she had just come from superintending ,he dressing of some hogs which had been killed that morning. She chatted freely 0170111 her ranch life, saying thal she preferred it greatly to that of San Fran- cisco, where her girlhood was spent. In a that 119th Sir. Robinson about Poise rearhng, he suid "Our horses tole care of 1he0selvee. We grew them for part of -1110 year o1 Ilse prairies hero near the Elbow river, and later on drive them to the fotltills 0d the Rockies, \\herr. we 1100 another large grazing territory. 5''e find it first to let the horses 'thistle for themselves. They come out stronger and are evorlh more then grain fed stock. "We formerly paid considerable at- tention to breeding, keeping the stock up for that 4urpo0e. Of late years 100 have turned the stallions out with the horses and let all hustle for thmnselves. \Vo divide Lhe horses tq1 lido droves 0t about 50 each, and giro every' clI'ov'a a all to keep in repair than Ihe, Iwo snmler. ones. Wherever you turn you 1104 Mr seine thing that 11- is far cheaper 10 build r01IS11iu1.t onto large bring Mari Ino shell 0(,05, dumper is run it, cllonper to keep it in repair, '1'o give Ynono more instnner out of scores that ((right be quoted. rwn year's ago isle Edinburgh - Corporation openedole v gas -works at 1)1.1011511, which cost T'he 1, r enings and rough wheat 1(11' save,] 111 (roil 1111,1 the ealil4 GBAY,l-, ON 'flits S'rUBnr.E, wend le tut, 111. !.+ lore profitable IL; feed i1, 11111 Noll 11. 1 )now a melt !be elven is 4111)1 of 98,900.010. The re- 1o1.I•hw.,e is (11e largest, in Ihe. world, 1,1111 0m1 '"1111111110) 1,004 tn0 of noel a (ley, 11 seen0 101(11 ('1l'rlengn114r, lo's 11 114,1? 11111 1i,hn! The runny Pm•por5- (inn folnl,1 flail at ihcl end of the 110,1 yel(vs meel.ing they 118,1 ,aced 501111. 4cf.,tl;unu oe er (.heir (metier ❑101111115. d)nee Ih;d nal pPnr the hr4utie . of frig- 11117.. Peursol's 'O'ceklly, Manton, keeping the droves separated Tor two or (11.05 Weeks 40 allow them Lo beeon0 acquainted with each other. The animals are then drivaa together into one herd and they PASTURE iN COMMON Every stallion, however, w111 take care of his own mares, Ito will not fellow any of the others of his sex 10 come near (hem and will fight for thong nn the slightest prevocalic/11." "What breeds of Horses are the most profitable?' 'We cnn mete more money from draft horses then from any others. I have about 300 four-year-old animals \elite)) will weigh about 1,500 pounds apiece. 'Those (horses will bring 9440 a pat, and they are far easter' to raise than the thoroughbreds and require less trouble to train them for the market." "`What breeds are your draft ani- mals?" "They are ehielly Clydesdales. 1 like them better than Ilia Pereherans. Their nubs are cleaner and they are better for general purpose horses." "How are they broken?" "We have a little 1•Oub10 as to that," replied the horse rancher. "1 have one boy who has broken more than 1,0')1) horses. We first get thele used to the halter. This is a matter of a couple '1f flours, After that we hitch lip each ane - 01a1 with a quiet old stager and drive lite team about for a clay or so. Later still we harness the horse up with an-, ether Horse of the seine age. whin)) we are training. We put on the brakes and let the colts go ns fest as they please, holding tight to fele reins. The pulling of the wagon seen tires them out, and in short time they are ready for gon- ers use." 1 would say that the Canada (toly- Y.oy is a far morn orderly creature Mian his American brother. Ile lacks the pic- turesqueness of our frontiersman and be neer dashes into the beltlemenls 10 shoot up the (0)008. The System of mounted police which prevails through- out Western Canada results in 9000 order being everywhere kept. The 1'l is a Id n 1'rs are regularly v , it d end 5111(10 t 1'm g Y thieves 1110 vigorously punished. In- deed, I,he general oiler in both town and country Is superior to that of the western parts of the United Stales. THE STORY OF NICKEL DEVELOPMENTS OF A GREAT CANA- DIAN INDUSTRY. now In a Compartively Few Years Can- ada Became the World's Great- est Nickel Producer. The value of metals refined from Sud- l:ury last year wed over 012,000,000. The production of gold in the Yukon at the sante time was only about 45,000,- OUO. Ontario produces Cr0111 ole -11411 to three-lifllls of the world's supply uC nick- el. 1L wilt soon be the wo1.1d's great producer of cobalt,. The largest depos- its in the whole world, so Car as known, are to bo found in the vicinity of Sud - eery. Probably five thousand people, directly and indereoty, draw their Ih0Ing from these ores. 11 is only twenty years Mee the ores were first discovered there lho story of Canadian nickel stale then es one of the most interesting romances associated with the history of any in - mislay. The earlier chaplet's tell of many hearl-testing difficulties. here and there 1111'011911 11)0 Sudbury district are 111011111011013' monuments of human failure, of ambitions checked, of 10011.11- Iended efforts that. have gone wrong. There are also the nl=nonlculs of suc- cess, and the inscriptions on these, for those who take the trouble to read 4110M, tell a remarkable story of pa- tience, of endurance, of indefatigable en- ergy, of limitless faith and of final IrI- 1111p1). The story of 111017e1 is worth 1a1 - ling as a slo•y, aport from the import- ance to which the nickel industry has attained in these 'later days. THE WORD NICKEL.. And, at nest, a few words with refer- ence to 'nickel itself. no derivation of Bl'1111 SIGN: r.nrr;vr Timmy. 1'111 sure, g, Holly lite es 100, l ler Grottier. -.Why? Carry(' -'-Cha asked No last night how much papa.wa 110 op 1wor115d bringsdovtl uspla11yed0010 10It 1110, 11111011 11ot 1 d)0ayr11 wh1 prominent part In the earthly affairs o mankind than he la credited with la' day. About 150 years ego, in cam of 1110 copper alines in Ge:0any, an ole, war discovered that had all the (ppearall ii of r 'e; 1101,, dwhat1,111,113;w•11111i withcappeIt, 1115ol'sm011015 010 ihns4 0(111(1 gal-^min110ors 0011(1111'arescioonut of50411,111. 01(1 to ll. 'l'Iie Cerli1n miners 150 years Ingo were Sllpel'0I}limns be stylar011' lious. They imagined they could hear the kobilds, the pixies and the (montes at w9t in th111110when Ilio sme14c1'8o1reporeted th1;at 11,91turd (04401' ore 00111850 l0 ylrkl lull 11041 1'r, i1 (vas 011 ea9y and natural 0111111101011 tial. the 0.04901' (1110 been 1,OWneha,l, 71(1. miners, therefore, caned it the "lolph'r- nickell" or 01d Niok s temper. There ere mare derivations, but they are not u"nr- ly so interesting, arid perhaps fie more reliabble, Cobalt, a word 10(111111 has be. - 0011(0 80 fallrniar of late; 1s said t( be only another form of the hard nebula, a German gnome or 0011 spiel!. The spirit 01 science was at 0(1'k even a twine), ago, and so while the Old Niel: eeplanutloll might satisfy the cre- dulous miners, it tens not sutii0tent for (hose who were acoutdo1ncd to look gni rarne natural 0111(;1' behind men the most mysterious phenomenon. ('ron- s14d1, the German chemist, ba,1111 a series of experiments with 0)71 51115 copper, and finally sueeeeded 111 (snleliffg a metal which w118 quit( different from 51)40(1 9 tett had been seen 1,014 re. 11 w'OS 11at, e, upper; 11 (nuked more e (a 1,' 1,1'f: 11111 11 wits not silver either. it was ho lodger necessary to believe that it w'es obi Nick's peculiar property; and, the name steak to 11 and it is 51111 klunvn as 1,341 01. A few years stlerwares another (hem- ist discovered another metal which had not been isolated before, and 110.11:80 of its hidden qualities ft was tolled l;obold for the reason 8hrcndy explained. SUBMARINE NEARLY GONE. Crete of the A9 Ilad a Narrow Escape From Death, Submarine A9 had a na'rQW escapa from ()Mester off Plymouth during an 111540(11101 recently. '1'110 Snbnla'ine was struck on the starboard Riau, while subgiorged, by 1110 Coalh, a oar•g°- sinatncr outward -bound, The crew of tits submarine were con- siderably startled, and several Wan' thrown to the deek. The water-tdgllt door of the coining tower was, ei 001055' clotted, and the collision was net of sut- ticlent force to 110 1.11r•e the plates, el - though several were dented, The ung rudders were immediately put up,. and the submarine rose to the surface, rind proceeded to her moorings k1, the - harbor under her own motive power. Tho Conth afterwards left for 'l'arquay and London. When the collision occurred submar- ine AO was ten feet beneath the surface of the water. The steamer, after etr90109, her, passed right over the vessel, with- out, however, touching her leak, In- side the submarine Wein eves naturally' 11111511 alarm, as a severe shock w05 felt. This was the first Intimation of the grave' danger in which the submtu•Ine was placed. The crew remained perfectly cool, and tho submarine was broughtlo' the surface as gu101dy es possible. Be- yond the dent in the conning towel', the submarine was undamaged, an0 na w•ulec entered. 140 301.1) BECAME CfiBAIa', the name by wheel the ruiner+11 le now ]mown to the world. That an Ontario v 'L 117711e; lu ' r should oto Ilen 11111 town 1 1 I L'01111111 demon , In aY 110111(00 n little strlinge, lull slieh seems t0 be the fact. Amen;; the earliest »eines a<:,l1 li(I d with the production of nickel le that of Ste henry Bussey \'Irian, of Swansea, \\'nips. Ile succeeded in producing nickel from Nol'tt'oglan orris, tart only sn small quantities. An that \Vaa v0110101(- ly known about his process eves fMet n lot of "salynixon" was 11501! 111 it, what. ever "anlynixon" alight he. Joseph \Vllnrton stoned a. factory at (leaden, N. J„ 10 wort: up (110 nickel ore (11s0ov- ery at Lnncas)er Gap, Ira. Wharton knew nothing of what Vivien was doing 11ut worked on a prneess of 1,(s owt'n, fie p-0(100ee a fete tons a month of a very poor product, which eves held at a fancy price, and could not bo used on flint timonne The first of this metal seen tin this cnnit1101)1 was at the Centennial in 1870, when articles mode from nickel were exhibited as curiosities. \Vherton Isoduced the only ticket made on this side of the. Atlantic • for about thirty years, or until the discovery of nickel ore al Sudbury. The story of the (lisem•o1y anis the dm veloinnenl of the nickel deposits ill the Sudbury districts has Wooly of the n,'i" cssary elements of romance. The ore wee first discovered in a culling an the lnnh line of the C. P. R. about four miles northwest of Sudbury, where the. Murray -line now stands, The story of the discovery, as 11 is 51111 tolyl 17' the people of Sudbury and topper Cliff 1; as follows: Judge McNaughton, as he, eves called. was a slipendnry nlagis- e was id. one Irate inn the Sudbury district. fond of rambling In the woods, night, liev1ng failed to return to his home, the report tuns circulated dint le was lost, A searching party wets form- ed at Sudbury, then n hamlet in the woods. He was found 011aut four, miles away, seated on a little knoll, mut ap- parently very much engrossed In 1715 ex- amination of an out -crapping of j'o1low mineral, that. looked like capper ore. This, so tar as veracious hlstnl;y can say was the nrsh discovery of nickel Iii Can- .nda. The outcrop was 0000) p01l into what is now known as the Murray mine. The people were more mlrrelserl in copper than they were in nuke( 1,n those days, however, and so Copper Cliff, NOT NICKEL CLIFF, is the none by which the station through 1)0411011 of the C. P. R. a alining town adjacent buvc conel known. The news of the discovery abroad, and soon large 1111111 prospectors were pushing the 111 the lad the :to bo speed :CS Cif way through- whet wo.s t11011 a1 h. pone - liable wilderness. Many liii Mont 01 1ppillgs were discovered, lmillnl - the eeriest known being the Ono r lei or rho Hama of he ad ' subsequently b C l y l mofile. Slncdona d. T'h.a story rho development of';4�, nickel wealth of Sudbury district even more interesting 1.5101 tho story 11s discovery. in 188(1 Slr William V( t }forma Sir, George Stephens, Sir Chnrl s Tupper, Ste loin A. Macdonald, atrl(1 echo's whose mimes Were known widatly either 10 politics- or finance, visited( the piece. hero was an opportunity for Canadian capital nodi. Canadian enter- prise. unio'lalnnloly, 111) members 11 the distinguished) group were net sped - ally 9111011 with foresight. 'limy wore interested in whit( 110y sew 0(1,1 110111'(1, 11101 of the meaning of it. they app41511bly fled very Jalle idea, 'They ens le, they saw -11111 03 wnt, 110100 ngl1i19 5(111 1110 nilly evi(11denceeof 01)011' trip 101111 stlil rennins Is the mane "Indy Mncdoneld,' 1:y which ono 01 the title lakes in the neighborhood is still (010w11, It would be Lolly to Winne (hent for 114,11' innbil- 11,7 to ,see into the future. AI that time hat 111(10 eves laativn of ni01(01, and scarcely anything of its possihllllios, '11 is curious to note, however, Iha1 ilie ,\1101'10018 Eton Ohio, '(0110 '(1.0 10(1 Sad- bury 0(111'101 ahoub, Lho sane limo, np- penrOd to have been mere favorably ho' pressed 1>,y what they .8(110 1hn11 the Cam edions were, Perhaps 011ey had 50410 0.181011 d1 1110 future; perhaps they were willing to take n. 01101100, Whatever the 0xp15n01ton may be, the fact is that a group of Ohio men -Judge Sle0Onscot Burk, Santee II. !3, Poyne. Air. Il, P. McIntosh Mr. 'Phomas 'Correll and others -010r n dhareugit exploration 'of Mlle country. deckled That there was 50me• tlling, thereworth while. They purchased' a Meet( of 1510 In 1110 vicinity of , Stld• bury, end ot'gnnized 111(1 i;nnmlian Cap• far Co., wllIi a eepllal of 1(52,500,000, happiness 1145 hcen (105) 01('11 In sn lgarty dldthereill ways tint 5 nunihar of ortlt paoplo l,5ye doubts as le ns f•5xisten°0„ • BULL 11ELD UP A STREET. An irate Irish Bovine Slopped Bellase Car Service. An risk bull --not an eccentricity of speer)); but a real live bull of consider- able physical dimensions fuel undoubted violence -110d up" one of the main' streets of Belfast for half an 10111' rec- ently. Getting beyond control, 11 enter- ed a protest against the electric trap, service. On" m0l nail scoffed at tile' Men. Fenny n fie teem -ear bol g n bas like is. ei v4 nl, n 11 tt ,1 a 111 dismayed d Forward 111011)1°1,`flrove itis ear. 17°'enrolled animai looked sut'piised,. snorted, lowered his head, nnci Crashed' into the vehicle. Applying the brake,. the delver skipped swiftly upstairs l0' the roof. After that, for some Line, the olselrie tram -car system was "'Nesting." Pedestrians carefully kept out of Lhe' beast's sight. Meanwhile all the china dealers -will' a cautious regard to the old proverb - and many other tradesmen closed their shops. Slaters became so critical M. last that it policemen brought. a 91111 and shod the inflamed aliniel, 1110, bullet passing tnernigh the hull's skull, cutting Off a button Irons n. hyst.ander's colt, and smashing a plate glass window. 10 RATTLE IN A BALL -ROOM. An Incident of the Carnival In Austrians Poland. A serious fight with swords occurred during a ball at Lemberg on 9'tlursdny night, when many students were' wooded. The carnival was being celebrated 'n AusIrian troland under dini(111111's, roving to the Polish patriotic societies having' passed resolutions against the tlol0lng of the usual bells, as a sign of mourning.. for the nllissacrrs in Warsaw and else- where. Severn) dances which have been bold in Lemberg in spite of this have been. forcibly b1'Oken up by students. Thursday night, while a hall of the stale servants was being given, a large' number of sl.udenls forced their way in- to the 11411 and summoned 1110 dancers to disperse. Unfortunately, among 111) latter wenn many prison wanders and other ()Metals who wear swords with their uniforms. Tlleso drew their wea- liens and furiously attacked the Innen tiers, who fought with 91i01(s and chairs. Finally the intruders were dl'1ven off the promises. The girls bound up the 'rounded with thele handlorchlets un111 the ambulance and the pollee arrived. A large number of 111(0810 wore made, and, of course, there 1Va5 110 more danc- e DOCTORS ON STRIKE. Death .Rale in Lower Austria Rises - Chemists and Druggists And. The striae of the parish doctors in Inver Austria has been 1011oweJ by en alarming outbreak of scarlet fever and 010asies. Inasmuch as the dockets re- fuse to do more then report the new eases to the Government the i1,•• ase 1 deo, sato has been very high and is tepidly grow- ing, The palish (Motors etcetera thin the fee of Tour cents allowed by the Govern- ment for each 01180 of inf1111.1ols disease is Insullicienh A detailed diagnosis has to be nuido to the authorities in well ease, and the doctors declare that they nv0 (requonthy out of pocket in conse- quence. '1'hoy firmly refuse to Treat any cases until better pay is pl'omisad. The Gov- ernment threatens them with dismissal, but private doctors have promised lo de- cline to take their planes if called 114011 by the authorities. Inepired by the dodoes' strike, the ehaniscs' and dr119915(s' ossistants at Ahhnzia are refusing to fill prescriptions unless given baler pay. THEY NEVER FELL TREES. Most of the Spaniards dislike to telt trees or cut 1100 timber of any sort, and' this feet perhaps accounts for the );inn( Imes of California, The Spaniards, 1010 ceniuries ago, pushed their way through alexia() to California, -and, 51100 the clearing al paths through the denser forests, nob a twig did their axes cliop. down. Nor d0 the Spaniards transplant. act to the New World over destroy tu- ber. They continue to build their house's of stone and mortar, 111 great ex• liens° of money nnci physical exertion,. when Umber in 0(11undanee. surrounds them, out et 10111011 they could construct log houses, .as did other pi0neel;s, at n rrinimuln of cost '0811 labor. The Spent- ard does not even 1011 trees fe' firewood, but Melts 1p dead limbs es they 1101 lo 111° 9ro11nd, or pulls them from the trees with his lariat. -. A girl never .iikes to 800 s. ya)ing o090 she adt111r05 sgua1der this money '-' urn other girls,