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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1906-1-4, Page 3aliilk's 'NICKEL MI ES. An Ainerdcan Correspondent Writes About the Biggest Mine in the World. Tl o a nickel out .of your [Mae,. NOW suppose you had a pile of niek- els as big as the natlenal caplol betiding at laaehington, and that they were all packdd Solid in a'greet hole in the ground. I have just eon meket mum out of which (111110. o 11iC1k01 we bigger than the capital hae already been taken wiites'Frank G• Carpenter from Sudlivesy, Ont to the Chicago llennrd-JIereld Ihn miners aro working away there to- day, and they SILOl have millions of tons of nickel in sight. Thin wee at the Cveighton mine, about tweise miles from Sudbury, the biggest -nick- el mina in the world. Only two places have been discover - 'ed so far on our great, reined earth where nickel exists In large qUant!' ties, .0no Is bere in Canada, a few, 'Miles north of the Georgian Buy, and the other is away 'down below the equator off the eastern shore of Australia,.on.the opposite side of the world. The Meisel of this Lake Superior region lies In the earth somewhat. RIM iron ore, It looks like Iron, or rather like braes stuil you sometimes find in coal. It is a combination of nickel, copper, sulphur and iron, and It is fonnd in mighty beds or pockete going down no one knows how deep. There ere nickel mines at Co, per Cliff, about four miles from here, which are now 1,200 feet 'deep, and the ore, 18 still rich and plentiful. The Creighthn mine is apparently Jinx- hauetiblo. The vast pit from which the one has Moe quarriedduring the past tWo or three years is about 300 feet wide and 890 feet long. It looks like the mouth of a volcano mid makes me think of the 'Boma volcano which 1 visited in the mountains of eastern Java, But this Creighton Seine is by no means the only nickel deposit here. The ore is found in ever ffireetion, and the supply Seems to be ALMOST INEXHAUSTIBLE. The Creighton mine , and those at Copper 01111 belong to the Canadien Copper Company. This is a branch of the International Nickel Oompane, or nickel trust, which owns -20,000 acres of nickel lands here; mid svhich bas a monopoly of the nickelbusi- ness of. thls continent. Indeed, I might say that It has al- most a monopoly of the nickel of the world, the output of the French mines being Mach less than that al . Canada. It ships between 14,000.- 000 and 15,000,000 pounds of nickel matte annually; and itss product last year was worth more than $1,000.- 000. It .bas the largest nickel ssmel- t r on oarth, elicl it has about the only process that is successfully nsecl for getting the nickel out of the matte 'after it comes from the smel- ter. Et is this Process which gives the International Nickel Company the monopoly of the business: Fer. all practical purposes only one nickel company is operating •here to- day. This is the International Nick& Company, which is a combination of the Canadian Copper Company,. oper- atieg here, and its associate com- panies of the' TJnited States; which reduce the matte and handle the pro- duct. The coign/my has a a/spite:Ilia- tion running high into the millionS, and I understand that it pays good dividends, The Canadian Copper Company was the first to mine nickel in Same quantities. It was organized by Ohio parties' in. 1886, thechief incorpora- tors being Cleveland nion, among ' whom were Judge Stevenson Burk, Senator Henry B. Payne and others. The Canadian Pacific 'Road had made bare tlie nickel deposits' several years before, but no one had looked upon the ore as nickel, and it was consid- ered valuable only for the copper it contained. Tho Ohio company sub- scribed two million and a half dol- lars to its enterprise and began to work mines at cloplier CHIT for the copper in them. They eent' part of, their copper to New Jersey, and cin - other part to Wales. The reduction works at New Jersey lookeil upon the nickel as of no ace/it:int and let It run °IT with •tho slag, while the Wales stiletto% paid only for the cop- per and kept the nickel as a private rake-og. YTELDS A GOOD PROFIT. After a short time, however, the Canadian Copper Company disc/tarot- sd that the nickel in their ore Was hir more valuable than the copper, and since then nickel has been the principal item of profit The Sul Miry region is a nickel countre, and the copper in it is not covisiderela Tho ore now being taken Rano the Creighton Mine carriee about 6 per cent. nickel, 2 or 8 per cent of cons per, about 40 per cent of iron and 25 or 60 per cent, of sulphim, With other stuff to make up, the balance. This equals about six pounds of nickel to the hundred, or 120 pounds pee toe. At the selling price of 40 cents a pound each ton of 01.0 tlielt- fore contains about $47- worth of nickel. A ton of ore width has One ounce of gold in it Pays won for Mining, mud :omit .are yielde only ti120 per ton. Tho Copper Cliff smelters ere of enormous size, Through the kindness Of 'A, P, Teener; preeldent of the Canadian comp:nee, X haVe boon able to go through them dude& me stay, The ore is brought 10 on. Imes from Creighton mine, which is eight miles &Way. It Is fleet crushed and goodie lad, and Uwh epread out In great hasps 00 bode of Cord wood to he roatitad, Heedeeda of tone of the toatse Me aro piled upon the wood tan! the fitter ote dust spread over them- Item fire is started and the. ore gradeally burnt eaveY day nftOP flay far a period or two months or more. This roasts mit 15 or 20 per cent of the melphur. There .itee in tete neig•hboehood of a thousand miners, employed here t v the One:Ohm Copper Company, Dee might reeppose that they would be in-' I ittred by the sulphur femme ; They nee, on the eontrarY, LIS healthy 1 ee guy pc0p10 in the world. The chit - 1 dren have nosy cheeke and the miners i are more healthy in appearance than ' those about Ilittsberg or Bette Cita, , MOIL. . 1 shall not attempt to lleeeribe the process of reducing the are in the furnace. The smelter covers name 1 Eterea and its machinery Is all of the. jrnast modern inake Plverything is . areanged to save manunl labor ' and , the ores aro reclueed at the minimum . cost. At present the company is l cora- streNV cting 110 W011(8 In addition to those 110W in use, and a waterfall . tn en ty-eigh I. mil es away is I gee e 1 equipped with machinery which will , giVe the company 10,000 horse -pow. 1 ea The output at tbis wilting is about 700 tons of picket matte per I day, which, at 300 working days in 1 the year, would make something 'lee 200,000 tons of mato annually,. All this• matte Is • sent to constable j Rook, II, J:, whore its varieue ele- ments are separated by the Or'oeil I process, ,and the nickel of commerce is Ihdde. ' NEW USES FOR NICItEL, During my stay at Copper Cliff I had a chat with David 11, Browne the metallurgist of .the International Nickel Company, about nicael an the new uses for it. M1' Browne -hes been connected with the Canadian Copper Company for the past fifteen years. ale has been working success - fatly innickel all the time, and he knows. as notch, perhaes, about It as any man in the countey. In speak- ing of the similarity of nickel steel to meteorites, Mr. Browne remarked that it had practically the same com- position as the latter. "A in.:tear ite, said he, "might be called a part of a shattered world. which has shot on through space and fallen to earth. The discovery of the process of making nickel -steel was by an Englishman named Riley; who got the suggestion from a meteor 101010 in Greenland. This meteor was OD i nznense mass that had fallen from; the skies ages ago and was veneratedi by the Greenlanders as god. The natives W01'0 wont to hammer splin- ters from it, and make them into spear beads and hammer heads. They accompanied their work by prayers to the god, and found that Miele spearheads were liner than any that they could get elsewhere. A. few years ago Peary, the explorer, toms one o f these meteorites to NW eYork, i and t is uow in the center of the arch...of the Museum of Natural His- . tory, on Seventy-seventh street. That meteor is pure nickel -steel, and the splinters and the hammer -heads of Riley hoard of these discoveries, and the Greenlanders were nickel -steel. I this gave him the idea which ended in the new metal. I think it was Tyndal who first made it pub'icly known that the meteorites contahmd nickel -steel." "I -suppose the chief use of nickel Is for nicking suth steel, is it not?" "Yes; although there are many other manufactures into which nickel enters, The beauty about nickel - 'steel is that it combines exceeding toughness with great strength. Cop- per wire has great toughness. A needle or a penknife has great strength. But it Is only nickel -steel that has toughness and strength combined. This makes it especially valuable for armor plate. ARMOR PLATE FOB WAR S1-1TPS. A war vessel with a hull. covered with steel or iron would be shattered to pieces if one of our modern shell,: should strike it. If the armor plate is made of nickel -steel it does not break. The great projectile makes only a dimple in it, as yon would in a pat of butter if you stuck in your finger. This property of toughness is added to the' steel by Putting in 3*, per cent of nickel while. it is making. All the ;wee vessels of to -day were plated with that composition. They have an ar- mor -plate of nickel -steel about eigh- teen inches thick. Such were the plates on. the hulls of the battle ships of both emintries in the Rus sin -Japanese war, and the shot which was employed in the several engagements was ainsost altogether niettel-stecle' • • "Is the metal generally, used for other purposes?" "It is too costly for ninny uses," replied Mr, Browne, "but it is em- ployed where toughness and strength are a necessity. It is largely used on the railroads, whose there are turves at the bottom of steep grades. 11 a heavily loaded freight train striae -a such a curve there are only two things which hold it on the track, and those aro the flanges of the wheels and tlic heads of the rails, lit the winter time the rails are apt to I become brittle, and when the train, rushing down hill, strikes them they, sometimes break, and there is 0 S wreck, For this reason nickel -stool is nsed at such curves, The Horse Shoo Cutve of the Penesyntania Raile road; for instanee, is made of that kind of rails. The nietal is also now employed in bridge building, The new etenhattan bridge will be nlatIO ot it. It is going into many of our largo aratetinent hoeses or other tall steel buildings. In this case it is' 50 per cent stronger than ordinney steel; the result is that lese metal caa te used or with an equal weight the Mit Whig Call have double the strength, Niekel-steel does oot ex- pand or conthaet like 'common steel, and fer thia reason. it is made Into clock pen'dulains, whieh 'rebid be of the same Irmgth the year round in order to luta° the right time. Indeed, it Is 'minable tor marry things, and 111 w311 be widely used tia it grows cheaper.," P011, COINS AND (MIER Pall - POSES, "Row abba Our Meisel Wine, Mr Browne?" 3 asked. "Are they made 0+0+-0+04efa$0±0.+0+04-0 of the nieltel that /entree from here?' "Partly eo," nee the reply. "All the '11101tel they contain is from our utinee. ' They ore sally one-quarter nickel, however, the rematudef• being 0Little Johnny pure, copper. Indeedo there le ouly • ab1Alt one-fifth of 11, cent's worth .of nickel In a 5-eent piece, Nickel Is worth abed 40 cents a Paniul, While copper is worth only .about 15 0011111, So you see there is a nice little profit ire money of such composition, . "There are a TOW 001.1111riCri WhICh 1100 1)1110 /110,0 tQr their coinage," eentleued the metallurgist, "and 11111rfl; them are Belglein and Swita zerland. •The smatter of the Belslan 'collie are of nickel with a hole thr0 1,01 1.110 Water, In °Mee {tint they nia,y not be talon for silver eolns of a higher (tenfold/nation. Nickel looks like silver, but it floes net tarnith and does not get black. The East Indian goyernment is now considering the Liao of nickel for its coinage, and a few blanks with holm; in the center Ithe the Belgian come have been made, T.110S0 Cail1S, how- ever; have not been put into circula- tion, Incense Rhos Edward,e heaa ls to go on the colts and his majesty naturally objects to haying a hole punclasl through his face. For this reason the new Indian coins will pro- bably be sold. "How about nieltel-piatingl Mr. Browne'?" "That was 0110 Ot the first uses of nickel, The metal does not rust, and a thin eoating Is often put over othee metals on that aecount. This is done by hanging the things to Le plated in a solution of nichal, in which a slab of pure nickel metal is hung. A current . or electricity is sent, through the solution in such a Way that a small a111i01114 of the nickel coats the other metal hanging in the solution, making it rustless." WHY SOME PEOPLE mkony. Queer Reasons for Entering Into 'The 'State ot altdrimony. The inajorlty Of people enter Into the bonds of Matrimony .toe the simple reason that, thea, entertain feelings of affection for one another. HOWOVer, this Is not always the reuson for giving hp the state of single .blessedness. 'is NVO,S. rendered evident al, an inquest held recently at Newpoels One of the tviiriesses, in the course af the inquiry, stated in answer to a ques- tion, "I got married so that I shoukl have somebody., to look after me when 1 happen lo take too much peer." Surely this was one of the meet curious reasons for inarrYing. Another extraordinary reason for tak- ing the fateful plunge was that given by a'Yorkshire collier. Like all colliers, he had a dog of which he was vein/ fond. He said that he could not, bear to think of the poor animal having to slay by itself while he waS al work, ao he mar- ried an old woman, "so that she could look after the dog, and keep it from feel- ing lonely." Far more romantic was the marriage of an aged pensioner of the London City Police. The old man had beers nursed for months by a girl, who had done her best to make him comfortable. Her loving care hact gained his affection, and ills only regret was that he could not repay her for her kindness. He had no money, and whtle thinking of this a happy thought struck him. The other day; es he was dying, he married the 'young girl. As the widow of a pension- er she Is now entitled to a pension of 8125 a year for life. In addition to curious reasons for get- ting married, there are always curious reasons for not getting married. Onc. remarkable example Is that vouched for by the police of Cineinnati. It appears that theee are two lovers In that city who have been engaged te be married for the lest fifteen years, yet as the time pasics away the marriage does not seem more likely to take place. The postponement of the ceremony is not Inc to the bashfulness of the pros-, peony° bridegroom, nor• yet to 1110 01)8051 timidity of his bride. No romantic vow prevent IL, and nobody has expressed any desire to forbid it. The explanation of the apparently mysterious ‘cese is very simple. The couple•haveericit been able to get married because during the, whole fifteen years both have never been, out of prison at the same time. Another extunple comes from Hun- gary. A young man was paying court to the belle of the town of Debreczin.. As he was handsome in face and a suit.' able husband, the young beauty 61)' proved .of him, with a fatal exception.- ! he was bowlegged. She declared she would never marry, but the affair ended satisfaCtorlik. The enamored swath. %Vera 1,0, 1,110 local hospital, and begged as a favor that the doctors W0111(1 break his legs and re -set, them; so that they. would straighteri. They did so, and after a long period of suffering lite lover lett the hospital, not only with straight limbs, but also with an additional inch in his height. The marriage then took place. 4 -04.0+0+0 -e -34 -0t0+0 -40+o+0 "You have always been a feell" saiit the young 01111T 'l'lieii 111 It hlll'11t3' 01) 1i18 11, felt that he would Re to drag that im- pulsive, troublesome tongue of his out, by the roots; It was the Rest time lie bad spokan 51 crossly to Ins pretty, troubled gni. wife; bet hp was sadly irritated un I annoyed. "Yes, I suppose I have," said the wo- man dully. "But you Ifniew, dear, Ilia I when" -- her lips treMbled - "5111 '11 Johnny died 1 tleelared Mal were I 05 51 POOr I would never deny anyone whe came lo me in want." "M,v clearest," lie said huskily, every vestige of temper gone, from his face I 0,11 sorrY-refily and truly sorry 1)111%0 11 1 15p1.olfe harshnly to you. leiss a 1 8 "Of come," she said quietly. "But you Iceow, Horace, it was so cold and miserable outside; and he looked se wretched end so old, I hedn't the he'l'l to turn hen away. And really I didn't wan' whet I geve him." , "Bite my generous lithe woman, yem know the dem. sald you must ha el good, nourlshieg things, and as mat- ters standwif,h us 1-1 really, am not able lo buy them twice over.' "You must not think of doing so she said quietly. "1 would really mueh wither go without I suppose the des - ler is right. bill when I think of the wily our little :Johnny must have stiff ed. 1 feel that his mother ought to suf- fer too-•---" $be slopped in a flood of leers. "Don't be morbid, precious," he Mile- p1076wd..” "Johnny wouldn't like that yin And he kissed away her tears, and comforting her fnrgot Inc the time that, so far as he was concerned, the ceiroik was, very black indeed. F,W th trete e fates were terribly unkind to Bennie Welliershy just then. Johnny itbilod4110selbl entoileragerly in himself. A foo' the sunny little Ind lind wandered away faun a careless mime - girt. and for a week his distracted pipe eels could fled no trace of him. Whal he was discovered. he was a pitiful lit- tle emacialel wrecic. and it was pia n from h's childish bahbling that he hal begged for food during his absen3e, that it had been denied him, and that the &mitten liend who bed thought to make 115e of lam for begging purposes had thrashed him for that he had ask. ee, ' From 1110 lime he was found there was no hone kw the rescued little one, although the feel was carefully kept from his mother. Naturally delicate an I always pelted and indulged on that ar- canna the weeks' torture he had eerier- tinneed had had the most serious effeets on his constitution, and although he lingered on a bed of redo for ennui ime, kind heaven al last released hen. , Sunny -haired Johnny died - foully mui•deeed by a villain who, leo lazy to work, wished to excite peblic gym- palhy and extort alms by dragging (thee!, a starving, beeron chile. I That awful time merked a trensfnr- Malian in the erstwhile cheery Florae° ,Wethersby. He grew morose, earetess innd insolent, with the result .thal, his employers -.a limited company, wIll !made nn allowances for broken hearts . and agonized parents -had dispensed with his services. And so it came about that they were reduced to their last few shillings. His last hope -an appeal to an ec- centric, taut well-off uncle -had nee with fsigid Menem and so, perhaps, it, was natural thel he should lie irrItatsel • by the discovery that his wife hail giie en away the nourishing food of which the doctor had said she stood in neat, (1 11 bectgar at the door. But these two loved each other, eci tar as husband and wife were concere- di, the shadow soon Passed tlwav, ahd, in spite of the dreary present, they were soon talking hopefully of the nature. 11 wee as tholigh the Mile one it, heaven hed smiled down on them. And he may have smiled upon Ike eccentric and well -eft uncle, trio, fer next morning e letter came for rfarace from which a £5 note fluttered to nil ground as ho opened it. And the let. ter which accompanied it read as fol- - "Dear Nephow,-tfell Miss Wethersby flint beektea wee excellent, enclelhat a.1 kind heart is far above rubies, f shall visll you to -morrow, with particulars or nn appointment, which. 1 think, win 51111 yambut nal, In the clothes I wore to -nigh te, "And 1 bullied the 11111e woman!" neutered 140,rar.e.ecrusbilig Ilmn letter n his hand. "What a cad I west" 'rho peceliar manner in which his unele hed chosen to make his welcome, contribution le his sadly depleted nines did not surprise Mimeo. Tilt old fal- low wag a well-known eecentric, and il was not the firS1. 0000aial on wince he hnd been known to play the pale sif more or less amiable modern Hamm al Raschld. "Emmeline," lie sheeted 10 his wife upstairs, "you entertnined all angel Un- aware last, night!. Teat beef -Lea an 1 stuff you gave away last night is like- ly to prove the best Investment yotl ever made In your Wei" And leaving ber to puzzle out what on earth he toultt 1116011, he forthwith ensiled Mit, and startled the shopkeee. firs of the poverty-strIcken neighber- hoed by insisting on being supplied immediately elth vast qurniiiiies of new -laid eggs, port wine, chickens end heef extrect, and on • being informed how it was (het furlong ti conlinttnity ol resnectrible and preeumehly tial tradesmen not one of them hal ohenge for it five -pound note. "Don't line '8011 sent a grievous gmen.geocer. "Been bit. Lest, one I took was a weeng 'uni" "And do you mean to insinuate; my charming Friend, that this is a bad note?" • • "Don't insinliate nethin1:1" Snuffed the mate iltit I don't lake it neither." The grren-groter'e words caused a sinking fetileg at hie heed. But his fears 0001'0 grolirallese, After meeli edwehing, he discovered a benle 1,1/1101"0 n eVere and influenziestrIelfen youth cashed lt, wItheut coMmenk When he arrived home laden with bleyneellases, 11 Was to find hie Uncle, 4 FLANS FOR TUE NAVY. Manoeuvres in 1906 to Presume on Co- OperatiOn of lap Fleet. The 13raisli naval manceuvres for 000 will be based on a principle quite new In naval annals, end will be on a idler scale than the postponect pro - pewit's of this year. The Japanese led will theoretically form part of the cheme, which will test the strategic encl tidied value , of the new distribution f warships. 11 will be supposed that trained relations exist 1111(1 1.110 prIt1511 15)1(1 Japarieee eavies Will he on the Wain all over the world. 'rho sea Iron, tees of all ourpossessions conseghent- 1 y will come inte the scheme. As soon 05 wile has broken out the reserve. di- visions Will be mobilieed, and the con- diteons that might occur with a naval conthipation operating againet Great Beilein will then be rehearsed simul- taneously by the vargiva divisions, the opetatIons being part of one goat wee plan. A nekeleton" ariny of 4:tru1s31I's with admietishi 00Tallanti will be kept on the deet tot' weeks against tills teem). Tad, ability, and intuitive judgment will be demanded of the Vale, oas commerideraneehiet, end 1/10 ;Scheme will bo tbo mos( searching test of elneteney devised. Some 'Mks rely neon 51O1)5 1,111011 1,111011 telly fleekle alter inatere delibeeel tom percentage of 10I5- 1aloe 11 mind. • beaming ancl benign, 01,11111114; Win. When the old gentleman made up his naul to well doing, he 111 not let. 1110 gross grow, under lee reel. "Tha great danger of We age." lie woe saying to Emmeline, "Is that the In itt 01 hinium kindness seems ae if 11 had almost dried up. 13e suspleious of your follow.man Is whet all our moral end spiritual advisere tell us, apparent- ly forgetting 11151 Were is no sureewny of malting a man a criminal than to suspect 111111. Everyone condemns pro- ads/emus alinsgIvIDg. The Tommy num 01. women svl 1 usks you for any- thing is an linposolor end a fraud. rlie onLY persona MO 10+15 glee to are sleek par:anis and lasekenated 111)1101(1) ba. lives of organized Mullet/. I 1110 Of the opinion lied. there IS as ne1011 hurn- hug Etb0111 n la lire gents us there wit atem1 me ins) night; and so, my deer" -Ile patted Emmeline 011 1110 shoulder -"holding the views I do, 1 was te- thered to find that 1 bad 1Faroe-in-law who did not turn the seemingly starv- ing and ivrelcheil man flow the door, but gave el het* best." And after a little tirade he kiesed Emmeline, and tamed to talk 111,18111030 1)1) Home. The i•csulle of that Interview are still extant. In 111111 Horace is prosperous and his wfie happy. Horace puts down the cause of these pleasing fads io the milord kindness of his wife's heart, but Emmeline's oyes girw dim when the subject conies up. erhe reason WO 1501.0 helped in the rf 01.11' dire need," she says simply, 'WaS beeause 11111e Johnny smiled in heaven. No one could ever resist his You see, she was his mother. -Lon. don Answers. RIFLE rACTORY FOE CHINA. Engine,er of the Chinese Government Now in England Arranging Plans. As indicative of the awakening e! China and the interest which Le taken in matters of world policy by the Chinese, once so retiring, it Is interest - km to note that a nephew of the Einem. - or of China and the Chief Engineer 11 the Chinas e Government are now •Iri England making arrangements for the construction of a great military title fac- tory in China. They spent some time In the district of Birmingham inspecting not only the factories where smell arms are made, but also the works which pro- duce machinery for their manufacture. They visited the Birmingham Smell Arms factory, and were conducted through Um militery section. An inter- preter explained the mechanism to them, and they inspected it with great care, making minute inquiries as to the nature and capacity of the various contrivances. 11 is understood that the Chinese factory will be tergely furnished wile Birming- ham machinery.; that Birmingham ex- perts will stipmentend its equipment, and that large numbers of Birmingham mechanics win he engaged lo instruct Chinese workmen In their !redo. En- tirely apart from the magnitude of the operations the visit of this particular mission is important. as foreshadowing large orders by the Chinese Government both in the military and eayal depart- ments of her services. China, 11 )8 said, is ambitious to bring her army and nay un to the level of the Japanese forefeet, 11 15 believed that her determination to manufacture her own arms is attribute.] do unfortunate experiences (luring the China -Japanese war. She seceetly botight large quantities of weapons In England. They turned out' to be obso- lete relics of the Franco-Prussian war, and the Chinese say that they were in so slier:king a condition lhal 11 was im- possible to pour water through some of the barrels. 4 EGGS INTOXICATING. Strange Theory Afolevinonred by a French n One by one the most cherished arti- dos of diet appear to be going under the attacks of the medical profession. Ithrelefore the theory has been that no matter how dirty the inn or The honeding house one could always take refuge in boiled eggs. But DOW the tendon Lancet says that a French med- ical man has discovered a hidden dan- ger lurking in the yolk. 'rile yolk of the 05115 of hens ducks and tort 'e lie deolares, contains a substance which when Injected Into the veins, under the skin, or into the generel body crivily, eventuelly causes death from acute in- toxication of the central nervous sys- tem. liens' egg yolk is less toxic than that of the chick, it is explained, but thals-of the tortoise is more dangerous than either. It is admitted, however, that the percentage of poisons is not enoiigh to kill and that the general aublic is in little danger from this fortn of poleoning. SOME SECIIET BURIALS. Maria, King of the 'Visigoths and their victoelous leader, was burled nbout 1,500 years ago by his soldiers in the bed of the Diver Resents), in South- ern Italy. They fleet turned the waters into another channel, and, settee bury. ing their chief and his treasures, let. there flow baelf agnin. His grave was dug by prisoners, who Ware all after- wards put to death, so that the Ro- mans might never find hls•grave. Attila, king 01 11111 liens, was buried A. D. 453 011 a wide plain in three coMns-one of gold, one of silver, 0111 the third or iron. In his case, tee, all tire prison- ers who were compelled to,dig his grave were immediately killed. Another sec- ret burial, in lathe history, was that -if Fernando de Soto, the discoverer 01 11111 whose cotfin was sunk at midnight in the 11111110 0±11113 . broad lirearn, to conceal hie death tem the natives, 11.110 had beereteld that he us an immortal c_._...7.4111.18 of 11131 sun. ME HEAT OF TUB SUN. "The sun's heat," eaki LIM asteonomer. "Well; let us .say flint the value of the eeres heatis 895,000,000. NOW What pro. portion . of that value do you suppose warms 1110 earth? Only two emits' worth. All the rest, of the sures heet Is wasted In Settee, 01 the $?5,000,000 the earth Only geta two centee With 0001 can give you :mother idea of the sun's heat. Suppose that the earth waS ie contract to heal, the sun. Do yon know 611111( 1110 result would be? All the coal npon the earth would suilke lo 10(111)' 111.111 the preseni solar heat for jest elle- tenth of a second," FROM ERIN'S GREEN ISLE NEWS BY IV= NEON IRELAND'S SMOItES, PraP,Pening's ist the rmerald 3515 17! Interest to Irish- Canadi ans. The death took place suddenly at his residence, County Donegal, of ilia Dt an of L'O., 11110, N vv. Rol, J osePh Potter. Hewas known throughout the north -meat of Ireland 110 1111 ener- getic chimeamen and a popular peva ellen The death occurred, af Ler a short .11Inese, at his resideice, liossias streot, Clones, of air, Francis Iloh. sole at the age of 5, •Deceasee P115 a most respected re-4(Iv11L ei Clonee, and enjoyed the esteem of ell who hnew hint. The iloyal Humane Society has awarded its testlasoniel to Jonii Scott, 'Victoria road, Ban.or, Coun- ty Down, for ble gallant plunge from the pier there into sixtaap feet of miter, in August, when be ieseued 11 girI 11110 1141 eceldentelly fallen in, Recently two ,young men named Callerky and Tig,he lost th ir 11%es in Broadhaven Bay. A. number of "curraghs" were engaged in hand - line asaing, and one of these in 00111011 Mere five occupants, ineluding Cafferity and Tighe, got too close to a breaker and 111118 swamped. At a meeting of the Senate of the Royal University it was decided to confer degrees -a bechelorsiiip atral a doctorate -in veterniary meOicine 'rho /loyal University of Ireland is the first in the United gdorn to give official recognition to the mem- bers of the seterinary pro:a:filen. Mr. John O'Donrell, Maas having refused to find ball for his future geed behavior within the time seeel- iled, was arrested in his print!. g of- fies in Galway rend committed to jail to undergo three months im- prisonment, •the sentence Imp( sed up- on him for haling recently deli orad a speech calculated to intimidate or deter men from doing what they had legal right to do with grass lands in the west of Inland. The fourth annuat meeting ot the Flour Millers' Asseciatian of Ireland was beld in Dubin recently, when the president, Mr. Perry Goo'borty, speaking of eon' milling in II elan at L110 present time, Bald te industry was in a good condition, and pros- eets f r the future were briAlt Already the Arne hams had been: beaten out of the market, but Mail confronted with unfair coninetition. from across the Channel. It :ippon% from the report just is- sued by the fishery branch of the Department of 1.5011)011,1; 'o and Tei:11-1 Meal Instruction, on the sea and inej land asheries of Ireland, that tile quantity of sea fish landed on the Irish coast in 1904 was greater than that in any previous year. Prices,, however, 0001.0 not so good as in 1908, so that the general reslit of the year's working -2393,630 -was about 4334.000 I,ss than in 1903. At Wexford, before Mr. 11. A, En- nis, J.P., a young man named Law- rence Leary, a native of Enniscorthy, WEIS brOUght up at the Petty Ses- sions office charged with hal ing aid- ed and abetted a woman named But- ler in the alleged murder of her in- fant at Plohamon Bridge, The wo- man is at present in prison on a charge of larceny, and her son, a lad of ten years, said he saw his mother throw the child into tho Malley at Clohamon Bridge, Leary 11155 1111- 2a1 knes sd tte. l aat ions by the Dublin Castle, result of prolonged private authorities into certain charges pre-, ferred agaiust the Belfast Criminal; Investigation Department, the deel-• sion of the Inspector -General has been announced. A. dist act insuector, 111110. 111' the Royal Irish Constabulary, ranks with a commissioned army officer and a head constable, who ranks with an English police super- intendent, have been unfavoraely commented on; one detective has been ordered to resume ordinary police duties, and another has been trans; ferred to a, rural district. 11-1,,k4ntriri-.11-44,1+4114"ki, Fashion Hints. 111-0 41::::1-11-14:11-tr+414444-$4401' A Paris coreespondent Writes as ' The noVelly 111'. 1,1118 .reflr'a .1W011i13g costume lies • in UM varied ta (et -Indies 1100 501110 Illtu,4arai."Telibetullitrigetaili116,e(;01 fact, never Wives afier severel effects oinn e‘t';,•1 11111 h eSvhtel oceosna (.1'11101s II? 0\1\11 pth felour, aceording to ber complexion, Ilbr style • ef •dress or11& and if SIIO cenmanage it, according et the platte in which it la to appear. To -day fashion miilains thee with the simPla and classkial cut of 01.11' 5OW1113 05017 attention must be peed to the manner of vvearing one's heir. And It is in. leo coiffure thet the siert women now stotts, the only ,eelief for her evening Mlle. Avril, al the Vaudeville, haa tunnelled a charining novelly In this :HP0011011: 01101 of putting In the tresses tropicai flowers in the stunningest shades of roil. This petite lady is a fascinating brunette; hence the selec- tion. To be explicit, her coiffure con- sists of pinkish red blossoms tl•lat ee- semble ceineline. They are placed one on each side of the forehead mid, are connected in front Will a loose twist of white tulle. Against her Made hair, and worn with a black crepe fie et Illienef or 12 1 osyllegliyl.Lly spangled with let, AS TO THE HAIR BtlenesIenes has inspired women with aesthetic tastes to dopy the simple coiffures he delights in arranging for Ilia charming feminine. figures in his CallV11806. Attractivo. for a fair girl w'th very blond hair parted down the middle, a la Jones, and slightly waved on 01011 side, is a. narrow band of gold intro- isiced among her tresses, with a couple of white lilies Just over the ears. -Befel- 1 blonde fa von shaded mauve and pinn , roses tinged almost to purple and again ; to palest mauve. These Rowan; nestle in the hair concealed by the tiniest curls. There is undoubtedly a knack in fixing them in position. but n Freneh woman never has to be taught this. Mine. Rennie, who is recognized OA the queen of fashion, remains faithful to her simple black algret. 1 -ler hair Is waved comp:telly. but not to much so, and it 1arysaretiehniodnegenized Louis cachet that Le 5).e THE MUFFS. 1 always find 11 difficult at this., time of the year not to talk of furs. It is not my metier to he depressing, so I will omit statistics and confine myself to -day lo n of the rnany brandies at thie subject -muffs. Nothing in the way of furs is•Inore attractive or a more becom- ing addition to feminine attire than this useful article. I really feel that the mutt of to-clity ought, to be made the SW; and shape of a drain pipe for the benefit et those who are determined to wear short sleeves In the street. I feel it in my bones prophetically and not rheumatic- ally that the winter is to be a severe one. My theory is that the muff of to -day is adorable. It is also large and has steadily been growing in size foe the last few years, but 1,110 larger it gets the better 1 like it. It cannot be too large . for me. When one is tall one Call "carry off" a muff nf generous proper- Ilons. This brigand method of procsee dure cannot be practiced by _lee11'0y, small woman, but there is eifit a doubt that a good large muff looks expensive and smart, and both of these things the right-minded woman. be site tall nr short, aims at looking. There is a great ' point about the large, flat muff that does not Do.ur to everybody. Thc large round muff inust have.both sides ?like necessarile-, hut the flat one. if at all ef the draped or picturesque order, min present, to the world n face of sable chinchilla or ermine, whiie its back may be made of harmonizing velvet Or cloth. I am having my own sables rearranged. and flve niee skins, that would only make a moderately large muff if used on both sides, are to be mounted on n muff designed from the one I have just suggested. 11 18 to be flat, rather wIdee at tlie base than at the top, showing each skin as it it had. been .carelessly laid upon it. And, by the way, this arrangement is a new fad el the furrier's. THE CelEAPER FURS. Leaving the giddy heights of expensi •••',/,>: furs, there are plenty of varieties thei wear well and ioolf wedl and are, after all, only comparetively cheap -such es -Persian lamb, broadtail, grey astrakhan , Um better sort of equirrel, silver fox and bear. A. nico thing to remember when pur- chasing inexpensive furs is that in bulk, as IL were, they have a certain die - Unction. It is only in the small mulls and scrappy little ties with horrible cheap -cord ornaments and Ws that never wagged that they are hopelessly common in appearance. AS TO SLEEVES. Speaking of sleeves, to protect women trom the results of the folly of appear- • ing in the streets in elbow and short, . sleeved wraps there has been introduced the velvet undermanche 10 etip on els a sort of cuff like the lingerie affairs nii bodiees. Anti that reminds me of the soft white salin elite( waists that are worn for informal occasions, sueli as 11)110110008 and the. like. They- ave stitched with colored silk or run with nareow cothred velvet, while some have rows of pompodintr Pinball inserted 11'- (1,51610 nicks of Ibe. eatin all over the blouse, giving a charming Dresden effect. The neck finish Is usually a boa el rich -colored Velvet matching the • lC 1.11015exis.ted any doubt of the p01). 1511031113' of enmire styles it was diseipateel 1131 115 glance 01 the leaders of feshion et the hist mice meet, at Chantilly a week ago. Yet not all bow down Mere this , • vogue, • charmnig tis it is. ' Meny couturieres reeognize that 11 Is more stannic tor evening than tor day wear, 11111 others give their alleginece to Um 'Princess robe. Given a good ligere and ti perfect cut, there is no coi»pinesote between the. two, everything being ni. favor of the princess. Meny moilistee compromise ori prinecse jape With ei tight -Wing long skirt curried up eorslet fashion above the Wet Ilne„ Over thie is worn a dent empiee bolero, whinh Mettee an ideal walking that pro. serves Um long Ilea withoth the die- Cuising tot& el Um einpire robe. HE GOT EVEN. Re Was a Gentleman, Ilowever, need Will Not Tell. "Couetesy• always peys; discourteey never does," said a fainous French- woman. "Lennie tell you a story of 11/1 acVM1 0 liwaPonilleelinilloge-eupied a compartment in a railway carriage with one man, a stranger. They were extremely rude to this man. In whiepers that he could overhear they criticieed his costume, his flgin•ci and les manner, He, lo be re- venged, dtd a singular thing. "The blackness of a tunnel enveloped the ear, and under cover 01 1110 darkness the num hissed the back of his hand loudly end repeatedly. Then when the train ordered the light agaln he looked from one woman to the otter with a $44'111"111licieya•netec511111012g.ed Mimeos Of suspicion. "'Was it you he kissed?' "'No, of mime not. W'es it you?" "And nelthee ludy \voted believe the other's denial, and each in her inmost heart believed Me other hed eneouraged the kiss. The man Ionized cool end 001(1. 1)1000111. When finally he rose to go be Isohcaulllarneavierl i said, inlg) briesp rh, del•e1181.1 11. ten which of you it woe.'" WOMAN PREDICTS DISATEll. , — SAS'S 1906 Will be Full et Woe for Ger- men Empire. .Mme. de 'rliehee, the French Mother .Shipton, has isseed her 00111151 forecast of the world's events of next par, Madame's picture of the tenure Is peened 111 sombre tones. Nineteen hurt - deed and sl): will be a bad year, atm saye. Europe will he disorganized, A. crisis vill 0001117 in Germany, and there will be several deaths in the German rock' family. Austria is to have "an, Outbrean with an unlooked for sequel." South America it 10 have "11.0111316," end ,this year of gloom will end With the failure of ,sev- 0051 savings bank§ in various countries, including Great, llohtabm. . Mme. de Thebes else predicts tin epf. demi° in the United Statas, anti the loss in France of several greet artiste. Some of iliac, elle 1111115 &nifty, meet beWare al tba sea. r‘