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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1915-09-23, Page 3PZ4 tt-tItt!ig)--ceic AUTUMN SOWN CR(T EXPERI- PERIMENTS. About two huudred end eighty-five Varieties et winter wheel Mut large uumber at selection* anti erosee have been grown under ee:perlineat at tee Agriculture,' College within the pas& tWenty•six years. Nearly P.11 the vele ietiea have been caretully Meted in each of five years, after which the in- ferior braude have beemi discarded and thoao wlaich have given elm best re- sults have been continued in the eXe perimeuts. Within the past year forty 'varieties, fourteen hylaids, and a number ot -straight eelectione were grown under test. Ot the named varieties fourteen have been grown in each of twenty years, and the results of these are of particular value.. The average reetate for the twenty-year • period show teat the following ver- iettes gave highest average Yields ef grain per acre: Dawson'a Golden Chaff, 5L4 bushels; Imperial Anther, 48.5 bushels; Early Gennesee Giant, 47.1 bueliele; Egyptian Amber, 46.9 bushels; Early Rod Clawson, 46.6 bushels, and Rudy, 45,8 bushels. In.' Ontario during the past year it Was comparison with these yields the Tar, key Red gave an average of 43.7 bush- els, and the old Treadwell variety 42.4 bushels per acre. Front euquiriee made throughout Ontario during the past year it was evident that the Da,wsouts Golden Chart is ail' the most extensively grown variety of winter wheat in Ontario. Seventy per cent. of the answermentioned Dawson'a Golden Chaff as the most extensively grown variety in the different counties. This variety, in the results at Guelph tor twenty years, has given an average ot practically three bushels per acre more than any other variety grown under similar conditions. The Dew - son's Golden Chaff was originated in Ontario thirty-four years ago. it produces a very stiff straw of medium length, beardless heads with red chaff, and white grain which weighs slightly over the standard per measure bushel. There seems to be evidence that the Forage Plants, DominionExperimen- tal Warms, gives a summary of results Dawson's Golden Chaff is improving somewbat in quality fox. bread pro. reached at the central and different duotion. Farraers' Bulletin No. 616, branch farina and stations through - of the 'United States Department of out the country, and, can be had free Agriculture states that the Dawson's on application to the publication's Golden Chaff is probably the leading branch, Department of Agriculeure, variety of soft white winter wheat in Ottawa. There are included also same the North Central and the North At- lantic States. It also refers to the wheat as follows: 'This variety stands up well in the field and is above the average in winter resist- ance. The grains are somewhat harder than thee of most other white wheats. In several milling and bak- ing tests that have been made it has given a. good yield of flour, rather low in total protein content, but contain- ing gluten of excellent quality." The Imperial Anaber variety produces a large amount of straw whick is med- ium in strength, a bearded head. with red chaff and a red grain of very good quality. In the experiments conducted at the College in 1916 the winter wheat &Lye an average yield of grain of 13.5 bush- els per acre over the average of the pant twenty years. The straw was soraewhat -heavier but the grain weighed one-half pound per mea,sured bushel less than the average. For nine years in succession experi- ments were conducted in treating winter wheat in different ways to pre. ter. vent the development of stinking With a view of securing data, bear - smut, and the results have Leen very ing on the possibility of producing satisfactory. In the average for five field root seed profitably in Cantu*, years, untreated seed produced 4.2 per a great number of seed roots were sal - cent. of smutted heads, while ected, not only at the Central farm, seed which was immersed for twenty min- but else on most of the branch farms utes in a solution made by adding one and stations in the eastern Provinces. At the Central Farm about 12,000, pint of formalin to forty-two gallons mange's of the Long Red variety, and of water, produced a crop which was .egKehere.4.2.4itel'ereXeehelhiSe;_thiteXe..h•het-eXAMX,147...ilitthhat.a. •:s'od h.'s! Fot sixty years the Refinery has led Canada in , modern equipment, up-to.date methods, - * and the pursuit of one ideal—absolutely '44 4.4 pure sugar. 44.4 v : In the Packages introduced by Aggr t.. ,.. —the 2 and 5 lb. Cartons and the 10, 20, ki 50 and 100 lb. Cloth Bags— you get 1 Canada's favorite sugar, in perfect condition. .4 ei "Let egagFC Sweeten it"143 kf ,..... .;.-- CANADA SUGAR REFINING CO„ LIMITED. MONTREAL . 4 ..-:•:.v ,xtxtz•:+301‹.:+1;sow:soix;::::st*:;:;-:*:;:;.:;:::+:;:4:;:k7ds*:4-4.4 fa tIght elace et eight any better than! the reet of We The nista who grows up with his Masi. neat le the one who makee the best go Of, it. A dog that titmice egge is et pretty hard Proposition to deal With. Pepper- ed eggs ere as good as auythiug we ever tried, but I eometirnes think '�u . either have to get rid Of tile dog or tile hens. The busier the hen the mare eggs she is putting in the eiwitet. Filthy water will bring on dtsease faster than you can eitfe it with stuff out of a bottle. . . Wheat helps pullet; to Conte to lay• ing emitter than almost any kind et grate I know of. - Grabbing a hen by theowieg le Ulm trying to lift a fellow by the ear. Ducklings rarely ille except front aunetroke or being -caught out In big storms. They should not be given liber' ty for the first fortnight at least. Kept in a run ou theft grass, alike screened from cold winds and ehaded from the sun, there will be few losees, After three weeks old a daily bath vvill de them good, if the weather is warin. Depend upon good feedizig for eggs, not upon eolces aud. stimulants. These are useful enough to tide over brief troubles such as chins, but all tonics lose their power otter a time; all stiniulants undermine the constitution. Keep the different ages of •chieltens apart, or the young ones will suffer from bullying. tear better to keep trans-- ferring the stronger °Melts from the rearing ground to padre distant pas- tures. If there is not room for ell to have liberty, give the pullets all the range poseible, and shut the table cook ereis Up la wired pens. spring. All seed will be sent by mail except that for No. 4, which will acchinPany the fertilizers. C. .A.. Zavitz. 0. C. A., Guelph, Ont., Aug. 20, 1915, FORAGE PLANT TEST. Bulletin No. 84 of the Division of recoinmendations as to the varieties to grow, or crop production methods to follow, as deducted from the results of experimental work in the various provinces, A -variety of teats at the central experimental farm in Indian corn showed thee the best varieties in ears of twelve experimented with were Quebec Yellow, Windus Yellow Dent, Canada View and Free Press, and that, while of the ensilage varieties proper, Argentine Yellow gave the highest yield in tonnage, White Cap Yellow Dent, Ghlden Glow, King Philip and Wisconsin No. 7 reached a more advanced stage of maturity. Eighteen varieties ot turnips were te,sted, thirteen of mangels, five of carrots, and four of sugir beets. Of the turnips nine varieties produced over 21/4 tons dry matter to the acre. Of the mangels half a dozen varieties yielded 3 1-4 tons of dry matter to the acre, Of the carrots White Belgium gave -24 tone, 400 pounds of crop with 2 tons, 1,905 pounds dry matter to the Acre and Ontarlo Champion 25 tons of crop and 2 tons, 1,650 pounds dry mat - practically free from smut. Owing to excessive rains this season a considerabee amount of winter wheat 3,000 Magnuni Bonum Swede turnips were secured for the purpose from the general farnecrop. In addition., about $ tone of mangels of the Long Red throughout Ontario became sprouted and Yellow Intermediate types were before it could be harvested. nfor- selected from the plots grown for var• mation regarding the value of sprout- lety tests by the division of forage plants. In leguminous forage plants many tests were made for hardin.ess, quality and quantity. In order to- arrive at a proper understanding of the nature of a number of Canadian giasses and sedges, arrangements were made to secure, through exchange, a represen- tative -collection of grasses and sed- ges from Northern Europe. About a thousand sheets of duplicates were prepared for thia purpose and sent forward. The reports from the super- intendents of branch farms and sta- tions will be found of the greatest in- terest, each especially -to farmers in the respective province represented. ed wheat for seed purposes is import - mit, In each of two years when winter wheat was • sprouted in the germinatien tests of the grain were made. The following results show the average percentages of ger- mination for each selection: Skin over germ, unbroken, .94; skin over germ, broken, .76; sprouts one-quarter inch long, ,30; and sprouts one inch long, .18. Not only were the sprouted seeds low in germination, but the plants produced were very uneven in size. CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS: Tbree hundred and eighty-eight farmers throughout Ontario conducted experiments with autumn sown crops during the past year. Reports bavo been received from thirty-seven coun- ties and districts throughout Ontario. Those sending the greatest number of reports were Nipiseing, Simcoe, On- tario, Hastings, Huron and Parry Sound. The greatest number of good reports were furnished by Simage, Ontario, Welland, Lambton and Hall- burton. Five varieties of winter wheat were illetributed last autumn to those farm- ers who wished 'to test some of the leading varieties on their own farms. The average results of the earefully conducted co-operative experiments with these five varieties showed the following yields per acre: Imperial Amber, 35.h bushels, American Ban- ner, ii2,5 bushels; Banatka, 30.3 bush - NOTES. Don't try to have a garden with- out manure. Don't try to work with poor tool, nor plant bad seed. - Don't plant out a larger acreage than you. can properly cultivate. Don't buy what you do not need be- cause it comes cheap. Don't let the stock "fodder" them. selves at the haystack or fodder pen. Don't but out eix orchard, and then allow the stock to browse the trees. Don't elect mento townehip or county offices who eanaot make a living by the ordinary pursuits 01 life. The Virginia. Experiment Station ha a carried on an extended trial (g feeding hogs on two diets, earn Lad digestive tankage, and corn and skim r44.4440.4 II 4 44404.••••04 THE POULTRY WORLD 4410•04144•414000•410**** SHAPE OF THE BEST HENS, Whether the shape of the hen's body influences egg production or egg pro- duction influences her shape, or both, we cannot say, yet we do see that good egg producers have regular shaped bodies in the form ot a wedge, the - back being one side of the triangle, tie° breast being another and the third side bein,g the distance from the pelvic bones to the back point of the breast or keel bone. It matters little whether shape in. Hueneme egg production, pr egg produc- tion influences shape, for the fact re- mains that the haw which ,are produc- ing large numbera of eggs usually con- form to this wedge shape, and 'we be- lieve that something can be told of pullets even before they begin to lay. Shape assists therefore in selecting. the best producers. But wliere it is aos- sib's to trapnest for at least thirty days, much -can be told of a hen's value as en egg producer by the rythm of egg - production. The number of eggs pro- duced by a hen without missing a day' is called. a cycle. The number of eggs In each cycle tells whether the egg or - genet have the abillia to produce eggs rapidly and the frequency with which these -cycles are repeated tells whether the hen has a constitution which will etan,d up under the strain of heavy egg production. In other words the Umber of eggs m the -cycle tells the hen's breeding and repeating the cycles tells of the conetitution. If a hen lays four or more eggs to the tycle ankzepeare the cycles with - only one or.1,70 days missed he is a good hen. If a hen lays three, or less eggs to the cycle and misses two or tnof'0 days between cycles she is of little or no value as an egg ;producer. The hen which lays twenty or thirty eggs In one cycle, rhen misses ten or fifteen days, should be classed with the hen whieh lays regularly, but lays only one or two eggs to the cycle. The first has well developed egg organs with a weak constitution while the sec- ond has a strong constitution and weak egg organs. This method of selection is of value where the hens are trapnested for only two or three months during the breed- ing season, or if a hen has beer etrap. nested during the breeding season and should get killed the rythM of egg pro- duction would give an idea of the value of the offspring. EGGS TIIA.T DON'T HATCH. Infertility of' eggs is not due to the method of setting, neither is a weak germ. These are always 'due to some- thing that precedes their being plated under the proper -conditions for-ineuba- tion. To the male has been attributed Ln the past most ofthe cause of infer- tility; careful investigation shows that the female plays just as important a part in produoing hatchable gernis as the male, • Some authorities attribute the leek of fertility &rearm the Wya.ndottes to incompatibility between the females and the particular cock bird. If per- chance eggs are very poor in fertility it Is as advisable to look to the hens as to the male birds: Many times change in environment, or feed, or in the mate will bring round desired and improved results. Seldom is the trouble due to mating too many hens to the shale, for there are in existence ihany examples of splendid fertility where forty to fif ty hens are mated to one male, One mat- ing between the two sexes should In- ds; Crimean lied. 27.1 bushels, and milk, witit the result that the latter sure fertility in several eggs mid has lairoslaf, 28,8 bushels. shows slight advantage over the for- been knave to last as long as twenty - In -another co-operative experiment mer, principally because of the appe- eight days. the Petkus winter rye surpasited the thing quality and added moisture of Dead germs and dead thichs in shell Imperial Amber winter wheat by an the Aim milk, On a coininercial are too often attributed to faulty in- tiee,eage of 380 pounds per aere: basis very little difference was cutation. Suell a Cause eart never be The co-operative experiments Withfound. m m proved until eggs frothe sae birds hairy vetches and winter rye for fod- Ardent advocates of sweet clover are Mewed uhder hens and in incit- e:1er production sheered that the yields claim that there is no danger of eattle batons at the same time. It is the belief in tone for green crop per acre were bloating on sweet dotter pasture. of the writer that eggs with good, as follows: Hairy vetches, 11.1 In 1915, They say eumarin, the bitter principle strong, Vital germs will hath Under an 11.4 in tho average et four years, in sweet clover, will prevent bloat, almoist any normal condition. and Winter rye, .8.7 in 1015, and 8 in We urideretand, however, that there Disehmearepoel NOTES. volt enephinh. sweet clover pasture. There mews to the average of four years, have been some cases of bloat on The hens reqUire good care to get MENTS IN 1015. be much less danger of bloat then As long as the supply lasts, material with red clover or alfalfa. -will be distributed free of charge in Ono men says that Wheat is great the order in 'which the applieations stuff for horses. He doesn't feed are received from OntaHo farmore wheat alone, but gives a feed or it vismog to elperiment and to report Mice a day, Each horse gets about two quarte of the .rioaked grain at the results of any ono of the follow- ing tests: 1, 'Three varieties of winter night. Oats are fed in the mornitig and at noon. This man's heroes do wheat; 2, one variety of winter rye a lot of work and. always look good. and one .of winter wheat; 3, spring applications of five tertilizers with winter wheat; 4, autumn and spring applications of nitrate of soda mid common salt with winter wheat; 5, winter emmer and winter barley; 0, uiry vetches and winter rye as fodder crops. The dee of each lila is to be But good -care probably law More to do With it than the daily nation oi, wheat, 'We would want to feed wheat pretty lightly until the horses got used to it. vTWAS EittFt THUS, ourger through the strain of molting with un- imps.ired health, so that eggs will be plentiful 'atm' On. Hens 'Confined in small runs need plenty Of range and aeeess to insects Ware you wellet'fare you ill, there's now of all 'elude. - no turning tark; and Shorn, Se6birlirendiCM341tin'sdatana, one of all the troop .will whinnte more attention Ilan the tioek that has Even the, hens that have the freedoni leaver TUMBLEWEED. If Thin, Nervous, Run Down, epressed, This Will Help! This Curious Bushy Growth is the Clown of Vogetation• Thougb. Mark Twain tells about coyotes and prairie dogs, animals which i looked. for, but regret to say I did not see, he ignores the tum- bleweed, the most curious thing— animal, vegetable or mineral—that crossed any vision as I -crossed the, plain.. I cannot understand why Mark Twain did not mention this weed, because he must have seen it and it,must have delighted him with its comical gyrations, Tumbleweed is a. busy plant which grows to a. height of perhaps three feet and has a mass of little twigs and branches which make its shape almost perfectly round. Fortunately for .the amusement of mankind it has a weak stalk, so that when the plant dries the wind breaks it off at the bottom and then proceeds to roll it over and over across the land. I well remero:ber the first tumble- weed vie saw. "Wiutton earth is that thing'," cried my, companion suddenly, point- ing out through the car window. I toked. Some distance away a strange buff colored shame was making a swift, uncanny preeress toward the oast. It wasn't crawling, it—wasn't. running, but it was trayelling fest with ei rolling, tossing, eareening mo- tion iiite a barrel half full of whisky going down hill. Now it tilted one way, now another; now it shot swift- ly into some slight depression In the plain, but only to come bounding lightly out again with. an air indescri- bably gay, abandoned and inane. Soon we saw another and another. They became more and more common as we went along until pt eseetly they were everywhere, careening in their maudlin course across the prairie and piled high against -the fences • along the railroad's right of way like great concealing snowdrifts. Tumbleweed is the clown of veg- etation, and it has the air as it rolls along of being eanatliens of its Comi- cality, lik� the smart caniehe in the deg show which goes and overturns the basket behind the trainer's back or the cireus clown who runs about with a rolling gait, tripping, turning double and triplesomersaults,. rising, running on, tripping, failing and turnfng over and over again.—Julian Street in Collier's Weekly. The wear Mid etreln of life heel tended ht recent years to produce nor - voles debility In a large percentage of our populatton. Thousailde are affected with a feel - lug they can't eitactly cleeeribe. They elWaYa tired told droopy, lack tulle bitiou, have peer- appetite, look Pale and, suffer from depressing headaches and insomnia. This condition Is full of peril. It is the stepping steno to invaildiera, the beginning of a shattered constitution. We :advise everyone 1z title condition to take a. good medicine at once and try to get well while yet there is time. Probably no better advice San be given than to use Dr, Hamilton's Pills, welch have become famous in restoring the hack to good health. A general toning up of the .systree at Once takes place. The whole body is vitalized by richer, and purer blood. The appetite is inereased, food is di- gested and naturally strength rapidlY Increases, Headaches go because the bowels are regulated and all wastes are carried off, There is no experiment about using Dr. Hamilton's Pills because they ter- tainly restore the sick, as a trial will quickly prove, Just as good for the old as the young, and suitable to the needs of women and children. This grana badly 'medicine should be in every home. • • . "You are walking rapidly to -day," "Yes, my doctor told Me to take a long walk every morning on an empty stomach." "What did you say?" • "I asked him whose stomach." HORSES. AT THE FRONT, (By Agnes 8. Falconer, in the GlasgOw Herald). Baker's horse and grocer's horse and gentle carriage Leah', Hunting horse and' farmer's horse. they muster in the square: A saddle on the withers and a label on the neck— Off to Join the trooper's train and crests the transport deck. Comrade of your toil or whim—black a brown or Wen Take a. last long look at him, and let han trot away: Shining ehod on every foot, tonsured tail and mane. liere's a norse will hover stela the Border roads again. Fight Stre must. and fight we can, but war's the horse's hell— " Starving tied behind the trench or shat- tered by a shell: Moaning in, the darkness for the merest of a gun— • And God have nitY on things Ile Made— for now we dare nave mine. • First of al the aecrifice, black Or grey or brown. Take a last long look at them and let them leave the town— Here's the Xing's horse, shod and shorn, bount for Etelgitin's plain. • Here'rt a horse will never Sten the Border roads again . . Steed we mast, and stend shall, to. keen a blighted troth, Land to land Is foe or friend; and Heaven must judge es both: Win Ye must, lest foreign force our is. - la d tights destroy— Bet theze—they share the fear and: Dant. and hover the vietor's Joy, Helpless, yet our heipera true—Vey and "brown and blaelt, of the fields need to be fed a variety of here again. . *6-4, No Pool Safety first! Burn or bury deeply the iiiiii0.wd. ovine meet many customers ala'- . . Halle their lag Vital tee chisel tit bed- ' careassee of birds which have died "He's hot headed, buty he's . no . . 4' • 4 ' - ' tinte, but a cupful of hot milk the lest ieceoe in tne poultry yard leek bad, foo"le*V"hati do you mean?" . IVItisid by the Peek, thing le Useful, and Will often soothe front any With. the. veseds furnish retuge for Chicks to temper lu the presence of a Man Im What does the nunther.3 toll tie? PUN' a wakeful child. this is a bad thingd.or the eyes, and If but whee trees and bushes are scare() "He knows enough not to lotus his else was • the sign. Ye. Teacher— At the beginning of a musical exer— Tho bed must not face the light, as The Housekeeper ,•prti When boiling meat, if a wire teapot standard is put in the bottom of the kettle ane tho meat laid on that, t� cook it writ net stick to the kettle and burn. 4•14•144.11440% Chats With the Doctor Put pieces of soap into a pan and Pour out enough boiling water to dis- wive them, making a thick jelly. Keep in. a jai'. This will be found ery useful for flannels, blouses, etc. Wash a range off with cold coffee, having a little ammonia added, be- fore applying blacking, and it will be readily polished. Wine stain.) whiclf have dried on table linen or napkins ehould be touched with whiskey before the linen is laundered. After you have dusted a mirror, a little camphor • on a , cloth will brighten it. When washing weodwork, take a Pail of water, one-half pint of vinegar and a scift rag; woodwork will look like new. If butter is hard to cream don't warm it. This changes the texture of it. Instead, run it through the vege- tables, ricer. This breaks it into small pieces and it ,can then be readily creamed. ih serving hominy for breakfast, just before taking nom the stove, add a beaten egg. Mushrooms eut into small pieces make a novel filling. for omelet. To, nicely ehopped, ...carrots, add a tablespoonful of 'chopped tresh Parsley and a liberal tablespoonful of hot butter with pepper and Bait to taete, The combined flavor is dello- ieus, and pereone nog caring for car-, rots, As a rule, will eat them prepared this way. teaepOonful of sugar added to the water fpr basting meat will give it a rich brown color .and the. flavor will be much improved. To make soap jelly, so often recom- mended in the cleaning a delicate things, melt any good litundry eioap in water over -a hot fire until it becames liquid. When cold it 'will form a jelly, and should be molded in small jars for use at various ime when re- cptired. If your kettle, burns • dry take it frem the. stove, and place it immedi- ately in a pan of cold water. This .7111 save the food from having a scorched 'taste 'unless, of course, it is very. badly burned. • . ...- PRISONERS Of WAIL! 'Code of Honor by Which , Their Treatment is Governed. in ancient times prisoners 'a war VAPOUR BATHS, Vapour bathe are very useful for Promoting perspiration, and are thus valuable in many dieeases, but it is as 'well to consult a Medical matt be- fore taking them,, Although a strong, healthy persoe is not likely to sutler any Serious effects from a vapour bath. In theumatient, and kindred diseases vapour bathe are extremeir Useful. The greatest care ie required to see that the bed, bed -clothes, tow- els, and eight clothes are made as hot OA possible. ,& heated blanket sheuld be wrapped round the patient lamed - lately he leaves the vapour batla or a serious chill may result. The eimplest form of vapour bath is to seat the patient in a chair, cover all but the head with a large"blauket, ankplaee under the blanket a bucket full of boiling water, As the water cools hot bricks are droppesl int04st, and this keepa up the eupply of steam, Hot-air betits are given by meane of a epirit lamp under the chair, and no water le used, but great care must be taken to avoid the danger of fire, t TURKISH BATHS, The Turkish bath is not only one of the most valuable, but also the useful to relieve excessive fatigue. In a medical sense they are very valuable in the cure of rheumatism, dropsical swellings, neuralgia, and for the re- duction of flesh. They should, how- ever, not be taken too frequently, once a week being quite sufficient, un- less specially ordered otherwise by the medical attendants. RHEUMATIC SORD THROAT. a ligerenta tound it mire profita.ble to exchange or liberate them for ransom. But ta-tra.y nations are pound to one another by a coda of horror which for- bids inhuman treatment of prisoners. Prisoners are suoJected to no punish- ment in any form. Neither must they be placed, in a conyiet prison, altbougn they may be detained in a fortress, °amp or town A. reasonable supply of nour- . with a little boracie lotion. The eyes ishment must be provided them y cantor the cantors, and they ate regareed as being ofofthethsee should'be shaded from the light during apridwnerot0tfindthere the ectirliltn: eonl t the worst of the attack, as using them who actually capture them. All persouttl belonging remain in the will ,, custody of the prisoner, but arms, horses Only aggravate the sytaptome and and Military papers -can be confiscated, ; figure the sight. these constituting. booty. While some ceildten sleep well and WAKEFUL CHILDREN. • syVvtornTveoV. accords 'with the prisoner's rank and ca- cttantptAltyhelrars=s aosf readily, others are always wakeful and Decay: also the work must not be ex- ilaryirahartlo)res,Daarg dtrueettbtloesengielt training, g,Tbattist Ins Often tr ?list:calf relate irusT for. , cases it may result from the ehild not A. prisoner 'always lives in hope Of be - government. The exchange is effected qici much Weep as others. I have This type of sore throat Is very prevalent during the winter, and is due to the acid formations in the blood, which would have a tendency to irritate and weaken the mucous membrane.' or lining of the throat. The symptoms are not serious, al- though they are very stubborn, Be- sides the pain in the throat, there is also a certain amount of pain in the muscles of the neck, and frecluentlY there le More Or less general weakt nese of the system. To cure the throat, use a gargle, composed of 'four drachms 61 borax dissolved in a pint of fairly hot water. This will ease thee pain and reduce the inflammation. But as the sore tbroat is due to a condition obtaining in the blood, and Is therefore only a loose symptom, a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of potash should be dissolved in a little soda water and drunk between meats. Also drink lemon juice and water freely, but do not add sugar to the lemon juice. SORE EYES. These may be constitutional, or may be due to some weakness of the system, and ea• local treatment has any lasting effect upon the red eye- lids which usually go by the name of "sore eyes," The first object should be to "strengthen the whole syetem, before applying local treatment. The diet should be good, but wholesome. leieh and indigestible dishes must be avoided. Syrup of hypophosphites, a teaspoonful taken in a title water three times a day, will often work overtime. , For local, treatment' bathe the eyes With a little warm water in which a pinch of boracic acid has •been dig- telved. This should be done .the last el -ling at night, and then a little Ino - lino or sweet oil should bo, rubbed over the edges of the lids before going to hed. This prevents the acrid fluid . from the eyes iejuring and inflaming the edges ot, fite•.eyelids. These. are simple reniedies, and will often cure the red rims.. Nothing should ever be dropped into the eye without first con- sulting a medical man, as the eier is toce delicate tin organ to be trifled :with. CATARRHAL OPHTHALMIA. This form of eye disease is fairly Prevalent in the winter, and is really a form of the.usual catarrh which af- fects the nose and throat, and may eventhally, if Mk theerwa, develop into the 'purulent' form ot the disease, The eyelide are itchy, and are often. Stuck together in the morning, and if the disease continues for some time the eyelids feli out. The sensation in the oyes themselves feels as if there were some irritating pieces of grit under the Strange to sa,y, a „Alia has an extra- ordinary tear of a 'wide spams around it. This fear disappears as it growfi older, and It it can reach out 0. hand and 'teel something that apparently encloses the bed, the child will be quite ifatisfied and drop to sheep again. 4 **- PARIS 144ID BERN 4 . Both Know What it is to See For- -sign Armies 'Within Their Gates Paris hew had severe experleace the army of surrenders to invading armies. On March el, 1814, the alliect armies that bed 'minuted. m Napoleon enterehl the Freneh mite" and oci- envied it with. a torte of '430,000 troops. After Napoleoe's escape from Elba and his defeat at et, atertoo the Armies of the allies again entered earls July 7, 1815. Thus the great city had to surrender to its enemies twice within eixteon monthe. irifty-ftve years later --Jan, 28, 1871—the City alifrentiered again, this time te the victors in the leranco-German war, at - ter it Mesh bombardmeut. Berlin. has Been foreign trope enter its gates' no fewer than three times In the last 200 years. The first time, eurioesly enough, the conquerors were Austrian troops, under General Had- dielt, wit() mitered Berlin in 1757, wain). Frederick the Great. was eneaged. in fighting the French on the Rhine, During their etay the Austrians im- pcsed fine of ii30,000 on the city, as well as commandeering a huge emu- ttittteylrOttroparionv.isions and equipntent for It was only just over- three years later when both the iteseian and Amp trian troops, tben allies of one anoth- er, entered Berlin, This time the City was fined X300,000. The. timo that will be best remem- bered, how.ever, was the entry of Nae Poleon leto Borlin-after the victory of Jena. Napoleon inflicted a, very heavy fin° on the Germans and forced them to feed his troops.—London'Tiallits. •.e. THE SWISS SYSTEM. iess os course the bel - lids and this appeers to cause the eyes to water profusely. Rest is neeessary, and the folloaing lotion will help with threure: Dissolve eight grains of sul- phate of zinc in six ounces of distilled water and add ten drops of chimer - form. Use this by means of an eye- cup twiee a day, and after bathing the eves the first thitig in the Morning Ing exchanged for a prisciner of his own being well. Some children do not need time. place and method of eXchange aro . . . • . in accordance with agreements, in which ingot, and tor an hour both in the known one child of three Who slept all strict eautvalents. man for man, rank for morning and afternoon, while her fullY detailed. This Is generally that of rank, disability for disability. An officer tan obtain a greater free- at tight if allowed to sleep during the sister at the scene age would not sleep dont of movement or certain privileg•es day. There is really no hard and fast while being a brisorter of war If he makes me. a parole, a written or vetbal promise, An °Meer giving his parole pledge his sleeping. As the night sleeping is the rule about babies and young children honor to refrain from a particular iteurSo of conduct, and if he makes a MOSt valuable, drop the day sleeping, breath of thee guarantee he Is liable to especially the one taken in the atter- the extreme nentilty.—Pearsoras 'Weekly. • • noon. The afternoon sleep should be as SMILE, HANG YOU! SMILE! • near the middle of the day as possible, cdurtesy co(Otnitttaawfaor3souticrenettsls) In business It IS as well to give the thild its resident of this midday Meal at twelve, and then liet Inv fttiefiza—yeattnlhowhitegroe, 0. city, then a stranger, woot into a hat Jgot;e7tWolr'ealtiwitti,Igruat an hOur. This will give it sleep for iclioerteohierS41.4ealpiggaid tditgvueittnistolietair, tgleleedliticteesrst Vinth a third or fourth failure the clerk he walked away frem the easterner. and irritable. macaw. to bed At rligbt. g6tillifitdrriteyn illoeufmtItellptuintOtsot bvortta,t3 beCciaonalelyPt"hivtlissiihrowd, professiortal men Till: watehed the course 'of eveats at that hat the satne tirito every night, and not store.• It went smash lees them three iitiaroeivtitigh"NsTiA'irinIVIle° aknellfhogbre beleoetDelyi.owiefdattotlastfitonyletliptotsiloliatghety0 toll ehaemrlubatItet4thill not stand at the right titrie, they will not beg to hipeorgaarttentyhe for to -day. stay up, and go to bed Without eryieg, To the bubillesS man who dee a not ed- This les often it cause of children waka grene et nigh,. • vortiao eivilitir makes lets differebee for lug during the night. They should not can liek. reit Free Press. (age seveti)--There are three quarts the light front a street lamp ithitles get tinder when Mr. Hawk is hovering It e t meat.of n a itasura—Bostn poht, J into the room a thild will be waking nOtes Iea 44* " 1111 emitinually. 'A screen placed be - eras rod wide by two rods lone. Per- Crawford—Where they all drowned in Provide for et free circulation -Of air 1 Young men think old Men ard foole; Poultry, cannot stand being shut up In fooks.—.George Chaptilan. casta.—Browning, Make child oleeg quite &Medi', eseeeate langwidgo never thoUght to heir-, with halide upraised in horror. "Stleh a fight against imperialiere is Just be- , es Vineland now has nwean In defiance. tilizers Will be cent bv• expreee for that accident? _ _ 0 through brood coops and poultry house. but old men know that young men aro Measure mind's height bir the :thaw tween the light Mid the ehild will often ninnina to make iteslf felt hi such vows saCritolga,;,kAll but tire fell w mato roe . No, 4 this autulan and for No. 3 next ,,111,1111.••••-••• ••••v• :BRITISH MI) FOR SERBIA HOW 001110 British handy -Men atul Wetentutilital naval oldeer relieved ocigreate tee 104)1141i Or riVrbla, front nenuarentent 01 Austrian. river gtai- nictie ay Wutilli serail 1.0 tritat: Deelt orinalleC 01. Ismael emitters alai til.441015 iii4.71.toul".4.4:41„1.61ttiatitelvtrititat rtoou, but eo former utguttue tet toter aie Curlew= ateence elialear, *alio .11 berlisa arid. Veva gen:Tatty 11114(1 - lie first party went last auttuna, onion toe tiereitat trencitee along tee imreer ironi ti) itountania were ,utfering fronf-tne destructive fire of an lastrian. river fleet or eight gap - peat% operating on the ininaue,. and its tributary, inc itiver b'ave. The enmity river gunboats were armed with Deasy guna And quicitefirers,and protected by thick steel plates, from any reply la), the Serbs. lane bullets merely flattened theuweives against the toughened platen and even au me mailonai Mt from the centime' shell. of the SerDiart field gun did not put tile iroublesome enmity out of action. They %Bye:go:and:Mg ilevoe with the morale ef shrapnel and incendiery beitalas into the Serbiaus, and throwing ellen, Tee christien Selene° Monitor's correspondent says: Without armor -piercing ammunition aud with feiv raines at their dispose.), -he Serbs were unable to cope with die menace, France sent 14 em. uaval guns and with them the gun- ners, but it became desirable to call , in a mine expert in this branch 0/ marine warfare, together with the ap- pliances necessary for the destruc- tion of the monitors.. The British ia'eritwueerslitl,11°anntdletilhtu: iitrieal;eillYtheaatr Xto "Irhe- rived in Serbia. Along with "X," in mufti, came a secretary and a petty otticer "of the old bulldog' type," with a life of. ex- ?erienee in the 13ritish navy and the ingenuity to improvise anYthing front dunliny dreadnought to a high ex- plotive shell, No one suspected the prese.nee of the distinguished British naval officer, He donned the olive green uniform of a Serbtaa colonel of engineers; and. loyally aided by the handy -Man and some Serbian assiat- ants, "X" soak -Tiled a barrier of mines laid across the mouth of the River ;Save, where it joined the Danube; nettling up some ot the Austrian gun- ocats Semlin, opposite Belgrade. That Serbians repulseci an Austrian invasion last December; -and, soon at - ter, more assistance arrived in the shape of a body of British troops — all of them specialists in the work of defense and attack planned to settle the Austrians on the Danube. They Look an old river barge; and, after sheathing it with tin plate and mount- ing machine guns on it, in co -opera - tied with Serbian infa.ntry they made a night attack on an island held 'ty the enemy. The Austrians fled to the mainland before what looked. to them like a dreadnought in the dark- neLssater the. British handy -men trans- formed an old ferry -boat into an im- Promptu torpedo boat, "The Terror of the Danube," and the first of His Serbian Majesty's navy. The old converted ferry accounted for one of tho Austrian river gunboats, and the rest of the Danube fleet is bottled up as securely as Admiral Jellicoe has confined the German high seas fleet. One shot from a monitor must have sunk • the old ferry boat; but are" has returned to Britain, leavping tbe Dan- ube safe in the keeping of it few British handy -men. 4 Butler' s Reply. Tests.. All Youths Must Pass Be- fore They Become Soldiers. The Swiss system is ultra militaris- tic and probably would neiver ac- ceptable to the Gutted States, But it is interesting, nevertheless,, as indicating how the problem of defense bas been met and apparently solved ay the earnest and patriotic people tit a re- public like our own. TLe Swiss system is compulsory and begins with, the early schooling of each boy. He does not drill or handle firearms, however, until he is twenty years old, when tie reports to iederal authorities for physical and literary examination. He must be able to rend and write and figure, tend dnewer questions in elemental Swise history and geography. The physleal tests require that the applicants shell cover at least eight fet in a running jump, lilt a weight of thirty-eoven pounds in both hands at least four times, and run eighty yards in fourteen seconds. Those who fail in these tests are given an exteneion of ttme for fur- ther training, not to exceed four years, and if ithysically disqualified at tile end of that period they are obliged to pay tax, or to take come assigned ecsition which they can Mi.—Kansas City Jennie'. -4 • II A WOMall'S Rights. A. twroulmre.n's rights -4o be loved as she Hone be. ohreuadanbde, trUsted as you are or would yaaprurspaotsgess duly. Ytur hopes end your aims and your A i•jorwm—an's rights—to bo part of you .All winning,tinygerur evil and anger and sin - income, your losing or And that she will know by the light of rhilisehr lligshts.arely a gift, if it isn't a A ric:it.•goih.rent:tiat. 's rights—to be talkea to in Wet ted with candor and frankness and tenderness. A. centred°. companion, through all thia dark wilderness, Part of your passion as well as your prayer: Part. of your hoping and planning and dreaming, Port a your sorrow and trouble and PerAtvooef. your laughter and sunshine and gleaming, lanowirig you, all of you, all that'a to A woman's rights—to have means with-. Every five centa that sho needs iti her itriutet:isking for Her readnese tho object of all you -tiro tuadsk01 nf grthfrc'omrado You have hi Your wife: Proud of her beauty. deVation—and 81y- MorIong than a more casual mention or lese -- A thing to be round when you need Ancr 0119,116V tidt"talm' ea with a Wand or dresti.—Daltimore Bun. 11. 4 •..** Australia's Stony Desert. The• great stony. desert of North Australia Wile disiet,vered bY Captain Sturt, An Australian explorer, in 1845- 0. It is north of tire river Darling, and Is about 800 miles long and 100 broad, consisting of sandy dunes .,or ridges. Its- want of trees, except along the (weeks, gives the country it sterile appearance. These ridges were probably formed ,by the joint effect of winds and a graduelly retiring get+. ere* Very Oursory. At the mid of the senson thelliunteman of a fameas Pack of hounds avent,round Daylrig for arrY damage done toifieles, etc. in one farmhouse, he found: only tho wife at home. Ile explained nas errand. "Has your busband made few examine - Don yet he asked, "That he have, str," replied the wo- mate with a curtsey, "Rather a tursory ektuninetion, I sus - neat?" "Oh dreadful:" eltelainted the ,woman, There was a time; while Lyman Trumbull was chairman of the senate committee on judiciary, than Benjamin Butler was chairman of the judielary committee of the S. house. It. was at this period that a delegation from one of the southern states visited Washington with a desire to secure the impeachment and removal of the federal judge of their state. They in- terviewed Mr. Butler as to the proba- bility ot carrying such a measure through that session. "I don't know," was Mr. Butler's re- ply. "I am chairman of the judiciary committee of the house, The ueces- sary action -can be had here. But Ly- man Trumbull is chairman of the sen- ate committee, and Judge Trumbull is trouble with two things—the dyspep- sia, which makes hiin miserable, and censcieace, which makes him. uncer- tain." Ypres and Death. In. lielland and Flanders, according, to the Manchester Guardian, Ypres is connected in the rnind of the people with the idea of death. If a Dutchman or a lelemieg wishes to describe a par- ticularly lugubrious persou he will say, "Hij stet er alt als de deed van Yperen" ("He looks like the death of Ypres"). This expression has been 'proverbial sinte Ypres was ravaged by the plague in 1849; "the death of Ypres" is a vivid expression like our "black death." But it is also 'taker). literally, for Ypres is in sober truth one of the dead titles of Flanders. It is more dead than "Brtiges la morte," which owes its reputation in this re. spect more to George Rodenbaeh's novel and the reveries of other artists than to actual fact. "Ypres sleeps and Bruges slumbers," say a Dutch writez• of travel pietures. "LETTERS OF BLOOD." (London Daily News and Leader) The peonies of England and France. of Italy and Russia may be Ignorant of much . They are not ignorant of the way In which German conduets war. L.et us surmose that the horrors undoubtedly perpetrated in 13elgium are malicious- Im- aginal:toes, and that General Botha. is mistaking in attribUting the poisoning of the wells in what was once German South West Africa to the only person who had the MOODS of executing this crime. Aro the zeppelins 'which are murderieg the women and children of our coast towns and imagination? Is the loss of the Lusitania, or the Arabic a. Inyth? The people, to whom the Ger. man Chancellor appeals, Ittrow better than this. They have seen tvith .their eyes and heard with their ears; the eonclusive evidence of uerinan "blood -guiltiness." No Cmcusea can palliate It. No, plea of national reeessitY can hide it. Whether the witr prove long or short, successful or unsuccessful, the mentoty of these execrable savageries will live perman- entiv in the Minds -of men. BRITAIN'S STAVING POWER. Transerint) sioying power as it develops In Eng. isnii is wmth rather more to the ()olive titan it tan he In Germanv, for' at it has monthly been fed on :emcees, while London had bad very tittle to give In new eourege. Against ell reverses England atamls arm, these latest reports 'IC t Not classes of her eitiethe imve thown mai loyalty, l.it the etaving timer of democracy in I) 4 •