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Home My WebLink AboutThe Wingham Advance, 1914-09-24, Page 5?are $ 3 08 PAVSY egtsTvv=etv11+ UFrAL0 LE-vgL,AN D THE WINGRAN Y VA,hr CAPTURE OF SHIPS (1 RAID UNLIKELY-nr 'lin PART OF WAR GAME � �. N:•'A •405 SIL{ .% ',�i„'Y '1F-,1 �'� kT AY t'?t r THE GREAT SHIP c'SEEA1VIAiil fi't Leh SOQ feet; breadth 90 feet. 6 recta) 5.0 etelerootas end Partes oeoouu odatL,e 1$00passes. CM. Theater is cost. --target In all proportions -slater ht e11 sppoinlwuuts--fbau ani "win" on. Leland waters. of *bo world. Insame* Jame rel. Aisgaiiiaant Steamer. "SEEAINDBE,E," "City of Erie" and "city of Btdtilo't Daily -- BUFFALO and CLEVELAND— May lit to Doc., ist Lava nuind* + 9:00 P. 3t, Leave Cleveland • + 9t00 P. 141. R Arrive Cleveland « 7230 A. M. Arrive Burfeto • • 7130 4, 71. (Eastern Standard 'Time) Conu.etloos at Cleveland far rut-in.IIar.Toledo, Detroit mud all points West and Southwest. nausead tickle reading between iiuffalo and Cleveland Are good. for transt/ursetlono,r our steamers. Ads Your ticket ogees for teckets rht C. St B. Una. Write us for handsome illustrated booklet free, THE CLEVgL.AIND Ic BUFFALO TRANSIT CO.. Clevol.isi, O. •0<>0<>(>0(>0<>0<><>0'?0<)000 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 NEW Fall Goods OR some time Fall Goods have been arriving and passed into. stock so that we are now fully prepar- ed for the fall trade. We have a good assortment of DRESS GOODS at reasonable prices. A large • range of Velvets and Vel- veteens iri all the leading weaves and shades. Heavy All -wool, Plaid Ma,ntlings for coats. Ladies', Children's and Men's Sweater Coats, Ladies' Chinchilla Coats, newest styles We also have Bran, Shorts, all kinds of feed, Flour, Purity, Royal= household, Robinhood, Pure Mani- toba, in blends;, quality and Golden city" Try our Robinhood OAT MEAL. All kinds of Produce taken on goods. .0.000.0000.000000 Destruction of Commerctt a Big FAG" for in Modern Warfare-- Some Exceptions It fa generally recognized as a sound principle of international law that an enemy's vessel is liable to capture either in territorial waters or on the high seas. It has been pointed out by a Learned writer on the subject that in face of the results maritime capture has often produced it is stile to pretend that it is not among the Most formidable of belligerent wea- pons; one cogent reason being that by rendering sailors prisoners of war it saps the Offensivelm.aritime strength of the belligerent to which the vessel belongs. It has been said that this principle has 'been weakened in modern times. In 1865 Italy adopted a marine codelby which the capture , of mercantile vessels of a hostile nation by Italian vessels of war was forbidden in all cases where reciproc- ity was observed, and a similar course was followed by Austria and Prussia in 1806. In 1870 Prussia ex- empted French vessels, from capture without insisting on relciprocity, But upecial reasons may be assigned for the departure from old methods in those instances, an important con- sideration being the ycompal* ative mari- time weakness of the powers con- cerned at that time. When we ,Come to more recent times, we find, that Count Capriyi, Chancellor of the Ger- man Empire, in 1892 pointed out 4hat the changes which had come about in the methods of conducting a mari- time war did not tend to favor the protection of private property at sea. He said in substance that not naval battles but either invasion or the de- struction of the enemy's commerce would in°future bring a war to an end. Invasion was often impracticable, and thus the destruction of trade was the one and only method to attain the object of the belligerent power. Marine insurance is nowadays of an international character; and it is sig- nificant that English underwriters de- posited some time ago at the Chamber of Commerce in Hamburg an under- taking in writing to fulfil their obli- gations to Germen creditors at the due date, war or no war. Such an undertaking could not be enforced at law in the courts of either country either during or at the conclusion of war, at any rate in respect of losses occurring while war was in progress. The courts do not recognize an alien enemy as having any legal standing whatever. While, however, the enemy's vessels are liable to capture, and goods on board to confiscation,it is generally recognized that destruction is to be avoided wherever possible. Passen- gers on an enemy's ship would he liable to be disembarked at the earliest opportunity, and they would have no remedy, but they would run little risk of more serious consequences, since it is almost unthinkable that a pas- senger vessel would •resist capture by. a 'man-of-war. Still, it• must not be 'forgotten that a vessel seeking to' evade capture would be liable to be tired upon and possibly sunk. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 et -Mills.I J. o Wingham 0 Phone 89 BOY SCOUT ASSOCIATION Men To lead Again bas it been bhown that the men of the British Empire are men of Character, Integrity and Honor. and again 'has it been shown that tbis same honour must be thorogbly in- culcated within the hearts of the rice ing generation assisting them to be- come hood, useful, honorable, upright citizenes. The principles of the Bay Scouts Association is already showing its mark upon the boss of this generation. and can be made of great help to tbe boys of any centro if only the men can be procured to lead, The secret of the Boy Scouts Asso- ciation is that the leader merely or- ganizes the work, sugga3ts tbe ambit- ion and the boy has full liberty in ancompliehing the objet aimed at, F eedom without orgat.ized aim would b 1 thaw,. The Scoutmaster initiates the amb- ition in the boy leaving him free to gain hits objective in his o•vn was.; he does not instruct, be leade the boy on to learn for himself. Thue itis that as he successfully accomplish one step after another the boy develops the c almnese of confidence self- reliance, and e1 f reliance, and the cheerfulness of free- dom and teiumph. There ie geed work to be accomp- lished in any community tf only the men can be induced to lead; to give a few hours each week on behalf of the Hops, ft la a noble work to help mould the boys Into good citizens for Canada, $t Is n. work that caste for men on the firing line tinder the Banner of • good Oitixensbip.iteader will you help? The boys want leaders, "Men, give us Men'. Any inforn:ration will be gladly fore, warded by applying to the Provincial secretary, Moor & Sherbourbe Ste, Toronto, Ont. The height* by great Men reached and kept Were not attained' sudden tight; But they, white their GOnapaniont tAEAM ,u.,Juuuuuuu) PERRIN'S MALTO-CREAM SANDWICH A delicious, oddly- shaped biscuit, with the' delightful tang of malted milk and a rich cream filling. At your grocer's. THE PERRIN "SAMPLER" PACKAGII is a box of delioioue biscuit - surprises. Send 10e. (coin or stamps) and your grocer's name for it. D. S. Perrin & Company LIMITED LONDON • CANADA 20 ti t t •) M!1QtO 11 11tt ;REAM 1 � U WEALTH OF TOGOLAND - African Colony Taken by Great Britain Is Healthy Spot Togoland, the fourth and smallest of German protectorates on the West Coast of Africa, which was taken by Britain by an expeditionary force of Gold Coast troops, has a coast line of about thirty miles only, but the strip of territory extends inland for about 350 miles. Whilst narrowing on the northern frontier to about thirty-two miles, it widens in the cen- tre to fully 100 miles, It is calculated that Togoland comprises an area of nearly 34,000 square miles, and there is a population of fully 1,000,000. • There are fewer than 400 Germans in the colony. Most of these are at Lome, the chief town, and they con- sist of officials and traders. Togo - land, like the other German West African colonies, suffered from the methods adopted in 'developing the territory; but it is a rich country, producing palm oil and palm nut ker- nels, cocoa, kola nuts, rubber, and the many fibres yielded by tropical forests. In addition to building Lome on lines which render it one of the healthiest towns on the West Coast, the Germans spent about $250,000 in the construction of a landing stage. Home -Rule Bili Stoned The ging on Friday attached !lir signature to the Home Mile Bili whlell thee gets upon the Statute Books, MIT ham already been passed, however which will delay the putting inte. operation of the measure for at leas: a ,veal', training Ship Foundered The British training ship t'iegartr Il„ formerly the brtttleshifl Ereliu° foundered dieting a Stale to the En h Ohf a•i, last week and 21 aver vr� FROM ACROSS Each army is equipped with heavy field and siege gune. The 13ritieh use 4 5 -inch calibre gun, wh eh s Inches long. It is knows as a beau b&ttery gun and it weighs 4,268 pounds. Its charge is 91 pounds of cordite and it can throw shrapnel 10,000 Yards, or more than Jive miles. The gun and its equipment weighs 11;872 pounds. Tho British aleo uNa a 6 -inch howitzer, which weighs. 3,380 pounds and wihiclh can throw a shell weighing 122 pounds more then 7,000 yards. Thin gun and its equipment Is Just half the we ' .tat of the fve•incle gun. France uses a le •of G,1 bracecalibre. The semi, ha 94 Pounds and the gun has t efive range of 7,000 yards. Titcell of Llhis gun opens autonlatl....tly after each round and trout 4 to 5 shots a minute can be fired. The Germans have a heavy batters gun of 4 inclics calibre which is 417 effective up to 5,750 yards with shrap- nel and with common shell up to 11,000 yards. There are six of these guns in a battery, but it is a slow weapon to move about because of its weight and a platform, which it ie necessary to carry for cacti gun. The Germans also use a howitzer of 6 inches calibre which can. be fired two or three times a minute, Canada Probably Has Little to Fear From Germane Living in the United &tater The danger of raids into C 1" a;l'a territory by German sy sop itliizere i.1 the United States is me cr the con- tingencies of t.ho present war which the Canadlan Militia Darartme t guarded against on the first thews of hostilities in Europe. Scetloas cf regiments are on guard at practi all points whore vandalism could cause serious damage, Canal gates, bridges, docks, elevators, etc., are under the rifle, of Canadian militia men. Many of the stories of attempt d destruction roio1vcd into halucia atone, but there remained eufficient evidence to prepare tilq Militia De- partment for trouble. nom two points rumors came regarding con spiracies to wreak vengeance on Can• adieu property and at both points, Buffalo and Ogdensburg, assurances were received from the local pollee authorities that their. vigilance may be relied upon to abciit the plans of any marauding expeditions,' l'ollo.v- ing is a letter received from ercha l Regan, Superintendent of Police at Buffalo: • "In reference to the possibility of 'German -Americans' raiding Canada now that England and Germany, are in a state of war, I see nothing in conditions here that would warrant Such action. The great majority of German -Americans are among the best of our law-abiding citizens, and while they are dearly attached to the 'Fatherland have too much settee to attempt tine capture of Canada. This Government would soon quash such a movement if attempted. Of course, there are cranks in all com- munities and as individuals they may be tempted to go over and commit some rash act, but as for a general raid, nothing to it," Following is a letter from M. T. Power, Chief of Police of Ogdens- burg, N.Y.: • "Canadians need have no ground for alarm in the matter of German - Americans from United States' bound- ary points in this section. German - Americans and all other Americans are peaceably disposed and do not in any wise intend to violate any of the neutrality laws, as near as I can ascertain." The only source of trouble, in the opinions of most Canadians, is the pro -German "crank" referred to by Superintendent Regan, of Buffalo, and against his inventions every pre- caution has been taken. AU troops now on 'guard in Canada are under orders to challenge all strangers and have liberty to fire on any who d:s- obey. Germany's Wireless The world's biggest wireless station is situated at Nauen, just outside This is especially true for lieutenants, Ber:in. front there the German war for this enquiry reveals the fact that lords direct the progress of the con- in battle all officers from captains up- ward are non-existent so far as the Messages can be despatched by its common soldiers are concerned- They MOTIONLESS UNDER FIRE Soldier's Most Awful Test --Relief Comes When Word Charge is Given Every one must have wondered how he would feel in battle for the first time. We may get some idea of how the average roan feels •under such circumstances from a study of the psychology of battle, published in Italy. Lieut: Col. Mangiarotti of the Seventy-seventh Infantry carefully examined more than 2,000 soldiers who first faced fire in the re cent war between Italy and Turkey, and he summarizes their statements in the Rivista Militare. Be questioned them by one. • Out of 2,000 men 1,700 confessed that their most trying moment in the whole campaign was when they first heard hostile bullets whistle about their ears. But almost all of them said they veere much Less frightened than they had expected to be, and that the scare diminished ',rich each battle. The average soldier finds the most terrifying position to be that of stand- ing motionless in the front rank, ex- posed to the enemy's fire without be- ing able to reply. The order to ad- vance or to charge with axed bay- onets ayonets is then received as a release from agony. Movement, even into greater peril, distracts the mind and greatly reduces the mental anguish. Soldiers are seriously affected by the trembling of their superiors. Au officer Who shakes in his shoes is a coward in the eyes of the rank and rile, although the men know that many military heroes—Henri 1V., Turenne and B•rederlck the Great, for instance—tremeled on going into a fight. Colonel Mangiarotti says that of- ficers must understand this feeling. agency, not only to any part of Ger- many proper, tut to her warships in distant waters, and to her colonies in Africa and Asia. The system of wireless in use at Nauen is known as the teleiunken, round them ---was it love of country, meaning "sounding spark," 'and this religion, their oath of fidelity to their exactly describes It: Sounding sparks! King? I went ahead," they replied That is what you are listening to almost unanimously, "because my when you piaee a telefunken receiver lieutenant went ahead." to your ear. It seems that once the battle le on No words, of course, are audible; and the first feeling of terror has only the short and long sounds of the vanished soldiers feel as if sot free, Morse code, the signals sounding very The fever of combat takes possession much like musical notes—a series of of them and they think about clothing notes, all of the same tope and pitch else. --played on an ordinary whistle. Yet anybody who understands the code can Falk or listen at will across thou- Sands of miles of empty space. keep their eyes on their lieutenants exclusively. This was brought out when Colonel Mangiarotti asked the men what sentiment animated them when the bullets were failing tel Smell Farms in War Zone Most of the Belgian farms aro r farm in Belgian t A�60ace s allg small. How to Pay For the War loOked upon as very large, Less than From an economic point of view, one two thousand Belgian landowners London financial expert asks, how own more than 250 acres apiece. will England foot the bill for her war gore than in England, perhaps, the Belgian buys land for a expenses? "All that is necessary;' , an investment he answers, "is that the money we pure and simple without en eye to have been lending to foreign coon, social position or any intention of tries, and wihlch last year antottnted,trr cultivating ,it. TIe lets it at a tato $1,000,000,000, should now be devoted bgulivalont i.o the ,;!trent rate of in• to serer purposes." i Latest on the purohase money, AN ENERGETIC GENERAL Von Der Goltz One of the Kaiser's Leaders, a Tireless Soldier v Field Marshal von der Goltz who was named by the Kaiser as military governor of Belgium after the Ger- man occupation of Brussels, was the organizer of the worst -beaten army in modern history, Kirk Kilisse and Lula Burgas were assumed abroad to have burled Goltz Pasha's reputation. But a different opinion prevails at the German General Staff. • Von der Goltz is Inspector General of the Second Army Section. His reputation as an organizer rests in his own coun- try on his work as General of the First Army Corps—the Russian border le. gions—at Konigsberg, which he com GENERAL VON DER GOLTZ mended between 1902 and 1907. The assignment to the command of the corps of his native East Prussia was particularly agreeable to him and to the material with which he had to work. At Konigsberg Goltz had full play for his tactical genius. He devoted his energies to developing the strate- gic training of the First Corps, which will be called upon ;o bear the brunt of the fighting with Russia. He in- culcated relentlessly in officers and troops the doctrine that soldiering is all work and no play, and himself served as a tireless example of the theory. His critiques of manoeuvres were extraordinarily instructive. New points of view were constantly being revealed by him. An officer who served in Goltz's corps was looked upon as having studied the art of war at the fountain head. Goltz is 70 years old, and has been writing, fighting, and working for more than 50 years of •the time. SOLDIER'S GALLANTRY 00001.10.010.0.000.000 Wounded French Officer insists• on Aesallant Being Spared Stirring accounts of the skirmishes at the front occasionally get before the public in the form of letters home from soldiers. Here is one from a young Preneh cavalry officer in Alsace: "I had to leave ray station. ori tb patrol some wo d s in front of our line, In the middle of the wood we saw a clearing in which .stood a dismounted section of German cavalry at the gate of a large farm. "The lieutenant in charge of our party at once made up his mind. He took half of the troop to make a de- tour and approach the farm from the opposite side, while he left me in charge of the rest of the men to attack from the front. "In a few minutes we galloped on to the farm from both sides, The Germans, hearing the noise of horses' hoofs, ran out of the farm and tried to remount, but we were on tilers too quickly. "My lieutenant fell with a bullet in his thigh. 'Never mind me,' he thouted, 'into the farm quick, and cut them tip.' We rushed into the farm. yard after the foe. "The Germans took refuge in the byres, and, hiding behind the tattle, fired revolvers at us. We soon finish- ed them off. The last, however, was a German sergeant who had shot the lieutenant, He hid behind a cow. 1 fired two shots, and the aminal fell dead. "I was about to shoot the German when our lieutenant, who had been carried in, said, 'Spare him; take him prisoner,' We quickly disarmed all the prisoners." Get Your J Priiiting done ADVANCE the .t War With Prices A List of Remarkable Bargains, Record Breaking Values in Fifteen Departments. New Goods are in Stock comprising Twenty.five Cases of this Seasons Best Productions. In order to encourage morning shopping we will give a useful premium "FREE" to every Customer ',buying Fve Dollars or more worth of Goods in any Department. Time up to 12 ' o'clock each day. New Plaids and Cheeks fine for Child- rens wear. Our price - 10C.. 10 doz. all wool ribbed hose seanelese, fast; black, Beg. value 40e. War price 29c, 15 doz. heavy ribbed worsted hose, sizes 8, 8*, 9, 9i• and 10, 35o valves. War Price - - - 25c. Hand Bags, a special line of new hand bags up to date extra special while they last - - 69c, LadIes' Coats, new styles and latest cloth effects bought to sell at 12.50. War Price $10.00 Bargains in childrens' coats, new styles just in, prices begin at - 2.95 Underskirts, a line of fancy Domet flan- nel underskirts, regular dollar value. War Price - - - 59c. Ladies Boots, 30 pairs of fine Dongola laced boots, regular value 2.25. Wax price t 1.75 �go,g d strong school boot, blucher ' . u: price - - 1.95 Dress Goods, all the new weaves are in for Fall --a special line of new plaid only 50c. Worsens Flannelette night gowns made of fine english eloth special - - 75c, Veiveteans, just received new stock of velvets and velveteans in all the new colors se our special line at - • 45c, House Dresses, a fine lot to clear, dark or light eolors, your choice for - 1.50 Bargains in womens underwear, extra special vest or drawers. War price 25c. Window Blinds, lace trimmed green or cream color, cut price - - 45c. Second floor for bargains in all kinds of House furnishings, carpets, oilcloths, rugs, linoleum, reduced prices. Fancy satinette underskirts, new colors, good style. War prices - • 89c.. Bargains in wrappers, just received, eiveedd, new wrappers, good roomy make nut patters, bines, blacks and grays, our special, prices only - - - - $1.98 000 p oy's Underwear, grey fleece lined Shirts and Drawers, all sizes Men's Store BWn'ars.SPriche - - - • cepts; Meirts, aline of heavy black twill Working Shirts,- 25 regular value One Dollar each and they go at - 75 cents. Men's strong pants $2.50 value for • $2.00 FreeWith every SUIT OF OLOTHES or OVERCOAT;'sold at TEN DOL- FLARS or over we will give a good Fall or Winter Ow 'the new Suits and Overcoats are now in Stock. Take a look at our "FITE-RITE" Brand ree Styles and Patterns are sure to please, Grocery Specials Good, Fresh Salmon, per tin. . Rice of good Quality, 6134 for Special Blend of Tea Laundry Starch per lb New Cheese, per lb Corn Starch, package e08e. 30c IOc 25c 25c 25c 10c Corn Syrup in pails 25c Fancy Sweet Cakes per lb 35c Corn Flakes 3 packages for OSc Soda Biscuit, per pail 18c 7 Bars Laundry Soap 4.0.0...1.1111111.1•11011 NMOIMIOM Highest Prices will be paid for Farm Produce. H. ISARD & CO. Qorrie Mr, and Mrs. Jas. Sherar motored to Elmira on Friday last. Dr. McCormick, who had charge of Dr. Whiteley's practice while he was away on his holidays, left for London, Ont., on Saturday. Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Walker visited with friends in Clinton on Friday. Mr. Samuel Hunter is laid up from injuries received by his falling off a load of straw on Friday last at ;the farm ,:of Mr. Hilton Ashton. The cause of the accident was by the binding pole breaking. The nanny friends of Mr. Samuel Nay will be sorry to hear of his serious illness and hope for his speedy re- covery. Stevens & Co, held their millinery openings on Saturday last. Mite Shinbine is again at the head of that department. Mr. and Mrs, T. 13, McLaughlin are visiting with friends in Bowwanville, etc. The woodwork :on the outside of the :Methodist parsonage has been newly painted, Dr. Armetrong has also painted bis residence. Both buildings have been much improved by their new dress, The Rev. W. (I, Connolly, B. A, of Japan;; occupied the pulpit in the Methodist Church on Sunday morning and Leveniug . preaching Missionary sermons, Mrs, J. Armstrong is visiting with her son, J. G. in Lucknow this week. To Wingham's Young Men. The place that Canada holds today among the nations of the world has largely been determined by the strength and spirit of her young men. ]led fl have ever s Our Canadian boys their places in the arts of peace, and the power and resod' hefulness dereton- ed in our bracing climate has placed many of them as leaders itl the world and we are proud of them. Should the time ever come when our young men are found weak and lagging, lacking in entbtt0ictsinr vision and strong endeavour, the may look for a country whose prosperity and fair name are coon to be things of the pest. ofor leaders in our r' look et our young Ill ell altimes fessions and mighty iudutttie,. :»u. and should the time ever come tt ben danger • threatens t11ia fatrland of ours, we will look to t,ur e. kinin; int ii to defend our hornets with their etre ngth. Wo hope and trust that spell A time may tweet come, but the present struggle in Europe bat} shown us that ttlsda.'y riven yet be requited of tis to shoulder Oat rifle to guard our British' We have seen our boys in the fore- front of battle, strong in their purpose, firm in their tread, true to their trust. They have acquitted themselves in the art of war as nobly as in the arts of peace. But strength and honor come not to the unprepared. Wore we to look back over theelines of those who' have so bravely marched to the front and stood the force of conflict, we would find their strength was gained through preparation by patient toil and thought, self-discipline and drill. The strongest and truest are those whose training has been gained before the final charge. Oan you, young men, afford to remain unprepared ? You may be needed, Our armory is ready, capable officers are in command and lnetruc- tions will be given gladly. Arrange,' ments hard been made for regular drill and rifle practice both indoors and out so that no one need complain of his not having a'chance. Prepara- tion may be had here, in all but actual field practice which is given in the annual camps, amid congenial and pleasant surroundings, In return our country only asks that you be willing to bind yourself, for a period of three yeare, to go to her defence in case of need, Service for any purpose other than Canadian defence is entirely voluntary even after enlisting. Will you do your part. We do not wish to encourage the military spirit, but preparedness may ba the piece of our freedom, and a voluntary service prevents that military oppreeston which is so con- spicuous in some Europeatl countries today. aminimiommisimes...mmin COUNTER CHECK t BOOKS j ... There is no need of sending your orders for counter check books out of town. We can fill ordere prompt- ly at prices that will defy competition, Ask• to see our eawpleo. They are the very latest thing in the line and can be had in Iblue, black or red ink, No I difference in the price. Wingharn Advance Wingham, iOnt. %III MEM OM 111011111111511INII IMO 11011 South Afritan Leader Resigns • Brigadier -General Christian Freder- ick Boyers, Commandant -General of the 'Union of South Africa's defence forces, has resigned this post because of his disapproval of the action of Great Britain in sending commandoes to congquer German Southwest Africa. An order in Council has been issued - prohibiting airships from flying with- in ten miles of any of the chief cities or fortified points in Canada. Joseph Laruo, charged with wife, ,reureer, was acquitted by Clianceilo7 ;10,04 at .Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. 0111111111111110 411611111121518 enelliallilill111111111111111 Photographic Gallery Our Photographs are more than good photographs they are true potraits, bring- ing out all that's best in character and in- dividuality. Kindly call and inspect our work Nile yt ars experience with a leading 1 hotographer in London, England. Two years as student in the Cheltenham Art School. i i W i ghat;►, The 1111.111101111110 11111111111111111110 41011111101100111111111111111111i Mann Art Studio int. (Succeseor to W. Armstrong) r