HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance-Times, 1984-03-21, Page 60Canola crop popular...
°Erorts page 28
trifluralin (treflan) is the only registered
pre -plant incorporated herbicide. It is
applied at 0.8 to 1.1 kg/ha of active
ingredient, pre -plant incorporated with a
disk or vibrating shank cultivator, and then
by a second incorporation at right angles to
the first.
Treflangives good annual grass control
and some broadleaf control but misses
ragweed, mustard and lady's thung.
Poast is registered for post emergence
control of annual grasses and volunteer
cereals. Recommended rates are 0.9 to 1.9
litres/ha plus Assist oil concentrate.
Applications for full registration have
been submitted for three herbicides to be
used with triazine-tolerant canola:
• Atrazine - 0.75 kg/ha (a.i.) applied early
post (two leaf stage) with oil; or pre -emer-
gence applications at planting using 1 kg/ha
(a.i.). '
• Bladex Liquid - 1.5 kg/ha (a.i.) applied
early post (two leaf stage). No additional oil
is necessary with Bladex Liquid. If Bladex
powder is used, oil is necessary.
• Sencor (metribuzin) - may be used alone or
in a tank mix with Treflan. The rate is 0.37
kg/ha (a.i.) pre -plant incorporated.
All these herbicides will control wild
mustard as well as most other annual weeds.
Spraying must be done early for good
control. Atrazine is the least expensive and
most widely used triazine herbicide.
Caution! Before spraying, be sure all
residues of 2, 4-D, MCPA or other phenoxy-
type herbicides are thoroughly removed
from the sprayer. Canola is extremely
sensitive to these' herbicides.
Swathing: Swath when 25 per centof the
seeds in averagepods have turned from
green to red or brown. Over ripe canola will
shatter badly and is too fluffy to swath well.
If difficulties are encountered, it helps to
swath when the crop is moist with dew or a
light drizzle. It also helps to use dividers. On'
swathers, these are* asaall"y'" sfeeT"ro'ds (e.g.
silo hoops) which curve' up abovethe crop
and force the crop down where the knife cuts
it off. With a divider like this, cutting the
next swath in the oppposite direction helps
to pick up the strip pushed down by the
,wide j Leave as much stubble as possible
to atm swathing, keep the windrow off the
ground, and minimize wear on the combine.
Combining:, Most combine manuals include
instructions for canola, A belt pickup is
preferred. Combine adjustments will be 600
to 75 rpm. 2 cm (3/4") from concave
clearance and 1 cm (3/8") rear concave
clearance, with wind essentially closed and
sieves closed. Some operators use rapeseed
screens while others do not. Canola threshes
easily. Avoid breadking up the. straw as
much as possible. Use just enough wind to
float straw and pods on the plant at a corn
plant population of 23,000 -chafer while seeds
are shaken out. Good combine set up will
allow some pod -ends to come into the bin. A
very clean sample likely means seed is being
blown out the back of the combine. Be
prepared to plug leaks in the combine.
Moisture Contents Canola seed is sold on the
basis of 10.5 per cent moisture. However, it
stores well at less than 10 per cent moisture.
Canola dries quickly in the swath. Unally�
seven days of good drying weather will
lower the moisture content into ,the proper
range. Canola seed moisture can drop by one
per cent or more per hour in the swath on a
good drying day. Most operators start
combining a$ about 13 per cent moisture.
Marketing: Canola can be delivered to a
number of Ontario .elevators as well as
directly to two crushers. Deliveries should
be pre -arranged to avoid problems. Contacts
at the crushers are: Paul Glennie, Canadian
Vegetable Oil Processing, Hamilton (416-
527-9121) and Ken Latta, Maple Leaf
Monarch Co., Toronto (416-252-5551).
Maple Leaf Monarch's crushing plant is in
Windsor but arrangements for delivery are
made through their Toronto office.
Opportunities exist to forward sell part of
next year's crops. Contact crushers' or
elevators for details.
Quality: A sample is taken and hand picked
to determine the percentage of visibly
damaged seeds. A 100 seed counter stick is
repeated five times to determine green seed
percentage and ten times for heat damage
assessment. Dockage is assessed as the
material removed when the seed is cleaned.
Mustard seed, when it is less than 5 per cent
of the total, is disregarded and does not
affect grade, but at levels exceeding 5 per
cent it will reduce the quality of the oil
produced.
Whiter Canola
Many varieties of winter canola are now
available under. contract. Winter survival
has been the main obstacle to production of
this crop. A 30 per cent stand which is evenly
spaced will fill in to produce average yields.
The yield potential is 40 - 50 per cent more
_..tharn_.,sp g.,.ganPla. Apel_ it_.-as-_saghth 1:-e.ss .
winter hardy than winter wheat. Loamy .or
sandy 'soils are best as heaving is a problem
in heavier soils. Good snow cover helps to
reduce this.
Planting: The optimum dates are mid -late
August. This allows time to build root
reserves up but not for the plant to grow too
high. Seeding rates of three to four kg/ha
mixed withfive kg/ha of insecticide sown
through a grain drill have given the best
results. Fertilizer can be broadcast to supply
30 kg/ha actual of nitrogen, phosophorus
and potash. Early spring is the time to put on
100` kg/ha of actual nitrogen. This crop is
very competitive so herbicides are generally
not needed.
Harvesting: Winter canola does not shatter
as much as spring canola so it may be direct
combined. As with spring canola, dividers or
vertical cutter bars must be used to guide
the ,plants into the combine. Swathing may
also be done.
Certified seed can aid
in overall weed control
The farmer's 'war on weeds' is a fight that
truly never ends! Use of Certified seed plays
an important part in keeping weed popula-
tions -down.
Bin run seed is bound to contain a certain
level of weed seed contamination. Granted,
these will be weed species that are already
established in your soils. However, the weed
seeds contained in a bin run sample will
simply increase more competition, tougher
control and a further build up of the weed
population.
Certified seed can make an important
contribution to the overall weed control
program. Canadian Seed Growers' Associa-
tion (CSGA) members go to considerable
length to ensure that their pedigreed
product is free of weed seeds. Prior to
certification, representative samples of
every seed crop are submitted to Agriculture
Canada laboratories.
Strict government standards dictate a very
rigorous testing procedure for samples of
potential Certified seed. No prohibited
weeds such as cleavers in rapeseed, or field
bindweed in wheat - are allowed. An
absolute minimum of nuisance weeds (wild
oats, stinkweek, etc.) is permitted. If the
sample doesn't meet these stringent criteria,
it cannot be sold 'as Certified seed.
Obviously, Pedigreed seed growers do
everyting possible to eliminate weeds in
their crops - their livelihoods depend on
doing so! Comprehensive weed control
programs are practised on these farms.
Drills, combines and trucks are thoroughly
cleaned between each field and each
operation to prevent contamination. Certi-
fied seed is handled with separate augers,
and stored separately from other crops.
From seeding through final cleaning, every,
step of the production process is geared to
prevention of weed seed contamination.
Certification standards ensure numerous
other benefits. in addition to being weed
free, Certified seed guarantees high germ-
ination from large kernels that provide the
best in seedling vigour. Minimal disease
levels also help in producing maximum
yields.
Growers who use bin run seed are
gambling with all of their other crop produc-
tion inputs. Per acre cost savings are
negligible with bin run versus Certified
seed.
The Fay Fditlon, Week of Mach 21, 1954 - 29
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