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The Exeter Times, 1924-7-10, Page 7aaP„AUro ErtGIzvl{. COOL. inc7:plo of engine cooling and' • g„ s .o- ''!i'i or a cools sys- tem r zecessar ler n Y Y r 'properly I`1 •'o r e v in tan 6 e fUnGtl ori ) 0 e t n b I P every automobile areamongonPth thin s motorists should understand. The automobile engine derives its power from,"-heat.A charge of gasoline, mired with air, is taken into the cyl- inder of the engine in a comparative- lycool state, In the cylinder it is compressed and ignited, As it burna the temperature is greatly increased and, the pressure in that .cylinder increases in propor- tion to the increase in the tempera- ture. i'OwER FOR DRIVING. Thus power is derived for driving the machine, However, the excessive temperature, which runs up to about 5,000 Fahrenheit, heats the working parts of the engine—that is, the pis- tons and cylinders—to such a degree that unless some of the heat is`dissi- ppated it would be impossible to main- tain a film of oil between these work- ing parts. Consequently they would bind or stick and the engine would not run. • The metal parts forming the com- bustion chamber also would get so hot that the incoming charge of fuel would, be ignited when contracting with them. If` -the engine could run at all under this condition consider- able power' would be lost. carr It. is necessary, therefore, to y off enough -heat', to keep the working parts at a temperature that will per- mit proper lubrication and insure con- trol of the ignition., On this account every automobile is: provided with a coling system. Two systems of cooling an auto engine, namely, by air and by water, are in common use. In the air-cooled system the heat is carried away from the cylinders by a steady stream of air, which is caused to flow over the cylinders. The efficiency of this op- eration` is increased by prol?iding many projections or fins on the cylin- ders, which, in turn, provide- a large area for the air to act upon. Thus these is ready exit for the heat of the engine. While the water-coole system in d Ystem the ail, carries off the heat as in the air-cooled system, it does so indirect- ly. The heat, is absorbed from the cylinders by,water carried in jackets surrounding the cylinders. The water then flows.' to the radiator, where the nir extracts the heat from it, ile 1• • lata n of water • i cin u To c Ina main a a o Sa pump is usually employed. This pump takes the water that has been heateded at the GYlin ereand sendsds it to the radIatox Here it travels vels through many small passages which are surrounded by. air spaces.. Con, sequently, there is a large area of surface with which air can come in ontact with this water and a fan is usually employed to keep the air in. rapid circulation. Much of the heat is, therefore, -extracted from the water and it is possible to return compara- tively cool water to the cylinders to pick up :more'heat.` In this fashion the cooling process is accomplished.' GREATEST, EFFICIENCY: In order to operate at its greatest efficiency the engine should be rather iva'ni when running, because what- ever heat is carried off is not turned into power. If the engine is over - Cooled its power is decreased. To care for this matter a car may be provided with a visible;. thermometer in its radiator and with shutters, by means of whichthe amount of air circulation through the radiator can be con- trolled. A car may be equipped, with a ther- mostat in the . water system, which automatically opens or closes the shutters as the engine gets too hot or' too cold. Or a thermostat may be used which operates a valve control- ling the amount' of water or •the speed. of the water that flows to the water jacket. A modification of the water-cooling system is the "thermo-siphon" system in which no pump is used. In this system the radiator is made larger, the water jackets surrounding the cylinders are ofgreater capacity and the pipes connecting the two are larg- er in diameter. This system depends for its 'operations upon the principles that cold water is heavier than hot and therefore, the water as it is heated in the water jackets rises, and as it is cooled in the radiator, falls, all of which tends to keep it in circulation. An advantage of this system -lies in the fact that the speed of circula- tion is proportionate to the heat ab- sorbed from the engine. It, there- fore, tends• to keep the- engine at a more even temperature under all con- ditions than can be accomplished through the use of a pump. A 'dis- advantage 'lies -in the liability to an easy stoppage, because there Is no great force to keep the water in cir- culation. A recent photograph of Gaston by the National assembly. Doumergue, elected presiden of France A Sonnet. • My twilight garden waits me in a hush ,More poignant than the silvery lighted moon, Or when each plant, becomes a burn- ing bush Reflected from the 'climbing title of noon. I walk therein, I prop and water them, These miracles in leafy -spur and hood. Sometimes i m r y the • seem to brush my gar- ment's arment's herr: With an unspoken meaning: gratitude,, A .sense of homely menftiries we share, The days we fought and worated flood. or drouth, Our sadness when. November stalks blow bare' Or:wilting winds are sultry from the south , A leaf—is it a finger ? t'aitclies me, `As I move .past, dumb yet'remindingly,. -- S 1 �'�"'r i ,?�''•C<. ;, r A Kick. Top Flat Tenant--"See here, lilies t ; stop Nlghtingalo, ynuve got ,0 1 1 sinilagafter sun down, or find allether fiat!" The Beggar's Journal. Although it is common knowledge' that newspapers. and weekly journals are published for all sorts and classes al' folk; not many people realize that there is, in Paris one daily journal the circulation of which is confined ' ex- clusively to mendicants: f -hecto Only a ,limited number e o graph copies of this journal are <is -steed for Parisian beggars, who, by the _way. also have their laborunion, and their Tabor; dulls like ev©t`p other trade.:: ,:LCq3 copies are distr ibuted .among the various district headquarters of the na:etrapolls.. Wliat sort of news does the :Peg - gars' Journal" contain?i Well, t con- tains tips of all worts for mendicants.,. For one thing, there are complete IISts' ofthe. baptisms, weddings, anti: luner- als due 'to take place eo;ch dayeao that the beggar can fhud out whore to go if he wants to ply lits' rade suecbssfnlly, For the benefit of begging -letter,' writers a special column 1$' sot: aside for noting the s,rrivale and departures of persons •known for their charitable tendencies, tele mendicants give each other useiul bintie in a section set aside for`ccree paildence, If you over go to Paris and sudden ly and ,you`rsoif besieged with appli- cations by past'for financial assist-. ince you may take It as a great •com-- pliment. It yvill mean that you have' been inarked down 'by those who aro dualifiorl to judge as one of tito Gobd Samaritans of the world. Why are We so glad at `til; and take 'our terns to prattle, canon ; so direly We get hack to the stronghold of our. silcriee with an unwounded 'con- science? --Thomas A. XKempis. a, --AND THE WORST IS YET TO COME r 7i2gM".:a Caif'r "'�ti'�.Illvt +a 1140 -The Sea's Black Treasure. Coal is one of the countless things that are last at sea, especially near ports. And a port•that4s poorly sdzel- tered"from storms, and' wind is often the burying ' ground of many' coal barges. Such a zpot is: Newport, in Narra- gansett Bay, Mass, The bay,•being ex- posed, ,gives 'little shelter to small shipping. Frequently convoys of coal' barges, bound from Long Island to Newport, get separated, and one or more are wrecked in the bay. But now an enterprising American sailor is making a profitable living by retrieving this coal from the loceaia bed and selling it. He bought a boat .and flitted a spe- cial boom to the mainmast. At the end of the boom is a huge one -ton "orange- peel" bucket. This type of bucket has four gigantic fingers; which force thetnseii es through :• the coal and then close together when drawn up. Having discovered the spot where a barge has sunk, this ingenious • man lets down his bucket and dra -s up the coal a ton at a time until his -Nelda are full. Coal is apparentLy unharmed by im-. 'mersion in sea.. water.,ands in fact, it seems to burn :'more brightly than or- din.ary'coal, A Child's Pictaure-Music. Music often makes an appeal to children of a kind that older people cannot feed at all. Only recently a girl of ten or eleven years old., the daughter of a femme§ cartoonist, who had been through her filet course with the classics, as a reward for her indus- try was presented with a new piece of music, the . back outside sheet of which was entirely unprinted; a beautiful white sheet of paper. After a while her silence and apparent ignor- ing of the new music attracted atten- tion. Instead of •' being at the piano she was sitting at a table and, looking over her shoulder, her governess dis- covered- the white covering sheet now. full of heads of all kinds sketched in a few lines and bearing under each of them- the name at some- composer; Mozart,'Haydh•, Beethoven, Bach, Men- delssohn, and so on. And, although i they were far from being portraits,. the character of the music of each of thein was adrnirably presented. She had ,learnt mare about the men them- selves from their music than she would' have done from a photograph. Carry' a piece of tough canvas in ;your •tool. box. In an emergency it makes ,an excellent patch when dou- bled twice' and caught and held by the rim. Hunting with a ,camera brings the hunter into .-tiros, intimate contact r with •nature than hunting with a gun. f Gettin g a g • ood Pictur-e of a living wild _._.. animal requires so much more skill 1 than killing it with a bullet that it is' 'presumptuous to regard heads or pelts' as of -e, ual rank as sporting trophies -equal P g 1? with photcgraphs of, animals in their native wilds. Why Cigar ar Smoke is Blue. Tobacco, when smoked-, releases' a certain amount of `half -consumed pro- duct in the foray of smoke. With very good tobacoo, .either as. cigar, cigarette, or in a -pipe, the par- ticles,.of this smoke are inconceivably tiny; and _therefore they -catch only the shorter wave -lengths of light.- These wave -lengths are blue, so it follows that the `.smoke of a good :cigar, as seen in, bright light, reflects' a bluish color.. Cigar smoke, when seen between the'. eye and the sun, no longer re- flects, but shows in its true color as a sort of dark brown, If the smoke is taken into the mouth it cools, and the little particles join in- to larger ones, so that they no longer 'catch the blue waves only but the whole light, and,so. appear white or colorless Inferior tobaccos, too, give off larger particles of smoke, which also fail to catch the blue waves only. ' Bird Barometers. The cat is not the only creature that foretell& rain., Most birds .are restless when a change in the ° .weather is likely. Guinea -fowls• and peacocks shriek, par- rate ;whistle alioreiShrilly than' usual, and Pigeons." -return to ' thein homes when rainis expected:. 'Gulls are .dis- turbed and utter mournful. cries when a ,storm is at hand. An old rhyme tells us, that fowls roll in the sand when rain is at hand, and many country folk get out their wet-weathem garments • when they- see their hens gathering together and trimming their feathers. When ducks are very busy an the ponds, flying backwards and forwards and splash- ing large quantities of water over their backs, it may betaken for grant- ed that rain is near. When a skylark soars very high the weather is likely to remain fine, and if swallows in the evening are seen chasing insects in the heavens rather than close to the ground the same con- clusion may be drawn, Uneofita Debtor. Dentist's wife (to husband' who has been to calleot an, account for a full set of false teeth) : 'Welly did he pay yam?" "Dentist—"Pay me.. Nat only did he refuse to pay me, but he actuallry had .the effrontery to gnash at me -with my teeth." Chloroform evaporates rapidly; y, therefore, a bottle containing it should be kept tightly 'corked and placed up- side down in 'a can or box to prevent the escape of rising fumes and the overturning of, the bottle. Next to' Russia and ; the United States, Canada has;the'largest for resources in the world. Care is taken to preserve the timber supplyby aero, plane, scouting, wireless telegraphy, portable telephones azd Power pumps, replanting, prevention of pests, for- est product ,laboratories, ` stricter ae illation and Doninioa l ? and provin mai reserves. n 011'RENL A'ti>I /ry`rr �I I f t.r } •r.\ N S i LOCATION OF; WFFANt SL ISLAND The map ebove indicates not only ilia relative position or Wrangel Is-. lazed, bait also' its strategic iui,pdttance- wizen siirlllan-e :and,a.irship traflla "over' the tap" between Europe, America and Asia' becomes'- a coniniercial. reality, fi By R v. M. V. Kelly,; (Continued from m S atweek) I the city 1)�4olne larger, the space pos- sible o -siblo Por each family 'becomes less";s , there Is no ground elther befolcor he, hind the house; children cannot al- ways be imprisoned;' if they have spent the day in a school or shop' or ofilce It cruelty to eOse m {,11i at house during the remaining hours; - there is nothing left but, the street. o Them their recreation must be, taken ad with all 'kinds of Gampanny. At the;pro• seat day the house is giving place to e the fiat. In a tenement, six or eight ,` stories high,' the family'takes a suite of rooms. These and the use of a ✓ 'stairway leading to the street;are positively all they can call their own, Other families, God knows from where azsd with what reputation, are above and. below and across the passage s from them. The very conditions bring it about, that they spend in their' quar- ters only the time given to eating and sleeping. How Is home training to be t carried on, Holy is family,life pos- sible? Do not think the picture over- drawn. If you have never been in New York, for .example, it has prob- ably not occurred to you that there are no residences • there. With the ex- Home-Life x Xi Ho a le m Lrfa �1 Impossible, , I tnp It was a common rem�lnder of a geeat bishop that, vvireo all kinds o societies come into existence aiolsn us, God Himself had feuin,ded •only tw --His church and the anaii , Next to Y His establishment of the .,Christian Church comes Ills great work ofsin stlteting the Christian Borne. N other troth 1s more genes -ally accept ea this, ,All classes and conditions aokenovwieclge the necessity of hom training. No ,one hesitates' to say that 'without a hone-influence,-schooils and colleges are almost powerless fo good. You understand all-thls thoroughly of 'cours'e, but have you realized haw d 0 great a difficulty there is in pres�ery lug the advantages of a»J:uome in-citie at all? Perhaps, you Have heard the now very common remark that in thousands and tens of thousands of oases member? of, .city families ,area their father's house as little more than a boarding-house, : Such e thing as family life is no longer aimed at by such people; even tinder' conditions the most faYorable, family life is :main- tained with the greatest dielculty. There are a thousand reasons for this. They are separated during . a.Ii the working hours; when the evening meal is finished, there is an excuse for -being out again. It isethe need of fresh site or the temptation to seek places of amusement, ar it is fr s uent- ing the far -too -frequent social, event, They have been so little with their parents even as children, that neither father or mother has gained proper authority over them; having ceased to be children, they go out without con- sulting , their parents' wishes. The good-natured mother hurrying herself that supper may be waiting the mo- ment they return from work, knowing full wela that just as quickly as the working clothes can be changed for something more presentable, the will. Y be off for the remainder of the even- ing, is a picture sad to contemplate, but so terribly; oosnnion as to no long- er horrify nor even surprise anyone. y Muoh. sadder e�till, and not less com- mon, is the other story of a mother watching the late hours go by slowly, and unable to sleep because that boy is not yet in. It is past midnight and she hears every step on the sidewalk, because she dares to hope that surely this ii he at last. Night after night the experience is repeated, but'neither her wishes, her commands, nor her tears make any -change in' his conduct, In cities, also, conditions of, exist- ence very •often make home life im- possible. In the struggle to get along, the fancily are obliged to rent rooms or' keep boarders. Privacy is done away with. The home is more or less a public house. With strangers al - Ways among themy. parents' cannot correct or' control their children, As `ception of a few 'hundred: wealthy families, the entire population of three tar faun millions live in flats. Do you think young people growing up isi such. circumstances are likely to be as in- terested in their home,• as affectionate to one another, or dutiful to their par- ents, as t, atchfti;I "aver their conidu'ct, as mindful of God nrtd their own soul, as regular in their prayers, as is idu aus in the uses of their time, as select r in t efr eomtzany, as would wleh to have them? ' Now, my dear farmer Erie:%d, is not this something altogether foreign to your notion of a home. The poorest cottage in a cnntry place • assures privacy. Moreover, it is never without surroundings in which the young may move in freedom and safety. Usually y the family are together at work and play; their amusements are rarely abroad; the conscientious father or mother always know of their where-, abouts. They assemble for prayer, no less than for meals, Their worldly interest week dayse as well as their Sunday.churchgcing, are in common. Are you ready ' to give, nap ` all these` with tile prospect of trying to main- tain a home and family life in -the city? Perhaps you are going to answer: "Shaul' I decide to move, T' shall choose a ,smaller city. where houses and grounds are always• arailable." What guarantee does that give your children? Wil'I they 'live and die in 1 that small city? Will they be allowed to live there? Because of the posi- 1 tion they may, fill, a transfer elsewhere is always a likely prospect; Your own. children may escape a New York city fiat; can you save your :grandchildren from it? (To he continued). Mrs. William A. Dupuy, first woman broadcaster of news events,`;photoe graphed while broadcasting for the Democratic campaign from WRC, Wash- ington.' The Listener. it is the music I' hear through your strong, dark door that I want; Not your fire; not your bread. I shall not touch your bell, or be on your door -step If ever you open to look for mo, or for another. I shall take only what is my owrs, and nevem when you know; It is the music I hear throb^hy our strong, dame door that I want. ---Florence G, Jenney, --- A Hard Leek to Pick. The late John Scribner, a member of the New York bar a generat,bn:ago,.: was totally bald. . Speaking to. Joaepit H. Choate one day about the approach- ing marriage of ono of the Vanderbilts to a foreign nobleman, he remarked, "It would be absurd to give a Vander- bilt anderbila a costly gift. Ishould liko to find. something notrntrinsieally valuable, but interesting bedause it is rare.' "Nothing easier, John," Mr. Choate replied. "Just send her a lock of your hair." \'cif n pest French Senator, The Youngest French senator, M, Brugniee, just elected for Cho Gard Department, only reached the :ntini- inunl age limit, 40, two months ago. "Babies cry for the same mason as young lambs cry," says a well-known doctor; "they want their mothers." TO An Elder. What -have you to show Reside de ,tight. self-content To prove that I should go The way you went? If in your eyes is shown Your • ' our journey, I,should say • That Beauty is not known Along that way. Mavis Macintosh. "I hear`, Marie Is married. id she thsd the ideal she has bee.it looking for for years?" "No. Slre',s loolcing around harder than •ever now." We should not judge g e c[ a , a e s nezzt b his good �u1lIt butby the use e can make of them, WONDERS OF WEMBLEY O side the ',frail l ft Ve D'1 stands 0 golden fl agatistranaun4e�''4 • by a gilded "cock. From the top of thfi staff, a strip trf greemrcolored olotit is :suspended by a cord, Phin clout should ,really be replaced by � xep1 ick of a serpent, 'which has not yet at- , rived, Every Burmese village p0ssessee one of these poles, which are used ae a refuge by people who believe they are being attackd• by evil spirits, says an English writer. It is quite a corn mon night in Burma to: see a ;crowd of trembling natives. huddled round the base of the -village-pole,, Triose who have reason to be spm, dally frightened of an angry spook swarm as high up the: pole as they can climb and remain clinging in this un- comfortable' position all night. How the Snake Charmer Works. In most Oriental countries'the snake is looked upon with a mixture of fear and veneration, Thus', the 'Tibetan snake charmer, who dives close by, in- formed methat if he were to kill ,4 anake his power over these animals v✓ould• be gone for ever, `But," he added; with a twinkle• in his eye, `this does not mean that I cannot ar- range for their 'death, The snaise charmer proceeded to give me a densonatration, in his era,- tine country lie: is hired by a harassed landlord' to get rill of •snakes' in the same way as a rat poisoner is engaged. in England. Armed only with a bas' ' ket and his peculiar reed pipe, he sets forth into the long grass. As the snakes leave their lairs and glide to- wardsthe music, snake z the charms r seizes them and puts them into the basket. Perhaps twenty or thirty may be placed in one basket. Maple! "At the end of the day," concluded the Tibetan snake charmer, op -ening a basket into which he had ,previously placed, hree formidable lookin t g rep- tiles, "all all happen like this. The basket wasempty. "Eat each •other," •explained the charmer politely. "All fight until dead:" The snake charmer turned his back, for a moment and .miracalous'lyp ro-:: duped the three reptiles. "Snakes no kill at Wembley,"h.e announced with a provoking smile. "Too expensive!" Just out -side the Burma Hall is a carved woad building with seven ter- raced roofs, which houses an image of Buddha, the national god. You can tell that this is the house of a king, because only, royalty may have seven roofs above their heads. The main building is also a royal. residence, but a minor hall represents the_home of a lesser nobleman, for it has only three roofs.' The ordinary- man ordinaryman in the street is "allowed only one. ,Padlock as Charm. It is a long way from Bu nra to Ni- geria, but. at Wembley an•e can takq the journey in a few minutes. There I was aii:owed, to enter the Native Vil- lage, which is closed 'to the general public. 1 thought at fzrst that I was,: paying a yisit.to .some very enlighten- ed natives, ,for the way to the various inJtitutions was- pointed out by neat. .— .English sign boards. However, a na- tive explained to me. through an inter- preter that none of them knew what the boards were for, but they though they looked very pretty. , i noticed that they have adopted one valuable European invention. Every door was securely padlockeds One native, in fact,. who had no door to his; house, hail taken the precaution to nail a padlock to the door -goat, no;: doubt as a charm against burglars. Natural Resources Bulletin. The Natural Resources Intelligence Service of the Department of the Interior at Ottawa says: It lift been said;: that but for. the birds man would soon starve to death, as ,insects multiply so rapidly th st they would early everrun the earth, and devour everything edible; Birds are the natural enemies of insects, and as they have voracious appetites, they devour a tremendous quantity of man's worst. enemies. The farmer, as well as the city resi- dent, is commencing to appreciate? what the birds are doing for him, and is less antagonistic to them. In the olden days every faamer had a b un awaiting the arrival ox the birds, and many of them were shb Clown of while wlzil e doing the work which the farrier could not do -saving his food supply, Have you ever watched a robin oii'_ the lawn, andwondered what he did with all the insects,and worms he picked up? • The -robin eats at certain seasons of the year about double it;; weight in insects and worms every day, His dinner hour is continuous, ro-iuneneing at sunrise and not finish- ing until after sunset; he works Iong hours, digging and picking, to pro- -vide food for his family. Apart from its benefit to man as a savior of his. crops, what is more interesting than to watch the wild birds as they l;p from place to place, from tree to tree, singing or chirping meanwhile? The birds give their proto"tive service t9 man witheut charge.—they ask- no pay except to be let elope, Arid the farm» er is wise who will let his gun rush` Out behind the 7 ituben door befoN6 ate turns it upon his best friends— -the birds. He 'tylia ceases to pray ceases to pros Ser, .r1 .0